Harm reduction behaviours and harm experiences of people who use 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in Aotearoa New Zealand.

MDMA is widely used in Aotearoa New Zealand and is the main drug analyzed by legal drug checking services. An online survey of 915 people who use MDMA (60.7% female, ages 18-65, median 24) found that most carried out harm reduction behaviors relatively frequently, but those who reported experiencing harm from MDMA or a substance mistaken for MDMA engaged in these behaviors less often. Reagent testing was used by 42.3% of the sample, and 27% had used KnowYourStuffNZ services, with 95.9% of clients learning about harm reduction and 53.3% changing their behavior. Harm was reported by 14.4% of the sample, primarily physical or psychological, and potential MDMA dependence was apparent in 6.9%. The findings emphasize the need for greater availability of drug checking services.

Study at a glance

Abstract

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is drug of high prevalence in Aotearoa New Zealand and is the primary drug analysed by legal drug checking services. We aimed to address the gap in literature pertaining to MDMA-related harm reduction behaviour and harm experiences within the country. An online survey was used to assess the harm reduction behaviours (e.g., limiting consumption, planning use, seeking information) of people who use MDMA, in addition to their use of reagent testing and the major national drug checking and harm reduction service, KnowYourStuffNZ. In total, 915 people completed the survey (60.7% females, aged 18-65, median = 24, IQR = 20-28). Frequency of various MDMA-related harm reduction behaviours differed, although these were carried out relatively frequently by most participants. Those who reported experiencing harm (physical, psychological, spiritual, social) from MDMA, or another drug presumed to be MDMA, reported less frequent harm reduction behaviours than non-harmed consumers. Reagent testing of MDMA had been conducted by 42.3% of the sample. Approximately 27% of the sample had used KnowYourStuffNZ services. Of KnowYourStuffNZ clients, 95.9% reported learning about harm reduction, and 53.3% reported changing their behaviour because of the service. Reasons for not using the KnowYourStuffNZ service were primarily lack of availability in local area (32.8%) or at relevant events (51.8%), and lack of concern with substance quality (29.8%). MDMA harm was reported by 14.4% of the sample, whilst reported harm was more common from consumption of presumably non-MDMA substances, self-reported as being mistaken for MDMA. Harm was primarily physical or psychological. Potential MDMA dependence was apparent in 6.9% of the sample. The findings highlight potential targets for harm reduction education and interventions and emphasize the need for greater availability of readily accessible drug checking services in Aotearoa New Zealand.