Neurobiological and Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin in Psychiatric Disorders
Journal of Pharma Insights and Research. October 5, 2025 M Loganathan, A Saravanakumar, P. Parthiban et al.
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring compound that becomes active as psilocin in the body, acts primarily on serotonin 2A receptors. When given in a structured therapeutic setting, it produces rapid and lasting antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, especially in people with treatment-resistant depression or existential distress from life-threatening illnesses. The drug first disrupts key brain networks, notably the Default Mode Network, causing ego dissolution and increased brain entropy. This acute phase is followed by enhanced neuroplasticity through BDNF and mTOR pathways, promoting synaptic growth. This plasticity window may help unlearn maladaptive patterns and form new associations. Clinical trials show significant efficacy, but psychological risks require careful screening and a supportive environment.