A thalamic perspective of (un)consciousness in pharmacological and pathological states in humans.
Dorottya Szocs, Dian Lyu, Andrea I Luppi, Peter Coppola, Rebecca E Woodrow, Guy B Williams, Judith Allanson, John D Pickard, Adrian M Owen, Lorina Naci, David K Menon, Emmanuel A Stamatakis
Brain communications January 1, 2026 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcag021 via PubMed
Summary
AI-generated from the abstractThe pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus shows the strongest functional connectivity change with loss of consciousness under anesthesia in healthy volunteers, while the ventral-latero-ventral nucleus shows the strongest change in patients with disorders of consciousness. These nuclei exhibit distinct connectivity patterns with higher-order brain networks such as the default mode and executive control networks. In patients, the neural connectivity biomarker mirrored behavioral changes, suggesting potential clinical relevance for targeted deep brain stimulation therapy.
Study at a glance
| Characteristics | Observational cohort Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 38 |
| Population | Healthy anesthetized volunteers and patients with disorders of consciousness |
| Keywords | Disorders of consciousness FMRI Minimally conscious state Thalamus Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome |
| Key finding | The pulvinar nucleus shows the strongest functional connectivity change with loss of consciousness under anesthesia, while the ventral-latero-ventral nucleus shows the strongest change in patients with disorders of consciousness. |
Abstract
Currently, there is substantial ongoing discussion around the functional role of the thalamus in consciousness. What is missing in the literature, however, is a systematic investigation of the relevance of specific thalamic nuclei in pharmacologically and pathologically altered states of consciousness in humans. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in both healthy anaesthetized volunteers (n = 16) and patients with disorders of consciousness (n = 22), we sought to identify which specific thalamic subregions in both cohorts may be differentially significant for loss of consciousness. Our findings revealed that, among all nuclei, the pulvinar was found to have the strongest functional connectivity change with loss of consciousness following anaesthesia, while demonstrating distinct functional connectivity patterns related to higher-order default mode and executive control networks. Remarkably, in loss of consciousness in disorders of consciousness patients, the ventral-latero-ventral was found to have the strongest connectivity change in comparison with healthy controls, while exhibiting discrete functional connectivity patterns related to higher-order default mode, executive control and frontoparietal networks. Furthermore, we provide evidence that this neural connectivity biomarker in patients also mirrored the changes observed at the behavioural level, which could have clinical implications for targeted deep brain stimulation in therapy for disorders of consciousness.