1269 results for "Set and Setting"
Supplementary file 2_Improved mental health outcomes and normalised spontaneous EEG activity in veterans reporting a history of traumatic brain injuries following participation in a psilocybin retreat.docx
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – August 06, 2025
Summary
Veterans with traumatic brain injuries experienced profound mental health improvements following psilocybin retreats. Among 21 participants, clinical depression scores decreased by 65%, PTSD by 50%, and anxiety by 28%. This positions psilocybin as a promising tool in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology for addressing mental illness. Electroencephalography revealed brain changes suggesting enhanced neuroplasticity and improved neural communication, offering a new frontier in Medicine. These significant psychological benefits, including reduced arousal, underscore psilocybin's potential to foster well-being and alleviate complex mental health challenges.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, has shown therapeutic potential in treating mental health disorders by, amongst the many effec...
Mind the gap! Addressing unresolved aspects of abuse potential evaluation and scheduling of classic and novel psychedelic drugs
Journal of Psychopharmacology – October 16, 2025
Summary
The rapid advancement in Psychedelics and Drug Studies presents significant regulatory hurdles for new drug candidates. Assessing abuse and dependence potential is crucial before rescheduling C-I controlled substances like psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide. A proposed framework categorizes these, along with novel analogues and "grey area" psychedelics, outlining appropriate testing. This ensures proper evaluation of chemical synthesis and alkaloids for scheduling under acts like the US Controlled Substances Act, impacting Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis globally.
Abstract
Psychedelic research is progressing at breakneck speed and is creating new challenges for drug developers, regulatory authorities, and legislators....
Adverse events associated with classic psychedelics and MDMA: a real-world population-based study using the WHO pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase)
Psychiatry Research – December 29, 2025
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and MDMA (Ecstasy) carry significant risks for substance abuse and addiction, a global pharmacovigilance analysis reveals. This exploratory research on 2056 adverse effect reports (1573 MDMA, 394 LSD, 56 Psilocybin, 15 Mescaline) found psychiatric issues most common. LSD showed 215-fold increased odds for substance dependence, and MDMA 129-fold for substance use disorder, versus acetaminophen. Overdoses were rare (1.1-1.7%). This informs medicine and psychiatry on recreational drug safety, particularly for hallucinogens.
Abstract
Psychedelic use has greatly increased within clinical and recreational settings over recent years. While demonstrating a favorable safety profile w...
PSILOCYBIN STUDIES TURN A NEW LEAF
Chemical & Engineering News – July 17, 2006
Summary
A significant shift is transforming the scientific approach to psilocybin. Since 2006, the field has aimed to establish a sound scientific footing for psychedelics research. This new turn in drug studies emphasizes rigorous methodology, exploring the complex chemistry of this potent hallucinogen. The goal is to move beyond anecdotal understanding, ensuring robust data collection for psilocybin and related compounds. This commitment to scientific integrity promises to deepen our understanding of these substances.
Abstract
RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPSILOCYBIN STUDIES TURN A NEW LEAFScientists aim to set psychedelics research on a sound scientific footingIVAN AMATOCit...
Psychedelics and potential benefits in “healthy normals”: A review of the literature
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – September 01, 2019
Summary
Psychedelics, a focus of modern Drug Studies, offer profound benefits beyond treatment, enhancing well-being in healthy individuals. These powerful hallucinogens, including compounds like Mescaline, foster enduring increases in Mindfulness and Prosocial behavior. Psychology reveals they boost Openness to experience, a key Personality trait, and improve Attunement to nature, impacting social psychology. Such experiences facilitate psychotherapeutic gains by modulating neuroplasticity, suggesting deeper biochemical mechanisms at play.
Abstract
We are in the midst of a psychedelic research renaissance. With research examining the efficacy of psychedelics as a treatment for a range of menta...
What can we learn from the history of research on psychedelic drugs in the addictions?
Addiction – August 12, 2021
Summary
Early **psychedelic** **drug** **studies** in the 1950s showed promise for **addiction** treatment. One approach using LSD for alcohol dependence reported 50% of 24 patients greatly or moderately improved, describing profound psychological experiences. However, later, more controlled **drug** trials and a meta-analysis found that while initial benefits occurred up to six months, they did not persist at 12 months. **Psychiatry** and **medicine** must proceed cautiously with these powerful **compounds**, ensuring rigorous clinical trials define their role in **addiction** **psychology** to avoid past mistakes in their therapeutic use.
Abstract
The history of research on the use of psychedelic drugs to treat alcohol dependence in the 1950s and 1960s suggests the need for caution in their p...
597. ARE SIDE EFFECTS NECESSARY FOR ANTIDEPRESSIVE TREATMENT: THE PSILOCYBIN EXPERIENCE
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
A critical debate in Psychology and Medicine centers on Psilocybin and other Psychedelics. While some psychotherapists in Psychiatry believe the hallucinogen-induced "psychedelic experience" is crucial for therapeutic benefit, preclinical animal models suggest otherwise. These models demonstrate antidepressant-like actions via specific opioid and glutamatergic pathways, indicating that the profound perceptual shifts may not be necessary for efficacy. This insight from Pharmacology and Drug Studies points towards developing safer, non-hallucinogenic medications, offering therapeutic potential without the intense experiences.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psycholicibin is now studied in clinical settings. Aims & Objectives To elaborate if side effects are part of the therapeut...
Everything old is new again: are psychedelic medicines poised to take mental health by storm?
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica – October 26, 2018
Summary
A compelling storm is transforming mental health. Psychedelics, once fringe, are now central to psychiatry and psychology. Groundbreaking drug studies show psilocybin, an alkaloid, yields profound benefits. In one trial of 51 cancer patients, a single dose produced large effect size reductions in depression and anxiety, with over 50% achieving remission at 6 months. Another study with 20 patients showed 47% with treatment-resistant depression responded, 66% maintaining at 6 months. These findings highlight a unique neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offering hope for new treatments.
Abstract
Three years ago, when I accepted a position as Director of Clinical and Translational Research at Usona Institute, a non-profit medical research or...
Albert Hofmann, the Father of LSD (1906–2008)
Neuropsychobiology – January 01, 2008
Summary
Albert Hofmann first experienced the potent hallucinogen Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on April 16, 1943, after its initial synthesis in 1938. Three days later, on "Bicycle Day," he intentionally ingested it, marking a pivotal moment in Psychology. Initially hailed for psychoanalysis, offering insights into conditions like schizophrenia, LSD's perception shifted by the 1960s. This compound, central to Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology, moved from therapeutic promise to a symbol of spiritual exploration, embodying a fascinating Social Critique.
Abstract
to experience 'an extremely stimulated imagination' caused by an accidental ingestion of LSD.Three days later, on April 19, 1943, he decided to ver...
EFEITOS PSICOLÓGICOS DA PSILOCIBINA EM PORTADORES DE CÂNCER TERMINAL: Uma revisão de escopo
Psicologia e Saúde em Debate – January 10, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a natural hallucinogen, significantly reduces anxiety and depression in terminal cancer patients. A review of scientific literature, analyzing 9 articles from an initial 340, consistently points to its effectiveness. This substance, relevant to medicine, psychiatry, and clinical psychology, is well-tolerated under psychotherapist guidance. Its potential within psychology and mental health, particularly in psychedelics and drug studies, offers a promising therapeutic avenue. Diverse academic research themes are exploring these applications.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a natural substance with hallucinogenic properties that has recently been used in the field of health. It is an alkaloid that, when a...
Mind the Psychedelic Hype: Characterizing the Risks and Benefits of Psychedelics for Depression
Psychoactives – April 16, 2024
Summary
Misinformation often overstates the unique therapeutic benefits of psychedelics like psilocybin for mood disorders. While current clinical psychology and psychiatry show immense interest, historical drug studies indicate treatments like CBT and SSRIs often reveal decreasing effect sizes in larger trials. Future psychedelic research will likely demonstrate smaller effect sizes, making them comparable to existing options. Clear communication is vital for psychotherapists and patients to cut through hype, ensuring realistic expectations.
Abstract
Rationale: Psychedelic research re-emerged from a period of suppression into the so-called psychedelic renaissance. In parallel, most media reporti...
Psychedelics for Psychiatric Disorders: More Research Needed
Psychiatric News – April 13, 2020
Summary
Breakthrough status from the FDA highlights the medical potential of psychedelics like psilocybin for depression and MDMA for PTSD. These hallucinogens, including Lysergic acid diethylamide and Ayahuasca, are transforming Psychiatry and Psychology. Placebo-controlled trials show psilocybin's efficacy for depression and MDMA's for PTSD. However, Drug Studies on these four agents are hampered by Schedule I classification and limited federal funding, despite strong evidence suggesting their role in future Medicine. Standardized protocols are crucial for advancing this promising field.
Abstract
Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Clinical & ResearchFull AccessPsychedelics for Psychiatric Disorders: More Research NeededN...
PSD-95 Is Essential for Hallucinogen and Atypical Antipsychotic Drug Actions at Serotonin Receptors
Journal of Neuroscience – June 03, 2009
Summary
PSD-95, known for regulating ionotropic glutamate signaling at the postsynaptic density, surprisingly modulates serotonergic 5-HT2A metabotropic receptor function, crucial for hallucinogen and antipsychotic actions. PSD-95 is essential for normal 5-HT receptor expression; without it, 5-HT2A-mediated responses are abnormal. This neuroscience and neuropharmacology research expands understanding of receptor mechanisms and signaling in cell biology and pharmacology, impacting postsynaptic potential, long-term depression, and related biology, chemistry, and metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Abstract
Here, we report that postsynaptic density protein of 95 kDa (PSD-95), a postsynaptic density scaffolding protein, classically conceptualized as bei...
A framework for assessment of adverse events occurring in psychedelic-assisted therapies
Journal of Psychopharmacology – July 31, 2024
Summary
Fifty-four potential adverse effects in psychedelic-assisted therapies (PATs) were identified, revealing significant gaps in current assessment protocols. A multidisciplinary approach, involving experts in clinical psychology and medicine, developed a new framework. This protocol accounts for the unique psychosocial impacts and post-dosing experiences of psychedelics, moving beyond standard pharmacotherapy assessments. It recommends comprehensive monitoring of adverse effects from preparation through follow-up, ensuring better patient safety in these emerging drug studies. This framework improves how we understand the full spectrum of effects from these powerful substances.
Abstract
Objective: Despite considerable research examining the efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapies (PATs) for treating psychiatric disorders, assess...
Altered States of Consciousness During Ceremonial San Pedro Use
International Journal for the Psychology of Religion – December 05, 2022
Summary
Two-thirds of participants experienced a complete mystical state during San Pedro ceremonies, a powerful psychedelic. Forty-two individuals in these retreats showed profound altered states of consciousness across 11 dimensions, alongside moderate ego-dissolution. This cross-cultural social psychology investigation highlights how spiritual experiences, akin to shamanic trance, are strongly expressed, revealing the profound magic of such journeys. While biochemical analysis points to alkaloid effects, experiences featured low anxiety but higher physical distress or grief, advancing our psychoanalysis and drug studies understanding of consciousness.
Abstract
San Pedro, a mescaline containing cactus, has been used for thousands of years and is currently popular as a psychedelic substance in ceremonial re...
An Encounter With the Other: A Thematic and Content Analysis of DMT Experiences From a Naturalistic Field Study
Frontiers in Psychology – December 16, 2021
Summary
Nearly all DMT users (94%) encounter "beings" and all (100%) experience "other worlds." This naturalistic field study, a first for Psychology, involved 36 participants (83% Caucasian males) inhaling 40-75 mg DMT at home. Immediate in-depth interviews allowed for thematic analysis and content analysis, revealing profound, intense experiences. This applied psychology insight into Psychedelics and Drug Studies, touching on cognitive and social psychology, details entities' roles and immersive scenes. Such naturalism in observation resonates with paranormal experiences and spiritual practices.
Abstract
Introduction: N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an endogenous serotonergic psychedelic capable of producing radical shifts in conscious experience. I...
Untersuchungen zur Biosynthese von Indolalkaloiden aus den Basidiomyceten der Gattung Psilocybe
Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek – January 01, 2020
Summary
A striking finding reveals Psilocybe fungi simultaneously produce psilocybin, a potent psychedelic, and β-carbolines. This biochemistry suggests synergistic effects, potentially enhancing psilocybin's impact by inhibiting a key enzyme. Uncovering the psilocybin biosynthesis gene cluster was crucial. This biological insight into fungal chemistry, a field yielding diverse compounds from lantibiotics to psychedelics, enabled laboratory production of psilocybin and novel alkaloid analogues, like 6-methylpsilocybin, through enzyme-driven chemical synthesis for drug development.
Abstract
The goal of this doctoral thesis was the close examination of the biosynthesis of different indole alkaloides produced by different species of the ...
A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression
OpenAlex – January 27, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduced severe depression in a rigorous randomized controlled trial. Among 29 patients with treatment-resistant depression, a single dose of Ayahuasca showed marked antidepressant effects compared to a Placebo. Psychology and Psychiatry professionals observed increasing benefits, with effect sizes reaching 1.49 by day seven. This medicine, studied in internal medicine and drug studies, led to a 64% response rate versus 27% for placebo, offering new hope for complex depression cases. Such psychedelics influence neurotransmitter receptors, like those involving tryptophan, potentially reshaping mental health treatment.
Abstract
Abstract Recent open label trials show that psychedelics, such as ayahuasca, hold promise as fast-onset antidepressants in treatment-resistant depr...
Trips and Neurotransmitters: Discovering Principled Patterns across 6,850 Hallucinogenic Experiences
OpenAlex – July 14, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics dramatically alter consciousness, often causing ego-dissolution. Neuroscience reveals these hallucinogen-induced experiences, analyzed from 6,850 testimonials across 27 drugs, link directly to specific neurotransmitter receptor distributions in the brain. Cognitive psychology shows ego-dissolution correlates with 5-HT2A, D2, KOR, and NMDA receptors, spanning both the visual cortex and higher-order associative areas. This work in cognitive science, a key part of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, connects subjective experiences to the sensory system, offering new insights into drug influence on behavior.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Psychedelics are thought to alter states of consciousness by disrupting how the higher association cortex governs bottom-up sensory signal...
Pholiotina cyanopus, a rare fungus producingpsychoactive tryptamines
Open Life Sciences – November 19, 2014
Summary
A potent psychedelic mushroom, *Pholiotina cyanopus*, contains an impressive 0.90% psilocybin by dry weight. This discovery, rooted in detailed botany and chemistry, highlights its significance for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Analyses of its basidiocarp revealed a complex array of tryptamines, including 0.17% psilocin and 0.16% baeocystin. Crucially, chemical synthesis and alkaloids analysis also identified norbaeocystin (0.053%) and aeruginascin (0.011%) for the first time in this species, expanding our understanding of its unique biology and forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Abstract Pholiotina cyanopus was collected from wood chips and other woody remnants of undetermined tree species. Its basidiomata were found in Jun...
Interview with Allen Kalpin and Reiko Ikemoto-Joseph: psychedelics and ISTDP
Journal of Contemporary ISTDP – March 14, 2025
Summary
A profound shift in mental healthcare is imminent. MDMA, a psychedelic drug, is expected to be prescribable for PTSD by late 2024, representing a major milestone in Drug Studies. This development, alongside large-scale psilocybin trials, promises new therapeutic frontiers in Psychology. Practitioners with a background in Psychoanalysis are exploring how these substances, including ketamine, can facilitate "breakthrough experiences" and unleash patients' inner healing intelligence. Two prominent therapists offer first-person perspectives on integrating these powerful tools into contemporary practice.
Abstract
Psychedelic science is growing at a rapid pace, and as evidence accrues, we will most likely see authorization of the use of substances such as psi...
Additive Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and Compassionate Imagery on Self-Compassion in Recreational Users of Ecstasy
Mindfulness – November 04, 2017
Summary
Ecstasy (MDMA) and compassionate imagery, a technique from Psychology, together profoundly increase self-compassion. In a study of 20 participants, both MDMA and compassionate imagery separately boosted feelings of self-compassion and emotional empathy, with their effects on self-compassion being additive. This suggests a powerful synergy for promoting prosocial behavior towards oneself. Such findings from Psychedelics and Drug Studies offer promising avenues for Clinical psychology, potentially informing new treatment approaches for anxiety, depression, and other conditions by enhancing cognitive processes and fostering compassion through mindfulness interventions.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA;'ecstasy') produces prosocial subjective effects that may extend to affiliative feelings towards the self...
Culturally informed research design issues in a study for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – July 30, 2019
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy offers profound potential for treating PTSD. Yet, past Psychedelics and Drug Studies have largely excluded people of color. To address this, a clinical psychology site initiated a Phase 2 study, prioritizing culturally informed care for ethnic groups. Psychotherapists focused on cultural competence, designing accessible informed consent, and engaging in community outreach. This approach emphasized cultural humility, validating racial trauma experiences. Ensuring diverse access to MDMA therapy, and training psychotherapists of color, is vital for future trials.
Abstract
Recent research suggests that psychedelic drugs can be powerful agents of change when utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy. Methylenedioxymet...
Positionspapier zu Psychedelika assistierter Therapie von Abhängigkeitserkrankungen der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Suchttherapie
SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice – December 01, 2025
Summary
The Swiss Society of Addiction Medicine (SSAM) has taken a bold stance, supporting psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAT) as a viable treatment for addiction. This includes classic psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin, and ketamine, especially when conventional treatments prove inadequate. SSAM also champions an evidence-based debate on legalizing and regulating substances such as LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA in Switzerland. This covers both therapeutic and non-medical uses, aiming to minimize harm and provide access to safe, quality-controlled substances.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Suchtmedizin (SSAM) setzt sich für die wissenschaftlich fundierte und patientenor...
Exploring Microdosing Psychedelics as a Self-Managed Treatment for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Qualitative Study
OpenAlex – July 25, 2025
Summary
All 14 individuals interviewed about managing Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) reported benefits from microdosing psilocybin. This qualitative research, exploring experiences from a clinical psychology and psychiatry perspective, revealed striking positive outcomes. People are self-medicating with psychedelics, often without psychotherapist guidance, to alleviate severe PMDD symptoms. While regimen varied, every participant found relief. This area of Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggests a potential for new treatments, inspiring future investigations akin to herbal medicine research studies.
Abstract
Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe mood disorder characterised by depression, irritability, mood lability, anxiety and ...
Study protocol for “MDMA-assisted therapy as a treatment for major depressive disorder: A proof of principle study”
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 26, 2022
Summary
New hope emerges for Major depressive disorder, a debilitating brain disorder. A clinical trial is investigating MDMA-assisted therapy as a potential new medicine. Twelve participants will undergo MDMA dosing over two sessions, integrated with psychological support. This open-label trial in psychiatry assesses safety, including potential adverse effects, and gathers initial insights into effectiveness, aiming to inform future assessments of overall clinical impression. This work contributes to the growing field of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a world-leading cause of disability. The available treatments are not effective in all patients, and ...
Et psykoanalytisk og et postmoderne perspektiv på selv/egoopløsning i en psykedelisk kontekst
OpenAlex – January 04, 2023
Summary
A compelling finding from empirical research on self-dissolution during psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy is a profound feeling of connection. A systematic review of 10 qualitative studies reveals subjects often report a stronger feeling of essence and altered bodily experiences, despite challenging moments, leading to blissful outcomes. This phenomenon, central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, is explored through Psychoanalytic theory, analyzing intra- and intersubjective processes. Another psychological perspective examines the influence of the therapeutic context on the subject's experience, providing insights for Mental Health and Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications, enriching our understanding of the human psyche.
Abstract
Self or ego dissolution (SED) is a recurring, yet vaguely defined phenomenon often associated with positive therapeutic outcomes within clinical re...
A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Ketamine vs. Electroconvulsive Therapy in Severe Depression with Suicidal Ideation.
Neuropsychobiology – February 05, 2026
Summary
Ketamine rapidly reduces suicidal thoughts, offering a promising acute intervention for severe depression. A trial of 64 patients found 31 receiving ketamine and 33 receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) over two weeks. Ketamine lowered suicidal ideation scores from 12.6 to 2.0, while ECT reduced them from 12.1 to 1.2. Both treatments significantly improved depression severity, with scores dropping from around 27 to 1-2. Ketamine acted faster; ECT showed slightly greater durability. Both were effective and safe, with mild side effects.
Abstract
Severe depressive episodes with suicidal ideation present major therapeutic challenges and often require interventions beyond standard antidepressa...
Ketamine as primary anesthetic for upper limb trauma during war: a case series of 100 surgeries at Rafik Hariri University Hospital, Lebanon's National War Trauma Referral Center.
Future science OA – December 01, 2026
preprint
Summary
Following the Beirut pager explosions, trauma anesthesia at RHUH for 100 amputation surgeries dramatically improved with ketamine. Initially, opioid-based care led to 18 respiratory complications and 65% postoperative opioid use. After ketamine's introduction for mass casualty patients, pain scores dropped from 7.8 to 3.2, respiratory complications became zero, and only 5% required postoperative opioids. This opioid-sparing approach, crucial for conflict medicine, maintained stable blood pressure in 94% of patients, highlighting ketamine's effectiveness.
Abstract
The Beirut pager explosions on September 17, 2024 resulted in mass casualties with severe upper limb trauma admitted to Rafik Hariri University Hos...
Grayken lessons: a multidisciplinary approach to care for a patient with severe ketamine use disorder.
Addiction science & clinical practice – February 04, 2026
Summary
A young woman with severe ketamine use disorder, linked to PTSD, developed two serious complications: gastrointestinal toxicity and uropathy. Her case underscores the urgent need for US healthcare providers to recognize non-medical ketamine use. Informed by UK best practices for club drugs, a multidisciplinary care plan offered harm reduction, integrating specialist referrals and mental health support. This approach, crucial for addressing substance use disorder, enabled significant ketamine reduction. It models the comprehensive multidisciplinary care needed for individuals struggling with ketamine and other club drugs.
Abstract
Non-medical ketamine use is becoming increasingly common in the United States (US), but awareness remains limited among US healthcare providers. He...
Systematic review and meta-analysis of intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: Evidence from real-world studies.
Journal of affective disorders – January 28, 2026
Summary
Patients with treatment-resistant depression were five times more likely to achieve remission with Intranasal esketamine. A systematic review and meta-analysis of nine studies synthesized real-world evidence, demonstrating substantial effectiveness (effect size of -1.98) in reducing symptoms. While 82% experienced adverse events, with dissociation in 49%, these findings highlight esketamine’s meaningful impact. This meta-analysis offers valuable insights into Intranasal esketamine's real-world effectiveness for treatment-resistant depression.
Abstract
Intranasal esketamine has demonstrated efficacy and safety for treatment-resistant depression in randomized controlled trials, however the generali...
Pharmacological interventions for alcohol use disorder: novel insights from recent clinical trials.
Expert review of clinical pharmacology – February 03, 2026
Summary
27.1 million US adults live with alcohol use disorder, yet current medications offer mixed results. A paradigm shift is crucial, embracing precision medicine to tailor pharmacotherapy by identifying individuals most responsive to specific treatments. New pharmacological agents are also emerging, including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, classic psychedelics, and immune modulators. This move away from a 'one size fits all' approach promises improved outcomes and cost-effectiveness, necessitating changes in healthcare systems to integrate these advanced strategies for alcohol use disorder.
Abstract
27.1 million adults in the United States have alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, current medications for AUD have mixed efficacy. As such, a shif...
Evaluation of 1cp-LSD for Enhancing Welfare in Shelter Dogs: A Randomized Blind Trial with Ethological Intervention.
Veterinary sciences – January 19, 2026
Summary
Combining low-dose 1-cyclopropionyl lysergic acid diethylamide, a psychedelic prodrug of lysergic acid diethylamide, with ethological intervention significantly improves shelter dogs' welfare. Among 20 shelter dogs, this integrated approach consistently enhanced animal behavior, fostering greater sociability, calmness, and positive emotional reactivity. These benefits persisted for three weeks post-treatment, offering a promising new strategy rooted in ethology for improving animal welfare in stressful shelter environments.
Abstract
Shelter environments frequently expose dogs to chronic stress and anxiety, which can compromise their welfare and reduce their chances of adoption....
Ketamine in Diabetes Care: Metabolic Insights and Clinical Applications.
Pharmaceutics – January 08, 2026
Summary
Ketamine and esketamine show promise for refractory depression and diabetic neuropathy, offering rapid antidepressant and pain relief. Evidence from 11 studies, including four human case reports, suggests short-term improvements. However, drug interactions, particularly involving CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 enzymes, and the impact of diabetes mellitus on drug exposure–response are complex. Understanding population pharmacokinetics (popPK) and PK-PD relationships is crucial. Future model-informed precision dosing requires quantifying variability and glycemic risks to safely utilize ketamine for patients with diabetic neuropathy.
Abstract
Background: Depression and diabetic neuropathy (DN) commonly complicate diabetes and impair glycemic control and quality of life. Ketamine and its ...
The CAnadian Network for Psychedelic-Assisted Cancer Therapy (CAN-PACT): A Multi-Phase Program Overview.
Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) – December 22, 2025
Summary
A compelling new initiative, CAN-PACT, launched in 2025 to transform supportive care for Canadians with cancer. With six major objectives, this network will conduct multi-center, randomized controlled clinical trials on psilocybin and other psychedelics. Their patient-oriented research addresses profound demoralization and fear of death and dying, aiming to establish safe, evidence-based psychedelic-assisted therapy. The program will train clinicians and inform healthcare policy, ensuring equitable access for individuals with advanced cancer experiencing severe psychosocial distress.
Abstract
The CAnadian Network for Psychedelic-Assisted Cancer Therapy (CAN-PACT) was launched in 2025 to address urgent gaps in supportive care for Canadian...
Real-world comparison of intranasal racemic ketamine and esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: A retrospective observational study.
Journal of affective disorders – January 21, 2026
Summary
For individuals battling Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), Intranasal racemic ketamine appears as effective as Esketamine for symptom reduction. A study of 76 patients with MDD found both treatments significantly improved depression scores. Racemic ketamine reduced scores by 10.0 points, while Esketamine achieved a 9.3-point reduction, meeting non-inferiority criteria. However, Esketamine led to higher remission rates (38.7% vs. 15.6%). This suggests racemic ketamine is a viable option for managing MDD symptoms, but Esketamine might offer a greater chance of full remission.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) imposes major individual and societal burden, with few therapeutic options. Intranasal esketamine is approved ...
Engagement With Meditation Apps: Cross-Sectional Survey of Use and Associations.
Journal of medical Internet research – February 02, 2026
Summary
Most individuals who download meditation apps engage minimally. A survey of 536 recent meditation app users reveals crucial insights into digital mental health intervention engagement. Users exhibiting greater readiness for behavior change, higher education levels, and more openness to new experiences showed increased app engagement. Higher perceived app quality and expectations for sleep also predicted more consistent use of these mindfulness tools. This highlights factors driving sustained interaction with meditation apps.
Abstract
Meditation apps are increasingly popular, yet there is limited understanding of how much users actually engage with them. While meditation apps sho...
Metaphoric and Gestural Descriptions of Out-of-Body Experiences by Persian Subjects.
Omega – January 31, 2026
Summary
When recounting a normally-impossible out-of-body experience (OBE) event, individuals overwhelmingly employ metaphorical language and gestures, far more than literal descriptions. This contrasts sharply with how a normally-possible OBE event is described. Such profound events, often akin to a near-death experience, compel a deeply metaphorical communication style. The sheer impossibility, emotional weight, and extremeness of these normally-impossible OBE events are key factors driving the active use of both verbal and gestural metaphors to convey the ineffable.
Abstract
The phenomena of out-of-body experience (OBE) and near-death experience (NDE) have attracted increasing research interest. In this study, we used a...
Improving Mental Health, Self-Efficacy and Social Support in Older People Through Community Intervention Based on Mindfulness: A Quasi-Experimental Study.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) – January 16, 2026
Summary
A seven-week mindfulness program significantly reduced depression and boosted self-efficacy in 257 aged individuals. This public health intervention improved mental health, including chronic disease self-management self-efficacy, for older people. Participants experienced enhanced general, physical activity, and nutritional self-efficacy, contributing to better self-management. While perceived social support increased within the group, between-group differences were not significant. This highlights mindfulness's strong potential for improving mental health and self-efficacy among older adults.
Abstract
Background: Aging is a complex process that involves various biological, psychological and social changes. Moreover, older people (≥65 years) are m...
Mind the Motion: Feasibility and Effects of a Qigong Intervention on Interoception and Well-Being in Young Adults.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) – January 13, 2026
Summary
A 12-week Qigong program improved psychological well-being among university students. Of 332 young adults who enrolled, 114 completed the contemplative practice, demonstrating consistent improvements in mindfulness, interoception, and emotion regulation. This mind-body intervention, which integrates gentle movements and breathwork, proved highly feasible. It suggests Qigong offers a promising, low-cost path to enhanced mental health for young adults, effectively fostering mind-body awareness and improving various aspects of psychological well-being.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The present exploratory study evaluates the feasibility and psychological effects of a structured Qigong intervention implem...
[Clinical application and mechanistic studies of psychedelics for treatment of depression: progress and future challenges].
Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University – January 20, 2026
Summary
A compelling new approach to depression treatment is emerging: **psychedelic**s. **Psilocybin**, for instance, demonstrates rapid, robust, and sustained **antidepressant** effects, even for treatment-resistant cases. These compounds remarkably enhance brain **neuroplasticity**, creating a critical therapeutic "window." While precise mechanisms are still being elucidated, the **5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A** pathway is a central focus. This offers a unique, fast-acting intervention for a prevalent global disorder, moving beyond the limitations of current medications.
Abstract
Depression is a complex and globally prevalent mental disorder, for which conventional antidepressant medications face limitations such as delayed ...
Associations between substance use treatment and ketamine use: A hypothesis-generating analysis.
Addictive behaviors reports – June 01, 2026
preprint
Summary
Individuals receiving drug treatment for a Substance Use Disorder are significantly more likely to report ketamine use. Among 173,808 participants, 1.39% of those in treatment used ketamine, compared to just 0.22% not in treatment. This hallucinogen's use was over twice as likely for those with alcohol or opioid SUD, and five times more likely for methamphetamine or inhalant SUD. This pattern, extending to prescription misuse, highlights a critical public health policy concern requiring attention in drug treatment programs.
Abstract
Ketamine is increasingly used in clinical settings for mental health and pain management, yet its misuse poses public health risks. While prior stu...
Traditional Knowledge and Therapeutic Application of Chiric Sanango (Brunfelsia grandiflora) in an Amazonian Rehabilitation Center.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 15, 2026
Summary
The psychoactive plant *Brunfelsia grandiflora*, or chiric sanango, significantly aids mental health and addiction treatment, according to an analysis of 74 patient case reports. Integrated as plant medicine within therapeutic diets, it fosters deep introspection and emotional processing. Patients frequently reported shifting from distressing emotions to states of clarity and resilience. While inducing physical sensations like numbness, chiric sanango enhances social engagement, underscoring its potential as an adjunct in addiction treatment and for overall psychological well-being.
Abstract
The use of traditional medicinal plants in therapeutic settings has gained increasing attention for their potential in mental health and addiction ...
Hallucinogenic activity, neurotransmitters release, anxiolytic and neurotoxic effects in Rat's brain following repeated administration of novel psychoactive compound 25B-NBOMe.
Neuropharmacology – December 01, 2023
Summary
Even a 7-day treatment with 0.3 mg/kg 25B-NBOMe rapidly diminishes its hallucinogenic activity, with responses drastically dropping after two days. Yet, this potent drug induces genotoxicity, damaging DNA in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. While not reducing neuronal cell number, an increase in glial cells appears in cortical regions. It also alters neurotransmitter release, and its impact on anxiety varies, sometimes inducing anxiogenic effects. These findings reveal the complex risks of 25B-NBOMe.
Abstract
2-(4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)etanoamine (25B-NBOMe) is a highly selective 5-HT2A receptor agonist, exhibiting a potent halluc...
Comparative Analysis and Structure Identification of Oxidative Metabolites and Hydrogenation Metabolite Enantiomers for 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine.
Journal of analytical toxicology – May 19, 2023
Summary
The body's processing of the synthetic drug 2-fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) is now comprehensively understood. A detailed analysis identified 17 distinct breakdown products, grouped into four categories, precisely mapping where chemical modifications occur. Furthermore, two specific molecular forms of dihydro-2-FDCK were characterized, revealing their exact structures and how enzymes selectively process them. This work offers a foundational reference for understanding how the body metabolizes ketamine-type designer drugs, proving invaluable for forensic toxicology and the identification of new psychoactive substances.
Abstract
In this study, we used solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography-ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-MS) to analyze 2-fluo...
The First Fatal Intoxication with 3-MeO-PCP in the UK and a Review of the Literature.
Journal of analytical toxicology – May 20, 2022
Summary
A potent hallucinogen, 3-MeO-PCP, has caused its first reported UK fatality attributed solely to the drug, adding to 15 global intoxication deaths. Previously, only one of those fatalities was solely due to 3-MeO-PCP. This new case suggests exercise may worsen its toxicity, prompting caution against its use as a "club drug" where heart rate and body temperature rise. The UN designated 3-MeO-PCP a Schedule II substance in April 2021, recognizing its significant dangers.
Abstract
The phencyclidine derivative 3-methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) is a potent dissociative hallucinogen. Sought for recreational use as a novel psych...
Structure identification and analysis of the suspected chemical precursor of 2-fluorodeschloroketamine and its decomposition products.
Drug testing and analysis – June 01, 2022
Summary
The precursor to the illicit drug 2-FDCK, 2-fluorodeschlorohydroxylimine, breaks down into two distinct α-hydroxyl ketones. An advanced analytical method, involving GC-MS and NMR, revealed its complete fragmentation and decomposition pathway. In protic solvents, this compound undergoes hydrolysis, forming a carbon cation that yields the two major decomposition products. Precise structural identification of these products and the precursor's breakdown mechanisms provides crucial insights for forensic analysis, even after samples have degraded.
Abstract
In this work, 1-[(2″-fluorophenyl)(methylimino)methyl]cyclopentan-1-ol (2-fluorodeschlorohydroxylimine) was identified as a suspected chemical prec...
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)
CrossRef
Summary
A recent clinical trial shows the psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT, found in Sonoran Desert toad venom, rapidly reduced severe depression. An impressive 57.5% of participants with treatment-resistant depression remitted within eight days. This ultra-short-acting compound shows promise for psychiatric conditions. While current evidence is encouraging, from trials with up to 193 participants, further investigation in larger clinical trials will clarify its long-term benefits.
Abstract
Background: 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), also officially known as Mebufotenin, is a naturally occurring serotonergic psychedelic a...
Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Comprehensive Insight of Ketamine Infusion Therapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
Annals of Punjab Medical College – December 31, 2024
Summary
New hope emerges for treatment-resistant depression, with effective alternative therapies showing promise. A systematic review of 80 studies, comprising 55 clinical trials, 10 meta-analyses, and 10 systematic reviews, highlights significant clinical improvements from ketamine infusion therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. Ketamine and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, in particular, offer compelling advancements, providing substantial relief for patients who haven't responded to traditional treatments.
Abstract
Background: The phenomenon of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a problem in the sphere of mental health treatment since the majority of...
Microdosing with psilocybin mushrooms: a double-blind placebo-controlled study
Translational Psychiatry – August 02, 2022
Summary
Low doses of psilocybin mushrooms can produce noticeable subjective effects, yet they may not enhance creativity or cognitive function. In a study with 34 participants, those who received 0.5 g of dried mushrooms reported significantly more intense experiences than those on a placebo—only if they identified their condition correctly. EEG analysis revealed reduced theta band power but no substantial cognitive improvements; instead, some individuals exhibited slight cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that expectations might drive the perceived benefits of microdosing rather than the substance itself.
Abstract
Abstract The use of low sub-perceptual doses of psychedelics (“microdosing”) has gained popularity in recent years. Although anecdotal reports clai...
LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease: A qualitative study of acute and sustained subjective effects
Journal of Psychopharmacology – November 11, 2014
Summary
LSD-assisted psychotherapy shows remarkable potential for patients facing anxiety due to life-threatening illnesses. In a follow-up with 10 participants one year post-therapy, 77.8% reported reduced anxiety and 66.7% experienced improved quality of life. None had lasting adverse effects. Interviews revealed profound emotional insights and shifts in perspective, suggesting that LSD fosters emotional access and confronts underlying fears. These findings highlight the promise of psychedelics in clinical psychology, particularly for enhancing mental health and well-being in challenging situations.
Abstract
Objective: A recently published study showed the safety and efficacy of LSD-assisted psychotherapy in patients with anxiety associated with life-th...
LSD Revisited
Archives of General Psychiatry – January 01, 1971
Summary
A significant 23% of 247 individuals who experienced d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reported ongoing nonmedical use, citing personality changes attributed to the drug. However, overall evidence indicated minimal lasting alterations in personality, beliefs, or behaviors for the group. Interestingly, compulsive use patterns were rare; LSD's effects tended to diminish with repeated use, leading to a self-limiting experience. These findings shed light on the complex relationship between psychedelics and personality within clinical psychology and behavioral health contexts.
Abstract
A follow-up survey of 247 persons who received d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in either an experimental (nonmedical) or Psychotherapeutic setti...
Chronic Users of LSD: The "Acidheads"
American Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1968
Summary
Chronic LSD users exhibit unique psychological traits, including a strong inclination towards magical-mystical beliefs and nonaggressive attitudes. In a study involving 21 paid volunteers, interviews and cognitive tests revealed that these individuals demonstrated heightened sensitivity to specific sensory stimuli. The findings suggest that their distinctive beliefs and attitudes may develop as learned responses from frequent, intense psychedelic experiences. This highlights the interplay between cognition, perception, and altered states of consciousness, potentially reshaping understanding in clinical psychology and the effects of psychedelics on human experience.
Abstract
Twenty-one paid volunteers who were chronic users of LSD were interviewed and participated in a series of cognitive and perceptual tests and EEG st...
Safety and Efficacy of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide-Assisted Psychotherapy for Anxiety Associated With Life-threatening Diseases
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – March 04, 2014
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly reduced anxiety in 12 patients facing life-threatening illnesses. The study included two LSD-assisted psychotherapy sessions, with 200 μg administered to eight participants and a crossover for four. At the two-month follow-up, trait anxiety decreased by an impressive 1.1 effect size, while state anxiety saw a 1.2 effect size reduction. Notably, no adverse effects lasted beyond one day post-treatment, and reductions in anxiety were sustained for up to 12 months, highlighting the potential of psychedelics in clinical psychology.
Abstract
A double-blind, randomized, active placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted to examine safety and efficacy of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-...
LSD and Chromosomes
JAMA – November 03, 1969
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) shows no evidence of damaging human chromosomes. In a controlled double-blind study involving 32 patients and five black-market users, lymphocyte chromosomes were analyzed before and after LSD administration, revealing consistent chromosomal aberration rates. Additionally, a follow-up with eight previous LSD subjects corroborated these findings. The results suggest that LSD does not affect DNA methylation or epigenetic mechanisms related to neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, providing insights relevant to diet and metabolism studies in therapeutic contexts.
Abstract
The chromosomes of lymphocytes were studied in 32 patients before and after they took lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as part of double-blind, con...
Effects of psilocybin microdosing on awe and aesthetic experiences: a preregistered field and lab-based study
Psychopharmacology – April 30, 2021
Summary
Participants in a study on psilocybin microdosing reported significantly heightened feelings of awe when exposed to engaging videos and abstract artworks. Out of 60 individuals, those who microdosed experienced a 30% increase in awe compared to the placebo group. However, nearly two-thirds of participants guessed their condition, indicating potential expectancy effects influencing their perceptions. This suggests that while psychedelics like psilocybin may enhance sensory experiences, expectations could play a crucial role in shaping these subjective benefits.
Abstract
Abstract There is an increased societal trend to engage in microdosing, in which small sub-hallucinogenic amounts of psychedelics are consumed on a...
Prolonged Adverse Reactions to LSD in Psychotic Subjects
Archives of General Psychiatry – November 01, 1966
Summary
A concerning 40% of individuals who experienced prolonged effects from lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reported symptoms lasting from one week to two years. While the acute experience is typically short-lived, some subjects encountered persistent psychotic episodes and severe depression, leading to suicide attempts. The rising abuse of LSD has heightened fears surrounding its adverse effects, prompting pharmaceutical companies to withdraw investigational supplies. This trend reflects a growing public concern about the potential long-term psychological consequences associated with hallucinogen use.
Abstract
THE INCREASED abuse of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has aroused popular concern for its complications and has led the leading pharmaceutical ma...
LSD and ketanserin and their impact on the human autonomic nervous system
Psychophysiology – March 27, 2021
Summary
LSD significantly boosts sympathetic nervous system activity, while the serotonin 2A receptor antagonist ketanserin enhances parasympathetic tone. In a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial involving 30 participants, heart rate variability (HRV) measures revealed that increased sympathetic activity correlated positively with psychedelic effects of LSD, whereas higher parasympathetic activity showed a negative correlation. Interestingly, HRV after placebo predicted subjective experiences post-LSD. These findings suggest that autonomic nervous system responses might serve as biomarkers for the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in mental health treatment.
Abstract
Abstract The interest in lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has sparked again due to its supposed positive effects on psychopathological conditions. ...
Adolescent and adult time trends in US hallucinogen use, 2002–19: any use, and use of ecstasy, LSD and PCP
Addiction – August 17, 2022
Summary
Hallucinogen use among adults aged 26 and older has surged, with over 3 million now engaging in these substances. From 2002 to 2019, overall hallucinogen use rose significantly, particularly for LSD, which saw a 71% increase across all age groups. Conversely, adolescent use dropped sharply, with a 1.6% decline noted from 2002 to 2014. Ecstasy usage also decreased among young adults, while phencyclidine (PCP) use fell across all demographics. These trends highlight a shifting landscape in hallucinogen consumption in the U.S.
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims Hallucinogen use is potentially harmful. Information on whether such use has increased in recent decades is lacking. T...
LSD and chromosomes. A controlled experiment
JAMA – November 03, 1969
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) does not appear to damage human chromosomes. In a double-blind study involving 32 patients, no significant difference was observed in chromosomal aberration rates before and after LSD administration. Additionally, five volunteers who used black-market LSD showed similar results. A follow-up study with eight subjects previously exposed to LSD also confirmed these findings. Overall, the evidence suggests that pure LSD does not adversely affect lymphocyte chromosomes, providing insights into its safety profile in psychotherapy contexts.
Abstract
The chromosomes of lymphocytes were studied in 32 patients before and after they took lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as part of double-blind, con...