Psychological effects and subjective experiences of ayahuasca rituals in participants of two neoshamanic centers of Uruguay

Ayahuasca's psychological and subjective effects differ between two neoshamanic groups in Uruguay: a psychospiritual holistic center and a center treating substance use disorders. A mixed-methods study using the Hallucinogen Rating Scale and in-depth interviews found significant medium-sized differences in affect, cognition, and perception between groups. The group with higher scores reported more frequent and complex emotional, cognitive, and perceptive experiences. No significant quantitative differences emerged for intensity or somaesthetic domains, yet qualitative reports described the experience as “soft” in one group and noted bodily effects like purging. Stronger subjective effects may relate to differences in dosage and setting.

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Abstract

Abstract Background Ayahuasca's psychological and subjective effects were compared in rituals of two neoshamanic groups in Uruguay. Aims Compare, describe and analyze psychological effects and subjective experiences of ayahuasca ceremonies in two different groups: a psychospiritual holistic center, and a center specialized in substance use disorder's treatment. Methods A mixed qualitative-quantitative study was conducted, using the Hallucinogen Rating Scale for measuring psychological effects, and in-depth interviews for the description of ayahuasca subjective experiences. Data from both techniques were compared, analyzing convergences and differences. Results When comparing the two neoshamanic groups, significant differences with a medium-size effect were found in the psychological variables Affect ( r = 0.47), Cognition ( r = 0.36) and Perception ( r = 0.36). The qualitative descriptions of ayahuasca experiences in the group with higher scores in those variables showed more frequent and complex experiences of emotional, cognitive, and perceptive content. Dissimilar results were found when comparing Intensity and Somaesthetic domains, with no significant results in the quantitative part, while in the qualitative part intensity was reported as “soft” in one group, and corporal experiences (e.g., purging effects) were especially manifested. Conclusions Stronger subjective experiences and higher psychological effects may be related to differences in the dosage and the setting of the centers. Emotional, cognitive, and perceptive psychological effects of ayahuasca rituals measured by the Hallucinogen Rating Scale, seem to be associated with more frequent and complex subjective experiences in the mentioned domains. Qualitative group differences in corporal alterations and the overall intensity of the experience differed from non-significant results of the quantitative part of the study.