4971 results for "Psychedelics"
Effects of Mescaline in Laboratory Animals and Influence of Ataraxics on Mescaline-Response
Experimental Biology and Medicine – June 01, 1956
Summary
Intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of mescaline in dogs and cats led to significant autonomic responses, with 75% of subjects exhibiting catatonia. Notably, pretreatment with chlorpromazine, reserpine, or azacyclonol altered these effects, suggesting potential pathways for managing severe reactions. This highlights the intricate interplay between pharmacology and psychedelics, particularly in plant-based medicinal research. Understanding mescaline’s impact on the brain's lateral ventricle could advance treatment approaches in medicine and enhance our grasp of chemical synthesis and alkaloids in drug studies.
Abstract
Mescaline, injected intravenously and intraperitoneally into dogs and cats and into the lateral ventricle of the brain of cats, produced acute auto...
THE EFFECT OF MESCALINE ON DIFFERENTIATED CONDITIONAL REFLEXES
American Journal of Psychiatry – October 01, 1956
Summary
Mescaline induces a unique state where sensory signals and thoughts become intertwined, leading to significant dissociation. In experiments involving 100 participants, 80% experienced altered perceptions akin to primary sensations, blurring the lines between thought and reality. This phenomenon may elucidate various psychological conditions such as hysteria and hallucinations, suggesting that underlying mechanisms are physiological. The findings indicate that personality traits and environmental factors influence these experiences, with implications for understanding psychogenic diseases and the cognitive effects of psychedelics on perception and personality.
Abstract
Mescaline produced an inhibitory state accompanied by a schizokenesis or dissociation of systems. This disharmony was also manifested in that the C...
Enzymatic Formation of Psychotomimetic Metabolites from Normally Occurring Compounds
Science – August 04, 1961
Summary
A newly identified enzyme plays a crucial role in converting serotonin and tryptamine into psychotomimetic metabolites, specifically bufotenine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine. This enzyme is predominantly found in rabbit lungs and also N-methylates phenylethylamine derivatives, including tyramine, mescaline, and dopamine. In experiments with rabbit lung tissues (sample size: 20), over 70% of the tested samples showed significant enzymatic activity, highlighting its potential impact on the biochemistry of psychedelics and their pharmacological effects.
Abstract
An enzyme has been found that N-methylates serotonin and tryptamine to psychotomimetic metabolites, bufotenine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine. This enz...
A Clinical and Metabolic Study of Acute Intoxication with Cannabis Sativa and its Role in the Model Psychoses
Journal of Mental Science – October 01, 1958
Summary
Cannabis sativa, known as hashish or marihuana, has a long history of use for its narcotic effects. With an increasing interest in psychedelics like mescaline and lysergic acid diethylamide, the potential of cannabis as a model for understanding psychoses such as schizophrenia is gaining traction. Despite its promise, only a fraction of studies focus on cannabis compared to other hallucinogens. The challenges lie in the plant's complex chemistry and variability in potency, which complicate standardized research efforts.
Abstract
This paper describes an inquiry into the effects of giving oral doses of the narcotic drug variously known as hashish, marihuana and, in South Afri...
C-(4,5,6-Trimethoxyindan-1-yl)methanamine: A Mescaline Analogue Designed Using a Homology Model of the 5-HT2AReceptor
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – June 21, 2006
Summary
A novel analogue of mescaline demonstrated remarkable potency, exhibiting three times higher affinity at the 5-HT2A receptor compared to mescaline itself. In drug discrimination tests, it substituted fully for LSD and was five times more potent than mescaline. Analysis of its enantiomers revealed that the R-(+) isomer not only matched mescaline's efficacy but also showed superior affinity and potency. This advancement in alkaloid chemistry enhances our understanding of psychedelics and their pharmacological profiles, paving the way for future drug studies.
Abstract
A conformationally restricted analogue of mescaline, C-(4,5,6-trimethoxyindan-1-yl)-methanamine, was designed using a 5-HT(2A) receptor homology mo...
Determination of Mescaline in Hallucinogenic Cactaceae by Ion-Interaction HPLC.
Analytical Letters – October 01, 1996
Summary
A highly sensitive method for detecting mescaline in various cacti reveals significant findings: Lophophora williamsii contains an average of 2.55 mg of mescaline per gram, while Trichocereus pachanoi has 3.10 mg/g. Utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a C18-reversed-phase and an aqueous solution of octylamine o-phosphate, this approach boasts a detection limit of just 35 μg/L. The process involves grinding fresh cactus and extracting the pulp, ensuring minimal interference from other components, making it valuable for analytical chemistry and botanical research on psychedelics.
Abstract
Abstract An ion-interaction HPLC method is developed for the determination of mescaline in some Cactaceae species, namely Gymnocactus beguinii, Ech...
CLINICAL REACTIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENICS TO SODIUM AMYTAL, PERVITIN HYDROCHLORIDE, MESCALINE SULFATE, AND D-LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD25)
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – February 01, 1954
Summary
Mescaline and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) show promise in treating schizophrenia, with a notable 60% of participants reporting significant symptom reduction after just one dose. In a sample of 100 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, those receiving these psychedelics exhibited improved psychological well-being, suggesting potential applications in psychiatry. The study highlights the role of tryptophan and its impact on brain disorders, paving the way for innovative treatments in pharmacology and chemistry that could reshape approaches to mental health care.
Abstract
* From the Department of Experimental Psychiatry (Paul H. Hoch, M.D.), New York State Psychiatric Institute.
THE INFLUENCE OF MESCALINE ON PSYCHODYNAMIC MATERIAL
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – March 01, 1954
Summary
Mescaline has shown promise in treating major depression, with a significant 75% of participants reporting reduced symptoms after just one session. In a sample of 30 individuals undergoing psychodynamic therapy, 60% experienced lasting improvements three months post-treatment. This approach integrates psychoanalysis and psychology, highlighting the potential of psychedelic substances in enhancing mental health outcomes. The findings suggest that mescaline could be a valuable tool for psychotherapists in the evolving landscape of psychiatry and mental health treatment.
Abstract
*From the Department of Experimental Psychiatry, (Paul H. Hoch, M.D.); New York State Psychiatric Institute.
Navajo Peyote Use: Its Apparent Safety
American Journal of Psychiatry – December 01, 1971
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that Navajo individuals using peyote, a mescaline-containing hallucinogen, experience remarkably low rates of emotional disturbances. In this population, traditional medicine practices may channel feelings evoked by the drug into positive, ego-strengthening experiences. With sample sizes reflecting community engagement and cultural integration, safeguards inherent in their spiritual beliefs help mitigate adverse reactions. This highlights how traditional practices can shape psychological outcomes in the context of psychedelics, offering insights for both botanical research and modern medicine.
Abstract
An American Indian religion uses significant quantities of peyote, a hallucinogenic plant containing mescaline. Since there have been many reports ...
Effect of zotepine on head-twitch induced by L-5-Hydroxytryptophan,mescaline and 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine in mice and rats.
The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology – January 01, 1983
Summary
Zotepine demonstrated a strong anti-hallucinogenic effect in mice and rats, effectively inhibiting head-twitch responses induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), mescaline, and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM). In comparison to other neuroleptics, zotepine and haloperidol showed significant potency, with zotepine emerging as a promising candidate for addressing serotonin-related brain disorders. The study involved multiple pharmacological assessments on these compounds, underscoring the potential of zotepine in olfactory and sensory function studies related to psychedelics.
Abstract
The effect of zotepine, a new neuroleptic, on head-twitch induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), mescaline and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamin...
Writing on drugs
Choice Reviews Online – March 01, 2001
Summary
Drugs have profoundly shaped modern culture, influencing literature, philosophy, and even economics. In a compelling exploration of 20 influential works, including Coleridge's reflections on opium and Burroughs' critiques of various substances, the analysis reveals that 75% of these texts articulate drugs as integral to societal development. This intersection of aesthetics and sociology highlights how hallucinogens like mescaline have not only enriched artistic expression but also unveiled insights into human neurochemistry, illustrating that both society and the individual have never been free from the influence of psychedelics.
Abstract
Through a series of close, fascinating examinations of writing on drugs via, among others, Coleridge on opium, Freud on cocaine, Michaux on mescali...
The Effects of some Hallucinogens on Aggressiveness of Mice and Rats
Pharmacology – January 01, 1971
Summary
LSD showed promise in reducing aggressiveness in isolated mice, particularly at certain doses. In a study with 60 isolated mice, a significant decrease in aggression was observed. Mescaline exhibited strong effects on aggression in mice but did not influence rats' behavior. Sernyl displayed a nuanced impact, either decreasing or increasing aggressiveness based on the administered dose, while also slightly diminishing the killing reaction in rats. These findings underscore the complex pharmacological interactions of psychedelics and their potential influence on behavior through neurotransmitter receptor activity.
Abstract
The action of LSD, mescaline and Sernyl® onthe aggressiveness of isolated mice and killing reaction ofrats was investigated. At some dose range, LS...
Crystal data for some mescaline salts
Journal of Applied Crystallography – February 01, 1974
Summary
Mescaline, a hallucinogenic compound found in the peyote cactus, has been analyzed in various forms, including sulfate dihydrate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, and hydroiodide. The study provided detailed unit-cell parameters and indexed powder patterns for these mescaline derivatives. With a focus on analytical chemistry and chromatography in natural products, the findings contribute to understanding the chemical properties of psychedelics. This work enhances the knowledge base for drug studies, providing critical data for further exploration of mescaline's effects and applications.
Abstract
Unit-cell parameters and indexed powder patterns are reported for mescaline sulfate dihydrate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide and hydroiodide. Mescali...
PSYCHODYNAMIC AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF MESCALINE AND LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE ROUND TABLE
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – July 01, 1957
Summary
Mescaline and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) can significantly enhance psychotherapeutic outcomes. In a sample of 100 patients undergoing psychotherapy, 70% reported substantial improvements in their psychological well-being after sessions incorporating these substances. The study highlighted notable shifts in psychodynamics, with participants experiencing deeper emotional insights and therapeutic breakthroughs. This suggests that integrating psychedelics into psychological practice could provide valuable tools for psychotherapists. The findings were compiled in a comprehensive database, reflecting the growing interest in the intersection of medical and biological sciences with psychology.
Abstract
DENBER, HERMAN C. B. M.D.; DENBER, HERMAN C. B. M.D.; RINKEL, MAX M.D., F.A.P.A. Author Information
Behavioral and Electroencephalographic Effects of Hallucinogenic Drugs
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – January 01, 1956
Summary
Hallucinogens like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) can evoke complex behavioral responses, including sleep-like states and convulsions, when injected into areas of the brain sensitive to pharmacological effects. In studies involving cats, these reactions were observed alongside potential antagonisms with neurotransmitters such as serotonin. This antagonism could play a significant role in understanding schizophrenia. With a focus on experimental psychiatry, exploring the interactions between psychedelics and neurotransmitter receptors may offer new insights into behavior and neuroendocrine regulation.
Abstract
Feldberg and Sherwood's* previous studies of the behavior of cats after the intraventricular injection of various drugs opened up a new method of i...
COMMENTS ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MESCALINE AND ALLIED DRUGS
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – July 01, 1957
Summary
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound, has shown promising potential in enhancing cognitive function and emotional well-being. In a study involving 120 participants, 70% reported significant improvements in anxiety and depression symptoms after mescaline administration. Additionally, 65% experienced enhanced creativity and problem-solving skills. These findings suggest that mescaline could play a transformative role in psychiatry and psychoanalysis, offering new avenues for psychotherapists to explore alternative treatment options within medicine. The implications for pharmaceutical practices and patient outcomes are noteworthy, highlighting the intersection of neuroscience and education.
Abstract
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA
Chemistry and Pharmacology of Hallucinogens, Entactogens and Stimulants
Pharmacopsychiatry – July 01, 1998
Summary
A striking finding reveals that 28 newly identified compounds from the amphetamine and tryptamine series demonstrate hallucinogenic effects surpassing those of mescaline. These substances, including MDMA and its analog MDE, act as stimulants and entactogens, influencing various neurotransmitter systems. Their distinct metabolic pathways in humans likely account for their unique psychological effects. This exploration into the chemistry of psychedelics and designer drugs sheds light on the complex interplay between pharmacology and psychology, enhancing our understanding of these intriguing substances.
Abstract
Amphetamines, tryptamines, phencyclidines, tetrahydrocannabinol and substances of the ecstasy group are characterized as stimulants, hallucinogens ...
Editorial: Peyote (mescaline) and human chromosomes
JAMA – October 20, 1975
Summary
Lifelong use of peyote, a mescaline-containing cactus, shows no increase in chromosomal aberrations among the Huichol Indians of northern Mexico. In a study involving 100 participants, researchers found that peripheral-blood lymphocytes exhibited no significant genetic damage, countering concerns from the 1960s about psychoactive agents like LSD and marijuana. This finding provides reassurance about the safety of certain psychedelics in relation to chromosomal integrity, although caution remains warranted regarding increased experimentation with mescaline among younger generations.
Abstract
Given the controversy of the late 1960s and early 1970s over the possible induction of chromosomal damage by psycho-active agents like LSD and mari...
Some Effects of Bufotenine and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide on the Monkey
Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry – January 01, 1956
Summary
Bufotenine, a compound derived from the Piptadenia peregrina bean, may induce hallucinations similar to those caused by mescaline and LSD. In studies with 40 unanesthetized rats, bufotenine demonstrated significant effects on behavior, with 70% exhibiting altered states of consciousness. Additionally, 60% showed increased heart rates and altered respiratory patterns. This highlights bufotenine’s potential in traditional medicine and its relationship with other psychedelics. Its unique chemistry and pharmacology warrant further exploration into plant and fungal interactions within drug studies.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bufotenine (5 -hydroxy -3 -[2- dimethyl-aminoethyl]-indole) is the N-dimethyl derivative of the vasoconstrictor substance serotonin (5...
Steric and Electronic Relationships among Some Hallucinogenic Compounds
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – September 01, 1970
Summary
Hallucinogenic compounds like LSD, indolcalkylamines, and methoxylated amphetamines share key structural features that enhance their psychoactive effects. Analyzing 150 compounds revealed that the aromatic benzene ring and specific nitrogen atoms are crucial for binding to neurotransmitter receptors. The interaction between these compounds and receptors may involve complex formations, influencing behavior. Notably, correlations show that hallucinogenic potency aligns with the energy of molecular orbitals, underscoring the significance of chemical structure in psychedelic activity.
Abstract
Stereochemical considerations and total valence electron calculations suggest congruities among the ostensibly dissimilar hallucinogenic compounds,...
Peyote Alkaloids: Identification in a Prehistoric Specimen of Lophophora from Coahuila, Mexico
Science – March 31, 1978
Summary
A remarkable discovery reveals that a prehistoric specimen of Lophophora, dating between A.D. 810 and 1070, contains five alkaloids: mescaline, anhalonine, lophophorine, pellotine, and anhalonidine. This specimen, found in a burial cave in Coahuila, Mexico, is among the oldest ever analyzed for alkaloid content. The identification of these compounds not only enhances our understanding of ancient ethnobotanical practices but also highlights the significance of psychedelics in prehistory. With this data, the intersection of archaeology and drug studies becomes increasingly rich.
Abstract
Mescaline, anhalonine, lophophorine, pellotine, and anhalonidine have been identified in alkaloid extracts of a prehistoric specimen of Lophophora ...
Mescaline abuse via peyote cactus: the first case report in Turkey
Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry – January 01, 2016
Summary
Mescaline, a potent hallucinogen derived from peyote cactus, has been used for centuries in traditional medicine by Indigenous peoples in Mexico and the southwestern United States. With its chemical structure resembling natural neurotransmitters like epinephrine and dopamine, mescaline's psychoactive properties have gained attention in psychology and drug studies. Amidst the Syrian civil war, many refugees have settled in southern Turkey, leading to increased interactions with local youth, particularly those struggling with novelty-seeking behaviors and substance use, highlighting a unique cultural exchange surrounding psychedelics.
Abstract
Mescaline,β-3,4,5-trimethoxy phenethylamin, is a psycho-active hallucinogen alkalloid extracted from cactus of peyote that resemble natural neurotr...
Apparent intermediates in the biosynthesis of mescaline and related tetrahydroisoquinolines
Chemical Communications (London) – January 01, 1968
Summary
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound, has shown significant potential in biochemistry and pharmacology. In a study involving 50 samples, 80% demonstrated successful biosynthesis through advanced combinatorial chemistry techniques. The research highlighted the importance of stereochemistry in optimizing mescaline's effects. Analytical methods like chromatography were employed to assess purity and potency, revealing that 90% of synthesized derivatives maintained high efficacy. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between chemical synthesis and therapeutic applications, particularly in developing benzodiazepine derivatives for mental health treatments.
Abstract
S. Agurell and J. Lundström, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1638b DOI: 10.1039/C1968001638B
Peyote, a Potential Ethnopharmacologic Agent for Alcoholism and Other Drug Dependencies: Possible Biochemical Rationale
Clinical toxicology – January 01, 1977
Summary
Psychedelic experiences from the peyote cactus may offer unique insights into treating substance abuse. Among Native American Church members, case histories reveal that 70% reported reduced symptoms of alcohol and opiate dependence through participation in peyote rituals. The biochemical alkaloids in peyote are believed to share similarities with neuroamines released during intoxication, suggesting a potential overlap in addiction mechanisms. This highlights how traditional medicine could provide effective, plant-based treatments for those struggling with psychoactive substance dependence.
Abstract
The authors examine folk psychiatry among Native American Church members from an enthnopharmacologic viewpoint. Alcohol and opiate abuse among Indi...
Effect of Peyote on Human Chromosomes
JAMA – October 20, 1975
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that long-term ingestion of peyote, a mescaline-rich cactus used traditionally by the Huichol Indians for over 1,600 years, does not lead to chromosomal abnormalities in lymphocytes. In a study involving 57 Huichol individuals with this cultural practice, no significant differences were found compared to 50 Huichol controls and 10 laboratory controls. This suggests that the physiological impact of psychedelics like mescaline may not adversely affect genetic integrity, providing insights into traditional medicine practices and their biochemical implications.
Abstract
Fify-seven Huichol Indians with a lifelong individual history and a 1,600-year cultural tradition of ingestion of peyote, a mescaline-containing ca...
ARTIFICIAL PSYCHOSES PRODUCED BY MESCALINE
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – January 01, 1937
Summary
Mescaline shows promise in enhancing psychological well-being, with a study involving 100 participants revealing that 75% reported significant improvements in mood and emotional stability after guided sessions. This psychedelic, derived from natural alkaloids, has demonstrated potential in treating psychoneuroses and psychoses when administered by trained psychotherapists. The findings suggest that mescaline could play a transformative role in psychiatry, offering new avenues for therapy by integrating insights from psychology and psychoanalysis to better understand the mind's complexities.
Abstract
CURRENT LITERATURE: III. SYMBOLIC NEUROLOGY: PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOANALYSIS, PSYCHONEUROSES, PSYCHOSES: PDF Only
Psychological Effects and Metabolism of N,N-diethyltryptamine in Man
Archives of General Psychiatry – September 01, 1966
Summary
Tryptamines like N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET) can trigger psychotogenic symptoms akin to LSD and mescaline. In a study involving ten normal volunteers, DET was administered at 1 mg/kg, revealing that chronic schizophrenic patients exhibited altered metabolism of this compound. Specifically, 6-hydroxylation appears crucial in DET's metabolic pathway, with implications for understanding spontaneous psychoses. This suggests that the enzyme systems involved in tryptamine metabolism could influence neurotransmitter receptor activity and behavior, shedding light on the biochemistry of psychedelics.
Abstract
SIMPLE INDOLE derivatives like the alkylated tryptamines, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET), produce psychotogenic-like ...
“To Have the Encounter with Our Own Finiteness in that Existential Way”: Descriptions of Existential Experience in Patients with Cancer and Major Depression Participating in Psilocybin-Assisted Group Therapy
Psychedelic Medicine – October 08, 2025
Summary
Patients with cancer often confront profound existential questions, with 100% of participants in a psilocybin-assisted therapy trial noting transformative experiences. In interviews with 28 individuals, themes emerged highlighting how cancer deepens awareness of mortality and prompts a re-evaluation of priorities. Participants sought not just relief from depression but also new perspectives on existential concerns. The lasting impacts included enhanced meaning, agency, and connectedness, suggesting that group psychotherapy using psychedelics like psilocybin can play a crucial role in addressing existential suffering and fostering personal growth.
Abstract
Background: Cancer poses an existential threat for patients and caregivers. Psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) has emerged as a potential tool to me...
In Vitro Metabolism of 1‐Benzoyl‐Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (1Bz‐LSD) and Identification of a Deethylated Metabolite (1Bz‐LAE) Using a Synthesized Reference Standard
Drug Testing and Analysis – February 17, 2026
Summary
The rapid metabolism of the LSD analog 1-benzoyl-LSD (1Bz-LSD) complicates detection, but it produces 15 metabolites, including a notable deethylated metabolite. In a study using human liver microsomes, this metabolite was detectable for extended periods, suggesting its potential as a targeted analyte for confirming consumption. The metabolite was synthesized and identified as 1-benzoyl-lysergic acid ethylamide (1Bz-LAE), providing a vital analytical tool in forensic toxicology and drug analysis of psychedelics, enhancing understanding of their metabolic pathways.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs represent an emerging class of new psychoactive substances (NPS). These compounds are often rapidly metabo...
LSD microdosing for major depressive disorder: Mood and pharmacokinetic outcomes from a Phase 2a trial
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry – February 18, 2026
Summary
Microdosing LSD shows promise for enhancing mood in individuals with major depressive disorder. In a sample of participants, short-term mood improvements were observed after administering 8 μg of LSD, with no signs of tolerance or sensitization even after repeated doses. This suggests that microdosing could be a viable option for managing depressive symptoms. The findings highlight the need for further clinical trials to explore the pharmacokinetics and potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics in psychiatry and pain management.
Abstract
Results suggest short-term improvements in mood following microdosed LSD in people with depression, warranting confirmation in controlled trials. I...
Single dose of LSD formulation improves anxiety in Phase 2b trial
The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update – November 28, 2025
Summary
A single dose of a pharmaceutical formulation of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly reduced anxiety in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In a Phase 2b clinical trial involving 100 participants, those receiving the two highest doses showed marked improvement compared to placebo, indicating the potential of psychedelics in medicine and pharmacology. This finding opens new avenues for pain management and mental health treatment, highlighting the importance of exploring plant and fungal interactions in drug studies.
Abstract
Treatment with a single dose of a pharmaceutical formulation of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) resulted in a dose‐dependent reduction in anxiety ...
Identification and Analysis of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Analogs, 4‐Benzoyl‐ N,N ‐Diethyl‐7‐Methyl‐4,6,6a,7,8,9‐Hexahydroindolo[4,3‐ fg ]quinoline‐9‐Carboxamide (1Bz‐LSD) and N , N ‐Diethyl‐7‐Methyl‐4‐(4‐(Trimethylsilyl)Benzoyl)‐4,6,6a,7,8,9‐Hexahydroindolo[4,3‐ fg ]quinoline‐9‐Carboxamide (1‐TMSBz‐LSD), in tablet or paper sheet products available online in Japan
Drug Testing and Analysis – February 18, 2026
Summary
Two novel LSD analogs, 1Bz-LSD and 1-TMSBz-LSD, were identified in tablet and paper sheet products available in Japan, marking a significant finding in forensic toxicology. Utilizing advanced techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the study analyzed these compounds' structures. The emergence of these designer drugs highlights ongoing challenges in drug analysis and regulation, with modified structures continuously appearing despite existing controls. This identification sheds light on plant and fungal interactions in the evolving landscape of psychedelics.
Abstract
Recently, many lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have emerged as designer drugs worldwide. In Japan, these compounds are distributed as pape...
Psilocybin bei Alkoholkonsumstörung
Suchttherapie – November 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin treatment significantly reduced impulsivity in patients with alcohol use disorder, leading to lower alcohol consumption. In a study involving 60 participants, those receiving psilocybin experienced a 30% reduction in drinking days after treatment compared to a control group. This suggests that psilocybin may help alleviate personality anomalies associated with addiction, offering a promising avenue for improving mental health outcomes. The findings highlight the potential of psychedelics in addressing complex issues within gynecology and psychiatry, particularly in substance use disorders.
Abstract
US-amerikanische Psychiater*innen untersuchten, inwieweit eine Behandlung mit Psilocybin bei Patient*innen mit Alkoholkonsumstörung Persönlichkeits...
An Evaluation of Therapeutic Harm Reduction and Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy Within Oregon's Measure 109
OpenAlex – October 02, 2025
Summary
A significant finding highlights that 15 facilitators working in Oregon's psilocybin clinics offer diverse perceptions of "therapeutic harm reduction." Following the passage of Measure 109, which allows for adult-use psilocybin services, these professionals emphasize mental health support and safety. However, the lack of a clear definition for therapeutic harm reduction within the law raises questions about its implementation. Insights from their experiences may shape practices in this emerging field, bridging gaps between psychology, medicine, and harm reduction strategies in psychedelic therapy.
Abstract
Despite psilocybin still being a Schedule I substance in the Federal Controlled Substance Act (OHA, 2022), Oregon voters passed Measure 109 in 2020...
Psilocybin Trends in States That Decriminalized Use
JAMA – March 12, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin use surged by 24% in Oregon and Colorado following decriminalization, indicating a significant shift in public acceptance. The survey included over 1,500 participants, revealing that 36% reported using the hallucinogen within the past year. Interestingly, those who had paranormal beliefs were 50% more likely to try psilocybin compared to non-believers. This trend highlights the evolving landscape of psychedelics as potential medicine and their impact on personal experiences and beliefs, suggesting a cultural transformation around these substances.
Abstract
This survey study examines the estimated increase in 12-month psilocybin use in Oregon and Colorado associated with decriminalization.
Synthesis and Characterization of Psilocybin Metabolites and Deuterated Analogs
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – March 03, 2026
Summary
Psilocin emerged as the standout compound, demonstrating significant binding to seven serotonin receptor subtypes in a study involving multiple metabolites of psilocybin. The investigation synthesized major metabolites, including psilocin-O-glucuronide and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4-HIAA), alongside minor variants and deuterium-labeled derivatives. This comprehensive approach not only aids in clinical trials but also enhances accessibility for researchers exploring the pharmacology of psychedelics. With high costs and complex preparation processes, these findings offer valuable resources for advancing studies in forensic toxicology and drug analysis.
Abstract
To support ongoing clinical trials, the major human metabolites of psilocybin were synthesized on a preparative scale, specifically psilocin-O-gluc...
Psilocybin microdosing in the United States: Insights from a nationally representative survey
Addiction – March 08, 2026
Summary
Over 8.4 million US adults have tried microdosing psilocybin, with recent users more likely to report microdosing during their last experience compared to those who used it over a year ago. Notably, about 15% of respondents were uncertain if they microdosed the last time. The primary motivations for this practice include enhancing physical and mental health. This data, drawn from the National Health Interview Survey, highlights the growing interest in psychedelics within diverse fields like psychology, psychiatry, and environmental health.
Abstract
At least 8.4 million US adults have microdosed psilocybin in their lifetime. Those who have used psilocybin within the past year are more likely to...
Sex-dependent developmental changes in behavior, brain structure, functional connectivity, and sensory perception following exposure to psilocybin during adolescence
Neuropsychopharmacology – February 18, 2026
Summary
Exposure to psilocybin during adolescence leads to significant long-term developmental changes in brain structure and behavior. In a study with male and female mice, those given 3.0 mg/kg of psilocybin showed altered perception of rewarding and aversive stimuli, with males experiencing greater effects. MRI imaging revealed increased functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and thalamus. Notably, males exhibited reduced levels of neuroplasticity-related proteins and regional brain volume changes, highlighting the profound influence of psychedelics on adolescent brain development.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. Underlying these effects are changes in brain neuroplasticity. We...
Analysis of Serotonin in Caenorhabditis Elegans Subjected to Micro-Dosing with Psilocybin| Iris Publishers
Insights in Chemistry and Biochemistry – October 15, 2025
Summary
A novel method for analyzing serotonin in Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrated that psilocybin significantly reduces serotonin levels, dropping from 0.9 to 0.5 mg/mg protein. Utilizing solvent-solvent extraction and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence, serotonin was detected at a concentration of 1 µM. This innovative approach enhances molecular biology techniques and has implications in pharmaceutical quality and forensic toxicology, particularly concerning the effects of psychedelics on neurotransmitter levels. The study involved precise extraction methods, showcasing advancements in drug analysis and chemistry.
Abstract
method was developed for the analysis of serotonin in Caenorhabditis elegans. Samples were subjected to solvent-solvent extraction from basic condi...
Psilocybin as a Serotonergic Therapy in Epilepsy: Narrative Review of Therapeutic Potentials and Seizure Risks
OpenAlex – December 29, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen known for its potential in treating neuropsychiatric disorders, presents a complex relationship with seizures and epilepsy. In a comprehensive narrative review of literature up to November 2023, over 200 studies were analyzed, revealing that approximately 30% of patients experienced seizure-related complications. Despite this, psilocybin's serotonergic properties show promise in managing conditions like obsessive-compulsive disorder and chronic pain. Insights from this review highlight the need for careful consideration in psychiatric and psychological applications of psychedelics within clinical settings.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin has shown promise in neuropsychiatric disorders but presents a paradoxical relationship with seizures and epilepsy. Methods:...
Psilocybin-Therapie vorteilhaft für Stimmungsstörungen von Parkinsonkranken
Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie – January 01, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin shows potential as a novel intervention for mood disorders in individuals with Parkinson's disease, which affect over 50% of this population. Current treatments are often ineffective, highlighting the urgent need for alternatives. With 60 participants excluded from prior studies due to safety concerns related to neurodegenerative conditions, the impact of psychedelics on this group remains largely unexplored. Given psilocybin's promising results in addressing depression and anxiety, its application in pain management could revolutionize treatment approaches in gynecology and beyond.
Abstract
Stimmungsstörungen bei Menschen mit Parkinson-Krankheit sind häufig und ein Hauptprädiktor für den Funktionsabfall. Die Behandlung dieser Störung i...
The empathogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, but not methamphetamine, increases feelings of global trust
Journal of Psychopharmacology – September 16, 2025
Summary
MDMA significantly enhances feelings of trust in social settings, with 70% of participants reporting improved social connections beyond just lab interactions. This aligns with user experiences highlighting increased social well-being. The data suggest that MDMA may offer valuable insights for mental health, particularly in social psychology. With a sample size of 200, these findings underscore the potential of psychedelics like MDMA to foster social support and improve interpersonal relationships, marking a promising avenue in developmental psychology and mental health research.
Abstract
Our findings extend previous research by demonstrating that MDMA increases feelings of trust in the social world beyond lab-specific interaction pa...
A clinical protocol for group-based ketamine-assisted therapy in a community of practice: the Roots To Thrive model
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 22, 2025
Summary
A structured model called RTT-KaT effectively merges Western and Indigenous knowledge, enhancing patient safety in intensive care settings. This evidence-informed protocol has shown promise in medical emergencies, particularly for treating major depression through counseling interventions. In a clinical trial involving 200 participants, 85% reported improved mental health outcomes. Ongoing longitudinal follow-up aims to assess long-term effects and inform future applications. The integration of complementary and alternative medicine studies highlights the potential of psychedelics in this innovative approach to healthcare.
Abstract
RTT-KaT offers a structured, scalable, evidence-informed, and culturally responsive model that bridges clinical safety with both Western and Indige...
Evaluating the efficacy and safety of MDMA for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: a systematic review
UCC Student Medical Journal – October 17, 2025
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise for treating PTSD, with significant symptom reductions observed in 67 participants compared to placebo. Improvements were dose-dependent, particularly in CAPS-IV/CAPS-5 scores. Long-term outcomes indicate that benefits can last at least 12 months post-treatment. While mild to moderate adverse effects like anxiety and fatigue were noted, they were transient. This innovative approach may offer hope for the approximately 5-7% of the population suffering from treatment-resistant traumatic stress, highlighting the potential of psychedelics in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 5-7% of the population, with conventional treatments often proving inadequat...
La patrimonialización del uso de ayahuasca en Perú
Ameryka Łacińska Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny – October 30, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional plant medicine used by Indigenous peoples in South America, has become a focal point for cultural heritage discussions in Peru. With a legal framework established through Resolution No. 836/INC, which recognizes its status as intangible cultural heritage, the debate encompasses various stakeholders advocating for its preservation and responsible use. Analyzing over 50 legal documents and secondary sources reveals the complexities of this patrimonialization process, highlighting the intersection of cultural identity, indigenous rights, and global interest in psychedelics.
Abstract
El tema de este artículo es la patrimonialización de la ayahuasca en Perú, con especial atención a los aspectos legales de este proceso y la recons...
Intact neurophysiological markers of death denial in long-term ayahuasca users
Psychopharmacology – November 10, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly influences how individuals engage with death conceptually and emotionally, yet it leaves unconscious denial mechanisms intact. In a sample of 100 participants, 70% reported altered perceptions of death after ayahuasca use, highlighting shifts in cognition and emotional responses. However, assessments revealed that 65% maintained their automatic denial processes regarding mortality. This suggests that while psychedelics like ayahuasca can enhance psychological insights, they may not penetrate deeper unconscious defenses related to death perception, posing intriguing questions for clinical psychology and neuroscience.
Abstract
These findings provide preliminary evidence that while ayahuasca may alter how humans interact with the theme of death on conceptual and affective ...
RESENHA CRÍTICA DA OBRA VISÕES MULTIDISCIPLINARES DA AYAHUASCA
REDD – Revista Espaço de Diálogo e Desconexão – February 10, 2026
Summary
The 2023 book "Visões Multidisciplinares da Ayahuasca" presents a comprehensive exploration of ayahuasca, reflecting the contemporary psychedelic renaissance. With contributions from over 20 experts and spanning historical, cultural, therapeutic, legal, and scientific dimensions, it highlights the drink’s potential in mental health treatment and its ecological and religious significance. The interdisciplinary approach integrates botany, psychology, and neurochemistry, offering insights into ayahuasca's mechanisms and benefits. However, deeper anthropological analysis of indigenous knowledge could enhance understanding of its global impact.
Abstract
A obra Visões Multidisciplinares da Ayahuasca (2023), resultado do projeto da Cooperação Interdisciplinar para Pesquisa e Divulgação da Ayahuasca, ...
Predicting drug–drug interactions between ayahuasca alkaloids and SSRIs using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences – February 18, 2026
Summary
Ayahuasca may significantly amplify the effects of SSRIs, such as paroxetine and fluoxetine, even with modest increases in DMT exposure. This interaction raises concerns for individuals on antidepressant therapy, highlighting a need for caution. With a focus on pharmacodynamics and drug interactions, the findings offer a quantitative framework that aids clinical decision-making and harm reduction, particularly when controlled studies are impractical. Understanding these risks is crucial for safe integration of psychedelics like ayahuasca into treatment regimens involving serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Abstract
The findings suggest a clinically relevant interaction between ayahuasca and SSRIs, as even modest increases in DMT exposure may intensify serotone...
Predicting and exploring ayahuasca effects: Perception, mind-wandering, and EEG oscillations
Journal of Psychopharmacology – December 04, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly alters consciousness, leading to profound mystical and emotional experiences. In a study with 60 participants, brain mapping using electroencephalography revealed that acute theta rhythm was inversely related to the intensity of mystical experiences. Interestingly, baseline theta and beta rhythms predicted interoception and emotional responses, suggesting a complex interplay between brain activity and psychological states. These findings enhance our understanding of how psychedelics influence cognitive psychology and the neuroscience of consciousness, shedding light on the connection between interoception and emotionality.
Abstract
Ayahuasca induced consciousness alterations, visual, bodily, emotional, and mystical experiences, chaotic and meaningful mind-wandering, and decrea...
<b>USO DA AYAHUASCA NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DE UMA DÉCADA</b>
Revista Multidisciplinar do Nordeste Mineiro – December 28, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promising potential for rapid antidepressant effects, with a review of 46 articles revealing benefits for substance use disorders and neurobiological changes linked to brain network modulation. However, the findings also highlight significant physical and psychological risks, alongside important methodological limitations and knowledge gaps. Conducted over ten years, this integrative literature review emphasizes the need for caution and scientific rigor when considering ayahuasca's therapeutic applications within the broader contexts of Humanities, Philosophy, Medicine, and Psychedelics.
Abstract
A ayahuasca é uma bebida psicoativa de origem amazônica, tradicionalmente utilizada por povos indígenas e por religiões de matriz brasileira, cuja ...
A Thematic Analysis of the Subjective Effects and Phenomenology of Ibogaine Administered in a Clinical Setting
OpenAlex – November 05, 2025
Summary
Ibogaine therapy reveals profound subjective experiences, as highlighted by 236 participants in a specialized treatment program. Key themes emerged, including emotional amplification (87%), life review (75%), and sensory alterations (70%). Participants reported visionary states and a sense of ibogaine's character, suggesting its potential for transformative learning. This extensive qualitative analysis offers a rich portrait of ibogaine's phenomenology, emphasizing its ability to evoke meaningful states of consciousness. The findings underscore the importance of experiential learning in understanding the effects of psychedelics on lived experiences.
Abstract
Abstract Drawing on an unprecedentedly larger sample (N = 236) than previous studies, we investigated the subjective effects of ibogaine by asking ...