Research Progress on Detection of New Psychoactive Substance Piperazines in vivo.
Jin-Ting Liu, Li-Ying Zhou, Jia-Hong Xiang, Zi-Yi Li, Wan-Ting Xie, Ke-Ming Yun, Yan Shi
Fa yi xue za zhi June 25, 2024 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.330802 via PubMed
Summary
AI-generated from the abstractPiperazines are a class of new psychoactive substances that produce hallucinogenic effects by altering monoamine neurotransmitter levels in the central nervous system. Their abuse causes stimulating and hallucinogenic effects along with adverse reactions such as headache, dizziness, anxiety, insomnia, vomiting, chest pain, tachycardia, hypertension, and may lead to cardiovascular diseases, multiple organ failure, and death. This review covers the in vivo processes, sample treatment, and analytical methods for piperazines, aiming to aid forensic identification.
Study at a glance
| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Keywords | Forensic toxicology In vivo Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry New psychoactive substances Piperazines |
| Key finding | Piperazines are hallucinogenic new psychoactive substances that affect monoamine neurotransmitters and can cause severe adverse effects including death, and this review summarizes their in vivo processes and analytical methods for forensic use. |
Abstract
Piperazines are a class of new psychoactive substances with hallucinogenic effects that affect the central nervous system by affecting the level of monoamine neurotransmitters. Abuse of piperazines will produce stimulating and hallucinogenic effects, accompanied by headache, dizziness, anxiety, insomnia, vomiting, chest pain, tachycardia, hypertension and other adverse reactions, and may even cause cardiovascular diseases and multiple organ failure and lead to death, seriously affecting human physical and mental health and public safety. The abuse of new psychoactive substance piperazines has attracted extensive attention from the international community. The study of its pharmacological toxicology and analytical methods has become a research hotspot in the field of forensic medicine. This paper reviews the in vivo processes, sample treatment and analytical methods of existing piperazines, in order to provide reference for forensic identification.