Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Necrotic, Apoptotic, and Autophagic Effects of Methamphetamine and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine on U-87 MG (Glial) and B104-1–1 (Neuronal) Cell Lines
Asieh Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad-Hossein Shetab-Boushehri, Seyed Vahid Shetab-Boushehri
Neurotoxicity Research October 1, 2022 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00543-1 via Springer Nature
Summary
AI-generated from the abstractMethamphetamine (MA) and MDMA show stronger cytotoxic effects on neuronal and glial cells. MDMA causes more potent mitochondrial toxicity and stronger necrotic and autophagic effects than MA in both cell lines. While MDMA induces a stronger apoptotic effect than MA in glial cells, both drugs have equal apoptotic effects on neuronal cells. MDMA also produces greater mitochondrial toxicity and stronger necrotic, apoptotic, and autophagic effects in neuronal cells compared to glial cells.
Study at a glance
| Characteristics | Experimental study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | U-87 MG (glial) and B104-1-1 (neuronal) cell lines |
| Interventions | Methamphetamine MDMA |
| Keywords | 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine Cytotoxicity Apoptosis Necrosis Autophagy |
| Citations | 3 |
| Key finding | MDMA induced more potent mitochondrial toxicity and stronger necrotic and autophagic effects than MA in both neuronal and glial cell lines, and had equal apoptotic effect on neuronal cells despite stronger apoptotic effect on glial cells. |
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are empathogen (entactogen) psychoactive designer drugs which are mainly used for recreational purposes. Both MA and MDMA are central nervous system stimulants which are classified as monoamine neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors. They have strong cytotoxic effects on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. Neurotoxicities of MA and MDMA by glial activation have been shown. The present work has investigated and measured cytotoxic, necrotic and apoptotic, and autophagic effects of MA and MDMA on U-87 MG (glial) and B104-1–1 (neuronal) cell lines by janus green, ethidium bromide/acridine orange, and monodansylcadaverine/propidium iodide staining to evaluate and compare their effects on glial and neuronal cells, respectively. The results of the present work showed that: (1) MDMA induced more potent mitochondrial toxicity, stronger necrotic and autophagic effects than MA in both B104-1–1 (neuronal) and U-87 MG (glial) cell lines; (2) although MDMA induced stronger apoptotic effect than MA on U-87 MG cell line, it had equal apoptotic effect on B104-1–1 cell line with MA; and (3) MDMA induced more potent mitochondrial toxicity, stronger necrotic, apoptotic, and autophagic effects than MA in B104-1–1 cell line than U-87 MG cell line.