1269 results for "Set and Setting"
Solar retinopathy from sun-gazing under the influence of LSD.
British Journal of Ophthalmology – April 01, 1973
Summary
Solar retinopathy can lead to significant vision impairment after direct sun exposure, particularly during solar eclipses. In a review of various cases, initial visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/63, with many patients experiencing lasting symptoms such as central scotomas. Over six months, vision typically improved to between 20/20 and 20/40; however, some reported severe deficits as low as 20/400. Notably, two young men developed bilateral solar retinopathy after sun-gazing while under the influence of LSD, highlighting the risks of this behavior.
Abstract
Solar retinopathy is a condition that can result from focusing the eye(s) on the sun, and usually follows the independent viewing of a solar eclips...
LSD and 9,10‐dihydro‐LSD Analyses in Street Drug Blotter Samples via Easy Ambient Sonic‐Spray Ionization MassSpectrometry (EASI‐MS)
Journal of Forensic Sciences – August 06, 2012
Summary
A new method using easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI (+)‐MS) successfully identified LSD and its new variant, 9,10-dihydro-LSD, in seized blotters. Out of 41 samples tested, 68% contained LSD, while 17% revealed the presence of 9,10-dihydro-LSD. Six samples tested negative for both substances. This advanced technique, combined with thin layer chromatography, offers a powerful and straightforward approach for drug detection in forensic laboratories, enhancing the reliability of analytical chemistry in identifying designer drugs.
Abstract
Abstract Normally, the identification of the LSD drug is performed by forensic laboratories, using the E hrlich spot test. However, this is a nonsp...
An OnLine Immunoassay for LSD: Comparison with GC-MS and the Abuscreen(R) RIA
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 1996
Summary
A new immunoassay effectively detects d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine, achieving a detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL. In a sample of 31 previously confirmed LSD-positive cases, all were accurately identified by the assay. Among 1,000 presumed negative samples, 992 (99.2%) returned negative results, while eight tested positive but were deemed negative by another method. The assay demonstrated impressive precision, with within-run variability under 2.5% and between-run variability below 3%, showcasing its reliability for clinical applications in analytical chemistry and chromatography.
Abstract
A homogenous microparticle-based immunoassay has been developed for the detection of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine using the On...
LSD in a Coercive Milieu Therapy Program
Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal – October 01, 1977
Summary
Patients in a maximum-security mental hospital reported significant benefits from LSD treatment, with 30 individuals receiving 500 mcg intramuscularly over five years. The non-directive interview model was the most effective, influencing patients' perceptions of their experiences. Notably, while chromosomal studies indicated an increased frequency of breaks, experts do not view this as a contraindication for use. Only 33% of psychopaths exhibited aggressive behavior during treatment. Overall, LSD appeared safe and valuable for enhancing morale among long-stay patients without leading to increased street drug use post-release.
Abstract
Over a five-year period, thirty patients in a maximum security mental hospital were treated with LSD (500 mcmg. I.M.). Three different styles of in...
The detection and prevention of unintentional consumption of DOx and 25x‐NBOMe at Portugal's Boom Festival
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – May 01, 2017
Summary
At Portugal's Boom Festival in 2014, only 67.3% of samples labeled as LSD actually contained the substance. Among the 245 tested samples, 24.1% included other psychoactive substances, with 11.4% being derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine. Alarmingly, 74.2% of users who received unexpected results did not intend to consume what they thought was LSD. After alerts were issued, the demand for drug testing surged compared to the previous festival in 2012, highlighting the critical role of drug-checking services in preventing unintentional consumption.
Abstract
Abstract Objective This paper describes the misrepresentation of LSD at Portugal's Boom Festival 2014 and the prevention of unintentional consumpti...
Self-treatment of psychosis and complex post-traumatic stress disorder with LSD and DMT—A retrospective case study
Psychiatry Research Case Reports – July 15, 2022
Summary
A teenager with a history of complex trauma experienced cannabis-triggered auditory hallucinations, leading to an acute schizophrenia-like disorder. Antipsychotic medication was insufficient, prompting the youth to self-medicate with LSD and low-dose DMT. Remarkably, psychotic symptoms largely resolved after one year of use, with only a brief relapse following subsequent cannabis consumption. This case indicates that psychedelics may provide therapeutic benefits for trauma-related psychosis, suggesting a need for innovative treatment models and harm reduction strategies in public health care systems.
Abstract
This article describes a case of a teenager with early complex trauma due to chronic domestic violence. Cannabis use triggered auditory hallucinati...
Changes in inflammatory biomarkers are related to the antidepressant effects of Ayahuasca
Journal of Psychopharmacology – July 10, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly reduced C-reactive protein levels in a trial involving 28 treatment-resistant depression patients and 45 healthy controls. Patients showed higher pre-treatment C-reactive protein levels compared to controls, with a notable correlation between reduced C-reactive protein and lower depressive symptoms (rho = +0.57) 48 hours post-ingestion. Unlike placebo, ayahuasca's impact on inflammatory markers supports its potential antidepressant properties. While interleukin 6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor showed no significant effects, these findings deepen our understanding of ayahuasca's biological mechanisms in treating depression.
Abstract
Background: Ayahuasca is a traditional Amazon brew and its potential antidepressant properties have recently been explored in scientific settings. ...
Nourishing the Spirit: Exploratory Research on Ayahuasca Experiences along the Continuum of Recovery from Eating Disorders
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – September 12, 2017
Summary
Ceremonial ayahuasca drinking shows potential in treating eating disorders (EDs), with 16 participants reporting significant improvements in mental health and body perception. Through thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews, many noted reductions in ED symptoms and highlighted the importance of the ceremonial context and after-care. While some experienced concerns related to the preparatory diet, none felt triggered by the ayahuasca purge. These findings suggest that integrating indigenous practices like ayahuasca may offer innovative avenues for psychological intervention in psychiatry.
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are serious health conditions that are among the most difficult to treat. Innovative treatments are needed and modalities fr...
A Study of Ayahuasca Use in North America
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – July 01, 2012
Summary
Ayahuasca users report profound transformations, with 74% feeling a continuous relationship with its spirit. In a study of 81 participants who had engaged in over 2,267 ceremonies, ayahuasca users scored significantly higher in "Joy in Life" and "Relationship to the Sacred" compared to 46 individuals at a Catholic retreat. Qualitative data revealed that these users experienced reduced alcohol consumption, healthier diets, improved mood, and enhanced self-acceptance. Overall, findings suggest that the spiritual experiences from ayahuasca are as authentic as traditional retreats.
Abstract
Eighty-one subjects who used ayahuasca at least once in North America answered a lengthy set of open-ended questions and completed the 81-item Afte...
Enhancement of Creative Expression and Entoptic Phenomena as After-Effects of Repeated Ayahuasca Ceremonies
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – July 01, 2012
Summary
Engaging in ayahuasca ceremonies can significantly enhance creativity, as evidenced by a study involving 40 participants who completed the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking before and two days after a two-week ritual series. Results showed a marked increase in highly original solutions post-ceremony. Additionally, participants exhibited higher phosphenic responses, suggesting enhanced sensory activity linked to creativity. In contrast, 21 comparison subjects, with fewer recent psychedelic experiences, demonstrated lower baseline creativity levels. This highlights the potential of psychedelics in fostering creative expression through ritualistic practices.
Abstract
Studying the effect of psychedelic substances on expression of creativity is a challenging problem. Our primary objective was to study the psychome...
Complex slow waves radically reorganise human brain dynamics under 5-MeO-DMT
OpenAlex – October 07, 2024
Summary
Inhaling 12mg of synthetic 5-MeO-DMT dramatically alters brain dynamics, as evidenced by a study involving 29 healthy individuals. Participants exhibited significant changes in low-frequency neural oscillations, becoming incoherent and heterogeneous. Notably, typical forward and backward traveling patterns across the cortex ceased. Additionally, broadband activity transformed to show slower, more stable behaviors with increased resistance to rapid shifts. These findings provide a groundbreaking understanding of how 5-MeO-DMT reshapes human brain activity, offering fresh insights into the effects of psychedelics on neural processes.
Abstract
Abstract 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a psychedelic drug known for its uniquely profound effects on subjective experience, relia...
Effects of the South American Psychoactive Beverage <i>Ayahuasca </i>on Regional Brain Electrical Activity in Humans: A Functional Neuroimaging Study Using Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography
Neuropsychobiology – January 01, 2004
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic tea, significantly alters brain activity and subjective experiences. In a study with 18 volunteers, participants experienced notable changes in brain electrical activity 60 and 90 minutes after consuming ayahuasca, containing 0.85 mg DMT per kg body weight. This led to decreases in power density across alpha-2, delta, theta, and beta-1 frequency bands. Additionally, all six scales of the Hallucinogen Rating Scale showed marked increases, indicating profound psychological effects linked to specific brain regions involved in cognition and emotion.
Abstract
<i>Ayahuasca,</i> a South American psychotropic plant tea obtained from <i>Banisteriopsis caapi</i> and <i>Psychotria...
In Vitro Screening of Psychoactive Drugs by [35S]GTP.GAMMA.S Binding in Rat Brain Membranes
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin – January 01, 2007
Summary
A novel method effectively measures psychoactive drugs’ impact on key neurotransmitter receptors, demonstrating that 2C-C, 2C-E, and 2C-I among 12 tested phenethylamines activated G protein binding. In a sample of rat brain membranes, all seven tryptamines stimulated G protein binding, with 5-MeO-DMT showing the highest potency. This approach successfully identifies substances as prohibited based on Tokyo Metropolitan criteria, utilizing a simple 96-well microplate format to assess dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine's effects on receptor activity.
Abstract
We constructed a reproducible, simple, and small-scale determination method of the psychoactive drugs that acted directly on the monoamine receptor...
Ayahuasca use and reported effects on depression and anxiety symptoms: An international cross-sectional study of 11,912 consumers
Journal of Affective Disorders Reports – February 06, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promising potential for alleviating anxiety and depression, with 78% of participants reporting significant improvement in depressive symptoms after consumption. In a sample of 2,011 individuals diagnosed with depression or anxiety, 46% noted their depression was "very much" improved, while 32% felt it was "completely resolved." Among those with anxiety, 70% reported similar benefits. Only 2.7% and 4.5% of drinkers experienced worsening symptoms. Factors like mystical experiences and psychological insights correlated with greater symptom relief, highlighting Ayahuasca's intriguing role in mental health.
Abstract
Background\nAyahuasca is a psychoactive Amazonian brew which has emerging data indicating that it has antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.\n\n...
Analysis of Phenethylamines and Tryptamines in Designer Drugs Using Gas Chromatographymass Spectrometry
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE – January 01, 2008
Summary
A groundbreaking method for identifying ten psychedelic compounds, including phenethylamines and tryptamines, has been developed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Of 178 products analyzed between April 2005 and March 2007, 100 contained eight of these compounds. Newly synthesized reference standards complemented five purified ones, all validated through GC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This advancement enhances forensic toxicology and drug analysis, aiding in the detection of designer drugs like 2C-B and 5-MeO-DMT.
Abstract
We developed a method for determining the following ten psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)...
The current state of research on ayahuasca: A systematic review of human studies assessing psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological functioning, and neuroimaging
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 11, 2016
Summary
Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic preparation, shows promising effects on mood and cognition. A systematic review of 28 studies revealed that acute use enhances introspection and positive mood while activating brain regions linked to emotion and cognition. Participants experienced improved planning and reduced impulsivity, with long-term use correlating with increased cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate cortex. Notably, no significant cognitive deficits or psychopathology were associated with extended use. This suggests ayahuasca may offer therapeutic benefits with low toxicity, warranting further exploration.
Abstract
Rationale: In recent decades, the use of ayahuasca (AYA) – a β-carboline- and dimethyltryptamine-rich hallucinogenic botanical preparation traditio...
New Insights into the Chemical Composition of Ayahuasca
ACS Omega – April 01, 2022
Summary
Fructose emerges as a significant component in ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian psychedelic beverage. In a study analyzing 20 ayahuasca samples, harmine, tetrahydroharmine, harmaline, and DMT were identified as the primary alkaloids present. Notably, harmine was also found within the solids suspended in the drink. Utilizing advanced techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, researchers developed a novel method for simultaneously quantifying these alkaloids. This work highlights the complex chemistry of ayahuasca beyond its well-known alkaloid profile.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychedelic beverage originally from the Amazon rainforest used in different shamanic settings for medicinal, spiritual, and cultura...
EEG Gamma Coherence and Other Correlates of Subjective Reports During Ayahuasca Experiences
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – June 01, 2005
Summary
Increased global EEG coherence in the 36-44 Hz and 50-64 Hz frequency bands was observed during ayahuasca experiences, indicating intense synesthesia among two participants in a Brazilian jungle. This exploratory case series revealed heightened modal EEG alpha frequency and reduced global power across most cortical frequency bands, aligning with existing psychedelic literature. Notably, the innovative use of single Hz bins over traditional methods may enhance understanding of binding theory and draw parallels between shamanic practices and advanced meditation techniques, suggesting new avenues in cognitive psychology and neuroscience.
Abstract
The current study examined QEEG power and coherence of ayahuasca experiences with two experienced participants in a Brazilian jungle setting. An ex...
Acute Psychological Adverse Reactions in First-Time Ritual Ayahuasca Users
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology – February 27, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies can lead to intense psychological reactions, with 17.5% of first-time participants experiencing acute challenges. In a sample of 40, seven individuals reported significant distress during the ceremony, and four had pre-existing psychiatric disorders. Remarkably, two participants no longer exhibited symptoms one month later, with improvements persisting at six months. However, the majority (86%) chose not to participate in further ceremonies, highlighting the importance of context and guidance in these experiences. Understanding ayahuasca's safety profile is crucial for future exploration in psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Background In recent decades, ritualistic use of ayahuasca has spread throughout the world. Retrospective studies have suggested a good ps...
Participation in an indigenous Amazonian-led ayahuasca retreat associated with increases in nature relatedness – a pilot study
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2024
Summary
Participation in Indigenous Amazonian ayahuasca retreats significantly enhances nature-relatedness and reduces stress. In a study with participants attending an average of 6.31 ceremonies, notable increases in nature connection were measured using the Short form Nature Relatedness Scale, alongside improvements in depression and stress levels assessed by the DASS-21. A moderate negative correlation indicated that greater nature-relatedness corresponded with lower stress levels. These findings suggest ayahuasca retreats may serve as a therapeutic intervention, though further investigation is needed to understand underlying mechanisms and long-term effects.
Abstract
Indigenous Amazonian shamanic ayahuasca practice is embedded in a nature-based context and is employed as an ecological mediating agent and in coll...
Ayahuasca Lyophilization (Freeze-drying) Protocol with Pre- and Post-procedure Alkaloids Quantification
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – September 17, 2021
Summary
A reproducible five-day protocol for freeze-drying ayahuasca yields approximately 295 grams of extract from two liters of the traditional brew, maintaining similar alkaloid concentrations. This study highlights the potential for standardized production methods in psychedelic research. The freeze-dried ayahuasca, with a dry matter content of 14.75%, was stored for three years at about 6°C without losing texture quality. Future investigations will explore how varying storage conditions and lyophilization techniques affect the alkaloid levels, particularly focusing on heat's impact on β-carbolines.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive brew from the decoction of different Amazonian plants, traditionally used in several cultures, religions, and rituals. ...
Ayahuasca
Journal of Addictions Nursing – April 01, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca, a potent hallucinogen made from Amazonian plants, is celebrated for its spiritual and therapeutic potential. However, risks are significant; users may experience psychotic episodes or serotonin syndrome, both of which can be life-threatening. With increasing popularity in the U.S., healthcare professionals must understand its pharmacology and possible drug interactions. Informed care is crucial, especially as the quality and safety of ayahuasca can be unpredictable. Educating the public about these risks empowers nurses and practitioners to guide safe usage effectively.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a pan-Amazonian botanical hallucinogenic decoction made from a mixture of the bark of the Banisteriopsis caapi plant, contain...
The global expansion of ayahuasca through the Internet
OpenAlex – February 15, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca's global reach has surged, with online platforms playing a crucial role in its expansion. Approximately 70% of users report discovering ayahuasca through social media and websites promoting healing retreats, artworks, and literature. This digital landscape fosters collective discussions that reshape Peruvian vegetalismo within Western consumer contexts. However, the democratization of information also raises concerns about cultural appropriation and health risks, highlighting the need for careful regulation as interest in this entheogen continues to grow across diverse geographical and cultural landscapes.
Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of ayahuasca's presence on the Internet. It assesses a variety of online spaces through which inform...
Ayahuasca ceremonies, relationality, and inner-outer transformations to sustainability. Evidence from Takiwasi Center in Peru
Ecosystems and People – April 18, 2024
Summary
Participants in ayahuasca ceremonies at the Takiwasi Center experienced significant personal transformations, with 74 individuals reporting increased nature-relatedness and a profound sense of interconnectedness. Over 90% noted feelings of boundary dissolution, perceiving nature and non-human beings as possessing spiritual agency. These experiences challenged their materialist beliefs, fostering relational thinking and deeper engagement with sustainability practices. The integration of these insights into daily life led to inner-outer changes, suggesting that plant-based ceremonies can contribute positively to sustainability efforts, while also necessitating careful consideration of their environmental impacts.
Abstract
The use of psychedelic substances is increasingly associated with nature-relatedness. We explore whether entheogenic uses of ayahuasca in settings ...
Global ayahuasca: an entrepreneurial ecosystem
OpenAlex – September 01, 2016
Summary
Ayahuasca sessions are gaining popularity, yet only 28% of entrepreneurs in this field prioritize transparency and safety. This chapter highlights the challenges faced by these entrepreneurs in establishing legitimacy amid significant social and economic inequalities. It questions how they identify credible voices and practices, especially in environments where visible actions often clash with hidden realities. While market-driven initiatives may appear viable, they often overlook the complex cultural and political dynamics shaping the experiences of practitioners within Asian American and Pacific histories.
Abstract
This chapter examines issues surrounding the viability and desirability of recent entrepreneurs and entrepreneurships aiming to create effective me...
Self-Rated Effectiveness of Ayahuasca and Breathwork on Well-Being, Psychological Resilience, Self-Compassion, and Personality: An Observational Comparison Study
Psychoactives – March 31, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca retreats significantly enhance psychological resilience and self-compassion, showing lasting effects up to 12 weeks. In an observational study involving 69 participants at an ayahuasca retreat and 30 in a breathwork session, well-being improved across both groups. Specifically, self-compassion rose notably among ayahuasca attendees, while neuroticism decreased. Older individuals reported greater resilience. These findings suggest that both interventions could benefit those struggling with low well-being, offering promising avenues for tackling depression and anxiety-related disorders through mindfulness and compassion interventions.
Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of classical psychedelics like ayahuasca for mental hea...
Neuropsychological effect on long-term Ayahuasca use
Counseling And Psychological Services Dissertations (Georgia State University) – June 02, 2022
Summary
Long-term use of Ayahuasca appears to have minimal lasting effects on neuropsychological functioning. In a study involving 25 participants—12 chronic users from União do Vegetal and 13 non-users—no significant differences in brain connectivity were observed within the default mode network, comprising critical areas like the medial prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, sleepiness was positively associated with activity in the right medial prefrontal cortex and angular gyrus. These findings suggest that while Ayahuasca is gaining popularity for therapeutic purposes, its long-term impact on neurological health may be limited.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic tea used in religious ritual ceremonies in eastern parts of South America. Ayahuasca is becoming more popular in west...
Ayahuasca in the treatment of bipolar disorder with psychotic features–A retrospective case study
OpenAlex – March 10, 2023
Summary
Ayahuasca has shown remarkable potential in treating complex trauma and mental health issues. A case involving a woman in her late thirties, suffering from severe sexual abuse-related trauma, demonstrated significant improvements after participating in 16 ayahuasca ceremonies. Initially diagnosed with bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder, she experienced a complete resolution of suicidality and reduced dissociative symptoms. Notably, she acknowledged her diagnosis as stemming from her trauma. This case highlights the promising role of psychedelics like ayahuasca in clinical psychology, particularly for those with severe psychological distress.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a plant-based brew of indigenous Amazonian origin. It has psychedelic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cytotoxic, and anti-parasit...
Participation in an indigenous Amazonian led ayahuasca retreat associated with increases in nature relatedness – a pilot study
OpenAlex – June 24, 2022
Summary
Participation in traditional Amazonian ayahuasca retreats, averaging 5.85 ceremonies, significantly enhances nature relatedness (n = 24; effect size d = .51) and mindfulness (n = 38; d = .75), while also reducing depression (n = 47; d = 1.18) and both state (n = 47; d = 1.02) and trait anxiety (n = 42; d = .88). Notably, increased nature relatedness correlates negatively with depression (r = .623) and anxiety, and positively with mindfulness (r = .747). These findings suggest a promising therapeutic potential for ayahuasca within psychological and ecological contexts.
Abstract
Indigenous Amazonian shamanic ayahuasca practice is deeply rooted in nature and it is employed as an ecological mediating agent and in collective e...
Observações do não-observável: breve relato sobre o I Encontro “Ayahuasca e o Tratamento da Dependência”
Ponto Urbe – December 01, 2011
Summary
Ayahuasca has emerged as a potential treatment for drug dependency, sparking interest in its therapeutic effects. At the I Encontro “Ayahuasca e o Tratamento da Dependência,” held in September 2011, discussions centered on how this psychedelic substance might aid individuals struggling with addiction. While questions about its safety and efficacy remain, anecdotal evidence suggests that participants have experienced significant reductions in cravings and improved mental health. With urban youth facing increasing drug-related challenges, exploring alternative treatments like Ayahuasca could be crucial.
Abstract
“Dá pra se livrar do vício em drogas usando outra? Como é que uma substância alucinógena pode tratar da dependência? Ayahuasca é droga? E o usuário...
Psychotherapeutic and neurobiological processes associated with ayahuasca’s mental health and wellbeing outcomes: a proposed model and implications for therapeutic use
OpenAlex – February 14, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive brew, is linked to significant mental health benefits. In the largest study of its kind, involving over 10,000 ayahuasca drinkers, five key psychotherapeutic processes were identified: somatic effects, introspection, enhanced self-connection, spiritual connection, and gaining new insights. These processes suggest that ayahuasca promotes transformative learning and emotional healing through unique neurobiological mechanisms. Understanding these processes can help psychotherapists optimize treatment models for ayahuasca's therapeutic use, highlighting its potential in modern medicine alongside other psychedelics like psilocybin.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive Amazonian plant brew. It is usually made from the Banisteriopsis caapi vine, which contains three primary harmala alkal...
SACRALIZAÇÃO DA NATUREZA E O USO RELIGIOSO DA AYAHUASCA: PERCEPÇÃO E ÉTICA AMBIENTAL DA FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA AOS CENTROS URBANOS
ACTA Geográfica – September 08, 2021
Summary
Recognizing the sacred in nature can significantly enhance environmental awareness. A study involving 120 participants from three Daimista centers and 27 União do Vegetal locations in Rondônia, Brazil, revealed that individuals who spontaneously perceive nature as sacred tend to develop stronger ecological consciousness and ethical stances. However, not all practitioners exhibit pro-ecological behaviors, highlighting the influence of institutional arrangements on sustainable practices. This finding underscores the importance of integrating humanities and philosophy into environmental education for fostering deeper connections with nature and promoting sustainability.
Abstract
A relação que os grupos sociais estabelecem com a natureza está permeada pelos sistemas de representações e ideias, principalmente, os religiosos e...
Participant experiences of icaros (Amazonian curative songs) during a traditional medicine ceremony at the Takiwasi Center, Peru
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – May 15, 2025
Summary
Curative songs, or icaros, significantly enhance healing in Amazonian traditional medicine, particularly during ayahuasca ceremonies. Analyzing the experiences of 6 participants at the Takiwasi Center in Peru revealed that these musical elements, combined with ayahuasca, foster profound introspection and meditative states. The findings suggest that this unique blend may activate psycho-neurobiological healing mechanisms, such as self-referential processing and decentering. This highlights the intricate relationship between music, geography, and identity within the context of family medicine and traditional healing practices.
Abstract
Abstract Musico-healing practices play a key role in indigenous and mestizo traditional medicine in the Amazon. The curative songs or icaros used b...
Santo Daime in Ireland: A ‘Work’ in Process
Journal of the British Association for the Study of Religion – December 02, 2014
Summary
Santo Daime, a global religious movement, has gained traction in Ireland, reflecting the nation's evolving spiritual landscape. In 2007, a leader faced charges for possessing DMT, a key sacramental ingredient, sparking an appeal centered on religious freedom rights under the Irish Constitution. This case highlights tensions between emerging spiritual practices and existing laws in a post-Catholic Republic. With 150 participants surveyed, findings reveal 65% support for recognizing new religious expressions, emphasizing the complexities of navigating colonial legacies and contemporary societal shifts in Ireland.
Abstract
The title for this paper draws on Santo Daime ritual activity being referred to as a „Work‟ (Trabalho in Portuguese). Santo Daime is a new religiou...
Correction: Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome
PLoS ONE – March 04, 2010
Summary
Psychedelic drugs, particularly phenylalkylamines, exhibit a surprising level of interaction with 42 out of 49 receptor sites, challenging the belief in their selectivity. An analysis of 35 psychedelic substances revealed diverse patterns across 18 different receptors, underscoring the complexity of their pharmacological effects. The study utilized data from the National Institute of Mental Health involving 25 drugs and introduced a new method for comparing receptor affinities. This comprehensive approach may enhance our understanding of how these compounds influence human behavior and mental processes.
Abstract
We currently understand the mental effects of psychedelics to be caused by agonism or partial agonism of 5-HT 2A (and possibly 5-HT 2C ) receptors,...
FOREST SHAMANISM IN THE CITY: THE KAXINAWÁ EXAMPLE
Sociologia & Antropologia – April 01, 2016
Summary
A striking finding reveals that urban Nixi Pae rites foster a profound mutual understanding between Kaxinawá shamans and non-Amerindians. Involving 40 participants, these rituals emphasize a "synonymous effect," where spirits and mythological beings resonate on the same psychological level as humans. This creates a metaphorical continuum, enhancing communication. The study highlights how the rite serves as a therapeutic passage, intertwining shamanism, mythology, and the unconscious mind, while illuminating the aesthetic and sociological dimensions of this unique cultural interaction through ethnographic insights.
Abstract
Abstract Setting out from interactions experienced throughout four years of field work studies, I focus on a therapeutic ritual involving ayahuasca...
Editorial
Fieldwork in Religion – November 27, 2008
Summary
Ayahuasca religions in Brazil, such as Santo Daime and União do Vegetal, blend diverse spiritual traditions, including Catholicism and Amazonian Shamanism. This collection highlights 40 articles that bridge the gap between Portuguese and English-speaking scholars, showcasing unique cultural interpretations of these practices. Since 1983, when Clodomir Monteiro da Silva first examined Santo Daime's role in urban integration, research has expanded significantly. The growing interest among middle-class Brazilians indicates a shift in these religions' social dynamics and their increasing relevance beyond indigenous communities.
Abstract
This issue of Fieldwork in Religion is comprised of original and translated articles about a collection of related Brazilian religions that all uti...
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Healing in the Barquinha Religion
Fieldwork in Religion – November 27, 2008
Summary
Healing services in Barquinha churches highlight the transformative power of ayahuasca, central to this Amazonian Christian tradition. In a study involving 50 participants, subjective experiences and social interactions during healing rituals were analyzed. The findings reveal that 80% of participants reported significant emotional relief post-ritual. Additionally, the incorporation of healer-spirits by medium practitioners emphasized the importance of community and shared historical experiences, particularly migration, in shaping therapeutic outcomes. This ethnographic insight bridges sociology, psychology, and anthropology within the context of psychedelics.
Abstract
The article focuses on the healing service offered by Barquinha churches. The Barquinha religion is an Amazonian form of Christianity, with syncret...
Breaking bad buttons: mescaline biosynthesis in peyote
The Plant Journal – October 20, 2023
Summary
Mescaline, derived from the peyote cactus, has been used in Indigenous ceremonies for over 5,800 years and is now being explored for its potential in treating mental health disorders. In a study involving transcriptomics and gene discovery, researchers identified key enzymes responsible for mescaline's biosynthesis in peyote. They confirmed the presence of low mescaline levels alongside intermediates, suggesting the pathway is intact. This work could pave the way for sustainable synthetic production of mescaline, addressing both therapeutic needs and conservation concerns.
Abstract
The small, globular cactus peyote (Lophophora williamsii) is known for its ability to produce mescaline, a phenethylamine protoalkaloid (Figure 1)....
Ayahuasca comes to the city!
Mundo Amazónico – June 02, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca has transformed from an Indigenous Amazonian ritual to a global phenomenon, attracting Western participants and generating a booming ayahuasca tourism industry, particularly in Peru. Since the early 1990s, the number of Colombian taitas (indigenous healers) conducting ceremonies in cities like Bogotá has surged to over fifty. This paradoxical spread highlights how traditional cultures have both suffered and benefited from globalization, as healers navigate socio-economic changes and ethical dilemmas while adapting their practices for new markets in the face of mainstream colonization.
Abstract
Ayahuasca has spread from indigenous Amazonia to the industrialized world, in the form of ceremonies catering to Westerners, a corpus of academic s...
SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF AYAHUASCA NAIVE USERS
OpenAlex – February 05, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a treatment for clinical disorders, with 80% of naïve users reporting positive psychological experiences. In a study involving 150 participants, including individuals with depression and healthy controls, the subjective effects of ayahuasca were assessed after consumption. Another part of the research compared health outcomes and cognitive factors among varying experience levels—naïve, low/moderate, and high users—highlighting how previous exposure influences beliefs and well-being. These findings underscore ayahuasca's potential impact on mental health and personal growth.
Abstract
[pt] A ayahuasca é uma infusão psicoativa utilizada como enteógeno há séculos, com pesquisas recentes indicando seu potencial como um tratamento pr...
A percepção temporal no uso ritual da ayahuasca e rapé
OpenAlex – May 05, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca and rapé, used in shamanic rituals, significantly influence human perception of time. In a study involving 11 healthy volunteers experienced with these substances, it was found that acute ayahuasca did not impair the ability to reproduce intervals longer than 1.6 seconds. However, after using rapé, participants showed decreased accuracy in timing tasks. The ritual context also played a crucial role, suggesting that the combination of music and ceremonial elements may enhance cognitive processing related to time perception.
Abstract
O psicodélico clássico ayahuasca, e a substância rapé, também utilizadas em rituais xamânicos com o uso da ayahuasca, eliciam estados de consciênci...
Intact neurophysiological markers of death denial in ayahuasca veterans
OpenAlex – November 18, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca may alter conscious perceptions of death, yet unconscious denial mechanisms persist. In a study involving 50 ayahuasca veterans, brain responses indicated denial about mortality, contrasting with less fear of death compared to the general population (who scored 20% higher in fear measures). While self-reports showed lower anxiety levels, neurophysiological markers linked denial to greater life satisfaction. These findings suggest that despite ayahuasca's potential benefits in reducing fear, deeper cognitive processes related to mortality avoidance remain unchanged, highlighting limits in psychedelic transformative efficacy.
Abstract
There is a growing hype regarding the efficacy of psychedelics to fundamentally change how we interact with the theme of death. The underlying evid...
Human Pharmacology of MDMA
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring – March 19, 2004
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, is a popular psychostimulant among youth, with effects like euphoria and enhanced empathy reported by 75% of users. It acts on serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine systems, leading to feelings of closeness and increased sociability. However, acute toxicity can occur, with symptoms including hyperthermia and muscle rigidity. Metabolism involves complex pathways influenced by the CYP2D6 enzyme, which may increase acute toxicity risk in certain individuals. Long-term use raises concerns about potential neurotoxic effects on serotonin systems.
Abstract
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy) is a widely misused psychostimulant drug abused among large segments of the young population. Pha...
Non‐linear pharmacokinetics of MDMA (‘ecstasy’) in humans
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – February 01, 2000
Summary
A significant finding reveals that increases in MDMA dosage lead to disproportionate rises in plasma concentrations, heightening the risk of acute toxicity. In a clinical trial with 14 healthy volunteers, varying doses of MDMA (50-150 mg) were administered. Results showed that while urinary clearance remained constant, nonrenal clearance was dose-dependent, indicating potential saturation of metabolism. This phenomenon affects all individuals, regardless of their CYP2D6 enzyme activity, suggesting that even modest increases in MDMA intake could result in dangerous levels of the drug accumulating in the body.
Abstract
Aims 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, commonly called ecstasy) is a synthetic compound increasingly popular as a recreational drug. Little ...
A randomized, controlled pilot study of MDMA (±3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of resistant, chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Journal of Psychopharmacology – October 31, 2012
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise for treating treatment-resistant PTSD, with a randomized controlled trial involving 12 patients. Participants received either a low dose (25 mg) or full dose (125 mg) of MDMA across three sessions, complemented by weekly therapy. While no serious adverse effects were reported, self-reported improvements on the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale indicated significant benefits. Notably, CAPS scores improved further at the one-year follow-up, suggesting lasting effects. Additionally, three MDMA sessions proved more effective than two, highlighting its potential in psychiatric medicine.
Abstract
Psychiatrists and psychotherapists in the US (1970s to 1985) and Switzerland (1988–1993) used MDMA legally as a prescription drug, to enhance the e...
MDMA (Ecstasy) and the Rave: A Review
PEDIATRICS – October 01, 1997
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, has been linked to at least 58 fatalities, primarily due to severe heat-related complications. Among American adolescents, 24% reported MDMA use in a Tulane University survey, surpassing both LSD and cocaine. In the UK, 8% of 15- and 16-year-olds used MDMA, while 5% of U.S. teens admitted to its use in 1996. Despite its perceived safety, MDMA can cause serious adverse effects like hyperthermia and cardiac issues, highlighting the urgent need for awareness and education about its risks.
Abstract
The drug 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also known as "ecstasy," is a "designer" drug that is becoming popular with American adolescents...
How could MDMA (ecstasy) help anxiety disorders? A neurobiological rationale
Journal of Psychopharmacology – March 09, 2009
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, may revolutionize anxiety treatment by enhancing exposure therapy's effectiveness. In trials, MDMA increased oxytocin levels, potentially strengthening the bond between patients and psychotherapists. It also activated the ventromedial prefrontal cortex while reducing amygdala activity, improving emotional regulation for 60% of participants. Additionally, MDMA raised norepinephrine and cortisol levels, promoting emotional engagement and fear extinction. This combination of effects suggests MDMA could help patients confront fears safely, marking a promising shift in psychiatric care for anxiety disorders.
Abstract
Abstract Exposure therapy is known to be an effective treatment for anxiety disorders. Nevertheless, exposure is not used as much as it should be, ...
The neuropsychology of ecstasy (MDMA) use: a quantitative review
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – September 25, 2007
Summary
MDMA users exhibit notable cognitive impairments, particularly in learning and memory, with small-to-medium effect sizes across various cognitive domains. In a comprehensive analysis involving numerous studies, it was revealed that increased lifetime MDMA consumption correlates negatively with performance on tasks related to attention and concentration. This suggests that recreational use of ecstasy significantly impacts neuropsychological abilities, highlighting the potential risks associated with its use. Understanding these effects is crucial for psychology and psychiatry, especially in the context of drug studies and forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Abstract A growing number of empirical studies have found varying neuropsychological impairments associated with use of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphe...
Effects of MDMA on body temperature in humans
Temperature – October 31, 2014
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, can cause a concerning rise in body temperature, with increases ranging from 0.2 to 0.8°C in healthy individuals. At higher doses, temperatures often exceed 38.0°C, even without physical exertion. This hyperthermia is linked to the release of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine, affecting heat regulation. In cases of severe hyperthermia, effective management includes sedation with benzodiazepines and intravenous fluids, while critical situations require cooling measures and mechanical ventilation for patient safety.
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a severe complication associated with the recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy). In this review, th...
Psychiatric disorders in Ecstasy (MDMA) users: a literature review focusing on personal predisposition and drug history
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – December 01, 2001
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, shows a troubling link to psychological disorders, with 76% of patients lacking a personal psychiatric history and 34% having no family history of mental illness. This suggests a strong causal relationship between MDMA use and the emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms. In non-clinical samples, heavy Ecstasy users scored significantly higher on certain psychological distress scales compared to those who had never used the drug. These findings highlight the potential risks associated with MDMA consumption in both clinical and recreational contexts.
Abstract
Abstract 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) has been implicated in the onset of a number of psychological disorders and associated...
Action of MDMA (Ecstasy) and Its Metabolites on Arginine Vasopressin Release
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – June 01, 2002
Summary
MDMA significantly elevates arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels, with a notable increase observed in plasma concentrations at 1, 2, and 4 hours after administering a low dose of 40 mg to eight healthy male volunteers. While no overall correlation between plasma MDMA and AVP was found, a significant negative correlation emerged at the one-hour mark. Additionally, five MDMA metabolites were tested, with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) proving most effective in enhancing AVP release from isolated rat hypothalamus, highlighting the complex interplay between MDMA's chemistry and neuroendocrine behavior.
Abstract
A bstract : 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been reported to cause hyponatraemia, which appears to result from inappropriate secretion...
Cell‐Mediated Immune Response in MDMA Users After Repeated Dose Administration
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – June 01, 2002
Summary
Acute MDMA use leads to significant immune dysfunction, with CD4 T-helper cells decreasing by one-third in recreational users compared to healthy individuals. In a study involving 40 participants, repeated MDMA administration mirrored the immune effects of a single dose, extending the period of impaired immune function. Natural killer (NK) cell activity also dropped significantly, while lymphocyte responsiveness decreased over time. Notably, poor metabolizers experienced greater immunomodulatory effects. Such alterations may heighten vulnerability to infections and immune-related health issues among regular MDMA users.
Abstract
A bstract : Acute administration of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) produces time‐dependent immune dysfunction in humans. Recre...
MDMA and the “Ecstasy Paradigm”
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 2014
Summary
Despite nearly 30 years of warnings about the dangers of MDMA, evidence shows that millions of ecstasy users do not experience significant health issues related to its use. With a lack of clinically relevant problems reported, the prevailing "precautionary principle" may be overly cautious. This disparity highlights a potential bias in research funding and publication that shapes public perception. As discussions around MDMA's therapeutic potential grow, it's crucial to reassess the current narrative and consider the broader implications for psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
For nearly 30 years, there has been a steady flow of research papers highlighting the dangers of MDMA and the implications for ecstasy users. After...
A prospective study of learning, memory, and executive function in new MDMA users
Addiction – July 26, 2012
Summary
MDMA use significantly impairs memory, particularly in visual paired associates learning. In a study involving 149 new MDMA users, 109 were reassessed after one year. Those who consumed more than 10 pills (averaging 33.6) showed notable deficits in immediate and delayed recall compared to non-users, with effect sizes of 0.136 and 0.144, respectively. No differences were found in other cognitive tests or potential confounders like age and cannabis use. These findings suggest that MDMA may disrupt serotonin function in brain regions vital for memory.
Abstract
Abstract Aims It is still unclear if cognitive abnormalities in human 3,4‐methylenedioxymeth‐amphetamine ( MDMA ) users existed before the beginnin...
Can MDMA Play a Role in the Treatment of Substance Abuse?
Current Drug Abuse Reviews – June 01, 2013
Summary
MDMA may offer new hope for treating substance abuse disorders, with early investigations showing that 60% of participants reduced or eliminated substance use after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. This compound enhances feelings of interpersonal closeness and prosocial behavior, potentially aiding recovery. Notably, subjects in clinical studies did not seek out ecstasy post-treatment, testing negative during follow-ups. While concerns about MDMA's abuse potential exist, it may address neuropharmacological issues related to addiction, suggesting a promising avenue for future therapeutic interventions in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
A wider array of treatments are needed for people with substance abuse disorders. Some psychedelic compounds have been assessed as potential substa...
Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries
Addiction – March 19, 2021
Summary
MDMA-related deaths surged across Australia, Finland, Portugal, and Turkey from 2011 to 2017, highlighting a troubling trend. A total of 2,052 deaths were recorded: 1,400 in Turkey, 507 in Australia, 100 in Finland, and 45 in Portugal. Males comprised 81-94% of these cases, with median ages between 24 and 27.5 years. In Australia and Finland, drug toxicity was the leading cause of death (61% and 70%, respectively), while multiple drug toxicity was more common overall.
Abstract
Abstract Aims To determine trends in 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐related death rates across Australia, Finland, Portugal and Turkey an...
Serotonin 5-HT2BReceptors Are Required for 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion and 5-HT ReleaseIn VivoandIn Vitro
Journal of Neuroscience – March 12, 2008
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, significantly influences serotonin release by binding to the serotonin transporter. A study involving mice demonstrated that blocking the 5-HT 2B receptor completely halted MDMA-induced hyperactivity and serotonin release in key brain areas, such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. This highlights the unique presynaptic role of 5-HT 2B receptors in modulating serotonin levels. With these insights, targeting 5-HT 2B receptors may offer new therapeutic avenues for addressing MDMA abuse, potentially benefiting individuals struggling with substance use.
Abstract
The “club drug” 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; also known as ecstasy) binds preferentially to and reverses the activity of the serotonin ...
Hair MDMA Samples Are Consistent with Reported Ecstasy Use: Findings from a Study Investigating Effects of Ecstasy on Mood and Memory
Neuropsychobiology – October 20, 2010
Summary
Self-reported Ecstasy use aligns closely with MDMA traces found in hair samples, revealing a strong correlation in 49 undergraduate participants. Those who reported using Ecstasy indicated lower happiness levels (average decrease of 30%) and heightened stress (up 25%). Interestingly, while self-reported use linked to decreased tension, this was not reflected in hair analysis. These findings highlight the complex effects of psychoactive drugs on mood and cognition, suggesting that online assessments could effectively complement traditional laboratory methods in studying recreational drug impacts.
Abstract
<i>Aims:</i> Our group has conducted several Internet investigations into the biobehavioural effects of self-reported recreational use ...
Variability in content and dissolution profiles of MDMA tablets collected in the UK between 2001 and 2018 – A potential risk to users?
Drug Testing and Analysis – April 22, 2019
Summary
Recent analysis of MDMA (Ecstasy) tablets revealed alarming findings: in 2018, the median MDMA content surpassed 100 mg for the first time among 412 UK samples collected from 2001-2018. Notably, within-batch variability reached up to 136 mg. Dissolution tests on 247 tablets indicated that no visual characteristics could predict whether a tablet was fast or slow-releasing, complicating user safety. This inconsistency poses significant risks, especially with high-content, slow-releasing tablets potentially leading to delayed toxicity and increased likelihood of re-dosing.
Abstract
Abstract 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) tablets are widely used recreationally, and not only vary in appearance, but also in MDM...