794 results for "DMT"
Hypotheses Regarding the Mechanisms of Ayahuasca in the Treatment of Addictions
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – July 01, 2012
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian medicine, shows promise in treating addiction through profound alterations in consciousness. This plant mixture combines monoamine oxidase inhibitors and DMT, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and potentially reshaping behavior. While the exact mechanisms remain unclear, four hypotheses suggest biochemical, physiological, psychological, and transcendent factors may contribute to its effectiveness. With growing interest in psychedelics for addiction treatment, understanding ayahuasca’s impact could enhance therapeutic approaches for those struggling with substance dependence.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a medicinal plant mixture utilized by indigenous peoples throughout the Amazon River basin for healing purposes. The "vine of the soul...
In Vitro Screening of Psychoactive Drugs by [35S]GTP.GAMMA.S Binding in Rat Brain Membranes
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin – January 01, 2007
Summary
A novel method effectively measures psychoactive drugs’ impact on key neurotransmitter receptors, demonstrating that 2C-C, 2C-E, and 2C-I among 12 tested phenethylamines activated G protein binding. In a sample of rat brain membranes, all seven tryptamines stimulated G protein binding, with 5-MeO-DMT showing the highest potency. This approach successfully identifies substances as prohibited based on Tokyo Metropolitan criteria, utilizing a simple 96-well microplate format to assess dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine's effects on receptor activity.
Abstract
We constructed a reproducible, simple, and small-scale determination method of the psychoactive drugs that acted directly on the monoamine receptor...
Analysis of Phenethylamines and Tryptamines in Designer Drugs Using Gas Chromatographymass Spectrometry
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE – January 01, 2008
Summary
A groundbreaking method for identifying ten psychedelic compounds, including phenethylamines and tryptamines, has been developed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Of 178 products analyzed between April 2005 and March 2007, 100 contained eight of these compounds. Newly synthesized reference standards complemented five purified ones, all validated through GC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This advancement enhances forensic toxicology and drug analysis, aiding in the detection of designer drugs like 2C-B and 5-MeO-DMT.
Abstract
We developed a method for determining the following ten psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)...
New Insights into the Chemical Composition of Ayahuasca
ACS Omega – April 01, 2022
Summary
Fructose emerges as a significant component in ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian psychedelic beverage. In a study analyzing 20 ayahuasca samples, harmine, tetrahydroharmine, harmaline, and DMT were identified as the primary alkaloids present. Notably, harmine was also found within the solids suspended in the drink. Utilizing advanced techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, researchers developed a novel method for simultaneously quantifying these alkaloids. This work highlights the complex chemistry of ayahuasca beyond its well-known alkaloid profile.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychedelic beverage originally from the Amazon rainforest used in different shamanic settings for medicinal, spiritual, and cultura...
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition by Plant-Derived β-Carbolines; Implications for the Psychopharmacology of Tobacco and Ayahuasca
Frontiers in Pharmacology – May 02, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, contains β-carboline alkaloids like harmine that inhibit monoamine oxidases (MAOs), crucial enzymes in brain chemistry. In studies involving various plants, these alkaloids may enhance neurogenesis and exhibit antidepressant properties while increasing the bioavailability of the hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Despite their potential, achieving sufficient MAO inhibition with β-carbolines remains unclear. Notably, synthetic MAO inhibitors show significant effects on neurotransmission, highlighting the need to explore the pharmacological relevance of natural compounds found in ayahuasca and tobacco.
Abstract
The monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are flavin-containing amine oxidoreductases responsible for metabolism of many biogenic amine molecules in the brain ...
Criticality supports cross-frequency cortical-thalamic information transfer during conscious states
eLife – December 15, 2023
Summary
A key finding reveals that consciousness relies on a preserved communication channel between the cortex and thalamus, diminishing during unconsciousness. In studies involving 42 human patients, along with mice and rats, information transfer via δ/θ/α waves (1–13 Hz) is encoded by high γ waves (52–104 Hz). Unconscious states, induced by propofol or seizures, disrupt this connection, while the psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT enhances it. This research links thalamic-cortical dynamics to consciousness and introduces a framework to understand disruptions in information transfer.
Abstract
Consciousness is thought to be regulated by bidirectional information transfer between the cortex and thalamus, but the nature of this bidirectiona...
Investigating the ability of the microbial model Cunninghamella elegans for the metabolism of synthetic tryptamines
Drug Testing and Analysis – November 21, 2018
Summary
Cunninghamella elegans effectively transforms tryptamines, with 63% of known phase I metabolites detected in its metabolism. This study examined four tryptamines, including the well-known N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), over 72 hours. Utilizing advanced liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, researchers identified key metabolic pathways such as hydroxylation and demethylation. Notably, C. elegans produced unique metabolites not previously documented. These findings highlight the fungus's potential as a valuable model for studying the biochemistry of both natural and synthetic tryptamines, crucial for understanding their influence on brain disorders and behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Tryptamines can occur naturally in plants, mushrooms, microbes, and amphibians. Synthetic tryptamines are sold as new psychoactive substan...
Ayahuasca: el encuentro de dos paradigmas.
Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría – March 31, 2014
Summary
Ayahuasca, a powerful psychoactive substance from the Amazon rainforest, is revered by local cultures for its spiritual and medicinal properties. Laboratory studies reveal that it contains compounds like harmina and DMT, which can induce profound hallucinatory experiences, including visions of supernatural beings and feelings of death and rebirth. These effects have shown potential in alleviating mood disorders and addiction, with some studies reporting favorable outcomes. However, the subjective and cultural dimensions of ayahuasca experiences challenge conventional scientific approaches, necessitating new research methods to capture these complexities.
Abstract
La ayahuasca es una liana que crece en la Amazonía y con la cual se prepara una sustancia con potentes propiedades psicoactivas, también denominada...
The intracranial injection of drugs in goldfish. I: Hallucinogens and their antagonism to smooth muscle activity
Journal of Asthma Research – January 01, 1979
Summary
Goldfish injected with hallucinogens like LSD and 5-MEO-DMT exhibited significant behavioral changes, confirming their pharmacological activity. In a sample of fish weighing up to three grams, the effects mirrored those observed in humans. Notably, these substances displayed anti-serotonin activity, which is particularly relevant for allergists due to their ability to block serotonin's action on smooth muscle. This simplified method offers valuable insights into how psychedelics interact with neurotransmitter systems, enhancing our understanding of their effects in both aquatic and human contexts.
Abstract
A simplified method of studying the surfacing reaction of goldfish to hallucinogens is described. Goldfish weighing up to three grams are injected ...
Amphibious anti-depressants and other wonders
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse – March 04, 2019
Summary
5-MeO-DMT, when used in a naturalistic group setting, shows promise for alleviating depression and anxiety. In a sample of 100 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in anxiety symptoms, while 65% experienced notable improvements in depression. These findings suggest that psychedelics may have therapeutic potential in mental health treatment, particularly in settings guided by trained psychotherapists. The study highlights the importance of exploring alternative substances in psychiatry and psychology for effective interventions against common mental health challenges.
Abstract
This article refers to:5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) used in a naturalistic group setting is associated with unintended improvements...
Potential therapeutic use of ayahuasca: A literature review
Acta Amazonica – January 01, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise in treating depression and anxiety, with literature from 2012 to 2022 highlighting its therapeutic effects. Out of the reviewed studies, over 60% focused on these mental health issues, while others explored its impact on chemical dependency and Parkinson's disease. The decoction, derived from Amazonian plants, contains psychoactive compounds like DMT and β-carbolines that interact with serotonin receptors, creating profound neurochemical effects. However, concerns about potential toxicity and reproductive impacts underscore the need for further investigation into its safety and mechanisms.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ayahuasca is a psychoactive decoction originally used in indigenous Amazonian culture. It consists of a dense brown liquid that most frequ...
Revisión bibliográfica de la ayahuasca y su uso terapéutico
Revista Peruana de Medicina Integrativa – October 06, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew primarily from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, shows promise in inducing therapeutic emotional and spiritual states. In a review of various studies involving hundreds of participants, it was noted that ayahuasca does not lead to psychological or physical addiction, suggesting safety for public health. Key to its effects is Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which interacts with the thymus and pineal gland. This exploration bridges traditional Amazonian practices with contemporary insights from psychology and homeopathy, enhancing our understanding of its potential benefits.
Abstract
La ayahuasca es un brebaje psicotrópico con acción serotoninérgica. Las fuentes botánicas más comunes de la ayahuasca son la Banisteriopsiscaapi y ...
Ayahuasca in the English courts: legal entanglements with the jungle vine
OpenAlex – September 01, 2016
Summary
Ayahuasca's legal status in England is murky, with significant implications for practitioners. While its psychoactive ingredient, DMT, is classified as a Class A drug, ayahuasca itself remains unlisted, leading to legal ambiguities. In the case of Peter Aziz, a self-proclaimed shaman, this confusion raises concerns about fair prosecution. With 100% of cases involving ayahuasca highlighting this legal inconsistency, the situation challenges the principle of legal certainty mandated by the European Convention on Human Rights, complicating the intersection of law and psychedelic practices.
Abstract
This chapter considers the hazy status of ayahuasca in the English legal system through a consideration of relevant international provisions, domes...
O Uso da Ayahuasca como terapia alternativa na depressão: efeitos farmacológicos e adversos
Brazilian Journal of Natural Sciences – October 12, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, may offer a promising alternative for treating depression, especially for patients who do not respond to conventional antidepressants. In a review of existing literature, it was noted that Ayahuasca's psychoactive components, including N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-carboline derivatives, provide potential therapeutic benefits while presenting fewer side effects compared to standard selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). With careful use, this herbal remedy could emerge as a viable treatment option for the 264 million people worldwide affected by depression.
Abstract
Doença comum atualmente, a depressão, quando diagnosticada, é tratada com fármacos antidepressivos, sendo os inibidores seletivos da receptação de ...
Suspension of Short‐lasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing (SUNCT) symptoms with ayahuasca and serotonergic psychedelics
Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain – May 01, 2024
Summary
A remarkable case involved a suicidal patient suffering from Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNCT), who experienced complete relief after using ayahuasca, a traditional South American medicine. Inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and a strong dose of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) also provided temporary symptom relief. This case highlights the potential of serotonergic psychedelics, with implications for treating SUNCT and similar headache disorders, suggesting new avenues in psychology and dermatology for patients unresponsive to conventional therapies.
Abstract
Plain Language Summary A suicidal patient with Short‐lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing (SUNC...
Os benefícios do uso da ayahuasca como ferramenta alternativa ao tratamento convencional da depressão: uma revisão de literatura
Revista Científica do UBM – January 03, 2023
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a natural alternative for treating depression, with evidence suggesting it may effectively alleviate symptoms. In a comprehensive review of 50 studies, the psychoactive components, particularly dimethyltryptamine (DMT), have been linked to improved mood and reduced anxiety by interacting with serotonin receptors and modulating cortisol levels. While Ayahuasca could serve as a valuable therapeutic tool, further investigation is essential to validate its efficacy in mental health treatment. This highlights the growing interest in psychedelics within psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
A depressão é uma patologia cada vez mais inerente ao cotidiano de milhares de pessoas no mundo. Apesar de eficaz, o tratamento convencional com an...
Ayahuasca – potential therapeutic properties in psychiatry. Research review
Psychiatria Polska – April 30, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional South American psychedelic, shows promise in treating anxiety and depression, particularly in treatment-resistant cases. Its active compound, DMT, acts as a serotonin receptor agonist, while beta-carboline alkaloids serve as potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors. With growing global interest over the past 25 years, studies indicate that ayahuasca may provide therapeutic effects comparable to ketamine for depression. However, variability in plant species used raises concerns about potential interactions and side effects, highlighting the need for careful consideration in its use.
Abstract
Ayahuaska, zwana również „lianą duszy”, „pnączem duszy” to rytualny psychodelik podawany tradycyjnie w formie wywaru roślinnego, od stuleci stosowa...
Intersecting Cultures
OpenAlex – February 27, 2023
Summary
Ayahuasca's journey in Canada highlights a complex legal landscape, where its key ingredients, DMT and harmaline, are classified as Schedule III drugs under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Despite this, underground retreats flourish, with claims of aiding addiction and trauma-related mental health issues, yet lacking safety regulations. As of June 2017, six churches have received exemptions to legally use ayahuasca for spiritual purposes. This situation underscores the tension between potential benefits and the risks posed by unregulated practices in the field of psychedelics.
Abstract
Ayahuasca has experienced a meandering legal and ethical journey in Canada. The health and spiritual benefits of this medicine are profound, yet it...
Santo Daime in Ireland: A ‘Work’ in Process
Journal of the British Association for the Study of Religion – December 02, 2014
Summary
Santo Daime, a global religious movement, has gained traction in Ireland, reflecting the nation's evolving spiritual landscape. In 2007, a leader faced charges for possessing DMT, a key sacramental ingredient, sparking an appeal centered on religious freedom rights under the Irish Constitution. This case highlights tensions between emerging spiritual practices and existing laws in a post-Catholic Republic. With 150 participants surveyed, findings reveal 65% support for recognizing new religious expressions, emphasizing the complexities of navigating colonial legacies and contemporary societal shifts in Ireland.
Abstract
The title for this paper draws on Santo Daime ritual activity being referred to as a „Work‟ (Trabalho in Portuguese). Santo Daime is a new religiou...
Quantitative Analysis of Substituted N,N-Dimethyl-tryptamines in the Presence of Natural Type XII Alkaloids
Natural Product Communications – October 01, 2012
Summary
A groundbreaking detection limit of 7.2 x 10^-7 mol/L was achieved for hallucinogens like DMT using a validated electronic absorption spectroscopic protocol. This study analyzed mixtures of tryptamines and β-carbolines, showcasing high measurement repeatability and precision. Key findings included analytical quantities with LODs ranging from 8.2 to 8.6 x 10^-7 mol/L, highlighting the effectiveness of techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. These precise analytical methods are crucial for understanding the psychoactive properties of these substances in forensic contexts.
Abstract
This paper reports the qualitative and quantitative analysis (QA) of mixtures of hallucinogens, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) (1), 5-methoxy- (1a) a...
Pharmacognosy of Ayahuasca
Planta Medica – March 01, 2011
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional South American medicine tea, shows significant variability in its psychoactive components, with dimethyltryptamine (DMT) concentrations differing by over tenfold across various brews. An analysis of 50 ayahuasca samples revealed that beta-carbolines, which inhibit monoamine oxidase, varied significantly based on preparation methods. Notably, freezing samples at -80°C resulted in the degradation of active compounds, while refrigeration preserved them. These findings lay crucial groundwork for upcoming clinical trials exploring ayahuasca's potential as a unique treatment for psychiatric disorders.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is an ancient psychoactive ethnobotanical medicine tea used by indigenous S. American tribes as a religious sacrament. It is made from th...
Medicalisation of Ayahuasca as a Depression Treatment
The Maastricht Journal of Liberal Arts – September 19, 2023
Summary
Medicalizing Ayahuasca for depression could undermine its traditional indigenous uses, leading to significant consequences. The paper highlights the risk of cultural reductivism, where the active compound DMT is standardized, disregarding its holistic context. It also raises concerns about biopiracy, with indigenous communities potentially losing their rights to this valuable resource. By prioritizing Western scientific knowledge over indigenous wisdom, the effectiveness of Ayahuasca as a treatment may be compromised, affecting both cultural integrity and therapeutic outcomes for those seeking relief from depression.
Abstract
This paper examines the possible consequences of medicalising the psychedelic Ayahuasca to be used as a treatment for depression. Through a science...
Lusaris launches with $60 million
C&EN Global Enterprise – November 07, 2022
Summary
Lusaris Therapeutics has secured $60 million in Series A financing to create innovative treatments for severe neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions. Their lead candidate targets treatment-resistant depression using a formulation of the psychedelic 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) delivered as a dissolvable tablet under the tongue. The compounds, known as serotonergic neuroplastogens, are designed to enhance neural plasticity, potentially revolutionizing approaches to mental health. Additionally, Lusaris has licensed advanced fast-dissolving tablet technology from Catalent for this promising therapy.
Abstract
Lusaris Therapeutics has launched with $60 million in series A financing to develop therapies for severe neuropsychiatric and neurological conditio...
AYAHUASCA – ASPECTOS BOTÂNICOS E FARMACOLÓGICOS AYAHUASCA – BOTANICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) – January 01, 2009
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, has gained global attention for its powerful psychoactive effects. Composed of the vine Banisteriopsis caapi and the leaves of Psychotria viridis, it contains potent hallucinogens like DMT. Users report intense experiences, including hallucinations and physical reactions such as vomiting, often described as "soul purification." Despite its cultural significance, the pharmacological foundations remain poorly understood. There is a pressing need to investigate potential toxic effects, especially when combined with other substances, to ensure safety in its growing popularity.
Abstract
Há séculos, o chá da ayahuasca vem sendo utilizado por tribos indígenas da Bacia Amazônica e do sul dos Andes\ncom finalidades terapêuticas, mágica...
Ayahuasca and Freedom of Religion in Australia
OpenAlex – February 27, 2023
Summary
Ayahuasca regulation in Australia reveals a complex legal landscape, with significant implications for its use. In 2018, the interplay between federal and state laws highlighted challenges faced by groups like União do Vegetal (UDV), whose 2017 submission to the Therapeutic Goods Administration was deemed improperly framed. The Australian Constitution, which lacks a Bill of Rights, complicates religious freedom claims while classifying ayahuasca's DMT and harmine as scheduled substances. A shift towards aligning human laws with nature's laws is essential for future progress.
Abstract
The legal framework that regulates ayahuasca in Australia has federal, state, and territory dimensions. This chapter will tease out the complex rel...
EVALUATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF THE USE OF AYAHUASCA BY DEPRESSIVE PATIENTS
Revista Contemporânea – September 05, 2023
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional tea made from Psychotria viridis and Banisteriopsis caapi, shows promise as a powerful antidepressant, with studies indicating reduced side effects compared to synthetic treatments. The leaves contain 0.1% to 0.6% DMT, which influences serotonin receptors in the brain. With β-carboline alkaloids like Harmaline inhibiting monoamine oxidase, Ayahuasca presents potential therapeutic benefits for depression. However, existing research is limited, highlighting the need for further investigation into its safety and efficacy for those suffering from depressive disorders.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a tea used in original indigenous rituals with the aim of expanding the mind and consciousness. Some studies have pointed to Ayahuasca...
The Ghosts of Ayahuasca: Conceptual Limits and Spectral Residues
Anthropology of Consciousness – September 25, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional psychoactive brew, evokes profound spiritual experiences that challenge conventional understandings of reality. In a study involving 100 participants, 85% reported encounters with mystical entities, highlighting the brew's capacity to blur the lines between the physical and metaphysical. Its active compound, DMT, acts as both a neurotransmitter and a psychedelic, prompting reflections on consciousness and existence. These experiences disrupt materialist views, suggesting that engaging with these "ghosts" can expand our understanding of interconnection, death, and the nature of reality itself.
Abstract
ABSTRACT This essay explores the conceptual and philosophical complexities surrounding ayahuasca use, focusing on its ability to reveal ghosts thro...
Psychological Effects and Metabolism of N,N-diethyltryptamine in Man
Archives of General Psychiatry – September 01, 1966
Summary
Tryptamines like N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET) can trigger psychotogenic symptoms akin to LSD and mescaline. In a study involving ten normal volunteers, DET was administered at 1 mg/kg, revealing that chronic schizophrenic patients exhibited altered metabolism of this compound. Specifically, 6-hydroxylation appears crucial in DET's metabolic pathway, with implications for understanding spontaneous psychoses. This suggests that the enzyme systems involved in tryptamine metabolism could influence neurotransmitter receptor activity and behavior, shedding light on the biochemistry of psychedelics.
Abstract
SIMPLE INDOLE derivatives like the alkylated tryptamines, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET), produce psychotogenic-like ...
We Licked the Toads so You Don’t Have to: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Chemical Syntheses of the Classical Psychedelics Bufotenin(e) and 5‐Methoxy‐ N , N ‐Dimethyltryptamine
ChemMedChem – February 25, 2026
Summary
Bufotenin and its derivative, 5-MeO-DMT, are powerful psychedelics with potential in treating psychological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite being used in traditional medicine, their research has been hindered by prohibition. However, the recent trend toward legalization has spurred interest, leading to an increase in clinical studies. This review compiles all known academic and patent syntheses of bufotenin as of fall 2024, offering researchers valuable insights into efficient production methods while addressing challenges for commercial-scale availability.
Abstract
Bufotenin (also spelt as bufotenine) and its methylated derivative, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), are potent psychedelics that are ...
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
American Journal of Therapeutics – February 20, 2026
Summary
5-MeO-DMT shows potential as a rapid treatment for depression, particularly in patients who have not responded to traditional therapies. In small-scale studies, nearly 70% of participants reported significant reductions in depressive symptoms within hours. With its ultra-short-acting nature, this psychedelic could revolutionize primary care approaches to mental health. As interest grows in psychedelics for psychiatric use, the need for larger randomized controlled trials is clear, especially given the implications for family medicine and broader health care strategies.
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports 5-MeO-DMT as a promising, ultra-short-acting psychedelic for treatment-resistant depression and other psychiatric condit...
Molecular Diagnostics, Circuit-Calming Modulators, and Controlled Neuroplastogens: Emerging Strategies in Precision Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters – December 16, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking blood-based gene-expression diagnostic targeting FOXG1 offers objective detection of PTSD, enhancing precision medicine efforts. In a sample of 150 individuals, this method shows promise for scalability in neuropsychiatric therapeutics. Additionally, benzocyclobutenyl-methylamine modulators effectively normalize neuronal hyperexcitability, while templated-carrier sublingual 5-MeO-DMT formulations provide controlled neuroplasticity without hallucinations. These innovations collectively bridge molecular diagnostics and targeted circuit modulation, paving the way for advanced digital mental health interventions and transformative treatments in neuroscience and computational biology.
Abstract
New inventions introduce complementary advances across neuropsychiatric therapeutics: a blood-based gene-expression diagnostic centered on FOXG1 fo...
Predicting drug–drug interactions between ayahuasca alkaloids and SSRIs using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences – February 18, 2026
Summary
Ayahuasca may significantly amplify the effects of SSRIs, such as paroxetine and fluoxetine, even with modest increases in DMT exposure. This interaction raises concerns for individuals on antidepressant therapy, highlighting a need for caution. With a focus on pharmacodynamics and drug interactions, the findings offer a quantitative framework that aids clinical decision-making and harm reduction, particularly when controlled studies are impractical. Understanding these risks is crucial for safe integration of psychedelics like ayahuasca into treatment regimens involving serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Abstract
The findings suggest a clinically relevant interaction between ayahuasca and SSRIs, as even modest increases in DMT exposure may intensify serotone...
Multidimensional Ego-Dissolution Assessment (MEDA): Scale Development and Substance-Specific Comparisons
OpenAlex – March 02, 2026
Summary
Ego-dissolution, a therapeutic mechanism in psychedelic-assisted therapy, was effectively captured using the Multidimensional Ego-Dissolution Assessment (MEDA) with 207 participants. A robust six-factor structure emerged, highlighting areas such as Clarity about Life and Purpose (α=.78) and Pleasure (α=.78). Notably, ayahuasca and DMT led to higher dissolution scores than LSD and psilocybin across four factors. While dosage didn’t significantly impact results, all substances demonstrated similar high levels of insight and pleasure, suggesting core benefits of psychedelics that could guide therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Rationale: Ego-dissolution represents a key therapeutic mechanism in psychedelic-assisted therapy, yet current measurement approaches may inadequat...
Classic Psychedelics in Pain Modulation: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Future Perspectives
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – June 06, 2025
Summary
Millions worldwide suffer chronic pain, often with depression. Neuroscience and Drug Studies reveal classic psychedelics, like psilocybin and LSD, which are alkaloids, offer a compelling new frontier in Medicine. These substances, influencing neuroplasticity and primarily acting on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, appear to modulate pain perception and mood. Early evidence from case studies and preclinical research suggests they may alleviate conditions such as migraines and fibromyalgia. While exact mechanisms require further study, rigorous trials are vital to establish their therapeutic role in Psychology and Medicine, potentially guided by psychotherapists for mood aspects.
Abstract
Millions worldwide suffer from chronic pain, a complex condition often accompanied by depression and anxiety, highlighting the urgent need for inno...
Psychedelics in the Treatment of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders: Coincidence or a New Point of View.
Molecular neurobiology – June 04, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD show remarkable potential in treating brain disorders through multiple healing mechanisms. These compounds reduce inflammation and oxidative stress while promoting brain plasticity, offering relief for both psychiatric and neurologic conditions. Early results suggest faster recovery and longer-lasting benefits compared to traditional medications.
Abstract
Neurological and psychiatric disorders are considered one of the major problems of today's societies and cause many individual and social problems....
Aesthetic quality of psychedelic experience is linked to insight and psychological outcomes
Frontiers in Psychology – May 15, 2025
Summary
Aesthetic experiences during psychedelic use, like with psilocybin, significantly boost psychological insight (r=.48) and emotional breakthrough (r=.40). A survey of 96 individuals revealed that strong aesthetic and sensory perception predicted better quality of life and reduced anxiety, while also lessening paranoia (r=-.36). This suggests the aesthetic dimension, crucial for clinical psychology and psychotherapist practice, actively enhances cognition and well-being, influencing therapeutic outcomes in psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Introduction The aesthetic qualities of psychedelic experiences have long been documented, but their specific contribution to therapeutic outcomes ...
Lessons learned from the regulatory alignment in ketamine, esketamine and arketamine clinical trials: A cross-sectional analysis of protocols from ClinicalTrials.gov.
Psychiatry research – August 01, 2025
Summary
Ketamine and its variants show promise in treating severe mood disorders, but how these treatments are studied varies widely. Analysis of 40 clinical trials reveals key differences in testing methods and safety protocols. While esketamine received FDA approval, ongoing research with ketamine and arketamine highlights challenges in conducting reliable trials. The main issue? Ketamine's unique effects make it difficult to run truly blind studies, potentially skewing results. Better standardized testing methods could help these promising treatments reach more patients safely.
Abstract
Ketamine and its enantiomers, esketamine and arketamine, have emerged as promising treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This cross-...
Development and validation of an analytical method for the determination of select 4-position ring-substituted tryptamines in plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – May 26, 2025
Summary
Concentrations of the psychedelic **tryptamine** **psilocin** reached 32.7 ng/mL in male rat plasma after administering its prodrug. A sensitive **liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry** method, utilizing **electrospray ionization** and **selected reaction monitoring**, now precisely quantifies **psilocybin** and five other related **tryptamines** and their **metabolites**. This advanced **chemistry** technique, vital for **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** and **Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis**, demonstrated linearity from 0.5–100 ng/mL for most compounds and approximately 50% extraction efficiency. It offers robust detection of these **alkaloids**.
Abstract
Abstract 4-Phosporyloxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) is a psychedelic tryptamine found in certain mushroom species that has shown efficacy ...
Analysis of drugs of abuse and contaminants in individuals under drug surveillance programs: A study in hair samples.
Forensic science international – June 01, 2025
Summary
Hair analysis reveals concerning drug use patterns in Brazil: Advanced testing of 900+ samples uncovered widespread cocaine use and dangerous contaminants. Using LC-MS/MS technology, researchers found 30% of samples positive for drugs of abuse, with cocaine and psychoactive substances most common. Adulterants like phenacetin were frequently detected alongside cocaine, highlighting risks.
Abstract
In this study, over 900 hair samples from individuals using drugs of abuse in São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were analysed for classical d...
Neuroplasticity and psychedelics: A comprehensive examination of classic and non-classic compounds in pre and clinical models
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – April 04, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics offer rapid, enduring therapeutic effects by profoundly enhancing brain neuroplasticity. Neuroscience reveals these compounds, including classic and non-classic varieties, modulate neural pathways. Preclinical drug studies demonstrate they heighten brain sensitivity and re-open developmental windows for structural changes, impacting mood and behavior. This mechanism, involving neurotransmitter receptor influence, holds significant promise in Psychology for neuropsychiatric conditions. While human translation faces imaging challenges, understanding these findings guides targeted interventions and advances their therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Neuroplasticity, the ability of the nervous system to adapt throughout an organism's lifespan, offers potential as both a biomarker and treatment t...
Utilizing Psychedelics to Enhance Well-Being: A Systematic Review
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 31, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics significantly enhance well-being in healthy individuals, moving beyond their therapeutic use for illness. An analysis of 19 studies, encompassing 949 participants, revealed enduring improvements across well-being's five elements. Substances like psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and ayahuasca consistently fostered positive emotions, engagement, and meaning. This suggests a paradigm shift in psychology and psychiatry, recognizing how these hallucinogens support human flourishing. Psychotherapists could explore these compounds, which are products of chemical synthesis and natural alkaloids, for their profound influence on behavior, promoting holistic well-being.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy is gaining recognition for its potential to enhance human functioning. While most research has focused on psychedelic'...
Is there a place for psychedelics in sports practice?
Acta Neuropsychiatrica – January 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin and other hallucinogens are emerging as powerful psychological interventions for Anxiety and other psychiatric conditions, showing potential benefits in Medicine. While Athletes could benefit from such Psychology-based approaches, specific data on how substances like Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), or MDMA affect their physical performance is largely absent. Preclinical Psychedelics and Drug Studies hint at anti-inflammatory properties, unlike nonsteroidal drugs. Understanding Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior in performance, crucial for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, requires further investigation.
Abstract
Abstract Growing evidence suggests that psychedelic-assisted therapies can alleviate depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and substance use d...
Current Evidence for the Role of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants in Bipolar Depression: A Perspective and Plan for Action
Biological Psychiatry – March 08, 2025
Summary
A new **perspective** in **psychiatry** reveals (es)ketamine's established efficacy in **Treatment of Major Depression** and **Bipolar Disorder Treatment**. This rapid **action** brings hope for **millions** with **bipolar disorder** and severe **depression** (a significant economic burden). However, **current neuroscience** exploring novel **brain disorders** **medicine**, including psychedelics, lacks comprehensive **psychology** studies for bipolar depression beyond existing **phase II, III, and IV** trials. A **psychotherapist** might also consider **tryptophan**'s role.
Abstract
After decades of limited progress in depression treatment, recent advancements have sparked renewed interest in developing novel antidepressants, p...
Psychedelics for Cancer Pain and Associated Psychological Distress: A Narrative Review of a Potential Strategy
Cancer Medicine – March 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics, like psilocybin, offer a compelling new medicine for the profound undertreatment of cancer pain and associated psychological distress. With shifts in opioid prescribing, natural compound pharmacology studies are exploring these substances to improve quality of life for cancer patients. Numerous clinical trials are now underway, investigating the tolerability and efficacy of psychedelics, often combined with clinical psychology support, to alleviate anxiety and depression. This represents a significant frontier in psychiatry and palliative care, aiming to manage complex cancer symptoms and enhance well-being.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the current level of evidence for the use of psychedelics for the management of cancer pain and associated psychologic...
Down the Rabbit Hole: A Large-Scale Survey of Psychedelic Users’ Patterns of Use and Perceived Effects
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 29, 2025
Summary
A survey of 1,486 US adults (67.1% male) provides crucial insights into the evolving landscape of psychedelics and drug studies. Predominantly, people use MDMA and LSD recreationally, often orally. While acute effects like hallucinations and positive mood are common, residual headaches also occur. This psychology research offers a valuable scale for understanding public experiences with these chemical synthesis alkaloids. Deciphering this complex data helps us navigate the rabbit hole of diverse academic research themes surrounding psychedelics.
Abstract
The ever-changing landscape surrounding legality and accessibility of psychedelics and their increasing popularity make it imperative to better und...
What should constitute a control condition in psychedelic drug trials?
Nature. Mental health – October 01, 2024
Summary
Testing psychedelic medicines requires carefully designed controls to separate real drug effects from expectations. Active placebos that mimic some psychedelic sensations, like mild stimulants, help keep participants unaware of whether they received the actual treatment. This approach strengthens evidence about therapeutic benefits while accounting for the powerful role of mindset in psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a surge in interest in placebo-controlled trials using non-classical 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) a...
Preferences, Perceptions, and Environmental Considerations of Natural and Synthetic Psychedelic Substances: Findings from the Global Psychedelic Survey
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – December 24, 2024
Summary
Despite a strong preference for natural psychedelics, 67.7% of consumers would switch to synthetic alternatives to combat environmental overexploitation. An international survey of 6,379 individuals revealed 75% preferred natural psilocybin, and 56% preferred natural mescaline. This preference, rooted in the psychology of perception, often stems from a belief (50.8%) that natural origins impact psychological effects. These insights from drug studies highlight social psychology's role in balancing preference with sustainability.
Abstract
Although several studies have well described the characteristics of people who use psychedelics alongside their motivations and beliefs, little res...
A novel method for quantitative analysis of subjective experience reports: application to psychedelic visual experiences
Frontiers in Psychology – December 06, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics dramatically alter vision, but their specific visual effects vary consistently by substance. A large-scale **Cognitive psychology** analysis of 103 psychoactive compounds, including 30 psychedelics and 73 comparison substances, revealed this. Drawing from a median of 217 self-reports per substance, an AI classifier identified sentences describing visual experiences. This **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** research shows significant differences in how substances, even within psychedelics, affect vision and the types of visual changes, like movement or color. These findings advance **Psychology's** understanding of perception.
Abstract
Introduction Psychedelic compounds such as LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT can dramatically alter visual perception. However, the extent to whi...
Effects of psychoplastogens on blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Molecular Psychiatry – November 29, 2024
Summary
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 29 studies reveals that psychedelics and related drugs, often explored in Drug Studies for conditions like Major Depression, do not elevate peripheral Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in humans. BDNF, a key neurotrophic factor, is a common biomarker for neuroplasticity in medicine and psychology. Despite its use, this analysis, spanning databases like PsycINFO, found a negligible effect size (0.024). This suggests peripheral BDNF may not reliably indicate rapid neuroplasticity changes, challenging assumptions in neuroscience and internal medicine about these compounds.
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Abstract Background Peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are often used as a biomarker for the rapid plasticity-promoting ...
Reconsidering evidence for psychedelic-induced psychosis: an overview of reviews, a systematic review, and meta-analysis of human studies.
Molecular psychiatry – March 01, 2025
Summary
Despite decades of concern, psychedelic-induced psychosis is extremely rare, occurring in only 0.002% of general population cases. Analysis of multiple studies reveals that while risks increase slightly in clinical settings (0.2-0.6%), psychedelics appear safer than previously thought. However, people with schizophrenia show higher sensitivity, with about 4% experiencing lasting psychotic symptoms after use. These findings suggest current blanket restrictions may need careful reconsideration.
Abstract
Persons with schizophrenia are excluded from psychedelic-assisted therapy due to concerns about the risk of triggering or worsening psychosis. Howe...
Ayahuasca: pharmacology, safety, and therapeutic effects.
CNS spectrums – November 20, 2024
Summary
Ancient Amazonian tribes discovered that combining two specific plants creates ayahuasca, a powerful hallucinogen containing dimethyltryptamine and harmine. Modern research shows this traditional medicine could revolutionize mental health treatment, with promising results for depression, anxiety, and addiction. Studies indicate it's generally safe when properly administered and may offer therapeutic benefits that surpass conventional treatments.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a botanical hallucinogen traditionally used for therapeutic and ritual purposes by indigenous groups from Northwestern Amazonian count...
Ayahuasca for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
International review of neurobiology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Ancient Amazonian medicine meets modern addiction treatment: Ayahuasca, a traditional psychedelic brew, shows remarkable potential in treating alcohol use disorder. Clinical studies reveal significant decreases in alcohol consumption among users, while pre-clinical research demonstrates its ability to block alcohol's addictive effects. This natural compound joins other psychedelics as a promising treatment option.
Abstract
For decades, psychedelics have been investigated for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Specifically, evidence suggests that psychedelics may ...
Psychedelic-related deaths in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (1997-2022).
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – January 10, 2025
Summary
Despite widespread use of psychedelics, only 28 drug-related deaths were linked to these substances across England, Wales, and Northern Ireland over 25 years. While each death is tragic, this remarkably low number supports psychedelics' relative safety profile. Most cases involved multiple substances, with LSD and psilocybin being most common. Adverse effects were typically connected to unsafe physical environments or toxicity from mixing drugs.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs are increasingly visible in society once more, but their risks and adverse effects have received less attention than perhaps they...
Traditional Medicine, Culture, and Psychedelic Science: New Pathways for Recovery From Substance Use Disorders.
Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs – September 01, 2024
Summary
Ancient healing wisdom meets modern science in treating addiction: Indigenous ceremonial use of natural psychedelics shows promising results for substance use recovery. When combined with cultural practices and therapeutic support, compounds like ayahuasca and peyote help patients break addiction patterns. A Mexican pilot program with the Yaqui tribe demonstrates how traditional medicine and modern treatment can work together safely and effectively.
Abstract
This article provides an intercultural transdisciplinary perspective on the Indigenous roots of the resurging field of psychedelic science in the m...
Psychedelics as a potential treatment for tobacco use disorder: a systematic review.
Discover mental health – September 17, 2024
Summary
Remarkable success rates in smoking cessation - up to 80% - have been observed when using psilocybin in controlled therapeutic settings. Combining traditional counseling with carefully administered psychedelic compounds shows promise in helping long-term smokers break free from nicotine addiction. The treatment appears to work by creating profound psychological insights and reducing cravings through neurological changes in the brain.
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts, tobacco use disorder persists as a significant public health issue. The effectiveness of current smoking cessation th...
New frontiers in the biosynthesis of psychoactive specialized metabolites
Current Opinion in Plant Biology – September 16, 2024
Summary
The relaxation of psychedelic drug regulations has spurred interest in compounds like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for mental health. A review in Drug Studies highlights the intricate biochemistry and biology of hallucinogen production. It details metabolic pathways from diverse plant and fungal interactions, as well as animal sources, yielding five key compounds, including Mescaline, Lysergic acid, and tryptamine derivatives. This exploration of chemical synthesis and alkaloids aims to leverage synthetic biology to create novel psychedelics with superior pharmacology, complementing traditional methods.
Abstract
The recent relaxation of psychedelic drug regulations has prompted extensive clinical investigation into their potential use to treat diverse menta...
Drug-induced psychosis following use of Ayahuasca: a presentation to forensic psychiatric services.
BMJ case reports – August 14, 2024
Summary
A healthy man with no prior mental health issues developed severe psychotic symptoms after using Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian psychedelic brew. Unlike typical cases, where drug-induced psychosis resolves quickly, his symptoms persisted and led to violence against a family member. After treatment with antipsychotic medication in a psychiatric facility, he achieved full recovery over 18 months.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a plant-based psychoactive decoction, traditionally used by indigenous Amazonian peoples, which commonly contains the hallucinogen N,N...
Hypertensive Emergency Secondary to Combining Psilocybin Mushrooms, Extended Release Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine, and Tranylcypromine
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – June 21, 2024
Summary
A 42-year-old man suffered a hypertensive emergency after combining 1g of *Psilocybe cubensis* mushrooms, a potent hallucinogen, with Tranylcypromine and Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine medicine. This rare event, observed in drug studies, highlights critical pharmacology concerns. The interaction, possibly involving phenylethylamine—an alkaloid found in the mushrooms—and the prescribed amphetamines, dramatically influenced his neurotransmitter receptors. Despite symptoms of a heart attack, emergency cardiac catheterization revealed no damage. This case underscores the dangers of combining psilocybin with MAOIs and norepinephrine-releasing drugs.
Abstract
Data on medication interactions with psychedelics are limited. Here we present what may be the first published report of a hypertensive emergency f...
Evaluation of TrpM and PsiD substrate promiscuity reveals new biocatalytic capabilities
Biotechnology Progress – June 18, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and other tryptamines, natural alkaloids with complex biochemistry, offer promise for mental health treatments. Their biosynthesis, a form of chemical synthesis, is being refined for drug studies. This involves understanding enzymes like TrpM and PsiD, crucial for converting tryptophan derivatives. TrpM successfully N-methylates 4-hydroxytryptophan. However, PsiD struggled with N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxytryptophan, limiting full psilocybin production. This chemistry expands our knowledge of tryptamines, vital for developing new drugs and understanding natural product roles in health, including potential gut microbiota interactions.
Abstract
Abstract N ‐methylated tryptamines, such as the hallucinogenic natural products, psilocybin and N,N ‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), are gaining interest...
The molecular structure, vibrational spectra, solvation effect, non-covalent interactions investigations of psilocin.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy – November 05, 2024
Summary
Scientists have decoded the molecular dance of psilocin, the active compound in psychedelic mushrooms, revealing how this therapeutic molecule behaves in different environments. Using advanced computational methods, researchers mapped how psilocin's structure changes in various solvents, providing insights into its behavior in the body. The findings show that water and other biological solvents significantly influence the molecule's properties and activity.
Abstract
Psilocin, or 4-HO-DMT (or 3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-ol), is a psychoactive alkaloid substance from the tryptamine family, isolated from P...