The revitalisation of Mongolian shamanism: Tradition, restitution, new approaches

After the collapse of socialism 30 years ago, Mongolia's shift from an atheist state to one permitting multiple religions has spurred a revival of shamanism, the indigenous Mongol faith. Despite a tragic history and prolonged decline, Mongolian shamanism has re-emerged, shaped by unique local traditions. The article examines factors behind its centuries-long decline, influences that facilitated its revival, and its institutionalization process. It also explores emerging trends in the study of Mongolian shamanism and the interplay of traditional and innovative elements in its revival.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Since the collapse of the socialist system in the past 30 years, Mongolia has transitioned from an atheist state to one where multiple religions – such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam – coexist freely, with no restrictions on freedom of belief. This transformationhas also spurred the revival of shamanism, the indigenous religion of the Mongols. Despite its tragic history, Mongolian shamanism, shaped by unique local traditions, has shown a remarkable ability to re-emerge after a prolonged period of decline. The articleaims to explore the factors behind the centuries-long decline of Mongolian shamanism, the influences that facilitated its revival, and the process of institutionalization it has undergone. Furthermore, it examines the emerging trends in the study of Mongolian shamanism and the interplay of traditional and innovative elements in its revival.