Pharmacognostic, Forensic and Pharmaceutical, Organizational and Legal, Clinical and Pharmacological Multidisciplinary Study with an Assessment of Peculiarities of Circulation (Use) of Smoking Mixtures of Spices and Entheogens of Amanita Muscaria Mushroom

An evaluation of the irrational use of smoking mixtures containing entheogens, specifically the Amanita muscaria mushroom, was conducted through multidisciplinary pharmacognostic, forensic, pharmaceutical, clinical, toxicological, and legal analyses. The study concluded that such use is irrational. A forensic medical and toxicological examination of Amanita poisoning was performed, and pharmaceutical safety measures for poisoning cases were informed. A pharmacognostic study of Amanita muscaria was conducted. Based on normative analysis of the circulation of fly agaric entheogens, regulatory initiatives were proposed. The mushroom contains psychoactive substances psilocybin or psilocin with hallucinogenic effects.

Study at a glance

Abstract

A multidisciplinary pharmacognostic, forensic and pharmaceutical, organizational and legal, clinical and pharmacological, forensic and medical, toxicological, chemical evaluation of the irrational use of spices in smoking mixtures from the group of entheogens was carried out. An expert assessment of spices – plants and mushrooms containing psychoactive substances with hallucinogenic effects. Forensic and pharmaceutical practice was analyzed. A conclusion was made about the irrational use of smoking mixtures from the group of entheogens of the amanita muscaria mushroom, which contain psychoactive substances – psilocybin or psilocin. A forensic medical and toxicological study of amanita poisoning was conducted. Informed about pharmaceutical safety measures in case of amanita poisoning. A pharmacognostic study of "Amanita muscaria" – a fly agaric mushroom was conducted. According to the results of the normative study of the features of the circulation of fly agaric entheogens, normative initiatives are proposed.