The dissociative anaesthetics, ketamine and phencyclidine, selectively reduce excitation of central mammalian neurones by N‐methyl‐aspartate

Ketamine and phencyclidine selectively block excitation of spinal neurons by N-methyl-aspartate (NMA) while leaving responses to quisqualate and kainate largely unaffected. In cats and rats, ketamine reduced responses to L-aspartate more than those to L-glutamate. On Renshaw cells, both drugs reduced acetylcholine responses less than NMA responses but more than quisqualate or kainate responses. Intravenous ketamine (2.5-20 mg/kg) and phencyclidine (0.2-0.5 mg/kg) also selectively blocked NMA-induced excitation. The findings suggest that reducing synaptic excitation mediated via NMA receptors contributes to the anaesthetic and analgesic properties of these dissociative anaesthetics.

Study at a glance

Abstract

The interaction of two dissociative anaesthetics, ketamine and phencyclidine, with the responses of spinal neurones to the electrophoretic administration of amino acids and acetylcholine was studied in decerebrate or pentobarbitone-anaesthetized cats and rats. Both ketamine and phencyclidine selectively blocked excitation by N-methyl-aspartate (NMA) with little effect on excitation by quisqualate and kainate. Ketamine reduced responses to L-aspartate somewhat more than those of L-glutamate; the sensitivity of responses to these two putative transmitters was between that to NMA on one hand and that to quisqualate or kainate on the other. On Renshaw cells, ketamine and phencyclidine reduced responses to acetylcholine less than those to NMA but more than those to quisqualate or kainate. Dorsal root-evoked synaptic excitation of Renshaw cells was reduced to a greater extent than that following ventral root excitation. Intravenous ketamine, 2.5-20 mg/kg, and phencyclidine, 0.2-0.5 mg/kg, also selectively blocked excitation of neurones by NMA. Ketamine showed no consistent or selective effect on inhibition of spinal neurones by electrophoretically administered glycine or gamma-aminobutyricacid (GABA). The results suggest that reduction of synaptic excitation mediated via NMA receptors contributes to the anaesthetic/analgesic properties of these two dissociative anaesthetics.