Frontiers in psychiatry
January 1, 2022
Micaela Tirri, Sabrine Bilel, Raffaella Arfè et al.
17 citations
Psychedelic phenethylamines, especially -NBOMe compounds, impair sensorimotor function, reaction time, and sensory gating in mice more potently than LSD or their 2C analogs. Halogenated derivatives 25I-NBOMe and 25B-NBOMe were the most effective at altering visual and acoustic responses, motor activity, and prepulse inhibition. The rank order of potency showed these -NBOMe compounds were stronger than both 2C analogs and LSD. These sensory impairments affected spontaneous movement and reaction time without changing stimulated motor performance. The findings suggest that -NBOMe compounds pose potential public health risks, particularly for driving or hazardous work requiring intact sensorimotor skills.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
November 29, 2025
M. Bassi, Elisa Roda, Giorgia Corli et al.
3-chloromethcathinone (3-CMC), a synthetic cathinone involved in many poisonings, causes locomotor stimulation, rapid breathing, hypothermia, and sensorimotor alterations in mice, with prepulse inhibition changes only at high doses and minor sex differences. All 15 human intoxications in Italy from 2014 to 2025 were non-fatal, involving male patients with psychomotor agitation, psychosis, aggressiveness, CNS depression, cardiac arrhythmias, chest pain, and tachypnea. Predicted metabolic reactions include N-dealkylation, N-hydroxylation, and phenyl hydroxylation, and all compounds show potential for drug-drug interactions and cardiotoxicity.
International journal of molecular sciences
July 17, 2021
Sabrine Bilel, Micaela Tirri, Raffaella Arfè et al.
A novel psychoactive substance, 1-cyclohexyl-x-methoxybenzene, exists as three stereoisomers (ortho, meta, para) structurally similar to tramadol and phencyclidine. In vitro tests showed all three stereoisomers and tramadol were inactive at mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors. In mice, systemic administration of the stereoisomers impaired sensorimotor responses, altered spontaneous motor activity, produced modest analgesia, and affected thermoregulation and cardiorespiratory responses, resembling effects of tramadol and phencyclidine. Naloxone only partially prevented visual sensorimotor impairments from the stereoisomers, not other effects. The findings indicate these derivatives cause pharmaco-toxicological effects through both opioid and non-opioid mechanisms, suggesting potential for abuse and harm.