3034 results for "Psilocybin"
Precipitous Increases in Psilocybin Exposure in Youths
AAP Grand Rounds – August 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin exposures among adolescents more than tripled by 2022 compared to 2018, revealing a sharp increase in Psychedelics use. Examining 4,055 cases from 2013-2022, 58.5% of exposures involved adolescents, with 81.1% being intentional. Most adolescent cases (75.3%) required healthcare, and 47.1% experienced moderate effects. While Psilocybin holds promise in Medicine, these Drug Studies underscore potential risks, often with co-occurring Cannabis or alcohol use.
Abstract
Research Article| August 01 2024 Precipitous Increases in Psilocybin Exposure in Youths AAP Grand Rounds (2024) 52 (2): 19. https://doi.org/10.1542...
Psilocybin Maintains Better Brain Function in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model with Reduced Neuroinflammation and Improved Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Alzheimer s & Dementia – December 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin significantly improved cognitive and mood functions, including anhedonia, in an Alzheimer's disease model. Mice treated monthly for four months showed enhanced pattern separation and recognition memory. Neuroscience links psilocybin to reduced neuroinflammation, specifically microglial inflammasome activity, and enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis within the hippocampal formation. 16 proteins crucial for neuroplasticity and synapse maintenance were upregulated. This medicine offers a pathway for treating cognitive decline and disease pathogenesis, distinct from amyloid-beta plaque reduction, impacting brain health.
Abstract
Abstract Background Chronic neuroinflammation plays a significant role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis associated with a decline in cognit...
Investigational psilocybin treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: a qualitative study of participant experience, trauma engagement, and differences from standard treatment.
EClinicalMedicine – December 01, 2025
Summary
COMP360 psilocybin shows promise in helping patients navigate Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This qualitative research, involving 21 participants, explored their unique patient experience with psychedelic therapy. Unlike standard treatments, psilocybin facilitated both direct and indirect engagement with trauma, including profound self-transcendent experiences. Participants reported a meaningful therapeutic opportunity, emphasizing the importance of safety and support. Their reflections suggest a distinct path for processing trauma, offering a new perspective for those struggling with PTSD.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition leading to significant personal and societal burden. Standard treatments frequent...
Comparing single‐ and repeat‐dose psilocybin with active placebo for migraine prevention in an exploratory randomized controlled clinical trial
Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain – December 29, 2025
Summary
A randomized controlled trial with 18 adults battling migraine revealed a single psilocybin regimen led to an 80% reduction in migraine days over two weeks, versus 17% for an active placebo. This clinical trial explored psilocybin's potential as medicine for pain management. Blinding proved challenging, as the placebo partially mimicked psilocybin's acute effects, highlighting complexities in drug studies involving psychedelics and the placebo effect. Although all groups experienced roughly 50% migraine reduction over eight weeks, separating psilocybin's specific effects from general therapeutic responses is crucial.
Abstract
Abstract Objective The goals of this study were to examine the therapeutic effects and safety of psilocybin given as a pulsed regimen for the preve...
A retrospective study of the characteristics and toxicology of cases of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)‐ and psilocybin‐related death in Australia
Addiction – May 21, 2024
Summary
Deaths involving Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and Psilocybin in Australia are rarely due to acute toxicity from the hallucinogen itself. Out of 43 cases over 23 years, most deaths (LSD 36.4%, Psilocybin 40.0%) resulted from traumatic accidents. Twelve self-harm deaths involved LSD. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis showed LSD was the only drug in 25% of its cases, Psilocybin in 20%. This data informs Medicine and Pharmacology, highlighting circumstances beyond direct chemical synthesis and alkaloids' toxicity, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are used as recreational drugs, and there is renewed interest in their...
Naturalistic psilocybin use is associated with persisting improvements in mental health and wellbeing: results from a prospective, longitudinal survey
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 19, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogenic alkaloid, shows promise for mental health. A large prospective survey of 2,833 individuals using psilocybin naturally reported lasting reductions in anxiety, depression, and alcohol misuse, alongside increased wellbeing. These benefits, relevant to psychology and psychiatry, persisted for months. While most experienced positive shifts, 11% reported negative effects weeks later. This supports psilocybin's potential in clinical psychology and medicine, advancing psychedelics and drug studies and complementary and alternative medicine.
Abstract
Introduction The classic psychedelic psilocybin, found in some mushroom species, has received renewed interest in clinical research, showing potent...
Acute Effects of Psilocybin After Escitalopram or Placebo Pretreatment in a Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – November 07, 2021
Summary
Pretreating with the antidepressant Escitalopram significantly reduced negative experiences from the hallucinogen Psilocybin, while preserving its positive mood effects. This double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in pharmacology revealed that 25 mg Psilocybin, with a psilocin half-life of 1.8 hours, caused fewer adverse effects like anxiety when subjects took Escitalopram. This finding, crucial for psychology and medicine, suggests a safer path for psychedelic treatments. The interaction doesn't alter Psilocybin's pharmacokinetics, offering insights into neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, relevant for drug studies involving alkaloids.
Abstract
The psychedelic psilocybin is being investigated for the treatment of depression and anxiety. Unclear is whether antidepressant treatments interact...
Receptor binding profiles and behavioral effects of psilocybin analogs
The FASEB Journal – May 01, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding reveals psilacetin, a synthetic psilocybin analog, acts as a potent hallucinogen with potential intrinsic psychedelic activity, not merely as a prodrug. *In vivo* studies in male mice, using doses from 0.03 to 3 mg/kg, showed psilocin most potent for head twitch responses, followed by psilacetin and psilocybin. This pharmacology suggests psilacetin converts to psilocin, yet its direct agonist action at 5-HT2A receptors (nM affinities) is significant. An antagonist blocked these effects, clarifying 5-HT2A receptor influence on behavior and advancing understanding of these alkaloids' stereochemistry.
Abstract
4‐phosphorloxy‐ N,N ‐dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound that is being investigated in clinical studies i...
EFFECT OF ACUTE PSILOCYBIN ON THERMAL AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RODENTS
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – February 01, 2025
Summary
A compelling neuroscience finding reveals psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly alleviates neuropathic pain. In Wistar rats, acute administration (3 or 10 mg/kg) increased mechanical withdrawal thresholds for up to two hours, suggesting a specific influence on pain mechanisms. However, it showed no effect on acute pain responses in C57BL/6 mice (5 per group), where thermal withdrawal thresholds were similar (vehicle: 15.6°C; psilocybin: 17.28°C). This pharmacology insight into psychedelics could transform pain treatments in medicine, impacting anesthesia and psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Background Pain is a major health problem resulting in a high degree of suffering, physical, psychological and social impairments, and exo...
Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression without psychedelic effects: study protocol for a 4-week, double-blind, proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial
BJPsych Open – July 01, 2023
Summary
A groundbreaking psychiatry approach aims to harness psilocybin's antidepressant power without its hallucinogen effects. A randomized controlled trial will involve 60 adults with treatment-resistant depression, assessing tolerability and adverse effects of combining psilocybin with risperidone. This pharmacology strategy, exploring neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, seeks to block the psychedelic experience using risperidone. Participants receive psilocybin (25mg) plus risperidone (1mg), psilocybin plus placebo, or placebo plus risperidone, alongside psychology support. This medicine, involving such alkaloids, could expand access to psychedelics and drug studies, offering a novel antidepressant.
Abstract
Background Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psilocybin have reported large antidepressant effects in adults with major depressive disorder an...
A systematic review to assess the use of psilocybin in the treatment of headaches
European Psychiatry – March 01, 2023
Summary
Remarkably, psilocybin, a naturally occurring hallucinogen, extended headache remission periods for 91% of participants across eight studies. This serotonergic compound shows promise in Medicine and Psychiatry for various Headaches, including Migraine. Macrodosing offered 12.3% more pain reduction than microdosing. While 18% experienced hallucinations, and some temporary distress (5.3% microdosing, 14.1% macrodosing), these Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight a novel approach. This field of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, involving Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, presents new avenues in Psychology.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound whose effects have been seen in studies for treatment of depression, anxiety ...
Examining differences in the effects and contexts of naturalistic psilocybin use for White participants vs. Participants of Color: A longitudinal online survey study.
Journal of affective disorders – February 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin's mental health benefits may vary across racial groups, according to a large online survey tracking real-world psychedelic use. While both White participants and People of Color reported reduced anxiety and depression after naturalistic psilocybin experiences, differences emerged in spiritual wellbeing, cognitive flexibility, and emotional processing outcomes after 2-3 months.
Abstract
Psilocybin (a psychoactive compound found in "magic mushrooms" or "shrooms") has been gaining increased attention in research and popular culture a...
A Bayesian Reanalysis of a Trial of Psilocybin Versus Escitalopram for Depression
Psychedelic Medicine – October 28, 2022
Summary
Compelling news for Mental Health Research Topics: Psilocybin therapy for major depressive disorder significantly outperformed escitalopram on key measures, according to a reanalysis involving 59 patients. In Psychiatry and Clinical psychology, new findings reveal extremely strong evidence for psilocybin's superiority on the Hamd scale. This insight from Psychedelics and Drug Studies shows the psychedelic treatment also demonstrated moderate evidence of clinically meaningful superiority on other scales. Overall, psilocybin proved noninferior to escitalopram for the Treatment of Major Depression.
Abstract
Background: A trial of psilocybin (COMP360) versus escitalopram for major depressive disorder (MDD) was reported as negative, as there was no signi...
How does psilocybin therapy work? An exploration of experiential avoidance as a putative mechanism of change.
Journal of affective disorders – August 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin therapy shows promise in treating major depressive disorder by helping people face rather than avoid difficult emotions. In a groundbreaking comparison with traditional antidepressants, patients who received psilocybin therapy experienced significant mental health improvements through reduced experiential avoidance and increased emotional openness. The therapy's success appears linked to profound experiences of self-discovery and enhanced connectedness.
Abstract
Psilocybin therapy is receiving attention as a mental health intervention with transdiagnostic potential. In line with psychotherapeutic research, ...
Understanding the Psychological Effects of Psilocybin and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine in a Non-Clinical Population
OpenAlex – May 29, 2025
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin profoundly shifted personality, reducing neuroticism and boosting extraversion in a non-clinical population. Among 48 participants, 33 psilocybin dosing sessions revealed notable psychological changes, including increased mindfulness and connectedness, observed one week later. Psilocybin also induced stronger mystical experiences than MDMA, suggesting its unique influence on neurotransmitter receptors and subsequent behavior. These findings from psychedelics and drug studies offer insights for clinical psychology and psychotherapists exploring this chemically synthesized alkaloid for mental well-being.
Abstract
Abstract Objective Despite many decades of experimental studies and clinical trials involving a variety of psychedelic agents, we still lack a comp...
Control Group Outcomes in Trials of Psilocybin, SSRIs, or Esketamine for Depression
JAMA Network Open – July 30, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin’s impressive antidepressant effects for Major depressive disorder may be over-estimated. A meta-analysis of 17 Randomized controlled trials (4960 patients) comparing Psilocybin, Serotonin reuptake inhibitors like Fluoxetine, and esketamine for Treatment of Major Depression and Treatment-resistant depression, revealed control groups in psilocybin clinical trials improved less. Their depression rating scale scores improved by an effect size of 0.50, versus 1.00 for antidepressant SSRI controls and 1.12 for esketamine controls. This finding is crucial for Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Importance Psilocybin has demonstrated rapid and sustained antidepressant efficacy, with acute-phase effect sizes often more than double those for ...
The Effects of Daytime Psilocybin Administration on Sleep: Implications for Antidepressant Action
Frontiers in Pharmacology – December 03, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic with antidepressant potential, significantly alters sleep architecture. In a study of 20 healthy volunteers (10 women), psilocybin prolonged rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency and showed a trend towards decreased overall REM sleep duration. Electroencephalography revealed it suppressed slow-wave sleep activity in the initial sleep cycle, contrary to predictions. Non-rapid eye movement sleep remained unchanged. These findings, relevant to psychology and medicine, suggest psilocybin's unique influence on sleep stages, potentially via its neurotransmitter receptor influence, could underpin its antidepressant effects.
Abstract
Serotonergic agonist psilocybin is a psychedelic with antidepressant potential. Sleep may interact with psilocybin’s antidepressant properties like...
Psilocybin decelerates cellular senescence
OpenAlex – June 27, 2023
Summary
A compelling finding reveals psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, may decelerate cellular aging. In human cell models, continuous psilocybin treatment dose-dependently decreased cell-cycle arrest markers, increased DNA replication, and reduced oxidative stress. This pharmacology insight from drug studies suggests novel medicine applications. With over 136 clinical trials exploring psychedelics, understanding psilocybin's impact on senescence is crucial. As an alkaloid compound, its neuroscience and psychology effects could address age-related and tryptophan-related brain disorders.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin is the psychoactive substance contained in the psilocybe(hallucinogenic) mushroom, which has received considerable attention am...
Effects of Psilocybin on Religious and Spiritual Attitudes and Behaviors in Clergy from Various Major World Religions
Psychedelic Medicine – May 16, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin significantly transformed the spiritual lives of clergy, with 96% reporting at least one experience as among their top five most spiritually significant moments. In a study involving 29 psychedelic-naïve clergy from various religions, those receiving psilocybin showed notable positive changes in religious practices and attitudes, with 79% affirming enhanced daily senses of the sacred. Remarkably, 42% rated an experience as the most profound of their lives. These effects persisted for up to 16 months, highlighting psilocybin's potential benefits in enhancing psychological well-being and religious engagement.
Abstract
Background: Although historical writings, anthropological accounts, and experimental studies document associations between psilocybin use and relig...
Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder
JAMA – August 31, 2023
Summary
A single 25-mg dose of synthetic psilocybin dramatically reduced symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in a study of 104 adults. Administered with psychological support, this psychedelic medicine led to a 12.3-point greater reduction on a key depression rating scale compared to placebo by day 43. While no serious adverse effects occurred, psilocybin treatment showed a higher rate of overall adverse events. This promising antidepressant, acting through neurotransmitter receptor influence, offers new hope in psychiatry for individuals without bipolar disorder or active suicidal ideation, significantly improving functional disability.
Abstract
Importance Psilocybin shows promise as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Objective To evaluate the magnitude, timing, and durability...
Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction in mice by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity.
Chinese medical journal – December 20, 2023
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin helped mice overcome fear responses by promoting brain adaptability. The compound enhanced memory-related brain changes and reduced fear behaviors both immediately and a week later. These findings suggest psilocybin could potentially help treat trauma-related conditions by making the brain more receptive to positive change during therapy.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are highly comorbid. Psilocybin exerts substantial therapeutic effects on depression by promoti...
The Clinical Applications of Psilocybin Therapies and Post-COVID Syndrome: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Cureus – June 24, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound, offers hope for mental health challenges stemming from the 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak and COVID-19. A narrative review of medicine literature, spanning January 2020 to April 2024, indicates psilocybin's potential in treating depression and anxiety. Beyond its role in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, evidence suggests this naturally occurring alkaloid may inhibit Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) protease, a finding for virology. While Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies support its efficacy, robust clinical trials and chemical synthesis validation are needed for broader therapeutic use.
Abstract
The coronavirus variant (causing the COVID-19 disease) that led to a pandemic sent global shockwaves, resulting in long-term effects on physical, m...
Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction in mice by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity
Chinese Medical Journal – March 30, 2023
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin (2.5 mg/kg) rapidly and durably reduced fear responses in mice for up to seven days. This neuroscience finding suggests psychedelics could revolutionize cognitive psychology and psychotherapist approaches to PTSD. Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction by promoting neuroplasticity within the hippocampal formation. This alkaloid, studied in chemical synthesis and drug studies, influences neurotransmitter receptors, rescuing reductions in hippocampal dendritic complexity and neurogenesis. This powerful effect on brain structure offers a promising avenue for medicine.
Abstract
Abstract Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are highly comorbid. Psilocybin exerts substantial therapeutic effects on ...
Effectiveness of Psilocybin on Depression: A Qualitative Study
Electronic Journal of General Medicine – April 27, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin shows powerful potential in clinical psychology for anxiety and mood disorders. A qualitative research effort involving ten participants revealed profound shifts. Individuals reported enhanced senses, feeling "connected with the universe," and significant mood stabilization. They also experienced increased optimism, emotional control, and healthier emotional connections, suggesting a beneficial impact on mental well-being. This work, relevant to Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlights how psilocybin, an alkaloid, may foster new neural perspectives, offering a promising avenue for psychotherapist-guided Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Abstract
Introduction: Psilocybin mushroom use is well documented in spiritual and religious ceremonies globally. This drug is now the most popular in Europ...
De Novo Biosynthesis of Antidepressant Psilocybin in Escherichia coli
Microbial Biotechnology – April 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a tryptamine-derived alkaloid, holds Breakthrough Therapy status for depression, addressing Tryptophan and brain disorders. Its sustainable production is crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Scientists engineered *Escherichia coli* to overcome low *Enzyme* activity in its *Biosynthesis*. Through clever Biochemistry and Chemistry, including N-terminal modifications and precursor supply, they boosted norbaeocystin production 33-fold to 105.3 mg/L. Ultimately, this improved *Biology* yielded 79.4 mg/L of psilocybin, a 100-fold increase, advancing efficient chemical synthesis of this important compound.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Psilocybin, a tryptamine‐derived alkaloid, has been granted Breakthrough Therapy designation by the U.S. FDA for treatment‐resistant depre...
Therapeutic Potential of Fungally Derived Psilocybin Extract in Morphine-Dependent Mice: A Research Protocol
Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal – June 10, 2024
Summary
A compelling new direction in **medicine** suggests **Psilocybin**, a natural **hallucinogen** and **alkaloid**, could combat **opioid addiction**. New **neuroscience** research, part of broader **drug studies** on **psychedelics**, will investigate how this compound, influencing **neurotransmitter receptors**, can reduce **Morphine** consumption. **Pharmacology** suggests **Psilocybin** acts as a serotonin **agonist**, stabilizing **psychology** during withdrawal. **Addiction** treatment anticipates **Morphine**-dependent mice will consume significantly less, with withdrawal symptoms minimized to levels comparable to established treatments like **Methadone**. This offers a cheaper, less dependent therapeutic option.
Abstract
Introduction: Psilocybin is a naturally occurring tryptamine derivative psychedelic compound potently produced by fungi members of the genus Psiloc...
Emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin.
Scientific reports – February 10, 2020
Summary
A single psilocybin dose can elevate positive mood for a full month. A pilot study with 12 healthy volunteers investigated whether psilocybin administration leads to lasting emotional and brain changes. One week after, participants reported reduced negative affect and increased positive affect, alongside altered brain responses to emotional stimuli. Crucially, one month later, positive affect remained elevated, and trait anxiety decreased. Brain plasticity also increased, with more functional connections across the brain. These findings suggest psilocybin may enhance emotional and brain plasticity, highlighting negative affect as a promising therapeutic target.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic compound that may have efficacy for the treatment of mood and substance use disorders. Acute psilocybin effects...
Sub-acute effects of psilocybin on EEG correlates of neural plasticity in major depression: Relationship to symptoms
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 30, 2023
Summary
A single psilocybin dose doubled specific brain activity linked to neuroplasticity, measured via Electroencephalography (EEG), in 19 individuals with depression. This hallucinogen's antidepressant effect, unlike placebo, correlated with improved psychology. This Neuroscience finding, vital for Psychiatry and Medicine, suggests how this alkaloid influences neurotransmitter receptors. While distinct from anesthesia, these Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight chemical synthesis's role in advancing our understanding of behavior.
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that serotonergic psychedelics (e.g. psilocybin), have rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant effects after a s...
Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: effects on cognition.
Psychopharmacology – October 01, 2018
Summary
Intriguingly, two distinct types of hallucinogen, while acting differently, show unique impacts on mental function. Researchers explored how the psychedelic drug psilocybin and the dissociative hallucinogen dextromethorphan affect cognition. A double-blind study with 20 participants found neither substance caused global cognitive impairment. Psilocybin led to dose-dependent changes in working memory and perception. Dextromethorphan influenced balance and executive control more significantly. Both offer distinct insights into brain function without causing overall mental decline.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics (serotonin 2A receptor agonists) and dissociative hallucinogens (NMDA receptor antagonists), though differing in pharmacology,...
Striking long-term beneficial effects of single dose psilocybin and psychedelic mushroom extract in the SAPAP3 rodent model of OCD-like excessive self-grooming
Molecular Psychiatry – October 11, 2024
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin dramatically reduced symptoms resembling Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. In a trial with 50 mice, a placebo-like vehicle increased self-grooming by 118.71% over 21 days. Psilocybin decreased it by 14.60%, and a psychedelic mushroom extract by 19.20%. Concomitant anxiety and other behaviors also improved. This impactful finding in Psychology highlights psilocybin's potential in Medicine, offering new avenues for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, including those addressing Body Image and Dysmorphia.
Abstract
Abstract Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent disorder that causes serious disability. Available treatments leave 40% or more ...
Single-dose (10 mg) psilocybin reduces symptoms in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pharmacological challenge study.
Comprehensive psychiatry – July 01, 2025
Summary
For many with Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), current treatments fall short. Researchers explored if psilocybin, a psychedelic, could offer relief. Participants with OCD received a single 10mg dose. Positive results showed significant, rapid reduction in symptoms, especially compulsions, lasting up to a week. Psilocybin was well-tolerated, presenting a promising new avenue for managing this condition.
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and disabling condition. A large proportion of patients fail to respond to first-line treatment wit...
Association of Psilocybin Use in Adolescents with Major Depressive Episode
European Psychiatry – June 01, 2022
Summary
Adolescents who have used the hallucinogen psilocybin show significantly higher rates of major depressive episodes. Among 172,745 surveyed, 31% of the 2,469 lifetime psilocybin users experienced a major depressive episode, versus 16% of non-users. The odds of psilocybin use were 2.17 times higher for those with a major depressive episode (Odds ratio: 2.17; Confidence interval: 1.93-2.44). This association is critical for psychiatry and psychology, raising public health concerns about this psychedelic's use in youth and its implications for medicine.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin is a psychedelic drug found in mushrooms, often referred to as magic mushrooms due to its visual and auditory hallucination...
High dose of psilocybin induces acute behavioral changes without inducing conditioned place preference in Sprague-Dawley rats
Journal of Psychopharmacology – September 22, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics, like psilocybin, show promise in drug studies, yet their reward potential is unclear. Using a conditioned place preference paradigm, 10 mg/kg psilocybin administered to rats over 8 days did not create reinforcing effects, suggesting low addiction liability. While the chemical synthesis of this alkaloid temporarily altered behaviors like head twitching and grooming during administration, these changes vanished within 48 hours. This indicates psilocybin's transient neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, without inducing lasting reward.
Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been a resurgence of scientific interest in psychedelics, including psilocybin, for their potential in treat...
476. ACUTE AND CHRONIC PSILOCYBIN IN MOUSE MODELS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
Acute psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduced compulsive grooming in mice modeling OCD for up to one week. This finding suggests a targeted therapeutic role for this compound in Psychiatry and Medicine, a focus of Psychedelics and Drug Studies. A 1 mg/kg dose of psilocybin also induced head-twitches, indicating its hallucinogenic potential. However, chronic administration showed no benefits for anxiety or compulsive behaviors. These Neuroscience and Psychology insights, relevant to chemical synthesis and alkaloids, highlight acute psilocybin's promise while cautioning against chronic use.
Abstract
Abstract Background The evident limitations of current treatments for depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), underscore the n...
Concurrent stress modulates the acute and post-acute effects of psilocybin in a sex-dependent manner
Neuropharmacology – December 24, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, affects males and females differently, a crucial insight for Psychiatry and Medicine. In C57BL/6J mice, psilocybin increased head-twitch responses more significantly in females. This pharmacology also revealed that acute stress entirely blocked psilocybin's anxiety-reducing effects in males, yet only partially in females. Neuroscience indicates both stress and psilocybin independently raised corticosterone levels. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight how the psychological experience, beyond chemical synthesis, profoundly shapes psilocybin's mood-altering actions, vital for therapeutic use.
Abstract
There is renewed interest in psychedelics, such as psilocybin, as therapies for multiple difficult-to-treat psychiatric disorders. Even though psyc...
Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: similarities and differences in subjective experiences.
Psychopharmacology – February 01, 2018
Summary
Even among hallucinogens, experiences differ profoundly. In humans, a double-blind comparison showed that while both Psilocybin, a classic psychedelic, and Dextromethorphan (DXM) induce powerful subjective experience, Psilocybin uniquely fosters significantly more visual diversity, mystical experience, and profound insightful experience. Psilocybin also enhanced music absorption, offering a richer, more complex journey than DXM, which caused more disembodiment.
Abstract
Although psilocybin and dextromethorphan (DXM) are hallucinogens, they have different receptor mechanisms of action and have not been directly comp...
Psilocybin for major depressive disorder: a systematic review of randomized controlled studies
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 23, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a unique hallucinogen, significantly reduced anxiety symptoms in 80% of five randomized controlled trials involving 472 adult patients with major depressive disorder. It also improved depressive symptoms in 60% of these studies. Tolerability was favorable; discontinuation rates were similar (2–13% for psilocybin) to controls (4–21%). While suicidal ideation improved in one trial, headache was a common adverse effect. This finding holds promise for psychiatry, medicine, and clinical psychology, advancing psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability...
Psilocybin administered following extinction sessions does not affect subsequent cocaine cue reinstatement in male and female rats and mice.
Neuroscience – November 01, 2024
Summary
While psilocybin shows promise for treating various conditions, new research reveals its limitations in addressing cocaine addiction. In controlled experiments, both mice and rats were trained to self-administer cocaine, then given psilocybin during addiction recovery. Despite hopes, the psychedelic compound didn't prevent animals from returning to cocaine-seeking behavior when exposed to familiar drug cues.
Abstract
There are currently no pharmacological treatments for cocaine use disorder. Recently there has been a great deal of interest in the potential of ps...
The role of psilocybin in depressive disorders
Current Medical Research and Opinion – August 23, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, offers rapid and lasting antidepressant effects for those battling Major depressive disorder. Reviews across Psychiatry and Clinical psychology highlight its promise in Medicine, particularly for treatment-resistant depression and anxiety. This psychedelic, often combined with psychological support, has demonstrated sustained benefits up to 12 months post-treatment. With a favorable safety profile and low abuse potential, psilocybin could be a valuable Complementary and Alternative Medicine option, enhancing current pharmacological agents for severe depression.
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality and psilocybin with psychotherapy has emerged as a pr...
Striking Long Term Beneficial Effects of Single Dose Psilocybin and Psychedelic Mushroom Extract in the SAPAP3 Rodent Model of OCD-Like Excessive Self-Grooming
OpenAlex – June 29, 2024
Summary
A single dose of Psilocybin, a potent Hallucinogen, dramatically reduced compulsive behaviors in a Rodent model of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. In 50 Rodent models, those receiving a vehicle showed a 118% increase in self-grooming over a 21-day Term, while 16 mice given psilocybin saw a 14.6% decrease in this behavior. This powerful Psychedelic effect, relevant to Psychology and Drug Studies, persisted up to 7 weeks, offering hope for lasting relief from severe symptoms.
Abstract
Abstract Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent disorder that causes serious disability. Available treatments leave 40% or more ...
Psilocybin microdosers demonstrate greater observed improvements in mood and mental health at one month relative to non-microdosing controls
Scientific Reports – June 30, 2022
Summary
Microdosing the hallucinogen psilocybin shows promise for mental health. A 30-day observational study of 953 microdosers and 180 non-microdosers revealed small-to-medium improvements in mood and overall mental well-being, consistent across demographics. Older adults specifically experienced psychomotor performance gains. For older individuals, combining psilocybin with lion's mane and niacin further enhanced these psychomotor benefits, offering new insights for psychology, psychiatry, and clinical psychology. This contributes to pharmacology, psychedelic medicine, and complementary drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin microdosing involves repeated self-administration of mushrooms containing psilocybin at doses small enough to not impact regula...
Psilocybin for treating substance use disorders?
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics – August 10, 2016
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, offers exciting new avenues for addiction treatment within clinical psychology and psychiatry. This psychedelic medicine shows promise for Substance Use Disorders where traditional pharmacotherapy falls short. Its chemical synthesis mimics serotonin, influencing neurotransmitter receptors to elevate mood and improve emotional control. Preliminary data from ongoing human studies on alcohol and smoking addiction reveal promising effects. Psilocybin has a low risk of toxicity and dependence, making its use safe under controlled conditions. This pharmacology insight, crucial for Drug Studies, highlights its potential in medicine and psychology.
Abstract
Evidence based treatment for Substance use disorders (SUD) includes psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. However, these are only partially effective....
The serotonin 1B receptor is required for some of the behavioral effects of psilocybin in mice
OpenAlex – October 21, 2024
Summary
A compelling neuroscience discovery reveals psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, may alleviate depression through an unexpected serotonin receptor. Instead of the 5-HT2A receptor causing psychedelic effects, drug studies show the 5-HT1B receptor mediates antidepressant-like behaviors. In mouse models, those lacking 5-HT1B receptors exhibited attenuated reductions in anxiety and anhedonia after psilocybin administration. This pharmacology insight into neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior suggests targeting non-hallucinogenic receptors could offer new strategies in psychology and psychedelic drug development, broadening the scope of drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract Recent studies highlight the promising use of psychedelic therapies for psychiatric disorders, including depression. The persisting clinic...
Psilocybin biphasically modulates cortical and behavioral activity in mice
OpenAlex – January 20, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a serotonergic hallucinogen, dramatically reshapes how the brain processes sound. Neuroscience reveals a 2 mg/kg dose initially boosts activity in the auditory cortex, boosting behavioral responses to stimulus. However, 30 minutes later, mice become less active, and sound responses decrease, while neural "noise" increases. Intriguingly, neuronal selectivity for sounds remains stable. This work illuminates how psilocybin modulates intrinsic versus stimulus-driven activity in the sensory system, potentially explaining hallucinations without disrupting core perception, with implications for areas like the visual cortex and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
SUMMARY Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic believed to have therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric conditions. Despite well-documented pr...
Psilocybin's effects on obsessive-compulsive behaviors: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence
Psychedelics. – October 28, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin shows striking promise for obsessive-compulsive behaviors, according to a systematic review of 13 investigations. Clinically, single doses rapidly reduced symptoms in patients with OCD and body dysmorphic disorder. Crucially, in a genetic mouse model of compulsive behavior, a single psilocybin administration led to robust, enduring reductions in excessive grooming, effects replicated across independent laboratories. While some animal responses were transient, these lasting anti-compulsive effects in validated models highlight significant therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with growing evidence for efficacy in mood disorders, and its therapeutic potential in obsessive—compulsiv...
Assessing The Readiness of Psychiatrists in Louisiana to Incorporate Psilocybin into Clinical Practice—Lessons Learned from a State Underrepresented in Clinical Psychedelic Research
Psychedelic Medicine – December 19, 2025
Summary
A significant 86% of psychiatrists in Louisiana believe psilocybin should be researched for its medicinal value. In a survey with 49 respondents, 82% reported having “some knowledge” of psilocybin, and 71% would prescribe it if proven beneficial. Additionally, 57% felt it should be considered a first-line treatment for certain conditions. However, only 10.5% of surveyed psychiatrists responded, which may limit the generalizability of these findings. This highlights the need for educational programs on psychedelics to enhance understanding and integration into clinical practice.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin has been granted breakthrough therapy status in the United States, speeding its advancement from research to clinical care. ...
Engaging Mood Brain Circuits with Psilocybin (EMBRACE): a study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled and delayed-start, neuroimaging trial in depression.
Trials – July 03, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, the active compound in psychedelic mushrooms, shows promise in treating major depressive disorder. This groundbreaking trial examines how psilocybin affects brain networks in depression using advanced imaging. Fifty patients will receive either psilocybin or placebo, with researchers measuring cerebral blood flow and brain activity changes through functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide across domains of health and cognition, affecting overall quality of lif...
Overview Of Review (OoR) on PSILOCYBIN in Psychiatric Disorders
OpenAlex – August 04, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent Hallucinogen, holds significant promise for mental health. A new protocol outlines a comprehensive "Overview of Review" to rigorously assess its therapeutic effects, safety, and adverse reactions across numerous psychiatric disorders. This crucial Psychiatry and Psychology initiative will synthesize extensive findings from existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. The goal is to consolidate scattered evidence, providing a robust foundation for future Health and Well-being Studies and clinical applications, including potential relevance for Autism Spectrum Disorder research.
Abstract
eview question / Objective This protocol outlines the methodology for an "Overview of Review" (OoR) study which aims to conduct a comprehensive ana...
Psilocybin reduces grooming in the SAPAP3 knockout mouse model of compulsive behaviour.
Neuropharmacology – January 01, 2025
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin significantly reduced compulsive behaviors in mice for up to a week, offering hope for OCD treatment. The compound was tested in specially bred mice that exhibit excessive grooming behaviors similar to human compulsive disorders. While it didn't affect anxiety levels, psilocybin effectively decreased compulsive grooming, particularly in male mice, suggesting potential as a long-lasting therapeutic option.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic compound which shows promise for treating compulsive behaviours. This is particularly pertinent as compuls...
Magic of the Mushrooms: Effects of Psilocybin Decriminalization
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – July 10, 2024
Summary
Decriminalization of psilocybin, a therapeutic hallucinogen, profoundly shifts public interest. Analysis of extensive web-based search data reveals a marked increase in psilocybin inquiries, alongside a notable reduction for other psychedelics like LSD and MDMA. This nationwide trend suggests a significant public health benefit, as individuals gravitate towards psilocybin, considered the safest option. This finding contributes to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, reflecting policy's impact on Medicine and Pharmacology, and its potential in Psychology for mental health.
Abstract
In the past few years, psilocybin, a psychedelic compound found in "magic mushrooms" (psilocybin mushrooms), has undergone decriminalization in num...
Effects of psilocybin on body weight, body composition, and metabolites in male and female mice.
Physiology & behavior – October 01, 2024
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin increased body weight in mice without affecting their food intake, revealing unexpected effects on metabolism. The compound led to higher body weight in both male and female mice, primarily by increasing lean muscle mass and water content. Even when researchers blocked certain serotonin receptors with ketanserin, the weight changes persisted. Blood tests showed altered metabolism markers, suggesting psilocybin may influence body composition through complex biological pathways.
Abstract
There is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for the treatment of a wide variety of medical problems, and even for the prom...
The molecular mechanisms through which psilocybin prevents suicide: evidence from network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses
Translational Psychiatry – June 16, 2025
Summary
The hallucinogen psilocybin, a potent psychedelic, holds significant promise for suicide prevention. Using advanced pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, 46 potential targets were identified. Specifically, four key neurotransmitter receptors (HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR7, PRKACA) were found to strongly bind psilocybin. This suggests the alkaloid, a product of chemical synthesis, influences behavior by modulating crucial brain signaling pathways, including serotonergic synapses and calcium signaling. These drug studies offer vital insights into psilocybin's therapeutic potential in medicine and psychology.
Abstract
Psilocybin is among the most extensively studied psychedelics, with previous research suggesting its potential therapeutic role in suicide preventi...
A Bayesian Reanalysis of a Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression
OpenAlex – June 30, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin shows extremely strong evidence of non-inferiority to escitalopram for Major Depressive Disorder. In a reanalysis involving 59 patients, this Psychiatry finding suggests psychedelics, specifically psilocybin, offer a promising alternative. While not always clinically superior by a meaningful amount on all measures like QIDS SR-16, it significantly outperformed escitalopram on the HAMD scale. This work in Clinical Psychology and Mental Health Research Topics highlights the potential of drug studies combining psilocybin with psychological support, moving beyond traditional placebo comparisons in mental health.
Abstract
Objectives: To perform a Bayesian reanalysis of a recent trial of psilocybin (COMP360) versus escitalopram for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in o...
The potential of psilocybin use to enhance well-being in healthy individuals – A scoping review
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – November 29, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, consistently enhances well-being in healthy individuals. A review of existing literature, including PsycINFO, reveals that for the majority of participants, psilocybin use led to positive outcomes like improved self-acceptance, stronger relationships, and greater life purpose. This compelling finding suggests psilocybin's potential in clinical psychology and mental health. The conceptualization of well-being improvements through psychedelics offers new avenues for Mental Health Research Topics and Drug Studies, pointing towards broader applications in Mental Health and Psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims This scoping review employed a multifaceted conceptualization of well-being to examine how psilocybin use affects well...
631. PSILOCYBIN AND KETANSERIN VS RTMS IN TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION: ENHANCING TOLERABILITY BY MITIGATING PSYCHEDELIC EFFECTS
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows remarkable efficacy in medicine, achieving up to 70% remission in treatment-resistant depression. Its psychedelic effects, however, can complicate psychology studies. A new pharmacology approach involves 68 patients with severe depression receiving psilocybin (25mg) alongside ketanserin (40mg), a chemical synthesis designed to block hallucinogenic properties. This drug studies protocol aims to improve tolerability by isolating psilocybin's antidepressant benefits. Comparing this non-psychedelic treatment with rTMS will advance understanding of these interventions for depression, addressing a significant economic burden.
Abstract
Abstract Background Among the innovative treatments investigated for depression, psilocybin appears to play an extremely promising role, with sever...
Psilocybin for psychiatric disorders: History, clinical trials, neuroimaging, and regulations
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences – February 26, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin shows promise as a therapeutic agent for major depressive disorder (MDD), with clinical trials indicating significant benefits. In recent studies, around 70% of participants reported reduced depressive symptoms after psilocybin treatment. Ongoing phase III trials are exploring its effects on MDD and related conditions, while neuroimaging techniques like MRI are beginning to reveal its impact on brain function. Despite its potential, psilocybin remains regulated in many countries, though some locations permit controlled use, highlighting the need for clearer guidelines and further investigation into its long-term safety and efficacy.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a classic psychedelic compound, has garnered renewed interest as a potential treatment for various psychiatric disorders. This review p...
Psilocybin Mushrooms and Public Health in Brazil: Insights from a Retrospective Analysis of Adverse Events and Their Implications for Regulatory Discussions.
International journal of medicinal mushrooms – January 01, 2025
Summary
Despite widespread concerns, psilocybin mushrooms showed remarkably low health risks in Brazil. Among 112,451 drug-related medical events, only 13 involved psilocybin mushrooms, with zero fatalities. While alcohol and cocaine led to numerous hospitalizations and deaths, psilocybin cases were mild and treatable. This data suggests current strict regulations may not match the actual public health risks of psilocybin mushrooms.
Abstract
Current drug policy classifies psilocybin, a compound found in psychoactive mushrooms, as having high abuse potential while overlooking its therape...
Characterization and Identification of an Antimicrobial Compound Psilocybin from Psychedelic Mushroom.
Indian journal of microbiology – June 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, known for its mind-altering properties from psychedelic mushrooms, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity. Studies confirmed psilocybin's presence and its power against common pathogens. It successfully inhibited various bacteria and fungi, with a low minimum inhibitory concentration observed for both. This highlights psilocybin's potential for new antimicrobial drug development.
Abstract
The antimicrobial compound psilocybin possesses psychoactive properties with therapeutic applications. Psilocybin is the main component naturally p...
Psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder.
Translational psychiatry – November 08, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin therapy can significantly boost mental agility. A recent study with 24 individuals facing major depression investigated if psilocybin improves cognitive and neural flexibility. It discovered that therapy enhanced cognitive flexibility for over a month. Brain imaging showed increased dynamic neural connections, indicating a more adaptable brain state. These positive shifts suggest psilocybin helps the brain become more flexible, opening new avenues for mental well-being.
Abstract
Psilocybin has shown promise for the treatment of mood disorders, which are often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction including cognitive rigidity...
Dose-dependent changes in global brain activity and functional connectivity following exposure to psilocybin: a BOLD MRI study in awake rats
Frontiers in Neuroscience – May 01, 2025
Summary
Females exhibited greater brain activation than males at 0.3 mg/kg psilocybin, particularly in thalamic and basal ganglia regions. This neuroscience work, using MRI in awake rats, explored the hallucinogen's effects. Psilocybin caused a dose-dependent increase in brain activity, notably in the somatosensory system. While prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation effects were explored, activity patterns differed from human psychology studies. This aids medicine's understanding of psychedelic drug studies and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, relevant for forensic toxicology and drug analysis. Doses ranged from 0.03 to 3.0 mg/kg.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. This is the first study to use MRI to follow functional changes i...