1269 results for "Set and Setting"
An online survey of tobacco smoking cessation associated with naturalistic psychedelic use
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 18, 2017
Summary
Nearly 40% of individuals achieved continuous smoking cessation after a single psychedelic experience, suggesting a novel approach in clinical psychology. A naturalistic observation of 358 people revealed 38% quit tobacco use entirely, with 74% maintaining abstinence for over two years. Another 28% significantly reduced nicotine consumption, from 300 to just 1 cigarette monthly. These findings indicate psychedelics may aid smoking cessation by altering life priorities and improving emotional regulation, representing a promising avenue in medicine and psychiatry for addiction treatment.
Abstract
Data suggest psychedelics such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may hold therapeutic potential in the treatment of addictions, in...
The parable of the TGA approval of esketamine (Spravato) in Australia: Part 2 - Submission for listing on the PBS.
Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists – July 08, 2025
Summary
Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) conditionally recommended esketamine (Spravato) for listing on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), despite limited long-term efficacy data and safety concerns. This decision, following the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) review, highlights how new treatments navigate approval. While evidence for esketamine's effectiveness beyond weeks is scarce and potential harms exist, the PBAC's conditional approval paves the way for broader access.
Abstract
ObjectivesTo review the available evidence, key deliberations, and potential influences behind the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee's (PB...
Treatment approaches and efficacy in psychedelic-induced psychosis: A systematic review.
Asian journal of psychiatry – June 26, 2025
Summary
When hallucinogens like LSD or psilocybin induce psychosis, prompt treatment is crucial. A review of cases found second-generation antipsychotics, such as Risperidone, highly effective in resolving psychosis. These performed significantly better than first-generation antipsychotics like Haloperidol, offering positive outcomes for patients experiencing this challenging condition.
Abstract
Psychedelics are increasingly used in the general population, yet they are associated with increased risk of psychosis in a minority of users that ...
A rationale and framework for sharing mindfulness in trauma-dense communities in South Africa.
South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care – June 09, 2025
Summary
Mindfulness, an innate human capacity, can be adapted to address severe community trauma. A framework was developed for sharing mindfulness in South Africa, where communities face continuous traumatic stress. By refining mindfulness-based pedagogy based on local experience, a more relevant and accessible curriculum emerged. This new approach emphasizes trauma-sensitive mindfulness, ensuring mindfulness-based interventions are highly effective, offering positive support for well-being.
Abstract
Mindfulness has its historical roots in the teachings of the Buddha. The core of these teachings addresses the causes and relief of human suffering...
Examining mystical experiences as a predictor of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression
Journal of Psychopharmacology – July 01, 2025
Summary
For 31 individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, a single 25 mg dose of psilocybin, administered in a therapeutic context with a psychotherapist, yielded a greater antidepressant effect when accompanied by profound mystical experiences. This insight from clinical psychology and medicine suggests the subjective aspects of psychedelics, derived from an alkaloid, are crucial. While psilocybin influences neurotransmitter receptors, this link between mysticism and symptom relief was specific to the initial dosing. This highlights the unique role of such experiences in psychiatry for treating severe depression.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is a promising treatment for various psychiatric disorders. However, the exact biological and p...
Hepatobiliary Complications Associated With Ketamine Use: Clinical Insights and Future Directions.
Cureus – May 01, 2025
Summary
Ketamine, effective for mood, surprisingly impacts liver health. A review found *side effects of ketamine* include *biliary duct abnormalities* and *drug-induced hepatotoxicity*, potentially causing *liver fibrosis* or *drug-induced liver failure* in *chronic ketamine users*. Positively, stopping ketamine often improves these conditions, and treatments exist. This knowledge is crucial for safe application.
Abstract
Ketamine has been utilized in various medical contexts, particularly for its effects on the nervous system. Over time, its applications have expand...
Stability-Guided Formulation of a Light-Sensitive D-LSD Capsule for Clinical Investigation.
Pharmaceutics – June 11, 2025
Summary
A key challenge for D-LSD's therapeutic potential is its extreme light sensitivity. Researchers successfully developed a protective capsule, using advanced DFT and LC-IM-MS for orthogonal analysis of D-LSD degradation products. This robust formulation development significantly boosted the compound's photostability, preventing rapid degradation seen in solutions. This offers a stable platform for D-LSD's clinical investigation for alcohol use disorder.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: D-lysergic acid diethylamide (D-LSD) is under investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for alcohol use disorder (AU...
Mycelium Growth and Development of Psilocybe spp. Mother Cultures on Agar-Based Media.
Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) – June 13, 2025
Summary
Did you know optimizing mushroom production for therapeutic psilocybin starts with understanding tiny fungal threads? Mycology research explored how different nutrient-rich agars affect Psilocybe mycelium growth. By observing four Psilocybe types, clear insights emerged, providing a vital foundation. This work enables tailored approaches, significantly advancing consistent mycelium development for future applications.
Abstract
The resurgence of interest in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin-producing mushrooms has recently led to numerous research and commercializati...
Efficacy of a single low dose of esketamine for patients with irritable bowel syndrome: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
BMJ open – June 23, 2025
Summary
Conventional treatments for Irritable Bowel Syndrome often fall short, yet a promising avenue lies in therapies with rapid effects on mood. A rigorous Randomized Controlled Trial is underway, guided by strict Clinical Protocols, to investigate if a single low dose of esketamine can effectively alleviate IBS symptoms. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study aims to measure improvements in symptom severity and quality of life, seeking to establish a new, effective treatment for this challenging condition.
Abstract
As a disorder of gut-brain interaction, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common reason for patient visits in primary and specialist care setting...
Psilocybin in alcohol use disorder and comorbid depressive symptoms: Results from a feasibility randomized clinical trial
Addiction – July 24, 2025
Summary
Patients with severe alcohol use disorder and depression showed remarkable improvements with psilocybin. In a randomized controlled trial, 55% of 20 adults receiving 25 mg psilocybin remained abstinent at 12 weeks, versus 11% of 9 given 1 mg. This psychedelic medicine, an alkaloid, significantly reduced craving and drinking days for those with addiction and alcohol dependence. Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, rooted in psychology, offers promising relapse prevention, addressing depression (Beck Depression Inventory scores) within psychiatry's drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims Psilocybin has emerged as a potential treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), but early efficacy data are inconsiste...
Complex slow waves in the human brain under 5-MeO-DMT.
Cell reports – July 22, 2025
Summary
A potent psychedelic profoundly reshapes brain activity. Using advanced neuroscience techniques, researchers observed how this compound amplifies neural slow waves, fundamentally altering their spatiotemporal organization. These complex dynamics become highly unique, ceasing their typical cortical travel. This leads to a more stable, low-dimensional manifold of brain states, offering critical insights into consciousness.
Abstract
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a psychedelic drug known for its uniquely profound effects on consciousness; however, it remains un...
Safety pharmacology of acute psilocybin administration in healthy participants
Neuroscience Applied – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen and chemical synthesis alkaloid, shows promise as medicine. A pooled analysis of three randomized crossover studies, involving 85 healthy participants and 113 drug administrations, examined its safety pharmacology. While some experienced increased heart rate (7%) or elevated body temperature (up to 32% at 30mg), and 6% reported transient flashbacks, no serious adverse effect occurred. Only higher doses (25-30mg) increased anxiety. This psychology and psychiatry research suggests psilocybin is safe under medical supervision akin to anesthesia, influencing behavior via neurotransmitter receptors.
Abstract
Psilocybin is being studied for its therapeutic potential in various mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and addiction. Initial s...
Ketamine-Induced Uropathy in a High-Prevalence Region: Knowledge, Diagnostic Practices, and Treatment Patterns Among Primary and Secondary Care Providers.
Cureus – June 01, 2025
Summary
Even as ketamine misuse contributes to unique health challenges like ketamine-induced uropathy, healthcare professionals' understanding varies significantly. In regions experiencing geographic variations in drug misuse, a survey of primary care and secondary care practices revealed primary care awareness is often lower. However, a strong interest in targeted education exists among GPs to improve multidisciplinary management. This offers a positive path toward standardizing care and enhancing patient outcomes.
Abstract
Ketamine-induced uropathy (KIU) is an emerging consequence of recreational ketamine misuse, often leading to progressive urinary tract dysfunction....
Emerging Use of Low-Dose Ketamine for Pain Management Beyond the ICU.
Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy – July 20, 2025
Summary
Ketamine, traditionally for critical care, is now a powerful opioid alternative for pain management. A community hospital successfully implemented a low-dose ketamine infusion protocol on inpatient floors. This offers effective relief, especially for post operative pain, demonstrating a safe, valuable new model for broader adoption of ketamine in pain management.
Abstract
Pain management is a critical challenge in healthcare as acute and chronic pain affect millions of individuals globally. Opioid-based therapies tha...
Effect of Mouse (Mus musculus) Sex and C57BL/6 Substrain on Sensitivity to Isoflurane and Ketamine-Xylazine-Acepromazine Anesthesia.
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS – June 01, 2025
Summary
Did you know male mice stay under anesthesia longer than females? Research explored how sex and C57BL/6 substrain affect anesthetic response. Using isoflurane to determine MAC and KXA (ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine) for injectable anesthesia, scientists monitored HR, RR, and SpO2. They found male mice showed a significantly longer loss of righting reflex (LORR) and surgical plane duration with KXA. While isoflurane MAC was consistent, heart rate differences emerged between substrains, with some showing lower HR. These findings highlight crucial sex-specific anesthetic responses and physiological variations.
Abstract
Anesthesia is commonly performed with mice in the research setting. Standard doses of anesthetic drugs are typically recommended, without customiza...
Development of an Australian Clinical Practice Guideline on methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted Psychotherapy for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
Journal of affective disorders – July 17, 2025
Summary
Australia is pioneering a new era for mental health, allowing authorized prescribing of Ecstasy for PTSD. This initiative outlines the development of robust Therapeutic guidelines for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. Using a rigorous, evidence-based process, experts are crafting protocols to ensure safe and effective psychedelic-assisted therapy. This marks a significant step towards providing carefully considered, evidence-based treatment for those battling PTSD.
Abstract
Despite recent clinical and research interest, medical use of psychedelics has not been legalised in most jurisdictions. The Australian Therapeutic...
Post-traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization and evidence, and future research directions.
World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) – February 01, 2025
Summary
Our understanding of how trauma impacts individuals has profoundly evolved. Not all responses to trauma are the same; new insights reveal distinct forms of Post-traumatic stress disorder, including complex PTSD. Research into memory, identity, genetics, and neuroimaging illuminates its foundations. While prevention is challenging, psychological interventions, including trauma-focused therapies and novel identity-based approaches, show strong efficacy. Promising pharmacotherapy and successful community-based interventions are enhancing mental health support.
Abstract
The understanding of responses to traumatic events has been greatly influenced by the introduction of the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disord...
Effects of Nebulization With Ketamine and Budesonide on Postoperative Sore Throat in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgeries Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Comparative Clinical Study.
Cureus – October 01, 2024
Summary
A common post-surgery issue is a sore throat. Could a simple nebulization help? Researchers investigated if inhaled ketamine or budesonide could prevent postoperative sore throat after general anesthesia. Patients undergoing elective surgeries received one treatment. Both methods effectively reduced discomfort, with symptoms decreasing significantly over time. While ketamine offered slightly quicker relief, budesonide was associated with fewer side effects like hallucinations, proving a safer choice for patient comfort.
Abstract
Background Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a frequent issue after endotracheal intubation, caused by irritation and minor trauma to the throat....
Ibogaine administration following repeated morphine administration upregulates myelination markers 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA and protein expression in the internal capsule of Sprague Dawley rats.
Frontiers in neuroscience – January 01, 2024
Summary
A surprising finding reveals that a psychedelic medicine could help repair brain damage from addiction. Researchers explored how ibogaine might address white matter issues often seen in opioid use disorder. Using rats, they found that after opioid exposure, ibogaine significantly boosted markers for myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibers. This suggests ibogaine helps oligodendrocytes repair white matter, offering a new mechanism for treating opioid use disorder and highlighting its potential as a psychedelic medicine.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychedelic alkaloid being investigated as a possible treatment for opioid use disorder. Ibogaine has a multi-receptor profile with a...
[Case report: the psychotic-mystical effects related to an unaware use of Salvia divinorum.].
Recenti progressi in medicina – October 01, 2022
Summary
New psychoactive substances can trigger unexpected psychiatric conditions. One individual developed psychosis after unknowingly using *Salvia divinorum*. After initial treatments failed, brexiprazole successfully resolved the symptoms, leading to a full recovery without adverse effects, demonstrating a positive outcome for complex substance-related presentations.
Abstract
It's well known that exotoxicosis can originate various psychiatric clinical pictures. The psychic impact of "classic" substances of abuse is well ...
The potential of psychedelic medicine - A personal account.
Journal of the neurological sciences – March 15, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics were once explored as therapeutic drugs before criminalization halted research. A toxicologist, living in Haight Ashbury in 1965, studied compounds like LSD, observing their early use for conditions such as addiction. Despite initial promise, negative publicity led to Schedule 1 classification, suppressing exploration of these entheogens and entactogens. This historical account suggests a significant, untapped potential for recovery, highlighting how early therapeutic applications were sidelined.
Abstract
In 1965, I was training in clinical toxicology in the pharmacology department of the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) and living in th...
The adverse events of ibogaine in humans: an updated systematic review of the literature (2015-2020).
Psychopharmacology – June 01, 2022
Summary
Despite ibogaine's anti-addictive potential, serious adverse events underscore the need for careful use. A systematic review updated understanding of risks linked to ibogaine and its metabolite, noribogaine. Examining 18 studies, it identified acute and lasting adverse events, predominantly cardiac (like QTc prolongation), gastrointestinal, and neurological. These findings are crucial for developing robust safety protocols and understanding potential drug interactions, paving the way for safer therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Ibogaine is the main alkaloid of the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. It produces hallucinogenic and psychostimulant effects, but it is currently k...
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Tryptamines in the Poison of Incilius alvarius (Amphibia: Bufonidae).
Journal of analytical toxicology – May 20, 2022
Summary
The Colorado River toad's venom holds a potent psychoactive, 5-MeO-DMT. Researchers sought to precisely identify and measure all tryptamine compounds in this poison. Utilizing advanced lab techniques on samples from live Arizona toads, they carefully extracted and analyzed components. 5-MeO-DMT was confirmed as the main compound, present in very high concentrations. Crucially, 5-MeO-tryptamine and two new hydroxylated MeO-DMT forms were successfully identified and quantified for the first time, alongside other tryptamines. This detailed chemical profile offers essential data for forensic applications.
Abstract
Rising numbers of psychoactive tryptamine derivatives have become available on the drug market over the last decade, making these naturally occurri...
Safety of ibogaine administration in detoxification of opioid-dependent individuals: a descriptive open-label observational study.
Addiction (Abingdon, England) – January 01, 2022
Summary
A single dose of ibogaine helped most individuals with opioid use disorder avoid immediate return to opioids, showing promise for detoxification. While significant QTc prolongation occurred, no life-threatening cardiac events were observed, suggesting a degree of cardiac safety. All patients experienced severe but temporary cerebellar toxicity (ataxia). Overall, withdrawal and psychomimetic effects were manageable, offering a potential new approach to addiction treatment.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid used in rituals of the African Bwiti tribe. It is also used in non-medical settings to treat addiction. However, ibo...
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Salvinorin A.
ACS chemical neuroscience – December 02, 2020
Summary
The unique `natural product` `salvinorin A`, derived from `Salvia divinorum`, stands out as the first non-alkaloidal `opioid` `hallucinogen`. Its distinct chemistry, interacting with the `kappa-opioid receptor`, leads to rapid, yet transient, effects. This discovery has profoundly influenced neuroscience, driving extensive research into novel synthetic compounds and showcasing its significant potential in drug development.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is the main bioactive compound in Salvia divinorum, an endemic plant with ancestral use by the inhabitants of the Mazateca mountain ra...
Acute Effects of 2C-E in Humans: An Observational Study
Frontiers in Pharmacology – March 18, 2020
Summary
The novel hallucinogen 2C-E, structurally akin to mescaline, profoundly alters perception and elevates euphoric mood. An observational study with ten psychedelic users demonstrated that oral administration of 2C-E, acting as a serotonin receptor agonist, reached peak saliva concentrations within two hours. This pharmacology, critical for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlights its influence on mood and behavior. Understanding its pharmacokinetics is vital for Medicine and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, especially concerning addiction and neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine (2C-E) is psychedelic phenylethylamine, with a chemical structure similar to mescaline, used as new psychoactiv...
Ibogaine and Subjective Experience: Transformative States and Psychopharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
Summary
Many people seeking help for opioid use disorder experience profound spiritual transformation during a unique oneiric psychedelic drug treatment. This approach explores how the powerful hallucinogen, ibogaine, impacts subjective experience. Researchers observed 44 participants, finding ibogaine often induced "complete mystical experiences" with vivid visions. These led to confronting past actions but also offered release from guilt and worthlessness, highlighting ibogaine's distinct healing capacity beyond mere withdrawal reduction from opioids.
Abstract
This article examines the therapeutic potential of ibogaine, a powerful oneiric alkaloid derived from Tabernanthe iboga, through exploring the subj...
Ibogaine as a treatment for substance misuse: Potential benefits and practical dangers.
Progress in brain research – January 01, 2018
Summary
Traditionally used for spiritual enlightenment, the iboga plant's compound, ibogaine, now shows promise as a treatment for opiate addiction by reducing cravings. While not a definitive cure or remedy, its use carries serious dangers, with 33 fatalities globally, including 5 in the UK. Careful risk assessment is vital for this potent treatment.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid found in the root bark of the Iboga shrub native to west Africa possessing hallucinogenic properties. For centuries ...
Ibogaine Detoxification Transitions Opioid and Cocaine Abusers Between Dependence and Abstinence: Clinical Observations and Treatment Outcomes.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2018
Summary
A promising observation reveals that a single dose of ibogaine can significantly ease severe opioid withdrawal symptoms. This clinical review of 191 individuals undergoing medically supervised detoxification explored ibogaine's potential to transition people from opioid dependence. Findings showed ibogaine safely diminished withdrawal and reduced intense drug craving, with no significant adverse effects. This suggests ibogaine, and its active metabolite noribogaine, could be a valuable tool for detoxification, helping individuals move towards abstinence.
Abstract
Ibogaine may be effective for transitioning opioid and cocaine dependent individuals to sobriety. American and European self-help groups provided p...
“Hallucinations” Following Acute Cannabis Dosing: A Case Report and Comparison to Other Hallucinogenic Drugs
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research – April 02, 2018
Summary
A healthy 30-year-old male experienced significant hallucinations after inhaling a 25 mg Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) dose of vaporized Cannabis. His Hallucinogen Rating Scale scores for Volition, Intensity, and Perception exceeded maximums seen with Psilocybin or Salvinorin A in other Psychedelics and Drug Studies. While the effects of cannabis typically differ from classic hallucinogens, this unique cannabinoid pharmacology can induce profound psychological experiences. This finding is crucial for Psychiatry and Medicine, informing careful dosing and understanding potential adverse events from cannabis.
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis has been historically classified as a hallucinogen. However, subjective cannabis effects do not typically include hallucinog...
Treatment of opioid use disorder with ibogaine: detoxification and drug use outcomes.
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse – January 01, 2018
Summary
For individuals struggling with opioid use disorder, a unique plant alkaloid offers new hope. In an observational study, 30 people, many with prior unsuccessful treatments for heroin and prescription opioid addiction like oxycodone, received ibogaine. Results showed dramatic reductions in withdrawal symptoms. Crucially, 50% reported no opioid use a month later, with sustained improvements in drug use and social well-being for up to a year. This suggests ibogaine, and its active metabolite noribogaine, provides a powerful path to recovery.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a monoterpene indole alkaloid used in medical and nonmedical settings for the treatment of opioid use disorder. Its mechanism of action...
Characterization of hallucinogenic phenethylamines using high-resolution mass spectrometry for non-targeted screening purposes.
Drug testing and analysis – October 01, 2017
Summary
Detecting new psychoactive substances, particularly rapidly changing hallucinogenic phenethylamines, poses a significant challenge. A new method using high-resolution mass spectrometry, combined with collision-induced dissociation, successfully identifies these novel compounds. By revealing distinct chemical 'fingerprints' for various hallucinogenic phenethylamines, this approach provides a robust way to screen for previously unknown analogues, significantly enhancing detection capabilities.
Abstract
Hallucinogenic phenethylamines such as 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines (2C-X) and their N-(2-methoxybenzyl) derivatives (25X-NBOMe) have seen an incre...
Pharmacological Chaperones of the Dopamine Transporter Rescue Dopamine Transporter Deficiency Syndrome Mutations in Heterologous Cells.
The Journal of biological chemistry – October 14, 2016
Summary
Many neurological conditions stem from faulty dopamine transporter function. This work uncovered that drugs like bupropion and ibogaine act as a pharmacological chaperone, effectively rescuing defective dopamine transporter protein folding. They help this crucial membrane protein mature and traffic correctly, even for DTDS-associated mutations. Their action involves guiding proper protein folding, with mechanisms linked to COPII component SEC24D. This offers a promising path to restore dopamine transporter levels.
Abstract
A number of pathological conditions have been linked to mutations in the dopamine transporter gene, including hereditary dopamine transporter defic...
Ibogaine-associated cardiac arrest and death: case report and review of the literature.
Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology – April 01, 2016
Summary
While ibogaine shows promise for opiate withdrawal, its medication effects demand careful consideration. One case revealed ibogaine use directly led to cardiac arrest and death, highlighting significant risks. Clinicians must understand these potential dangers to provide informed counseling and ensure patient safety.
Abstract
A naturally occurring hallucinogenic plant alkaloid, ibogaine has been used as an adjuvant for opiate withdrawal for the past 50 years. In the sett...
Salvinorin A, a kappa-opioid receptor agonist hallucinogen: pharmacology and potential template for novel pharmacotherapeutic agents in neuropsychiatric disorders
Frontiers in Pharmacology – September 08, 2015
Summary
A potent hallucinogen, Salvinorin A, uniquely targets the κ-opioid receptor (KOPr) with high efficacy, making it the only selective agonist widely available. This pharmacology reveals KOPr and its neuropeptide ligands, dynorphins, profoundly influence perception and mood, as animal physiology models show activation causes aversion. Salvinorin A's novel chemical structure offers new medicine. Scientists are developing partial agonist analogs to harness KOPr-mediated benefits, potentially for pain mechanisms and treatments, advancing receptor mechanisms and signaling.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is a potent hallucinogen, isolated from the ethnomedical plant Salvia divinorum. Salvinorin A is a selective high efficacy kappa-opioi...
The subjective experience of acute, experimentally-induced Salvia divinorum inebriation.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – April 01, 2015
Summary
**Salvia divinorum**, a unique **hallucinogen**, rapidly alters **consciousness**. Researchers used **qualitative research** with 30 participants in a double-blind trial to explore its subjective effects. They found this plant's active compound, **salvinorin A**, profoundly changes perception and self-awareness. Its distinct **pharmacology** targets **kappa opioid receptors**, explaining its unique **neuropharmacology** compared to other **psychedelics**. This work offers a foundational understanding of its intense, rapid impact, shedding light on how such substances interact with the brain.
Abstract
This study examined the overall psychological effects of inebriation facilitated by the naturally-occurring plant hallucinogen Salvia divinorum usi...
hERG Blockade by Iboga Alkaloids.
Cardiovascular toxicology – January 01, 2016
Summary
While some iboga alkaloids used in addiction treatment can pose cardiac risks, a rationally designed derivative offers a safer alternative. Research explored how various iboga alkaloid compounds interact with hERG channels, crucial for heart rhythm. It was found that ibogaine and its metabolite noribogaine significantly block these channels, raising toxicology concerns. However, 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-mc) showed remarkably minimal hERG blockade, despite similar binding. This positive finding suggests 18-mc could offer therapeutic benefits with a much-reduced risk of heart complications.
Abstract
The iboga alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring and synthetic compounds, some of which modify drug self-administration and withdrawal in hum...
Fatalities temporally associated with the ingestion of ibogaine.
Journal of forensic sciences – March 01, 2012
Summary
While ibogaine is used for substance use, a review of deaths linked to its ingestion revealed no unique neurotoxic syndrome. An examination of 19 fatalities outside West Central Africa showed that most (12 of 14 with adequate data) were attributable to advanced pre-existing medical conditions, mainly cardiovascular, or the presence of other commonly abused substances. Risk factors also included seizures from alcohol/benzodiazepine withdrawal and uninformed use. This highlights the importance of medical screening.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive plant alkaloid that is used globally in medical and nonmedical settings for opioid detoxification an...
Ibogaine and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – February 15, 2012
Summary
Ibogaine, a compound explored for addiction treatment, was tested for its interaction with acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme vital for nerve function. Researchers confirmed ibogaine does inhibit this enzyme, but only at very high concentrations. This inhibition is physiologically negligible, indicating it doesn't explain ibogaine's observed effects in the body or pose a significant toxicological concern.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychoactive monoterpine indole alkaloid extracted from the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga Baill. that is used globally in medical an...
Forensic analysis of Salvia divinorum using multivariate statistical procedures. Part II: association of adulterated samples to S. divinorum.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry – January 01, 2012
Summary
Forensic labs can now confidently identify hallucinogenic *Salvia divinorum* even when hidden among other plants. Scientists simulated adulterated samples, combining *Salvia divinorum* extracts with common plant materials like tobacco and cannabis. Through chemical analysis and advanced statistical evaluations, including principal components analysis, they successfully developed procedures. The findings confirm these methods robustly associate complex mixtures with pure *Salvia divinorum*, offering powerful tools for forensic identification.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a plant material that is of forensic interest due to the hallucinogenic nature of the active ingredient, salvinorin A. In this ...
Treating drug dependence with the aid of ibogaine: a retrospective study.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – November 01, 2014
Summary
Lasting recovery from drug dependence, including cocaine and crack addiction, is often elusive. However, a review of 75 individuals explored ibogaine's potential. Administered with psychotherapy, ibogaine showed no serious side effects, with a remarkable 61% achieving abstinence. Those receiving multiple ibogaine treatments experienced significantly longer periods of freedom from dependence, demonstrating its safety and efficacy in facilitating prolonged recovery.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an alkaloid purported to be an effective drug dependence treatment. However, its efficacy has been hard to evaluate, partly because it ...
Forensic analysis of Salvia divinorum using multivariate statistical procedures. Part I: discrimination from related Salvia species.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry – January 01, 2012
Summary
*Salvia divinorum*, a *hallucinogenic* plant, possesses a unique chemical signature. Researchers aimed to develop a reliable method for its *discrimination* from related species, crucial for *forensic* analysis. They extracted *salvinorin A* and other compounds from various *Salvia* plants, analyzing them with advanced chemical profiling. By applying sophisticated multivariate *statistical procedures*, they achieved clear and objective *discrimination*. The results successfully demonstrated a robust method to identify *Salvia divinorum*, offering significant advantages for law enforcement.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic herb that is internationally regulated. In this study, salvinorin A, the active compound in S. divinorum, was ...
Recent national trends in Salvia divinorum use and substance-use disorders among recent and former Salvia divinorum users compared with nonusers.
Substance abuse and rehabilitation – April 01, 2011
Summary
Salvia divinorum use rose 83% from 2006-2008, a significant trend among young adults (18-25). Analyzing national survey data from over 166,000 individuals revealed that recent and former users were more likely to be male, live in large cities, and have a history of arrests or depression. Polydrug use emerged as the strongest predictor. Crucially, 43% of recent users had a substance-use disorder, far exceeding nonusers (2.5%). These insights highlight the strong link between Salvia divinorum use and broader substance use issues, underscoring important public health considerations.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Media and scientific reports have indicated an increase in recreational use of Salvia divinorum. Epidemiological data are lacking on the t...
Development of an enzyme immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody against the psychoactive diterpenoid salvinorin A.
Journal of natural products – September 27, 2013
Summary
Detecting Salvinorin A, a potent psychoactive compound from Salvia divinorum, is now simpler and more accurate. Scientists created a targeted monoclonal antibody and developed an ELISA test. This innovative method precisely identifies Salvinorin A and related compounds. Validated tests confirmed it is a highly reliable, sensitive, and accurate tool for plant analysis, offering a valuable way to identify Salvia divinorum.
Abstract
Salvinorin A (1), the main active constituent in Salvia divinorum, is a highly selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist with hallucinogenic effects,...
Ibogaine in the treatment of substance dependence.
Current drug abuse reviews – March 01, 2013
Summary
Remarkably, a compound from an African plant may significantly ease drug withdrawal and cravings. Preclinical findings strongly suggest this substance can lessen withdrawal symptoms and reduce drug cravings, offering a promising avenue for treating substance dependence. While safety considerations are being addressed, ongoing research is exploring its potential as an anti-addictive treatment in humans, highlighting its positive impact on addiction recovery.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychoactive alkaloid derived from Tabernanthe iboga, a plant used in initiatory rituals in West Central Africa. Largely because of i...
Identification and characterization of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitro-β-phenethylamine (2C-N)--a new member of 2C-series of designer drug.
Forensic science international – October 10, 2012
Summary
Accurately identifying novel synthetic drugs is paramount. Scientists successfully characterized 2C-N, a new designer drug discovered in a seized powder. Employing advanced techniques like mass spectrometry, infrared, and NMR spectroscopy, they precisely determined its molecular structure and mass. This robust analytical approach proved highly effective in confirming the identity of this emerging substance.
Abstract
The online sale of psychoactive substances, including hallucinogens, is becoming a serious problem in many countries. This paper presents and discu...
Metabolic plasticity and the energy economizing effect of ibogaine, the principal alkaloid of Tabernanthe iboga.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – August 30, 2012
Summary
Despite an initial energy cost, a natural compound from the iboga plant surprisingly makes cells more resilient. Researchers investigated how this compound, known for its anti-addiction potential, affects cellular metabolism. Using yeast models, they measured energy output and oxidative stress. Findings revealed an initial increase in energy consumption, yet overall cellular stress significantly decreased, suggesting it stimulates the body's natural defense systems rather than acting as a direct antioxidant. This metabolic remodeling ultimately enhances energy efficiency, reduces damage, and improves overall fitness, offering beneficial support for health and recovery, including addiction.
Abstract
The root bark of iboga plant-Tabernanthe iboga has been used traditionally in Central Africa as a psychoactive substance in religious rituals, whil...
College student use of Salvia divinorum.
Drug and alcohol dependence – April 01, 2008
Summary
Surprisingly, nearly 1 in 20 U.S. college students reported using Salvia divinorum in the past year. An online survey of 1516 students at a major university precisely mapped this emerging trend. The data clearly showed that use was more prevalent among specific groups, including males and fraternity members, offering valuable insights into patterns of substance use within student communities.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum (salvia) is a plant that appears to be enjoying increased popularity as a legal hallucinogen in many U.S. jurisdictions. While the...
The ibogaine medical subculture.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – January 04, 2008
Summary
Thousands globally have turned to ibogaine for addiction treatment. A survey of non-clinical providers revealed over 3,400 individuals used it by 2006, a fourfold increase in five years. Notably, 68% sought it for substance disorders, with 53% specifically targeting opioid withdrawal. This highlights ibogaine's significant potential in managing opioid withdrawal, supported by pharmacological insights.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive indole alkaloid that is used to treat substance-related disorders in a global medical subculture, an...
Subjective effects of Salvia divinorum.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – June 01, 2007
Summary
Understanding traditional ritualistic context significantly enhances the visionary effects of Salvia divinorum. Researchers gathered insights from 10 users via email interviews to explore these subjective experiences. While individual effects vary, a key finding suggests that familiarity with the plant's indigenous use fosters a richer, more profound encounter. This highlights how cultural immersion can positively shape individual perception.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic plant native to Mexico, where the Mazatec Indians use it in divinatory rituals as a facilitator for contacting...
Neo-clerodane diterpenes from the hallucinogenic sage Salvia divinorum.
Journal of natural products – December 01, 2006
Summary
The unique properties of *Salvia divinorum*, a sage celebrated for its potent effects, are rooted in its intricate chemistry. Recently, researchers achieved a significant breakthrough, uncovering several previously unknown compounds within this remarkable plant. The aim was to identify and characterize specific chemical components, particularly a class known as neo-clerodane diterpenes. Using advanced spectroscopic techniques, the team successfully isolated an impressive total of 22 distinct compounds. Crucially, seven entirely new neo-clerodane diterpenes were identified, including salvidivins A-D, salvinorins H-I, and divinatorin F. The precise molecular structures of these novel compounds were meticulously determined, alongside the confirmation of several known active compounds. This work significantly expands our understanding of the complex chemical makeup of *Salvia divinorum*, revealing a wealth of unique natural products that contribute to its distinctive characteristics.
Abstract
Seven new neo-clerodane diterpenes, salvidivins A (2), B, (3), C (4), and D (5), salvinorins H (6) and I (7), and divinatorin [corrected] F (8), al...
Ibogaine signals addiction genes and methamphetamine alteration of long-term potentiation.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – June 01, 2002
Summary
The brain's crucial ability to form lasting connections can be disrupted by psychostimulants like methamphetamine. Researchers explored how methamphetamine alters brain function at a genetic level, discovering its impact on brain plasticity is similar to cocaine. Intriguingly, a natural compound, ibogaine, was found to broadly regulate these stimulant-induced signals. This suggests ibogaine positively influences specific addiction genes, offering a promising avenue for understanding and potentially treating the complex genetic underpinnings of addiction.
Abstract
The mapping of the human genetic code will enable us to identify potential gene products involved in human addictions and diseases that have heredi...
Combating substance abuse with ibogaine: pre- and posttreatment recommendations and an example of successive model fitting analyses.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – June 01, 2004
Summary
Imagine a natural compound from an African shrub, ibogaine, easing drug withdrawal and cravings. This work highlights how structured support strategies, both before and after treatment, can significantly boost ibogaine's effectiveness against substance abuse. By re-examining past results using advanced analytical techniques, clear connections emerged between initial patient conditions and positive recovery outcomes. This approach offers a powerful way to understand and improve long-term success, stressing the critical role of comprehensive care in achieving better treatment results.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid derived from the root bark of the African shrub Tabernan the iboga and it has been used for many years as a medicina...
2C-B: a new psychoactive phenylethylamine recently discovered in Ecstasy tablets sold on the Swiss black market.
Journal of analytical toxicology – September 01, 1998
Summary
Unexpectedly, a potent psychoactive substance, 2C-B, has been definitively identified in illicit tablets. Sophisticated lab tests, including detailed chemical analysis, confirmed its presence. Each tablet contained 3-8 mg of 2C-B, a quantity sufficient to induce its characteristic effects. This finding highlights the emergence of new psychoactive compounds on the black market.
Abstract
This study sought to identify, by means of several analytical methods (GC-MS, HPLC-DAD, CE-DAD, FTIR, and NMR), 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine...
Nerve terminal effects of indoleamine psychotomimetics on 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – January 01, 1982
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The mode of action of indoleamine psychotomimetics has been closely linked to 5-HT. Early work showed increases in rat brain levels of 5-HT which w...
Therapeutic and Structural Dimensions in Psychiatric Prescribing: Bridging Psychedelics and Antidepressants.
Harvard review of psychiatry
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
As practitioners seek more personalized approaches, exploring how patients' environments, relationship templates, and mindsets factor into symptom ...
A practical measure of integrated information reveals alpha-band activity and the posterior cortex as neural correlates of arousal.
NeuroImage – July 18, 2025
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The search for neurophysiological markers of consciousness and their neural substrates remains a focal point in neuroscience research. The integrat...
Thalamocortical interactions reflecting the intensity of flicker light-induced visual hallucinatory phenomena.
Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) – January 01, 2025
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Aberrant thalamocortical connectivity occurs together with visual hallucinations in various pathologies and drug-induced states, highlighting the n...
Unpacking the complexities of consciousness: Theories and reflections.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – March 01, 2025
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
As the field of consciousness science matures, the research agenda has expanded from an initial focus on the neural correlates of consciousness, to...
Phenomenology of Psychedelic Experiences and Psychedelic-Associated Distressing Effects: Quantifying Subjective Experiences.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – December 31, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The range of phenomena that can be induced by psychedelic substances is broad and variable, including effects on perception, cognition, and emotion...