1623 results for "LSD"
Pharmacological profile of ritanserin: A very specific central serotonin S2‐antagonist
Drug Development Research – January 01, 1988
Summary
Ritanserin demonstrates impressive efficacy as a central serotonin S2-antagonist, with an ED50 of just 0.0070 mg/kg in blocking tryptamine-induced cyanosis. It effectively inhibited tryptamine-triggered seizures at 0.037 mg/kg and reduced serotonin-induced skin reactions with doses as low as 0.04 mg/kg. Notably, ritanserin showed minimal interaction with dopamine and other neurotransmitters, maintaining specificity. While its peripheral histamine antagonism was observed, it required significantly higher doses (10 mg/kg) compared to its serotonin activity, highlighting its unique pharmacological profile.
Abstract
Abstract Ritanserin, a novel methylenepiperidine derivative, was studied in a wide range of common pharmacological tests mainly in rats. The lowest...
Psychedelics and substance use disorder treatment.
International review of neurobiology – January 01, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, certain **hallucinogens** show promise in treating **addiction**. Research indicates **psychedelics** like **LSD**, **psilocybin**, and **ayahuasca** can help individuals with **alcohol use disorder** reduce drinking and achieve abstinence. Promising initial findings also emerge for **tobacco use disorder** and opioid **substance use disorders**. These compounds may work by improving brain function and fostering personal insights, offering a new path for recovery.
Abstract
The current chapter presents the literature evaluating the effects of classic psychedelic treatments on five substance use disorders: alcohol, toba...
Might Microdosing Psychedelics Be Safe and Beneficial? An Initial Exploration.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
Summary
Albert Hoffman's idea that low-dose LSD could be a Ritalin alternative sparked interest in microdosing. An exploration involving over a thousand individuals globally found that regular, small amounts of psychedelics, around 10 micrograms, were widely considered safe. Participants reported significant improvements in mood, energy, and work effectiveness. Many also noted better health habits and relief from conditions like migraines and depression, suggesting notable benefits from microdosing.
Abstract
Albert Hoffman suggested that low doses of LSD might be an appropriate alternative to Ritalin. Following this possibility, a systematic exploration...
Neuropsychopharmacology of hallucinogenic and non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonists.
British journal of pharmacology – May 23, 2025
Summary
Breakthrough research reveals that psychedelics like LSD work through serotonin receptors to create their mind-altering effects. Scientists discovered a new class of compounds that target the same brain pathways but don't cause hallucinations, potentially offering antidepressant benefits without the intense psychedelic experience. This finding could revolutionize mental health treatment by harnessing therapeutic effects while minimizing disorienting side effects.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocin were once relegated to the fringes of medical research because of their association with counterculture ...
Sporadic use of classic psychedelics and neuropsychological performance: A cross-sectional analysis.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – April 02, 2025
Summary
People who occasionally use psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD may experience enhanced cognitive flexibility and problem-solving abilities. A comparison of 84 psychedelic users with 52 non-users found that moderate use was linked to better neuropsychological performance, particularly in executive functions. Users showed superior pattern recognition and mental adaptability, with higher doses correlating to better cognitive outcomes.
Abstract
Evidence on the neuropsychological consequences of classic psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca is conflicting, and little is known abo...
Psychedelics and autobiographical memory - six open questions.
Psychopharmacology – March 17, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin may hold unique potential for enhancing autobiographical memory and emotional processing. Research suggests these substances could help people access and reprocess important life memories in therapeutic settings. Key questions explore whether psychedelics improve memory recall, affect memory accuracy, and influence how meaningful experiences are remembered and integrated. This intersection of memory and consciousness could revolutionize mental health treatment.
Abstract
Since the earliest LSD research, psychedelics have been claimed to enhance autobiographical memory. Revisiting and processing autobiographical memo...
Lifetime classic psychedelic use and headaches: A cross-sectional study.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – March 12, 2025
Summary
People who have used psychedelics like LSD or psilocybin are 25% less likely to experience frequent severe headaches, including migraines and cluster headaches. Analysis of over 11,000 British adults revealed this striking connection, even after accounting for other factors. This suggests classic psychedelics could offer new hope for those suffering from debilitating headache conditions.
Abstract
Migraine and cluster headache are two primary headache disorders for which conventional treatments are limited. Classic psychedelic substances such...
Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Compounds for Substance Use Disorders.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – November 05, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments for addiction are emerging from an unexpected source: psychedelics. Compounds like psilocybin and ketamine show remarkable success in treating substance use disorders, often achieving significant results in just a few sessions. Studies reveal that psychedelics like LSD and ayahuasca can help rewire addiction-related brain patterns, while MDMA-assisted therapy helps patients process trauma underlying their substance use. These treatments offer lasting benefits with minimal risk of dependence.
Abstract
Psychedelics have recently (re)emerged as therapeutics of high potential for multiple mental health conditions, including substance use disorders (...
Stutterers' experiences on classic psychedelics: A preliminary self-report study.
Journal of fluency disorders – September 01, 2024
Summary
Online discussions reveal promising connections between psychedelics and stuttering relief. Analysis of Reddit posts shows 74% of people who stutter reported reduced symptoms after using psilocybin or LSD. The qualitative study examined 114 self-reported experiences, finding improvements in speech fluency, social anxiety, and emotional well-being among most users.
Abstract
Stuttering poses challenges to social, occupational, and educational aspects of life. Traditional behavioral therapies can be helpful but effects a...
Potential Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Agonist of Psychoactive Components of Silene undulata Aiton: LC-MS/MS, ADMET, and Molecular Docking Studies.
Current pharmaceutical biotechnology – January 01, 2025
Summary
African dream herb Silene undulata contains compounds similar to LSD in their interaction with brain receptors. Chemical profiling revealed 51 active compounds, including β-carboline alkaloids. Advanced molecular docking shows these substances bind to serotonin receptors nearly as strongly as LSD, explaining the plant's traditional use in inducing vivid dreams and altered states of consciousness.
Abstract
Silene undulata is historically used for inducing vivid and prophetic lucid dreams, but limited information exists on its phytochemical composition...
Present and future of metabolic and metabolomics studies focused on classical psychedelics in humans.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie – December 31, 2023
Summary
Groundbreaking research reveals how psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca affect human biology at the molecular level. Scientists tracked how these compounds are processed in the body and mapped their effects on cellular metabolism. While we understand how these substances break down, their broader impact on the body's metabolic systems offers promising insights for mental health treatments.
Abstract
Psychedelics are classical hallucinogen drugs that induce a marked altered state of consciousness. In recent years, there has been renewed attentio...
Functional imaging studies of acute administration of classic psychedelics, ketamine, and MDMA: Methodological limitations and convergent results.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – November 01, 2023
Summary
Brain scans reveal that psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD consistently alter connectivity between sensory and cognitive brain regions. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), researchers analyzed 91 studies examining how ketamine, MDMA, and other psychedelics affect brain function. Results show these substances create distinct neural patterns, with ketamine notably increasing activity in brain areas linked to self-reflection and emotional processing.
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is increasingly used to non-invasively study the acute impact of psychedelics on the human brain. Whil...
Persons With Spinal Cord Injury Report Peripherally Dominant Serotonin-Like Syndrome After Use of Serotonergic Psychedelics.
Neurotrauma reports – January 01, 2023
Summary
People with spinal cord injuries experience unique reactions to psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD, marked by intense muscle spasms and sweating. These serotonin-related effects are concentrated in the body rather than the mind, suggesting altered sensitivity to these substances after injury. While patients return to baseline, these physical responses can diminish the therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) may treat various mental health conditions. Despite its promising therapeutic signal across mental health outcom...
Human neuroimaging: fMRI.
International review of neurobiology – January 01, 2025
Summary
The human brain's connectivity profoundly shifts under psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and DMT, revealing insights into their unique effects. Neuroimaging, specifically functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), shows these substances acutely disrupt normal resting-state patterns. This neuropsychopharmacology research suggests these fMRI-observed changes are closely linked to both the characteristic subjective experiences and positive long-term emotional impacts. This deepens our understanding of psychedelics and aids in developing new treatments.
Abstract
Human neuroimaging with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging has been a key feature of the current wave of psychedelic research, in both healthy a...
Persons With Spinal Cord Injury Report Peripherally Dominant Serotonin-Like Syndrome After Use of Serotonergic Psychedelics
Neurotrauma Reports – January 26, 2024
Summary
Many with spinal cord injuries are exploring psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD. A key insight reveals they often experience intense muscle spasms and other sensitivities, suggesting a unique, peripherally dominant serotonin-like reaction. Understanding this phenomenon is vital for developing protocols to safely harness the therapeutic potential of these compounds, including MDMA, for this population.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) may treat various mental health conditions. Despite its promising therapeutic signal across mental health outcom...
Treatment approaches and efficacy in psychedelic-induced psychosis: A systematic review.
Asian journal of psychiatry – June 26, 2025
Summary
When hallucinogens like LSD or psilocybin induce psychosis, prompt treatment is crucial. A review of cases found second-generation antipsychotics, such as Risperidone, highly effective in resolving psychosis. These performed significantly better than first-generation antipsychotics like Haloperidol, offering positive outcomes for patients experiencing this challenging condition.
Abstract
Psychedelics are increasingly used in the general population, yet they are associated with increased risk of psychosis in a minority of users that ...
The potential of psychedelic medicine - A personal account.
Journal of the neurological sciences – March 15, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics were once explored as therapeutic drugs before criminalization halted research. A toxicologist, living in Haight Ashbury in 1965, studied compounds like LSD, observing their early use for conditions such as addiction. Despite initial promise, negative publicity led to Schedule 1 classification, suppressing exploration of these entheogens and entactogens. This historical account suggests a significant, untapped potential for recovery, highlighting how early therapeutic applications were sidelined.
Abstract
In 1965, I was training in clinical toxicology in the pharmacology department of the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) and living in th...
United States National Institutes of Health grant funding for psychedelic-assisted therapy clinical trials from 2006-2020.
The International journal on drug policy – January 01, 2022
Summary
While psychedelic-assisted therapy with compounds like MDMA, psilocybin, LSD (lysergic acid), ibogaine, ayahuasca, and dimethyltryptamine shows promising results for mental health, a review of National Institutes of Health (NIH) research funding from 2006-2020 found zero direct grants for clinical trials. Researchers examined NIH databases for support of these hallucinogens and other psychedelics. Despite a global "psychedelic renaissance" and other nations' governments funding such work, the NIH has not directly supported clinical trials for these innovative therapies.
Abstract
Medicine is currently experiencing a "psychedelic renaissance", said by many to have commenced in 2006. Since then, clinical trials have consistent...
[Neurotrophic mechanisms of psychedelic therapy].
Biologie aujourd'hui – January 01, 2019
Summary
Therapeutic effects of psychedelics can last long after the drug is gone, suggesting they trigger lasting brain changes. Studies reveal how compounds like LSD and ketamine (kétamine) impact neurotrophic factors such as BDNF. The central idea is that despite different receptor targets, these psychedelics initiate similar beneficial plastic adaptations in the brain's prefrontal cortex. Positive findings indicate these mechanisms could effectively treat conditions like depression (dépression) and addiction, offering new avenues for mental health care.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs, often referred to as hallucinogens, are quite distinct from other classes of psychotropic drugs. Although the subjective and beh...
Biological Effects and Biodistribution of Bufotenine on Mice.
BioMed research international – January 01, 2018
Summary
A compound, similar to LSD and effective against rabies, was studied for long-term safety in mice. Researchers assessed its impact on behavior, body functions, and tissue distribution after daily doses. Mice showed only mild behavioral changes at higher doses, maintaining normal physiology and no organ damage. Importantly, the lowest effective dose was safe, with no significant central nervous system impact. These positive results highlight its potential as a drug prototype for incurable diseases like rabies.
Abstract
Bufotenine is an alkaloid derived from serotonin, structurally similar to LSD and psilocin. This molecule is able to inhibit the rabies virus infec...
Dopamine D2High receptors stimulated by phencyclidines, lysergic acid diethylamide, salvinorin A, and modafinil.
Synapse (New York, N.Y.) – August 01, 2009
Summary
Unexpectedly, phencyclidine (PCP), known for other effects, strongly stimulates dopamine D2 receptors in brain tissue. Researchers investigated if PCP and similar substances like LSD and modafinil activate these receptors. Using rat brain samples, they found PCP, hallucinogens, and psychostimulants effectively activate D2 receptors at behaviorally relevant concentrations, a positive discovery that clarifies how these compounds influence brain activity.
Abstract
Although it is commonly stated that phencyclidine is an antagonist at ionotropic glutamate receptors, there has been little measure of its potency ...
Present and future of metabolic and metabolomics studies focused on classical psychedelics in humans
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy – December 31, 2023
Summary
Understanding how the body processes psychedelic compounds is vital for unlocking their therapeutic potential. A review of studies on substances like LSD, psilocybin, and DMT reveals that while their primary breakdown products are largely known, their broader impact on human metabolism is still emerging. Integrating advanced metabolomics with drug tracking promises to illuminate the precise molecular interactions behind their positive therapeutic effects, paving the way for novel treatment development.
Abstract
Psychedelics are classical hallucinogen drugs that induce a marked altered state of consciousness. In recent years, there has been renewed attentio...
Acid Brothers: Henry Beecher, Timothy Leary, and the psychedelic of the century.
Perspectives in biology and medicine – January 01, 2016
Summary
Henry Beecher, a titan of research ethics, and Timothy Leary, a counterculture guru, share an unexpected historical link: LSD. Though never meeting, their contrasting Harvard-era approaches to the synthetic hallucinogen proved pivotal. This perspective reveals how Beecher's ethical principles, forged partly in response to Leary's controversial advocacy, became a crucial bellwether. Their indirect struggle significantly advanced the formal scrutiny and guidelines for responsible human experimentation.
Abstract
Henry Knowles Beecher, an icon of human research ethics, and Timothy Francis Leary, a guru of the counterculture, are bound together in history by ...
Psychedelics and psychotherapy in Canada: Humphry Osmond and Aldous Huxley.
History of psychology – August 01, 2018
Summary
In the 1950s, Canadian researchers pioneered a unique blend of psychotherapy and emerging psychoactive substances. Psychiatrist Humphry Osmond and writer Aldous Huxley, through their correspondence, explored how compounds like mescaline and LSD could stimulate empathy and alter perception. Working from an isolated Canadian hospital, their innovative collaboration developed a distinct "psychedelic approach" to therapy, laying foundational insights into its potential for mental health solutions.
Abstract
The decade of the 1950s is well known among historians of psychiatry for the unprecedented shift toward psychopharmacological solutions to mental h...
25C-NBOMe: preliminary data on pharmacology, psychoactive effects, and toxicity of a new potent and dangerous hallucinogenic drug
BioMed Research International – January 01, 2014
Summary
A dangerous new hallucinogen, 25C-NBOMe, is rapidly emerging online, often disguised as "legal LSD." Researchers systematically reviewed scientific literature and online discussions across 10 languages to understand its nature and risks. Findings reveal it's a potent substance that binds to specific brain receptors, causing effects like hallucinations, dissociation, and anxiety. Alarmingly, it carries a high risk of overdose, with acute toxicities and fatalities reported. This easily accessible, low-cost drug poses significant harm, underscoring the vital need to inform health professionals about its dangers.
Abstract
Introduction. The use of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) has rapidly increased as well as their online availability. The aim of this paper is ...
Classic psychedelics: An integrative review of epidemiology, therapeutics, mystical experience, and brain network function.
Pharmacology & therapeutics – May 01, 2019
Summary
Classic psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin, once overlooked, are proving to be powerful therapeutic agents. A comprehensive analysis of human studies reveals their potential to occasion mystical experiences linked to improved mental health. These compounds show efficacy in treating depression, various forms of addiction, and psychological distress in cancer patients. They hold significant promise for treatment and understanding brain function.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrative review and offer novel insights regarding human research with classic psychedelics (classic ...
Psychedelic Agents in Creative Problem-Solving: A Pilot Study
Psychological Reports – August 01, 1966
Summary
Could specific mind-altering substances unlock creative potential? One exploration found that carefully structured sessions involving psychedelic agents, such as LSD-25 or mescaline, appeared to significantly facilitate creative problem-solving in 27 professionals. Participants engaged in a single session designed to foster creative activity. Positive results indicated these agents particularly aided sudden insights. Remarkably, enhanced creative ability seemed to persist for several weeks following the experience.
Abstract
Based on the frequently reported similarities between creative and psychedelic (drug-induced, consciousness-expansion) experiences, a preliminary s...
Psilocybin and Psilocin
OpenAlex – March 09, 2000
Summary
Psilocybin mushrooms are notably more popular than LSD among college students, with 15% reporting use compared to just 5% for LSD. These "mind-revealing" mushrooms, containing psilocybin and psilocin, have a long history, used ritualistically by Mexican Native Americans for thousands of years. Modern recreational appeal extends to younger demographics; a California survey found 3.4% of seventh graders and 8.8% of eleventh graders had used them, often cultivated at home from readily available spores.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin and psilocin are indolealkylamines present in Central American Psilocybe species of mushrooms and in Panaeolus mushroom species...
Psychedelic Experiential Pharmacology: Pioneering Clinical Explorations with Salvador Roquet (How I Came to All of This: Ketamine, Admixtures and Adjuvants, Don Juan and Carlos Castaneda Too): An Interview with Richard Yensen
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies – July 01, 2014
Summary
Pioneering psychedelic drug studies, utilizing compounds like MDA and LSD, revealed profound potential for experiential learning in psychotherapy. Dr. Yensen, a seasoned psychotherapist, conducted FDA-approved research from 1972-1976, exploring neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior with diverse patients. His Psychology Ph.D. focused on MDA with neurotic outpatients. Later, under IND 3250 until 2006, he continued LSD research, evolving a non-drug psychoanalysis, Perceptual Affective Therapy, from these natural compound pharmacology insights.
Abstract
Richard Yensen was a research fellow at the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center from 1972 to 1976. He studied psychedelic psychotherapy with Stani...
Classic Psychedelics in Pain Modulation: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Future Perspectives
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – June 06, 2025
Summary
Millions worldwide suffer chronic pain, often with depression. Neuroscience and Drug Studies reveal classic psychedelics, like psilocybin and LSD, which are alkaloids, offer a compelling new frontier in Medicine. These substances, influencing neuroplasticity and primarily acting on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, appear to modulate pain perception and mood. Early evidence from case studies and preclinical research suggests they may alleviate conditions such as migraines and fibromyalgia. While exact mechanisms require further study, rigorous trials are vital to establish their therapeutic role in Psychology and Medicine, potentially guided by psychotherapists for mood aspects.
Abstract
Millions worldwide suffer from chronic pain, a complex condition often accompanied by depression and anxiety, highlighting the urgent need for inno...
The Relationships Between Healthcare Access, Gender, and Psychedelics and Their Effects on Distress
Healthcare – May 16, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic use can intensify psychological distress, especially for women with public health care. Analyzing data from 484,732 individuals reveals private health insurance links to lower distress, while public coverage correlates with higher distress. For women, psilocybin and LSD use reinforced lower distress with private insurance but significantly heightened distress with public health care. This behavior suggests psychedelics interact with existing healthcare access, failing to mitigate structural inequalities in clinical psychology and potentially worsening outcomes.
Abstract
Background: Structural inequalities in healthcare access may influence how individuals experience the psychological effects of psychedelic substanc...
The effect of psychedelic microdosing on animal behavior: A review with recommendations for the field
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – May 09, 2025
Summary
Contrary to popular belief in human psychology, psychedelic microdosing showed minimal behavioral changes in animals. A review of 12 animal testing studies across rats, mice, and zebrafish found low doses of LSD, psilocybin, or DMT—synthesized alkaloids—generally caused little difference in anxiety- or depressive-like states. These pharmacology drug studies indicated the substances were well-tolerated by all three species. While brain chemistry, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, may be subtly affected, widespread benefits were not observed.
Abstract
Microdosing, the repeated use of psychedelic substances at low doses, is growing in popularity among recreational consumers. While this practice is...
Is there a place for psychedelics in sports practice?
Acta Neuropsychiatrica – January 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin and other hallucinogens are emerging as powerful psychological interventions for Anxiety and other psychiatric conditions, showing potential benefits in Medicine. While Athletes could benefit from such Psychology-based approaches, specific data on how substances like Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), or MDMA affect their physical performance is largely absent. Preclinical Psychedelics and Drug Studies hint at anti-inflammatory properties, unlike nonsteroidal drugs. Understanding Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior in performance, crucial for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, requires further investigation.
Abstract
Abstract Growing evidence suggests that psychedelic-assisted therapies can alleviate depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and substance use d...
Exploring the potential of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for moral injury: A scoping review.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – April 02, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy shows promising results in treating moral injury - psychological trauma from events that violate one's core values. Studies examining MDMA, psilocybin, and LSD combined with psychotherapy reveal significant improvements in self-compassion, forgiveness, and PTSD symptoms. The treatments particularly help those struggling with trauma-related moral conflicts and self-acceptance.
Abstract
This scoping review addresses the need to comprehensively explore the potential of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) to facilitate recovery ...
Psychedelics and Pro-Social Behaviors: A Perspective on Autism Spectrum Disorders
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – February 10, 2025
Summary
Autism Spectrum Disorders affect millions globally, presenting significant challenges in social interaction. A compelling perspective in cognitive psychology explores how psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA may positively influence pro-social behaviors. This viewpoint examines their neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, suggesting novel drug studies. Understanding these mechanisms, alongside insights from nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, could offer new psychological approaches for individuals with ASD.
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and repet...
Psychedelics and Suicide-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Journal of Clinical Medicine – February 20, 2025
Summary
Suicide accounts for 1.4% of global deaths, urging new Medicine. Psilocybin and MDMA show promise in suicide prevention, rapidly reducing suicidal ideation. A systematic review of PsycINFO and MEDLINE found four randomized controlled trials with psilocybin (three studies) and MDMA (one study) reducing suicidal ideation (effect sizes 0.52–1.25). Non-randomized studies reported psilocybin reducing ideation (OR 0.40–0.75). However, LSD, another hallucinogen, increased suicidal ideation (OR 1.15–2.08). Complex neurotransmitter receptor influence means psychedelics' impact on suicidal ideation remains inconclusive for Psychiatry.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Suicide accounts for 1.4% of global deaths, and the slow-acting nature of traditional treatments for suicide risk underscore...
Further education in psychedelic-assisted therapy - experiences from Switzerland.
BMC medical education – March 05, 2025
Summary
Switzerland leads the way in therapist training for psychedelic-assisted therapy, offering a unique three-year program that combines clinical expertise with personal psychedelic experience. Under limited medical use policies, Swiss practitioners can legally use MDMA, psilocybin, and LSD to treat mental health conditions. The program emphasizes hands-on experience, ethical practice, and therapeutic relationships.
Abstract
The growing interest in psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) for treating psychiatric disorders such as treatment-resistant depression, PTSD, and anx...
Prevalence and Correlates of Lifetime Ecstasy/MDMA Use Among Asian American and Pacific Islander Adult Populations in the United States, 2015–2020
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 03, 2025
Summary
Over 1 in 20 Asian American and Pacific Islander adults (5.1%) have used Ecstasy/MDMA in their lifetime. Women showed 1.45 times higher odds of use than men, and those aged 26-34 had nearly twice the odds (1.99 times) compared to younger adults. Lifetime use of other substances like Cannabis (28.4 times higher odds) and Psychedelics such as LSD (3.82 times) or psilocybin (3.29 times) strongly correlated with MDMA use. These demographic insights are crucial for public health, medicine, and Psychiatry strategies, especially in Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, and Gerontology.
Abstract
Little is known about ecstasy/MDMA use among Asian American and Pacific Islander populations. Research is important because AAPIs face unique cultu...
Down the Rabbit Hole: A Large-Scale Survey of Psychedelic Users’ Patterns of Use and Perceived Effects
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 29, 2025
Summary
A survey of 1,486 US adults (67.1% male) provides crucial insights into the evolving landscape of psychedelics and drug studies. Predominantly, people use MDMA and LSD recreationally, often orally. While acute effects like hallucinations and positive mood are common, residual headaches also occur. This psychology research offers a valuable scale for understanding public experiences with these chemical synthesis alkaloids. Deciphering this complex data helps us navigate the rabbit hole of diverse academic research themes surrounding psychedelics.
Abstract
The ever-changing landscape surrounding legality and accessibility of psychedelics and their increasing popularity make it imperative to better und...
Pain and Perception: Exploring Psychedelics as Novel Therapeutic Agents in Chronic Pain Management.
Current pain and headache reports – January 07, 2025
Summary
Groundbreaking research reveals psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and ketamine show remarkable promise in treating chronic pain conditions. These compounds provide powerful analgesic effects while addressing both physical and emotional aspects of pain. Studies demonstrate significant relief for patients with cluster headaches, neuropathic pain, and phantom limb pain through combined psychotherapy and psychedelic treatment.
Abstract
Chronic pain affects approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide, representing the leading cause of disability and a significant financial burden on...
Quality of reporting on psychological interventions in psychedelic treatments: a systematic review.
The lancet. Psychiatry – January 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic therapy is gaining momentum in mental health treatment, but how therapists work with patients during these sessions varies widely. A comprehensive analysis of 45 studies revealed significant inconsistencies in how psychological support is provided alongside substances like psilocybin, MDMA, and LSD. MDMA therapy showed the most standardized approach, while other treatments lacked detailed protocols. Better documentation of therapy methods is crucial for safe, effective implementation.
Abstract
Although studies of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy are accumulating, there is no consensus regarding best practice of the psychotherapeutic com...
Global Trends in Psychedelic Microdosing: Demographics, Substance Testing Behavior, and Patterns of Use
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – November 06, 2024
Summary
Exclusive psychedelic microdosers, a subset of 2488 individuals from a survey of 6193 consumers, exhibit distinct demographics and substance use patterns. They are older (46.4 vs. 42.0 years), predominantly female (68.4% vs. 44.7%), and report less non-psychedelic substance use (3.8 vs. 4.7 substances) compared to those also using macrodoses. Most microdose multiple times monthly, often with psilocybin (74.5%) or LSD (34.4%), primarily for wellbeing (73.0%), though 64.6% don't test their substances.
Abstract
Despite psychedelic microdosing being a growing practice, the research on the topic is still in its infancy. While several studies have described t...
Masking Influences: A Systematic Review of Placebo Control and Masking in Psychedelic Studies
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – November 06, 2024
Summary
A critical review of nine **psychedelics and drug studies** reveals a significant challenge for **medicine**: nearly 78% had poor **masking** success. This means participants often knew if they received the active **chemical compounds**—like psilocybin or LSD, often from **chemical synthesis**, or natural **alkaloids**—or a **placebo**. This complicates attributing positive changes in **psychology** to the drug alone. For instance, 60-75% of **placebo** groups in **clinical psychology** still showed large effect sizes. **Psychotherapists** must consider these unmasking influences.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy is becoming increasingly acknowledged as an effective therapeutic intervention for various psychiatric illnesses. Howe...
Expert recommendations for Germany’s integration of psychedelic-assisted therapy
BMC Medical Education – October 24, 2024
Summary
Australia has already approved MDMA and psilocybin for mental health, highlighting Europe's urgent need to advance medical education in psychedelic-assisted therapy. With USA trials in Phase III, Germany is poised to lead Europe in developing robust frameworks for integrating innovative Psychedelics and Drug Studies into Medicine. This includes defining ethical Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications, practitioner training, and regulatory oversight. Such infrastructure development aims to ensure proficient care, potentially reclaiming Europe's historical lead in Psychology and psychiatric innovation, as seen with Switzerland's 2014 reintroduction of MDMA and LSD for restricted medical use.
Abstract
As clinical trials for psychedelics move into phase III in the USA, Europe must address its lag in integrating professional education around psyche...
Psychedelic-related deaths in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (1997-2022).
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – January 10, 2025
Summary
Despite widespread use of psychedelics, only 28 drug-related deaths were linked to these substances across England, Wales, and Northern Ireland over 25 years. While each death is tragic, this remarkably low number supports psychedelics' relative safety profile. Most cases involved multiple substances, with LSD and psilocybin being most common. Adverse effects were typically connected to unsafe physical environments or toxicity from mixing drugs.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs are increasingly visible in society once more, but their risks and adverse effects have received less attention than perhaps they...
Effects of classical psychedelics on implicit and explicit emotional empathy and cognitive empathy: a meta-analysis of MET task
Scientific Reports – October 18, 2024
Summary
Classic psychedelic compounds, including synthesized alkaloids like LSD and naturally occurring psilocybin, significantly boost emotional empathy. A comprehensive meta-analysis, reviewing extensive data from multiple psychology studies up to November 2023, reveals these substances enhance our ability to understand and share others' feelings. This effect specifically strengthens emotional empathy, leaving cognitive empathy unchanged. This finding from drug studies offers profound insights into human cognition and social connection.
Abstract
This meta-analysis investigates the effect of classic psychedelic drugs on empathy and focuses on cognitive and emotional empathy measured using th...
Exploring the regulatory framework of psychedelics in the US & Europe.
Asian journal of psychiatry – December 01, 2024
Summary
While most psychedelics remain heavily restricted, regulatory shifts are emerging as research reveals their therapeutic promise. The US and EU are developing frameworks to evaluate substances like psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA for mental health treatment. Ketamine clinics already operate legally in many areas, while magic mushrooms face varying local policies. New laws aim to balance patient access with safety controls.
Abstract
Psychedelic drug therapy has gained prominence for its potential in treating various mental health conditions, including depression, post-traumatic...
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CCNP Innovations in Neuropsychopharmacology Award
Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience – September 19, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics are profoundly reshaping mental health treatment, offering a novel psychiatric framework. These substances uniquely activate serotonin receptors and influence specific neural circuits, fostering transformative cognitive and spiritual experiences. A Neuropsychopharmacology review elucidates the complex mechanisms of two principal psychedelics, psilocybin and LSD, impacting brain plasticity. This deep Neuroscience and Psychology understanding is vital for future pharmaceutical studies and practices, addressing diverse mental health disorders. Such insights could even extend to conditions like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, integrating brain, mind, and spirituality.
Abstract
For 3000 years, psychedelics have been used in religious contexts to enhance spiritual thinking, well-being, and a sense of community. In the last ...
New frontiers in the biosynthesis of psychoactive specialized metabolites
Current Opinion in Plant Biology – September 16, 2024
Summary
The relaxation of psychedelic drug regulations has spurred interest in compounds like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for mental health. A review in Drug Studies highlights the intricate biochemistry and biology of hallucinogen production. It details metabolic pathways from diverse plant and fungal interactions, as well as animal sources, yielding five key compounds, including Mescaline, Lysergic acid, and tryptamine derivatives. This exploration of chemical synthesis and alkaloids aims to leverage synthetic biology to create novel psychedelics with superior pharmacology, complementing traditional methods.
Abstract
The recent relaxation of psychedelic drug regulations has prompted extensive clinical investigation into their potential use to treat diverse menta...
Psychedelics as a tool for a more connected and sustainable world? Considering the importance of rituals, boundaries, and commitment.
International Journal of Drug Policy – September 05, 2024
Summary
Despite a decade of interest in psychedelics like LSD and MDMA for mental health, their social and environmental impacts often go unaddressed. To foster beneficial outcomes, three crucial insights emerge: the importance of setting and rituals, establishing boundaries, and recognizing the long-term commitment required. Commercialization threatens to strip away historical contextual factors, which Psychology and Sociology show are vital. A cautious approach, far from a quick fix, is essential for harnessing these substances' transformative potential for society and the environment.
Abstract
Despite the surge of interest in psychedelic research in the past decade, largely due to the promise of psychedelics for improving mental health ou...
Jung, the Rebirth Motif and Psychedelics I: Documenting Jung's Contact with the British Pioneers.
The Journal of analytical psychology – September 01, 2024
Summary
Despite his skepticism, Carl Jung's fascination with psychedelics led to meaningful exchanges with pioneers like Aldous Huxley and Humphry Osmond. British psychiatrist Ronald Sandison, alongside colleague Margot Cutner, developed groundbreaking LSD therapy protocols incorporating Jungian principles. Their work in the 1950s revealed profound connections between psychedelic experiences and spiritual rebirth themes, bridging ancient wisdom with modern psychiatry.
Abstract
C. G. Jung wrote very little about psychedelic drugs and he took a sceptical view of them. However, he was sufficiently impressed by Aldous Huxley'...
Pharmacological Properties of Psychedelics with a Special Focus on Potential Harms.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – July 31, 2024
Summary
While generally safer than many recreational substances, psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin can profoundly alter consciousness through unique interactions with brain serotonin systems. Their classification includes three main types: phenethylamines, tryptamines, and ergolines. Though showing promise in mental health treatment, these substances carry risks of anxiety, dissociation, and psychological harm, particularly when combined with other drugs or used improperly.
Abstract
Psychedelics are a group of substances within the heterogeneous class of hallucinogenic drugs. Via binding to the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor, psy...
Toxicology and Pharmacological Interactions of Classic Psychedelics.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – July 24, 2024
Summary
Classic psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin show remarkably low physical toxicity, even at high doses. Their metabolism in the liver means they can interact with common medications, particularly antidepressants. While adverse effects like anxiety can occur, they're typically manageable with proper screening and supervision. Understanding these interactions helps ensure safe therapeutic use.
Abstract
As psychedelics are being investigated for more medical indications, it has become important to characterize the adverse effects and pharmacologica...
The Global Psychedelic Survey: Consumer characteristics, patterns of use, and access in primarily anglophone regions around the world.
The International journal on drug policy – August 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking international survey reveals that personal growth, not recreation, is the primary motivation for psychedelic use across global regions. This comparative analysis of 6,379 adults from 85 countries found that psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA are the most commonly used substances. Usage patterns vary by region, with North Americans more likely to microdose and seek therapeutic benefits. Most users prefer legal, quality-controlled sources and practice infrequent, intentional use.
Abstract
Despite advancements in policies governing psychedelic substances globally, our understanding of real-world psychedelic use and its variations acro...
Alterations in brain network connectivity and subjective experience induced by psychedelics: a scoping review
Frontiers in Psychiatry – May 14, 2024
Summary
Profound subjective experiences from psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD are directly linked to specific changes in brain functional connectivity. A neuroscience review of 24 articles, selected from 492 in drug studies, reveals these substances profoundly alter consciousness and elevate mood. Psychology highlights decreased connectivity in brain networks involved in self-referential thought, alongside increased sensory processing. Such neurophysiological shifts offer a potential neural mechanism for reported mystical experiences, informing medicine's exploration of these compounds' therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Intense interest surrounds current research on psychedelics, particularly regarding their potential in treating mental health disorders. Various st...
Visual hallucinations originating in the retinofugal pathway under clinical and psychedelic conditions.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2024
Summary
The eye's retina may be the starting point for visual hallucinations, not just the brain as previously thought. Psychedelics like LSD affect specialized retinal cells called amacrine cells, disrupting normal visual perception before information even reaches the brain. This insight comes from studying both psychedelic experiences and rare conditions affecting the visual pathway, revealing how alterations in retinal processing can trigger vivid hallucinations.
Abstract
Psychedelics like LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) and psilocybin are known to modulate perceptual modalities due to the activation of mostly serot...
Effects of hallucinogenic drugs on the human heart
Frontiers in Pharmacology – February 02, 2024
Summary
Beyond their known central nervous system effects, hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and Psilocybin also profoundly impact heart function. Pharmacology reveals these psychedelics, often products of intricate chemical synthesis and alkaloids, stimulate serotonin receptors, influencing heart rate (chronotropic action) and contraction strength. This includes substances such as Ergotamine and other Lysergic acid derivatives. Understanding this complex chemistry is vital for medicine and drug studies, highlighting a significant neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and physiology.
Abstract
Hallucinogenic drugs are used because they have effects on the central nervous system. Their hallucinogenic effects probably occur via stimulation ...
PAM trial protocol: a randomised feasibility study of psychedelic microdosing-assisted meaning-centred psychotherapy in advanced stage cancer patients.
Pilot and feasibility studies – February 12, 2024
Summary
New research explores an innovative approach to easing end-of-life distress in advanced cancer patients by combining meaning-centered psychotherapy with low-dose psychedelics. The protocol examines whether microdosing lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) alongside therapy can help reduce anxiety and depression. This groundbreaking New Zealand study includes both indigenous and non-indigenous participants, marking a culturally inclusive approach to mental health care.
Abstract
An advanced cancer diagnosis can be associated with a significant profile of distress. Psychedelic compounds have shown clinically significant effe...
Psychedelics for alzheimer's disease-related dementia: Unveiling therapeutic possibilities and pathways
Ageing Research Reviews – February 01, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding in Neuroscience reveals psychedelics like Psilocybin, DMT, and LSD hold significant promise for treating Alzheimer's disease, a devastating form of dementia. These powerful chemical compounds, with a rich historical context, modulate neurotransmitter receptors to enhance neural plasticity and combat disease progression. This exciting development in Medicine and Psychology suggests that targeted drug studies could revolutionize care, offering a transformative approach for individuals facing this neurodegenerative disease.
Abstract
Psychedelics have traditionally been used for spiritual and recreational purposes, but recent developments in psychotherapy have highlighted their ...
The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment.
Current neuropharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking research reveals promising results in treating PTSD with psychedelics. Clinical trials show substances like psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine can significantly reduce trauma symptoms when combined with therapy. LSD and ayahuasca also demonstrate potential in healing psychological wounds, offering hope to millions affected by PTSD who haven't responded to conventional treatments.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can occur following exposure to a traumatic experience. An estimated 12 mil...