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October 13, 2025
Francisco González Espejito (22421436), Laura Esteban Rodríguez (16363059), Eduardo J. Pedrero Pérez (22421439) et al.
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Figshare
October 13, 2025
Ibogaine, a compound from the Tabernanthe iboga plant, produces distinctive dream-like subjective effects that existing questionnaires cannot capture. To address this, the Ibogaine Experience Scale (IES) was developed and tested with 499 participants in two clinical settings. The final 70-item scale identifies seven factors, including narrative visions, visual changes, discomfort, cosmic archetypes, introspection, somatosensory sensitivity, and dissociation, explaining 53.9% of the variance. The scale shows excellent statistical fit and high internal consistency. It provides a reliable tool for quantifying ibogaine's unique subjective effects in research and clinical assessment, though further validation in diverse groups is needed.
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January 1, 2025
J. Kruger, Daniel, Mersereau, Gina, Sullivan, Ashley et al.
Most experienced psychedelic users recommend psilocybin for first-time experiences, favoring its moderate intensity, dose-dependent effects, precise dosing, and short duration. About half recommended cannabis, and a third recommended MDMA/MDA. Substances like ayahuasca, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and Salvia divinorum were not recommended due to intensity, health risks, and safety concerns. Participants advised against mixing psychedelics with alcohol, stimulants, antidepressants, and narcotics/opiates. Additional advice included embracing the experience, learning about the substance, and setting intentions. The findings suggest that harm-reduction resources can be developed from community-based crowdsourced recommendations.
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January 1, 2022
Ainsworth, Lily
A sense of transformation from ayahuasca tourism arises not only from drinking the brew but also from expectations shaped through online interactions among industry subgroups, the social and physical environment of the centre, and the challenges of reduced support after returning home. The integration phase is complex, as shown by case studies of informants applying their experiences to daily life. The thesis proposes a new label—tourism for transformation—and highlights theoretical parallels between tourism and pilgrimage, pointing to future research on the final stages of such journeys.
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January 1, 2021
Samuel J. Hogarth
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January 1, 2017
Andrew Hillstead
Because psychedelic substances are illegal, many people with psychiatric conditions cannot access effective psychedelic therapy. This analysis, combining practical application with literature and conference review, examines whether computer-mediated realities can convincingly simulate such therapy. Augmented reality and modulated realities like modified and diminished reality show insufficient evidence for practical use. Augmented virtuality, mixed reality, virtual reality, and modulated virtuality have characteristics that could simulate mind-manifesting psychedelic therapy, but mediated reality appears extraneous for mind-loosening therapy. Virtual reality currently shows the greatest potential for healing and exploring the psyche by simulating closed-eye psychedelic experiences. The author proposes a proof-of-concept for a neurofeedback-driven VR experience that simulates phosphenes transforming into geometric hallucinations, aiming to provide safe, accessible simulated psychedelic therapy.
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December 3, 2015
Ekman Schenberg Eduardo, Felipe Morel Alexandre João, Renato Filev et al.
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January 1, 2014
Maio, Paola Di
Ethnobotanical evidence suggests that a plant called San Pedro, found in the Americas, may be a previously unrecognized candidate for the ritual substance Soma. The hypothesis is based on observations of the plant's traditional use and properties.