Cannabidiol or ketamine for preventing the impact of adolescent early drug initiation on voluntary ethanol consumption in adulthood.

Adolescent exposure to ethanol, alone or combined with cocaine, increases voluntary ethanol consumption in adult male and female rats, but does not cause lasting negative affect. Cocaine alone has no effect on later ethanol intake. In rats exposed to adolescent ethanol, adult treatment with cannabidiol reduces ethanol consumption in both sexes, while ketamine reduces it only in females. These findings identify two potential therapeutic interventions to mitigate the long-term impact of early drug initiation.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Few studies have previously evaluated the long-term impact of initiating the combined use of alcohol and cocaine early-in-life during adolescence. Our preclinical study characterized changes in affective-like behavior and/or voluntary ethanol consumption emerging later on in adulthood induced by a prior adolescent drug exposure, as well as tested therapeutical interventions (i.e., cannabidiol or ketamine) to prevent the observed effects. We performed three independent studies with male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, treated in adolescence (postnatal days, PND 29-38) with non-contingent paradigms of ethanol, cocaine, their combination or vehicle. Later on, adult rats were (1) scored for their affective-like state (forced-swim, elevated-plus maze, novelty-suppressed feeding, sucrose preference), (2) allowed to freely drink ethanol for 6 weeks (two-bottle choice), or (3) treated with cannabidiol or ketamine before given access to ethanol in adulthood. No signs of increased negative affect were observed in adulthood following the adolescent treatments. However, adolescent ethanol exposure was a risk-factor for later developing an increased voluntary ethanol consumption in adulthood, both for male and female rats. This risk was similar when ethanol was combined with adolescent cocaine exposure, since cocaine alone showed no effects on later ethanol intake. Finally, rats exposed to adolescent ethanol and pretreated in adulthood with cannabidiol (and/or ketamine, but just for females) reduced their ethanol voluntary consumption. Our data provided two therapeutical options capable of preventing the impact of an early drug initiation during adolescence by decreasing voluntary ethanol consumption in adult rats.