The synthetic psychoactive substance 25N-NBOMe, a phenethylamine, was metabolized in vitro using human liver microsomes. Fourteen metabolites (M1–M14) were identified through liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The biotransformations included hydroxylation, O-demethylation, N-dealkylation, nitro reduction, dehydrogenation, and carbonylation. The hydroxyl metabolite was the most abundant after phase I metabolism. These findings offer potential biomarkers for detecting 25N-NBOMe ingestion.
Methamnetamine (PAL-1046), an amphetamine-based new psychoactive substance that causes excessive serotonin release, is not regulated in most countries and had no prior metabolism studies. Using human liver microsomes and flavin-containing monooxygenase analyzed by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, eight phase I metabolites were identified. Metabolic processes include N-demethylation, N-hydroxylation, and aromatic hydroxylation. N-hydroxylated metabolites were confirmed using expressed FMOs. The major metabolite results from hydroxylation of the naphthalene ring. These findings may help detect methamnetamine ingestion by users.