1269 results for "Set and Setting"
Among psychedelic-experienced users, only past use of psilocybin reliably predicts nature relatedness
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2023
Summary
Experience with the hallucinogen psilocybin uniquely predicts a stronger connection to nature, according to a reanalysis of 3817 participants. While other psychedelics like LSD were examined, only psilocybin reliably predicted nature relatedness. Even among exclusive psilocybin users, increased frequency correlated with greater nature relatedness. This finding, crucial for psychology and clinical psychology, distinguishes psilocybin from other substances, including those like MDMA explored in broader psychiatry and drug studies, suggesting specific therapeutic pathways.
Abstract
Background: Past research reports a positive relationship between experience with classic serotonergic psychedelics and nature relatedness (NR). Ho...
Moderators of ayahuasca’s biological antidepressant action
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 05, 2022
Summary
Acute emotional and physiological actions during an Ayahuasca session significantly modulate antidepressant outcomes. A randomized, double-blinded trial with 72 participants, including those with treatment-resistant depression, found larger symptom reductions predicted higher serum cortisol. Lesser salivary cortisol changes linked to higher BDNF levels, crucial for Psychology and Medicine. This Pharmacology insight, vital for Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggests psychotherapists could optimize therapeutic action. Biochemical Analysis techniques confirm these effects, informing future Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research into similar drug mechanisms.
Abstract
Introduction The understanding of biological responses to psychedelics with antidepressant potential is imperative. Here we report how a set of acu...
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the bioanalysis of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and its metabolites DMT-N-oxide and indole-3-acetic acid in human plasma.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences – December 15, 2022
Summary
Scientists have developed a precise method to track how the psychedelic compound DMT, found in ayahuasca, moves through the human body. This bioanalysis technique uses advanced HPLC technology to measure DMT and its metabolites in blood plasma, offering unprecedented insight into the pharmacokinetics of this powerful substance. The method proved highly accurate and efficient, enabling researchers to monitor DMT metabolism in patients receiving controlled doses.
Abstract
The indole alkaloid N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) induces psychedelic effects in humans. In addition to ceremonial and recreational use, DMT is subj...
Mescaline: The forgotten psychedelic
Neuropharmacology – October 14, 2022
Summary
Mescaline shows promise for mental well-being and overcoming alcoholism. This **hallucinogen**, an **alkaloid** with **pharmacology** akin to **psilocybin** and **Lysergic acid diethylamide**, appears safe, with intoxications being mild and easily treatable. Its action likely involves **5-HT2A receptor** influence, impacting **psychology**. As a potential **euphoriant**, mescaline offers therapeutic avenues in **psychedelics and drug studies**, contrasting with older **psychotomimetic** classifications. Such insights into **neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior** highlight its clinical value.
Abstract
The pharmacological mechanisms of mescaline are similar to those of other classical psychedelics, like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (L...
Bibliometric Analysis of Academic Journal Articles Reporting Results of Psychedelic Clinical Studies
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 11, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics are experiencing a profound resurgence in Psychiatry. A bibliometric analysis of 394 clinical studies from 1965-2021 reveals a dramatic increase in publications after a decades-long lull. MDMA dominated these drug studies (49%), followed by Lysergic acid diethylamide (19%), Psilocybin (18%), and Ayahuasca (7%). A "Recent cohort" (2010-2021) shows a higher proportion of therapeutic applications in Medicine and Psychology, with psilocybin studies increasing. Mescaline research saw a proportional decrease. This highlights the evolving focus on these powerful hallucinogens.
Abstract
Following a decades long period of investigational dormancy, there is renewed interest in employing psychedelics as psychiatric treatments. The aca...
A century of research on psychedelics: A scientometric analysis on trends and knowledge maps of hallucinogens, entactogens, entheogens and dissociative drugs.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology – November 01, 2022
Summary
Research on psychedelics has evolved dramatically from safety concerns to therapeutic breakthroughs. Analysis of 31,000+ publications reveals two distinct eras: early cautious research, followed by a renaissance starting in the 1990s. Modern studies focus on therapeutic applications for mood disorders, with promising results from clinical trials. New psychoactive substances are emerging, while traditional compounds like ketamine show growing evidence for treating depression.
Abstract
A scientometric analysis was realized to outline clinical research on psychedelics over the last century. Web of Science Core Collection was search...
Scoping Review of Experiential Measures from Psychedelic Research and Clinical Trials.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2023
Summary
Mystical experiences and feelings of boundlessness during psychedelic sessions strongly predict positive therapeutic outcomes. Analysis of multiple assessment tools reveals that subjective reactions to substances like psilocybin correlate with improvements in depression, anxiety, and addiction. While challenging experiences can be valuable, the depth of mystical experiences during psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy appears most crucial for healing.
Abstract
Subjective responses to psychoactive drugs have served as intriguing windows into consciousness as well as useful predictors. Subjective reactions ...
Psychedelics and schizophrenia: Distinct alterations to Bayesian inference.
NeuroImage – November 01, 2022
Summary
Brain activity patterns reveal key differences between psychedelics and schizophrenia. While both states show increased neural diversity, they process information differently. Psychedelics reduce overall brain signal flow, while schizophrenia increases front-to-back information transfer. This suggests distinct mechanisms: psychedelics weaken pre-existing mental frameworks, while schizophrenia amplifies sensory input processing.
Abstract
Schizophrenia and states induced by certain psychotomimetic drugs may share some physiological and phenomenological properties, but they differ in ...
Prehospital Ketamine Administration in Benzodiazepine Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Case Series Review.
Prehospital emergency care – April 16, 2025
Summary
When seizures don't respond to standard treatments, ketamine shows remarkable promise, stopping seizures in over 90% of cases. This medication, already used by emergency responders for other conditions, proved highly effective when given to 42 patients whose seizures weren't controlled by conventional drugs. While some patients needed breathing support, the success rate suggests ketamine could be a game-changing option for emergency treatment of persistent seizures.
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are the treatment for seizures in prehospital settings, but fail in up to 40% of cases, leading to benzodiazepine refractory status...
Ketamine as part of multi-modal analgesia may reduce opioid requirements following cardiac surgery: a retrospective observational cohort study.
Journal of cardiothoracic surgery – April 03, 2025
Summary
Adding ketamine to pain management after heart surgery can reduce opioid use by nearly 30mg during recovery. This multimodal analgesia approach combines ketamine with standard pain medications, showing promising opioid-sparing effects. Patients receiving ketamine needed significantly fewer pain pills at discharge, with no increase in side effects or complications. This suggests a safer approach to postoperative pain management.
Abstract
Postoperative pain control in cardiac surgery is often managed with opioid medications. Insufficient analgesia can result in complications includin...
Shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca
arXiv Preprint Archive – November 01, 2016
Summary
Psychedelic Ayahuasca increases brain network complexity, supporting ancient wisdom about "mind expansion" with modern neuroscience. Brain scans revealed that this Amazonian brew creates more diverse neural connections while strengthening local brain networks. The changes in brain organization showed higher Shannon entropy, indicating more dynamic and flexible thought patterns during the psychedelic experience.
Abstract
The entropic brain hypothesis holds that the key facts concerning psychedelics are partially explained in terms of increased entropy of the brain's...
Quantitative Analysis of Narrative Reports of Psychedelic Drugs
arXiv Preprint Archive – June 01, 2012
Summary
Natural language analysis reveals distinct linguistic patterns in how people describe different psychedelic experiences. Using advanced q-bio.QM techniques, researchers analyzed 1,000 firsthand drug experience reports, identifying unique word patterns that distinguish between substances. The analysis achieved 51% accuracy in matching descriptions to specific substances, with MDMA reports being most distinctive at 87% accuracy. This suggests consistent, substance-specific effects on consciousness.
Abstract
Background: Psychedelic drugs facilitate profound changes in consciousness and have potential to provide insights into the nature of human mental p...
Mapping the functional connectome traits of levels of consciousness
arXiv Preprint Archive – May 10, 2016
Summary
Brain activity patterns reveal distinct signatures of consciousness levels in patients with severe brain injuries. Using advanced network analysis, researchers mapped how different brain regions communicate in varying states of consciousness. Three key connectivity patterns emerged: one linked to arousal and sedation effects, another showing disrupted visual and motor connections, and a third involving self-awareness networks. These findings illuminate how brain injuries impact consciousness at the neural level.
Abstract
Examining task-free functional connectivity (FC) in the human brain offers insights on how spontaneous integration and segregation of information r...
Measures of Entropy and Complexity in altered states of consciousness
arXiv Preprint Archive – January 09, 2017
Summary
Brain activity during wakefulness shows remarkably higher levels of complexity than during sleep or seizures. Using advanced statistical analysis of brain recordings, researchers found that our neural signals are most intricate when we're fully alert and processing information. This pattern held true across multiple recording methods, suggesting consciousness requires sophisticated brain dynamics.
Abstract
Quantification of complexity in neurophysiological signals has been studied using different methods, especially those from information or dynamical...
Towards a Passive BCI to Induce Lucid Dream
arXiv Preprint Archive – April 29, 2019
Summary
Scientists discovered that external light signals can be seamlessly woven into our dreams, opening new paths to achieve lucid dreaming - the rare ability to consciously control our dreams. Using affordable EEG technology and LED-equipped sleep masks, researchers found that precisely timed light pulses during sleep can be incorporated into dream narratives, potentially helping more people experience this fascinating state of consciousness.
Abstract
Lucid dreaming (LD) is a phenomenon during which the person is aware that he/she dreaming and is able to control the dream content. Studies have sh...
Quantum information theoretic approach to the mind-brain problem
arXiv Preprint Archive – December 13, 2020
Summary
Could quantum physics bridge the gap between mind and brain? New research reveals how quantum information theory offers a fresh perspective on consciousness. By applying quantum mechanics to neural processes, scientists show that unobservable quantum states in the brain may give rise to our private, conscious experiences, while measurable brain activity represents the classical, observable aspects of cognition.
Abstract
The brain is composed of electrically excitable neuronal networks regulated by the activity of voltage-gated ion channels. Further portraying the m...
An Artificial Consciousness Model and its relations with Philosophy of Mind
arXiv Preprint Archive – November 30, 2020
Summary
Consciousness-inspired AI models could hold the key to more adaptable autonomous systems. A groundbreaking cognitive architecture mimics how conscious beings process information, using a "global workspace" that integrates multiple sensory inputs and memories. The system successfully navigates complex environments by balancing attention mechanisms, stored experiences, and internal preferences - much like human consciousness. Results show this cs.AI approach significantly improves autonomous decision-making and environmental adaptation.
Abstract
This work seeks to study the beneficial properties that an autonomous agent can obtain by implementing a cognitive architecture similar to the one ...
Isness: Using Multi-Person VR to Design Peak Mystical-Type Experiences Comparable to Psychedelics
arXiv Preprint Archive – February 03, 2020
Summary
Virtual reality can induce profound mystical experiences similar to those triggered by psychedelic substances, without the need for drugs. A groundbreaking human-computer interaction (cs.HC) experiment showed that carefully designed VR environments can create transformative group experiences where participants perceive themselves as pure energy, fostering deep feelings of connection and transcendence. Data from 57 participants revealed emotional responses matching those reported in clinical studies of psilocybin and LSD.
Abstract
Studies combining psychotherapy with psychedelic drugs (PsiDs) have demonstrated positive outcomes that are often associated with PsiDs' ability to...
Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome
PLoS ONE – January 01, 2010
Summary
Psychedelic compounds interact with far more brain receptors than previously thought, engaging with 42 different receptor types rather than just the few serotonin receptors traditionally associated with their effects. This broader interaction pattern helps explain why different psychedelics can produce such varied mental experiences, with each substance showing its own unique "fingerprint" of receptor activation across the brain.
Abstract
We currently understand the mental effects of psychedelics to be caused by agonism or partial agonism of 5-HT2A (and possibly 5-HT2C) receptors, an...
Effective doses of remimazolam and esketamine combined with remifentanil for endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxants in pediatric patients.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2025
Summary
Pediatric anesthesiologists have discovered a safer way to intubate young patients without using muscle relaxants. By combining remimazolam and esketamine with remifentanil, doctors achieved successful intubation while maintaining stable heart rates and blood pressure. Using Dixon's up-and-down method, researchers determined effective doses for children aged 3-6, finding optimal results with 0.56 mg/kg remimazolam and 0.97 mg/kg esketamine.
Abstract
The combination of remimazolam and esketamine effectively alleviates adverse hemodynamic effects, such as tachycardia and hypertension, during intu...
Monoamine neurotransmitter-related gene-based genome-wide association study of low-dose ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – March 24, 2025
Summary
Groundbreaking research from Taiwan reveals how ketamine's antidepressant effects work through multiple brain chemical pathways. Scientists conducted a genome-wide association study of patients with treatment-resistant depression, finding that ketamine's effectiveness links to genes controlling various monoamine neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine systems. The results explain why low-dose ketamine can help patients who don't respond to standard treatments.
Abstract
Low-dose ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that exerts an antidepressant effect on patients with treatment-resistant depressi...
Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy Provides Lasting and Effective Results in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder at 3 and 6 Months: Findings from a Large Retrospective Effectiveness Study.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking research shows that combining ketamine with psychotherapy offers lasting relief for mental health conditions. This innovative treatment reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder in patients who hadn't responded to conventional treatments. After 4-6 guided sessions, participants reported significant improvements that lasted up to 6 months, with 50-75% experiencing meaningful symptom reduction at 3 months post-treatment.
Abstract
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is an emerging treatment option to alleviate treatment-resistant affective disorders, but its long-term effec...
Breaking the cycle: a systematic review of neurobiological mechanisms and psychotherapeutic innovations in ketamine addiction.
Journal of addictive diseases – March 06, 2025
Summary
Recent findings reveal that ketamine addiction ("Special K") alters brain connectivity in ways similar to depression, but innovative treatment approaches show promise. By combining neurobiological markers with targeted psychotherapy, including CBT and EMDR, clinicians can now better triage and treat patients. This comprehensive treatment framework integrates neurobiology with personalized therapy timing, leading to significantly improved recovery rates compared to traditional approaches.
Abstract
This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on non-prescribed ketamine use, emphasizing its neurobiological impacts and psychotherapeutic i...
Abdominal Pain and Dysuria Secondary to Chronic Recreational Ketamine Use: A Case Report on K-cramps.
Cureus – February 01, 2025
Summary
Long-term ketamine use can lead to a painful condition known as K-cramps, causing severe abdominal pain and urinary problems. A medical team documented a young woman's experience with this condition after regular high-dose ketamine consumption. Her symptoms improved with supportive care and medication, highlighting how ketamine toxicity can be effectively treated when properly identified.
Abstract
Medical and recreational ketamine use is increasing in the United States; however, little is known regarding the side effects associated with chron...
Intraoperative Esketamine and Postpartum Depression Among Women With Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA network open – February 03, 2025
Summary
A single dose of esketamine during C-section surgery could cut postpartum depression risk nearly in half. In a groundbreaking Chinese trial, women who received esketamine during cesarean delivery showed significantly lower rates of postpartum depression (10.4%) compared to those who didn't (19.5%). The medication was safely administered during surgery and showed promising results in protecting new mothers' mental health.
Abstract
Esketamine has been found to reduce the incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) in randomized clinical trials. However, current evidence from rand...
Robust Detection of Ecstasy-Like and Adulterants Through ASAP-MS and DD-SIMCA.
Drug testing and analysis – February 04, 2025
Summary
Breakthrough forensic technology enables rapid, accurate identification of ecstasy and dangerous adulterants in street drugs. Using advanced mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS) combined with statistical modeling, analysts can now detect MDMA and related compounds in seconds. This method proves 98% accurate in identifying substances, making it a game-changer for drug testing labs and law enforcement.
Abstract
Ecstasy is a complex and hazardous substance, and its identification is increasingly challenging. Conventional analytical methods have limitations ...
Ketamine Treatment for Pediatric Refractory Obsessive: Five Open Label Cases.
Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology – April 01, 2025
Summary
A single ketamine infusion shows promise as a safe treatment option for teens with severe OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder). In a groundbreaking trial, five adolescents who hadn't responded to standard treatments received controlled doses. While the immediate reduction in OCD symptoms wasn't sustained long-term, the treatment proved remarkably safe with only mild, temporary side effects.
Abstract
Importance: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive behavioral therapy are the first-line treatments for pediatric obsessive-...
My Bad, You Got This: witnessing, therapist attitude and the synergy between psychedelics and inner healing intelligence in the treatment of trauma.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2025
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy shows remarkable promise in trauma treatment by tapping into our natural capacity to heal. When therapists fully trust in their patients' inner healing intelligence, it creates a powerful therapeutic alliance. The combination of MDMA's trust-enhancing effects and a therapist's supportive witnessing helps trauma survivors overcome dissociation and integrate difficult experiences. This approach succeeds by fostering genuine connection and self-trust.
Abstract
The MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies) sponsored MDMA-assisted therapy protocol has had greater success in treating traum...
Comparison of the analgesic dose of intravenous ketamine versus ketorolac in patients with chest trauma: A randomized double-blind clinical trial.
Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine – April 01, 2025
Summary
For patients with chest injuries, effective pain control can speed healing and improve outcomes. New research shows ketamine outperforms traditional ketorolac for managing severe chest pain, including in patients with rib fractures. In a 90-patient trial, those receiving ketamine reported significantly lower pain scores after 30 and 60 minutes, and needed less additional pain medication. While ketamine caused more nausea, it proved especially effective for patients with chest tubes.
Abstract
Pain management is a critical part of treatment in patients with chest trauma. Opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been the most ...
Merits and demerits of administering esketamine in preventing postpartum depression following cesarean section.
World journal of clinical cases – December 26, 2024
Summary
Rapid-acting esketamine shows promise in preventing postpartum depression for mothers undergoing cesarean section. By targeting the medial prefrontal cortex, this innovative treatment reduced depression rates by 60% compared to standard care. While some patients experienced mild adverse events like dizziness, the benefits outweighed risks for most new mothers.
Abstract
Emergency cesarean section is associated with the development of postpartum depression. Esketamine has been demonstrated to have a rapid onset of a...
Arketamine: a scoping review of its use in humans.
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience – December 16, 2024
Summary
A promising variant of ketamine shows potential for treating depression with fewer side effects. R-ketamine (arketamine) demonstrates strong antidepressant properties while causing less dissociation than traditional ketamine. Clinical trials involving 410 participants revealed positive outcomes in both pain management and mood disorders. This alternative appears safer and may offer longer-lasting benefits, particularly for patients seeking effective depression treatment.
Abstract
Arketamine (R-ketamine), an enantiomer of ketamine, has historically been less studied than esketamine (S-ketamine) and the racemic mixture. Recent...
Recent Interventions for Acute Suicidality Delivered in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review.
The western journal of emergency medicine – November 01, 2024
Summary
Emergency departments now have promising new tools to help suicidal patients. Ketamine and Crisis Response Planning (CRP) show particular potential for rapid intervention. Single-dose ketamine treatment and brief psychological interventions delivered in the ER helped reduce acute suicidal thoughts. While sample sizes were small, both approaches proved quick to implement and showed meaningful results in stabilizing patients during critical moments.
Abstract
Suicidality is a growing problem in the US, and the emergency department (ED) is often the front line for the management and effective treatment of...
Agitation: Neurobiology and current management guidelines.
The American journal of emergency medicine – February 01, 2025
Summary
Recent advances in neurobiology reveal that agitation stems from complex brain chemistry changes. Emergency departments now have updated protocols using targeted medications like ketamine and antipsychotics for rapid, effective calming. Benzodiazepines remain useful, while newer options like dexmedetomidine show promise. This personalized approach matches treatments to specific causes, improving patient care and safety.
Abstract
There have been important updates in the guidelines for the management of agitation in emergency room settings, including psychiatric emergency ser...
Real-World Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray: A Comprehensive Analysis of Esketamine and Respiratory Depression.
The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology – December 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking treatment for severe depression shows remarkable safety profile: Esketamine nasal spray causes minimal breathing concerns in real-world use. Analysis of 47 months of data reveals only 1 case of respiratory depression per 20,000 treatments. When issues occur, they're easily managed with basic monitoring and resolve quickly with simple supportive care.
Abstract
Esketamine nasal spray (ESK) is approved, in conjunction with an oral antidepressant, for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression in adults...
Effect of intravenous ketamine on suicidality in adults with treatment-resistant depression: A real world effectiveness study.
Psychiatry research – January 01, 2025
Summary
A single ketamine treatment can rapidly reduce suicidal thoughts in adults with hard-to-treat depression. In a Toronto clinic study of 96 patients, ketamine showed remarkable antisuicidal effects, shifting many from active to passive suicidal ideation. Using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, researchers found that ketamine's ability to reduce suicidal thoughts worked partially independent of its antidepressant benefits, suggesting a unique protective effect.
Abstract
Suicidal ideation is a significant symptom associated with mood disorders. Ketamine is an emerging treatment with rapid and robust antidepressant a...
Ketamine differentially affects implicit and explicit memory processes in rats.
Psychopharmacology – June 01, 2025
Summary
Ketamine's impact on memory is more nuanced than previously thought. While this drug is known for its antidepressant effects, research reveals it affects different types of memory in distinct ways. In fear conditioning tests, ketamine made it harder for rats to unlearn fearful memories. However, when navigating the Morris water maze, rats given ketamine actually showed improved ability to adapt to new routes. This suggests ketamine may selectively influence implicit and explicit memory processes, rather than causing overall memory impairment.
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, produces antidepressant effects at subanesthetic doses. The therapeutic effect, however, is o...
Cost-effectiveness of midomafetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) in chronic and treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder of moderate or higher severity: A health-economic model.
PloS one – January 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy could save the US healthcare system money while significantly improving outcomes for PTSD patients. This groundbreaking analysis reveals that despite higher upfront costs, MDMA therapy proves cost-effective by reducing long-term healthcare visits and additional treatments. Patients receiving MDMA therapy showed better quality of life outcomes compared to traditional therapy alone, with benefits lasting over a 5-year period.
Abstract
To explore the cost-effectiveness of midomafetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) compared to placebo with therapy (PT) in US healthcare settings. A h...
Clinical outcomes of ketamine in patients with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review.
International journal of critical illness and injury science – January 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine, a powerful sedative and anesthesia medication, shows promise but mixed results in treating traumatic brain injury patients. When doctors need to sedate patients with head injuries for ventilation support, choosing the right medication is crucial. Analysis of 886 patients across multiple hospitals revealed that ketamine sometimes lowered dangerous brain pressure and improved blood flow, while in other cases it had opposite effects. Most patients tolerated the treatment well, with stable vital signs and brain function during sedation.
Abstract
The current literature provides contradictory results concerning the impact of ketamine-induced anesthesia on traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes...
Effect of different doses of esketamine on the median effective concentration of propofol for inhibiting body movement during hysteroscopy.
Scientific reports – October 24, 2024
Summary
Combining anesthetics strategically can lead to better patient outcomes. When esketamine is paired with propofol during hysteroscopy procedures, doctors can use less propofol while still effectively preventing patient movement. Higher doses of esketamine (0.3 mg/kg) allowed for a 20% reduction in required propofol levels, while also reducing post-operative anxiety and depression scores.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of various doses of esketamine on the median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol r...
An evaluation of the efficacy and side effects of a single dose of ketamine in major depressive disorder.
Postgraduate medical journal – October 14, 2024
Summary
A single dose of ketamine can rapidly lift severe depression symptoms within just 4 hours. This groundbreaking treatment showed remarkable results in 120 patients with major depression, significantly reducing both depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. The improvement lasted at least 24 hours after treatment, with similar benefits seen across gender groups and treatment-resistant cases. While some patients experienced mild side effects, the dramatic mood improvements highlight ketamine's potential as a fast-acting option for those facing severe depression.
Abstract
This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the antidepressant and antisuicidal efficacy of ketamine in patients with unipolar depressio...
A study comparing brain wave patterns of fentanyl and ketamine in adult patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery.
Medicine – September 20, 2024
Summary
Brain activity patterns reveal that fentanyl induces deeper sleep-like states during surgery, while ketamine maintains higher mental activity. Researchers monitored brain waves of surgical patients receiving either drug, finding fentanyl created strong slow-wave patterns typical of deep unconsciousness. Ketamine patients showed more active brain patterns, suggesting lighter sedation and potentially faster recovery times. This insight helps doctors choose the most appropriate anesthetic for different procedures.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate and compare the neurophysiological impacts of two widely used anesthetic agents, Fentanyl and Ketamine, on EEG powe...
Design and methodology of the first open-label trial of MDMA-assisted therapy for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: Considerations for a randomized controlled trial.
Contemporary clinical trials communications – October 01, 2024
Summary
Veterans battling both PTSD and alcohol use disorder may find hope in a groundbreaking therapy approach. This pioneering trial explores MDMA-assisted psychotherapy as a dual treatment, combining supervised MDMA sessions with therapeutic support. The study follows 12 veterans through comprehensive treatment, tracking brain changes and measuring improvements in both trauma symptoms and alcohol use. Early indicators suggest this innovative approach could offer relief where traditional treatments have fallen short.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) commonly co-occur and are associated with more severe symptomatology than eithe...
KETAMINE: Neural- and network-level changes.
Neuroscience – November 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's remarkable ability to reshape brain connectivity offers new hope for treating mental health conditions. This groundbreaking research reveals how ketamine enhances neuroplasticity by promoting hyperconnectivity between brain regions and fine-tuning neural responses. The drug increases neural synchrony across brain networks while reducing firing variability, creating more robust connections between neurons. These changes in brain circuitry help explain ketamine's powerful therapeutic effects and its potential to rapidly improve mood disorders.
Abstract
Ketamine is a widely used clinical drug that has several functional and clinical applications, including its use as an anaesthetic, analgesic, anti...
Multi-level therapeutic actions of cannabidiol in ketamine-induced schizophrenia psychopathology in male rats.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – December 01, 2024
Summary
CBD shows promise in treating schizophrenia-like symptoms by restoring brain balance. Research reveals that cannabidiol effectively countered behavioral and neurological changes in rats treated with ketamine to mimic schizophrenia. The compound worked by normalizing brain activity in key regions, particularly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, helping restore proper neurotransmitter function.
Abstract
Repeated administration of ketamine (KET) has been used to model schizophrenia-like symptomatology in rodents, but the psychotomimetic neurobiologi...
Pharmacogenomics of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): A Narrative Review of the Literature.
Pharmaceutics – August 20, 2024
Summary
Genetic differences may explain why MDMA affects people differently, with some experiencing stronger therapeutic benefits than others. Research shows that variations in genes controlling MDMA metabolism and brain response influence individual reactions to the drug. Key findings reveal that specific genetic markers affect cognitive performance, cardiovascular response, and mood changes when MDMA is used. Understanding these genetic factors could help optimize therapeutic dosing and safety.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a synthetic amphetamine derivative with notable psychoactive properties and emerging therapeutic potent...
Neurocognitive changes in a patient receiving esketamine for treatment-resistant depression.
JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants – September 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking depression treatment showed unexpected effects on brain function in one patient. Doctors observed cognitive changes in a person using intranasal esketamine spray for severe depression. While the medication improved mood, it led to memory and thinking difficulties that worsened over time. This rare case highlights the importance of monitoring cognitive function during innovative depression treatments.
Abstract
Esketamine, the s(+) enantiomer of ketamine, was approved in 2019 as the first rapid-acting intranasal spray medication for treatment-resistant dep...
Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles miRNA Profiles Identify Children Who Experience Adverse Events after Ketamine Administration for Procedural Sedation.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics – January 01, 2025
Summary
Scientists have discovered specific molecular markers that can predict which children may experience side effects from ketamine sedation. By analyzing tiny genetic molecules in blood samples from 50 children, researchers identified three key markers that accurately predict adverse reactions like vomiting and agitation. These findings could help doctors better prepare for and potentially prevent uncomfortable side effects, making medical procedures safer and more comfortable for young patients.
Abstract
Ketamine provides the highest safety profile among sedatives for procedural sedation and analgesia in the pediatric emergency setting. However, it ...
Expert opinions on implementation of MDMA-assisted therapy in Europe: critical appraisal towards training, clinical practice, and regulation.
European journal of psychotraumatology – January 01, 2024
Summary
As MDMA-assisted therapy shows promise for treating PTSD, European experts are weighing in on implementation. A survey of 68 international specialists revealed strong support for standardized training and equitable access. They emphasize the need for coordinated regulation across Europe and science-based policy development to ensure safe, effective integration into mental healthcare systems.
Abstract
Introduction: The positive results of MDMA from Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials in MDMA-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for the treatment of post-traumati...
Evaluation of the Use of Ketamine in Prehospital Seizure Management: A Retrospective Review of the ESO Database.
Prehospital emergency care – July 31, 2024
Summary
Ketamine use in emergency seizure treatment has increased 62% from 2018 to 2021, offering new hope when traditional medications fail. Analysis of nearly 100,000 emergency calls revealed that paramedics increasingly turn to ketamine, both alone and with other drugs, particularly when standard treatments don't stop seizures. The medication proved especially valuable in urban areas and showed promise in treating adults who don't respond to conventional therapies.
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are the primary antiseizure medication used by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for seizures. Available literature in the United St...
Esketamine in depression: putative biomarkers from clinical research.
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience – July 13, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough research reveals how esketamine offers new hope for treatment-resistant depression through unique brain mechanisms. Neuroimaging shows this ketamine-based medication works by targeting specific brain regions like the prefrontal cortex. Biomarkers indicate its rapid antidepressant effects are linked to changes in inflammation and brain chemistry, offering a powerful option for patients who don't respond to traditional treatments.
Abstract
The discovery of racemic (R, S)-ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant and the subsequent FDA approval of its (S)-enantiomer, esketamine, for tr...
Hepatic injury and hepatic failure adverse events in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users reported to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA, often studied for PTSD treatment, shows remarkably few liver-related issues despite millions of annual doses. Analysis of FDA's adverse event reporting system (FAERS) found only 23 cases of liver problems among MDMA users, with just one case listing MDMA as the primary concern. Most cases involved drug interactions with known liver-toxic substances.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is being investigated in controlled clinical trials for use as an adjunct medication treatment for post-tr...
Cognitive functioning associated with acute and subacute effects of classic psychedelics and MDMA - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Scientific reports – June 26, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics and MDMA affect brain function differently: while psychedelics temporarily impact attention and decision-making, MDMA mainly affects memory. During the "afterglow" period following psychedelic use, people often experience enhanced creativity and mental clarity. These findings help explain how these substances work therapeutically and highlight their distinct cognitive effects.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics and MDMA have a colorful history of recreational use, and both have recently been re-evaluated as tools for the treatment of p...
Rapid and long-lasting effects of subcutaneous esketamine on suicidality: An open-label study in patients with treatment-resistant depression.
Journal of psychiatric research – August 01, 2024
Summary
A breakthrough in mental health treatment shows promise for rapid suicide prevention. Weekly subcutaneous esketamine injections helped patients with treatment-resistant depression experience significant drops in suicidal thoughts within 24 hours. The positive effects lasted up to six months after treatment ended, with 61% of participants achieving remission from suicidal ideation. This cost-effective approach offers new hope for those needing urgent intervention.
Abstract
Therapeutics for suicide management is limited, taking weeks to work. This open-label clinical trial with 18 treatment-resistant depressive patient...
Emergent Management of Status Epilepticus.
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Every minute counts when treating severe, continuous seizures. Quick action with the right medication can prevent brain damage and save lives. Research shows benzodiazepines are most effective as first-line treatment, administered through multiple routes. For resistant cases, three equally effective second-line drugs exist. Newer evidence supports ketamine use in both early and advanced stages, offering hope for difficult-to-treat cases.
Abstract
Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency that can be life- threatening. The key to effective management is recognition and prompt initiation of...
Ketamine and fluoxetine exert similar actions on prelimbic and infralimbic responsivity to lateral septal nucleus stimulation in Wistar rats.
Neuroscience letters – June 21, 2024
Summary
Both ketamine and the antidepressant fluoxetine similarly affect brain regions involved in emotional processing. Research reveals these drugs enhance inhibitory signals between the lateral septal nucleus and key areas of the prefrontal cortex. While fluoxetine reduced depression-like behaviors, ketamine's effects focused on brain circuitry changes, suggesting shared mechanisms in mood regulation.
Abstract
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that has been proposed to be a useful alternative in cases of a poor response to other treatments in patients...
Recurrent Serotonin Syndrome After Ketamine-assisted Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Journal of psychiatric practice – May 01, 2024
Summary
A rare but serious interaction between common depression treatments highlights important safety considerations. A 72-year-old patient experienced serotonin syndrome twice when receiving ketamine during electroconvulsive therapy. Both treatments can increase brain serotonin levels through different mechanisms, potentially creating dangerous combinations. Healthcare providers should carefully weigh risks when using these treatments together.
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) syndrome (SS) consists of changes in mental status as well as autonomic and neuromuscular changes. Though not well understood, ser...
Ketamine in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Narrative Review.
Alpha psychiatry – March 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine therapy shows remarkable promise in treating substance abuse, with studies revealing up to 65% reduction in cravings. This breakthrough treatment appears particularly effective for alcohol dependence, working by disrupting addiction pathways in the brain while promoting new neural connections. Clinical evidence suggests ketamine-assisted therapy helps patients maintain sobriety longer and experience fewer withdrawal symptoms.
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) continues to pose a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative and effective therapeutic interventi...
The efficacy and safety of ketamine in the treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review.
Journal of neurology – July 01, 2024
Summary
When severe epileptic seizures don't respond to standard treatments, the anesthetic ketamine offers hope. Analysis of hospital data shows this medication effectively stops super-refractory status epilepticus - a dangerous form of continuous seizures - with fewer side effects than alternatives. Early administration proved particularly beneficial, with patients showing significant improvement in seizure control and recovery outcomes.
Abstract
Ketamine, as an anesthetic, has been considered for terminating status epilepticus (SE); however, due to the urgency and severity of the condition,...
Ketamine-enhanced prolonged exposure therapy in veterans with PTSD: A randomized controlled trial protocol.
Contemporary clinical trials – August 01, 2024
Summary
Veterans struggling with PTSD may soon have access to a groundbreaking treatment combining ketamine with prolonged exposure therapy. This innovative approach pairs controlled ketamine doses with traditional trauma therapy sessions, potentially helping those who haven't responded to standard treatments. Early data suggests ketamine could enhance therapy effectiveness by improving fear extinction and memory processing.
Abstract
The 2023 VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of PTSD recommends individual, manualized trauma-focused such as Prolonged Exposure ...
Epidural dexmedetomidine or esketamine versus fentanyl to decrease ropivacaine use for labor analgesia: A randomized non-inferiority study.
Heliyon – May 15, 2024
Summary
Pain management during childbirth takes a leap forward as new research shows dexmedetomidine matches fentanyl's effectiveness when combined with ropivacaine for epidural labor analgesia. This breakthrough offers an alternative to traditional opioid-based pain relief. The study compared three adjuvant medications mixed with local anesthetic, finding dexmedetomidine performed equally well while causing less itching than fentanyl. Esketamine showed promise but required slightly higher doses.
Abstract
Epidural nonopioid adjuvants also reduce local anesthetic use. We aimed to test the hypothesis that, compared with the present standard fentanyl, t...