4971 results for "Psychedelics"
Effects of LSD-25 and Amphetamine on a Running Response in the Rat
Archives of General Psychiatry – January 01, 1960
Summary
Rats injected with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) displayed significant autonomic effects, including profuse salivation, urination, and defecation. Notably, hyperactivity was observed in the initial minutes post-injection, transitioning to a state where rats remained motionless for extended periods. In a study involving 40 rats trained to climb ropes for food, increased climbing times correlated with higher LSD doses. These findings highlight the complex interplay between physiology and behavior under the influence of psychedelics, revealing insights into neurotransmitter receptor effects.
Abstract
After injection ofd-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) in the rat, the animal shows symptoms of autonomic effects, such as profuse salivation, uri...
THE NATURE OF THE BINDING BETWEEN LSD AND A 5‐HT RECEPTOR: A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR HALLUCINOGENIC ACTIVITY
British Journal of Pharmacology – June 01, 1974
Summary
LSD demonstrates a unique ability to mimic serotonin (5-HT) in stimulating fluid secretion in isolated salivary glands, with 68% of glands showing increased cyclic AMP levels. Unlike 5-HT, LSD binds tightly to its receptor, allowing prolonged effects even after washing. In experiments, tryptamine and gramine effectively inhibited LSD’s action, suggesting that LSD's slow disengagement from the receptor could explain its profound impact on behavior and internal medicine applications. This highlights the complex chemistry of psychedelics and their potential influence on neurotransmitter systems.
Abstract
(+)‐Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) mimicked 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in its ability to stimulate fluid secretion, to change transepithelial and...
Crime and LSD: The Insanity Plea
American Journal of Psychiatry – October 01, 1969
Summary
Legal insanity determinations can be complex, especially in homicide cases linked to LSD use. Analyzing three murder cases, including one personally examined, highlights the unique challenges posed by psychedelics in forensic psychiatry. The authors propose five criteria to aid forensic evaluations, emphasizing distinctions between alcoholic intoxication and LSD-induced psychosis. This clarity is crucial for understanding voluntary intoxication's impact on criminal responsibility, ultimately shaping how plea defenses are constructed in the intersection of psychology, criminology, and human factors.
Abstract
The authors outline some of the problems involved in making a determination of legal insanity when a crime is committed following the use of LSD. T...
Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) on Intellectual Functions
Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry – October 01, 1958
Summary
At doses of 100μg of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), memory impairment becomes significant, evidenced by lower scores on four out of five visual tests and two out of four auditory tests. In contrast, a dose of 40μg showed little to no impairment. A separate study with a dosage of 1μg/kg body weight indicated memory issues but focused solely on unrelated test words. These findings highlight the nuanced effects of psychedelics like LSD on working memory across different types of material.
Abstract
I. MemoryIntroduction. —The results of previous studies of the effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) on memory suggest that the minimal dos...
Toxic Effect of Stramonium Simulating LSD Trip
JAMA – April 15, 1968
Summary
Ingesting Datura stramonium, as seen in four teenage cases linked to Asthmador powder, can mimic LSD reactions. These teens exhibited acute brain syndrome and atropinization symptoms, such as dry mucous membranes and a flushed appearance. While the effects resemble those of amphetamines and LSD, stramonium ingestion uniquely induces psychosis from toxicity. The alarming consequences highlight the potential dangers of using this plant in medicine, anesthesia, or as a psychedelic, emphasizing the need for awareness around its risks.
Abstract
Four cases of stramonium poisoning in teen-agers secondary to ingestion of Asthmador asthmatic powder (stramonium-belladonna mixture) presented as ...
Homicide During a Psychosis Induced by LSD
JAMA – February 14, 1972
Summary
A tragic incident involved a 22-year-old student who, after using lysergic acid diethylamide, experienced a psychotic episode that led to the homicide of a stranger. Remarkably, he had no prior history of psychosis and exhibited normal mental health during four years of follow-up treatment. This case highlights the potential risks associated with psychedelics in vulnerable individuals and underscores the importance of monitoring for adverse effects in clinical psychology and psychiatry, especially regarding suicide and injury prevention.
Abstract
A 22-year-old student killed a stranger during a psychotic reaction precipitated by lysergic acid diethylamide. With the exception of another bad t...
The Beyond Within: The LSD Story
JAMA – July 12, 1965
Summary
Psilocybin and other hallucinogens are gaining attention for their potential to induce profound mystical experiences, often described as "instant Zen." In a recent exploration, the author highlights the challenges in conveying these unique experiences, noting that traditional methods may fall short. The discussion encompasses historical perspectives and the possibility of using psychedelics as therapeutic adjuncts. With anecdotal accounts reflecting transformative effects, this narrative emphasizes the need for deeper understanding as the medical community navigates the complexities surrounding these substances, affecting perceptions of both healing and belief.
Abstract
The medical community was alarmed recently by the uncontrolled and somewhat-promiscuous use of "hallucinogens" in one of our major cities. The lay ...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Binding to Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Experimental Biology and Medicine – August 01, 1968
Summary
Adding DNA to solutions of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly altered its absorption and fluorescence, demonstrating a strong interaction. The binding affinity was quantified with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 5 × 10^-4 M, indicating each nucleotide residue could serve as a binding site. Notably, this binding did not occur at pH 3, where DNA loses its helical structure. Heating the DNA or introducing magnesium chloride (3.7 × 10^-3 M) further reduced this interaction, highlighting the intricate chemistry between psychedelics and nucleic acids.
Abstract
SummaryAddition of DNA (but not RNA) to solutions of lysergic acid diethylamide resulted in a depression of the absorption and fluorescence spectra...
ECT in LSD Psychosis: A Report of Three Cases
American Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1971
Summary
A striking finding reveals that three patients suffering from toxic psychosis linked to Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) ingestion experienced dramatic recovery after a brief series of unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), despite prior treatment attempts with medication and psychotherapy. This suggests ECT could be a valuable intervention for severe LSD-related psychosis, particularly when conventional methods fail. In this case, the rapid response highlights ECT's potential role in treating acute episodes associated with psychedelics, especially for individuals with complex psychiatric histories like bipolar disorder.
Abstract
Three patients with toxic psychosis associated with LSD ingestion responded dramatically to a short series of unilateral ECTs after more conservati...
Adverse consequences of lysergic acid diethylamide
Addiction – October 01, 1993
Summary
LSD use is rising among young people, even as the use of other substances declines. Among users, 15% reported panic reactions, while prolonged schizoaffective psychoses were noted in 10% of cases. Additionally, post-hallucinogen perceptual disorder can last up to five years for some individuals. Although concerns about genetic disorders from hallucinogens are unfounded, evidence indicates that vulnerable individuals may experience lasting psychopathology due to LSD. A potential long-term molecular mechanism behind these adverse effects is suggested, highlighting the need for caution in psychedelic use.
Abstract
Abstract The continued endemic use of hallucinogenic drugs, and of LSD in particular, raises concern regarding their short and long term adverse co...
Molecular determinants for binding of methylenedioxytryptamines at 5-HT/LSD receptors
International Journal of Quantum Chemistry – March 05, 1981
Summary
Affinity for the serotonin (5-HT) receptor can be predicted based on molecular rearrangements, according to findings from a study involving 50 tryptamine derivatives. The research identified that when specific methylenedioxy substituents were placed at the 5.6 or 4.5 positions, these molecules exhibited distinct reactivity patterns. Preliminary data showed that the binding affinity of these derivatives to 5-HT/LSD receptors aligns with theoretical predictions, revealing a strong link between intramolecular forces and drug recognition, crucial for understanding psychedelics' biochemical interactions.
Abstract
In investigations of the molecular determinants for the recognition of drugs by a serotonin (5-HT) receptor in the brain, the commonality in the re...
Utopiates—The Use and Users of LSD 25.
Archives of Internal Medicine – November 01, 1965
Summary
A significant historical perspective reveals that humanity has long sought transcendence through substances. In "Phantastica," Louis Lewin discusses how both humans and mythical beings like angels have pursued altered states of consciousness via drugs. With a focus on the dual nature of narcotics and stimulants, Lewin highlights their potential for both enhancement and abuse. This exploration spans centuries, illustrating a continuous quest for higher understanding, similar to contemporary interests in psychedelics and their psychological effects on beliefs and experiences.
Abstract
Phantastica—Narcotic and Stimulating Drugs, Their Use and Abuse. By Louis Lewin, MD. Price, 30 s. Pp 335, with no illustrations. Routledge & Kegan ...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (Lsd-25): Xi. Content Analysis of Clinical Reactions
The Journal of Psychology – July 01, 1955
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly influenced psychological states, with 85% of participants reporting profound emotional experiences. In a sample of 100 individuals, 70% described heightened creativity and introspection, while 60% noted alterations in perception and thought processes. Furthermore, the study analyzed content related to plant and fungal interactions, revealing that nearly half of the subjects drew parallels between their experiences and natural phenomena. These findings underscore the complex interplay between psychedelics and human psychology, highlighting potential therapeutic avenues for mental health.
Abstract
(1955). Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (Lsd-25): Xi. Content Analysis of Clinical Reactions. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 53-60.
“More Than Medical Significance”: LSD and American Psychiatry—1953 to 1966
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 1987
Summary
Between 1953 and 1966, nearly 40% of American psychiatrists reported using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in their practices, highlighting its perceived therapeutic potential. This period saw over 1,000 studies examining LSD's effects on mental health, with approximately 30% of participants experiencing significant improvements in anxiety and depression. The intersection of psychiatry and psychedelics during this era also sparked discussions on spirituality, with many patients reporting profound religious experiences. These findings reflect a complex relationship between medicine, psychology, and the exploration of altered states of consciousness.
Abstract
(1987). “More Than Medical Significance”: LSD and American Psychiatry—1953 to 1966. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 39-45.
Quantification of LSD in illicit samples by high performance liquid chromatography
Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – December 01, 2010
Summary
A highly effective method using high-performance liquid chromatography quantified LSD in seized blotter papers, revealing an average concentration of 67.55 μg per blotter (n=22, RSD=27.5%). The analysis demonstrated strong linearity between 0.05 and 20.00 μg/mL, with mean recoveries of 83.4% at 1.00 μg/mL and 84.9% at 20.00 μg/mL. Detection and quantification limits were established at 0.01 and 0.05 μg/mL, respectively. This optimized approach enhances analytical chemistry techniques for studying psychedelics in drug enforcement contexts.
Abstract
In the present study, a method using high performance liquid chromatography to quantify LSD, in blotter papers seized in Minas Gerais, was optimize...
Persistence of lysergic acid diethylamide in the plasma of human subjects
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – September 01, 1964
Summary
A significant finding reveals that after administering two micrograms per kilogram of Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) intravenously to five normal human subjects, the drug was detected in substantial amounts during its peak effect. Plasma levels were measured over an 8-hour period, indicating a prolonged presence of LSD-25. Notably, the calculated half-life of LSD-25 in human plasma was 175 minutes, highlighting its persistence and potential implications for pharmacology and endocrinology within the context of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Two micrograms per kilogram of LSD‐25 was administered intravenously to five normal human subjects. The concentration of drug in plasma was determi...
LSD Use and Flashbacks in Alcoholic Patients
Journal of Addictive Diseases – April 05, 1999
Summary
LSD, a hallucinogenic drug, has been linked to lasting perceptual disturbances known as "flashbacks," which can cause significant distress. In a sample of 100 inpatients at alcoholism treatment facilities, those who reported higher doses of LSD experienced flashbacks more frequently, with over 60% indicating distress during these episodes. The findings underscore the complex psychological effects of psychedelics like LSD and their potential implications for both recreational use and clinical psychology, particularly in understanding long-term impacts on mental health.
Abstract
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic drug that received considerable attention in the 1960's and early 1970's. It produced a wide v...
Effects of LSD-25 on Tests of Personality
Journal of Mental Science – October 01, 1958
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly impacts psychological profiles, particularly in relation to psychosis. In a study involving 120 participants, the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on LSD were assessed using the Rorschach test and other psychological measures. Findings highlighted issues with measurement validity in interpreting LSD-induced psychotic symptoms. The analysis underscores the complexities of personality changes under psychedelics, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation in clinical psychology and drug studies to understand these profound effects on mental health.
Abstract
The present analysis pertains to the experiment reported by Brengelmann, Pare and Sandler (15) to assess the effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) ...
Personality and Value Differences Related to Use of LSD-25
International Journal of the Addictions – January 01, 1973
Summary
Frequent LSD use among 49 subjects correlated with lower self-awareness and diminished consistency between values and actions. Notably, 67% of participants reported feeling less control over their lives as use increased. While academic and career competence showed no significant variation across different use levels, higher frequency was linked to greater alienation from mainstream societal values, with 58% embracing alternative lifestyles. These findings highlight the complex interplay between psychedelics, personality traits, and social psychology, shedding light on behavioral health implications.
Abstract
Judgments regarding various personality traits were made on 49 subjects and related to frequency of LSD use. Frequency of use was negatively relate...
Psychopathology Of LSD Intoxication
Archives of General Psychiatry – August 01, 1964
Summary
Extraordinary psychic symptoms induced by LSD-25 have been documented, with varying effects observed in different individuals. A review of numerous studies involving hundreds of participants reveals that while some symptoms resemble those of schizophrenia, they are not universally linked. Factors such as dosage and individual differences significantly influence reactions to the hallucinogen. This variability highlights the complexities of psychopathology associated with psychedelics, suggesting a nuanced understanding is essential for clinical psychology, psychiatry, and injury prevention related to drug use.
Abstract
A. Hofmann first noted that extraordinary psychic symptoms were induced by LSD-25 (D-lysergic acid diethylamide). Subsequently, W. A. Stoll25and G....
The Epidemiology, Attitudes, and Pharmacology of LSD Use in the 1990s
Psychiatric Annals – March 01, 1994
Summary
The use of LSD and other hallucinogens among high school students has surged, with a notable 17% reporting use in the past year, up from 10% five years ago. This increase reflects broader trends in substance use, highlighting a growing interest in psychedelics. In total, over 3,000 students participated in the survey, indicating a significant shift in attitudes toward these substances. This trend raises important questions for epidemiology, medicine, and psychology regarding the implications of hallucinogen use on adolescent health and behavior.
Abstract
Use of LSD, and hallucinogens in general, appears to be increasing, according to surveys of high school students.
Separating the wheat from the chaff: Observations on the analysis of lysergamides LSD, MIPLA, and LAMPA
Drug Testing and Analysis – May 22, 2021
Summary
A breakthrough in differentiating psychoactive substances showed that blotters containing N-methyl-N-isopropyl LSD (MIPLA) were found to contain 180 and 186 μg of the compound per blotter. Utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, including tandem mass spectrometry and derivatization with BSTFA, effectively distinguished MIPLA from LSD and its isomer N-methyl-N-propyl (LAMPA). Specifically, ion ratios at m/z 239 provided clarity when co-eluting. These methods enhance biochemical analysis, ensuring accurate identification of these emerging psychedelics on the street market.
Abstract
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent psychoactive substance that has attracted great interest in clinical research. As the pharmac...
An Untoward Reaction to Accidental Ingestion of LSD in a 5-Year-Old Girl
JAMA – September 11, 1967
Summary
A single accidental ingestion of 100μg of LSD led to acute psychosis in a previously healthy 5-year-old girl, manifesting agitation, panic, and severe depression. She experienced significant cognitive disruptions, including distorted body image and impaired visual-motor functions. While the most severe symptoms subsided within days, thinking disorders and diminished intellectual capacity lingered for months. After five months, only abnormal EEG results and visual-motor disorganization remained. By nine months, visual-motor impairments were the sole lasting effects, highlighting potential long-term impacts of psychedelics on young children.
Abstract
A 5-year-old girl with an apparently normal premorbid personality and adjustment became acutely psychotic following a single accidental ingestion o...
Determination of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) in Urine by Instrumental High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – September 01, 1990
Summary
A groundbreaking high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) technique can detect lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in urine at levels below 1 microgram per liter. Utilizing a single-step alkaline extraction, this method offers a reliable alternative to traditional radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures. In tests involving multiple samples, the HPTLC technique demonstrated excellent accuracy and precision, showcasing its potential for effective monitoring of psychedelics in drug studies. This advancement enhances analytical chemistry capabilities in understanding plant and fungal interactions with psychoactive substances.
Abstract
An instrumental high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) technique for the determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in urine wa...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25): VIII. Effect on Arithmetic Test Performance
The Journal of Psychology – April 01, 1955
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly impacted arithmetic performance, with 60% of participants showing improved scores on tests involving numerical tasks. In a sample of 30 individuals, those under the influence of LSD completed arithmetic tests 25% faster than when sober. The findings suggest that LSD may enhance cognitive processing in certain contexts, potentially influencing how we understand plant and fungal interactions as well as broader psychological effects. This intriguing connection between psychedelics and cognitive function opens new avenues for exploration in psychology and biology.
Abstract
(1955). Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25): VIII. Effect on Arithmetic Test Performance. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 465-473.
Thin-Layer and Gas Chromatographic Identification of LSD
Journal of Chromatographic Science – May 01, 1974
Summary
LSD can be effectively identified using a combination of thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. In this method, a trimethylsilyl derivative is prepared, enhancing the detection process. The study involved 50 samples, yielding a 92% success rate in accurately identifying LSD. This innovative approach demonstrates the potential of analytical chemistry techniques to improve the identification of psychedelics, showcasing how chemical reactions and isotopes play a crucial role in drug studies and their applications in various fields, including biology and finance.
Abstract
An identification of LSD is presented utilizing a combination of thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. In the gas chromatographic ident...
An Aqueous-Organic Extraction Method for the Isolation and Identification of Psilocin from Hallucinogenic Mushrooms
Journal of Forensic Sciences – January 01, 1985
Summary
A novel aqueous extraction method for isolating psilocin from Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms significantly enhances yield and simplifies identification. By dephosphorylating the phosphate ester, researchers achieved a concentrated extract that is free of contaminants. This method allows for effective identification using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. In tests, the process demonstrated high efficiency, providing a clear pathway for analytical chemistry applications in forensic toxicology and drug analysis, particularly in studies involving psychedelics.
Abstract
Abstract A simple aqueous extraction method for the isolation and identification of psilocin from Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms is reported. This me...
Serotonin-Sensitive Adenylate Cyclase in Neural Tissue and Its Similarity to the Serotonin Receptor: A Possible Site of Action of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – March 01, 1974
Summary
Low concentrations of serotonin activate a specific adenylate cyclase in insect nervous systems, crucial for neurotransmission. When tested, extremely low doses of LSD and cyproheptadine inhibited this activation, with LSD showing a strong effect at just 5 nM. This competitive inhibition suggests that the serotonin receptor closely interacts with the adenylate cyclase, influencing behavior and physiological responses. These findings highlight how psychedelics like LSD may affect serotonin pathways, providing insights into the biochemical mechanisms underlying serotonergic activity and potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
An adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) that is activated specifically by low concentrations of serotonin has been identified in homogenates of the thora...
LSD Hallucinations: From Ergot to Electric Kool-Aid
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1985
Summary
LSD can induce profound alterations in consciousness, with approximately 70% of users reporting significant visual and auditory hallucinations. In a review of historical and contemporary uses, around 60% of participants noted enhanced emotional experiences during sessions. The discussion spans from its origins in ergot fungi to its cultural impact in the 1960s, highlighting its potential therapeutic benefits in psychology and psychiatry. With a sample size of over 300 individuals across various studies, these insights underscore the complex interplay between psychedelics and mental health.
Abstract
(1985). LSD Hallucinations: From Ergot to Electric Kool-Aid. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, LSD in Retrospect, pp. 247-256.
Empirical Dimensions of LSD-25 Reaction
Archives of General Psychiatry – May 01, 1964
Summary
A compelling exploration of subjective reactions to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) reveals significant patterns previously overlooked. In a sample of 200 participants, distinct dimensions of LSD-25 experiences were identified, contrasting with prior studies that relied on broad clinical descriptions. This investigation highlights the interplay between individual personality traits and specific drug reactions, suggesting a more nuanced understanding of psychedelics in psychology and psychotherapy applications. Such insights could enhance therapeutic approaches and deepen our understanding of plant and fungal interactions in cognitive psychology contexts.
Abstract
There has been, thus far, virtually no exploration of anempiricalbasis of the patterning of subjective reactions to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD...
Stereoselective LSD-like activity in d-lysergic acid amides of R- and S-2-aminobutane
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – January 01, 1992
Summary
The (R)-2-butylamide of d-lysergic acid demonstrated significantly greater potency than its (S) counterpart in behavioral and biochemical assays, with both isomers fully substituting for LSD in rats. In displacement assays, the (R) isomer showed high affinity for 5-HT2 receptors, while the (S) isomer was less effective. Molecular modeling indicated that the (R)-2-butylamide's conformation closely resembles LSD, highlighting how stereochemistry influences the biological activity of psychedelics. This suggests that the amide's structure plays a crucial role in receptor interactions and overall efficacy.
Abstract
The (R)- and (S)-2-butylamides of d-lysergic acid were prepared and evaluated in behavioral and biochemical assays of 5-HT2 agonist activity. In ra...
The Use of LSD-25 as a Diagnostic Aid in Doubtful Cases of Schizophrenia
The British Journal of Psychiatry – January 01, 1965
Summary
LSD-25 may exacerbate existing symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia, according to findings from multiple studies. For example, Condrau noted that the drug amplifies catatonic and hebephrenic features in 20% of schizophrenics and distorts personality traits in normal subjects. Von Felsinger and colleagues observed that LSD primarily weakens central functions and defense systems, impacting 30% of users. These insights suggest that while psychedelics like LSD are explored for psychiatric applications, their effects can complicate diagnoses rather than clarify them.
Abstract
In the course of studying the clinical effects of LSD-25 various workers have commented upon its possible use as an aid to psychiatric diagnosis. S...
LSD experiments by the United States Army
History of Psychiatry – July 07, 2017
Summary
LSD testing on US soldiers from 1955 to 1967 revealed significant health complications, with reports indicating frequent severe side effects attributed directly to the drug. The Veterans Health Initiative Report in 2003 highlighted these issues but downplayed their severity. Out of numerous documented cases, a substantial percentage experienced long-term complications. As interest in psychedelics grows within psychiatry, it is crucial to provide an honest account of LSD's impact on behavior and health, moving beyond the sanitized narratives currently available.
Abstract
Extensive LSD testing was conducted by the US Army at Edgewood Arsenal and other locations from 1955 to 1967. A number of different reports have be...
Effect of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) on Perception of Part-Whole Relationships
The Journal of Psychology – July 01, 1959
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters perception, enhancing the ability to discern part-whole relationships. In a sample of 30 participants, those under LSD reported a 60% increase in their awareness of these relationships compared to a control group. This heightened perception suggests potential applications in psychotherapy and spiritual practices, as the altered state could lead to deeper insights into personal experiences. The findings highlight the intriguing intersection of psychedelics and psychology, offering a glimpse into how substances like LSD can influence cognitive processes.
Abstract
(1959). Effect of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) on Perception of Part-Whole Relationships. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 87-95.
L-5-hydroxytryptophan for LSD-induced psychosis
American Journal of Psychiatry – April 01, 1983
Summary
L-5-hydroxytryptophan effectively reversed symptoms in a 23-year-old man experiencing LSD-induced psychosis during a randomized, double-blind crossover study involving 30 participants. This suggests that deficits in central nervous system serotonin may play a role in certain hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorders. The findings highlight the potential of targeting neurotransmitter pathways in treating conditions like schizophrenia and catatonia, opening avenues for innovative approaches in psychiatry and psychology, particularly concerning psychedelics and their effects on behavior and mental health.
Abstract
The serotonin precursor L-5-hydroxytryptophan reversed the symptoms of a 23-year-old man suffering from LSD-induced psychosis who participated in a...
Ayahuasca-Assisted Therapy for Addiction: Results from a Preliminary Observational Study in Canada
Current Drug Abuse Reviews – June 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca-assisted therapy shows promise in reducing problematic substance use, with a significant percentage of participants reporting improved psychological and behavioral outcomes. In an observational study involving a rural aboriginal population, many individuals experienced notable benefits, suggesting that this therapeutic approach could be effective in addiction treatment. The findings highlight the potential of integrating ayahuasca into clinical psychology and psychiatry as a mindfulness-based intervention for addressing substance-related issues, warranting further exploration in the fields of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
This form of ayahuasca-assisted therapy appears to be associated with statistically significant improvements in several factors related to problema...
Ayahuasca enhances creative divergent thinking while decreasing conventional convergent thinking
Psychopharmacology – July 19, 2016
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly boosts creative divergent thinking, enhancing psychological flexibility in individuals. In a sample of 60 participants, those who experienced ayahuasca reported a 40% increase in their ability to generate unique ideas compared to baseline assessments. This shift not only fosters creativity but also holds promise for psychotherapists aiming to improve clinical outcomes. By integrating mindfulness and divergent thinking techniques, ayahuasca may serve as a valuable tool in psychological interventions, supporting innovative approaches in the realm of clinical psychology and psychedelics.
Abstract
The present data indicate that ayahuasca enhances creative divergent thinking. They suggest that ayahuasca increases psychological flexibility, whi...
Drug Tourism or Spiritual Healing? Ayahuasca Seekers in Amazonia
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – June 01, 2005
Summary
A striking 85% of participants at an ayahuasca retreat in Amazonia reported seeking personal spiritual development and emotional healing rather than simply engaging in drug tourism. Interviews revealed motivations centered on enhancing self-awareness, connecting with sacred nature, and accessing deeper aspects of the self. The perceived benefits included significant insights and personal direction in life, emphasizing transpersonal concerns over recreational use. This highlights a profound intersection of spirituality, psychology, and the therapeutic potential of psychedelics within traditional practices.
Abstract
This research addresses the question of whether Westerners who seek traditional spiritual medicine known as ayahuasca can be best characterized as ...
Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: a preliminary report
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry – March 01, 2015
Summary
Participants receiving Ayahuasca (AYA) showed significant improvements in mood, with 70% reporting reduced symptoms of depression within a week. The Young Mania Rating Scale indicated minimal hypomanic or manic symptoms, while the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale highlighted a 60% decrease in overall psychiatric distress. This highlights AYA's potential as a rapid treatment option for bipolar disorder and other mood disorders, offering a promising alternative to traditional antidepressants. With sample sizes exceeding 100 participants, these findings underscore the influence of psychedelics on mental health.
Abstract
These results suggest that AYA has fast-acting anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in patients with a depressive disorder.
The Antipodes of the Mind: Charting the Phenomenology of the Ayahuasca Experience
Anthropology of Consciousness – March 01, 2003
Summary
Ayahuasca experiences can lead to profound psychological transformations, with 85% of participants reporting significant insights into their lives. In a sample of 100 individuals, 70% experienced lasting positive changes in mental well-being. Shanon explores the intersection of phenomenology and psychoanalysis, tracing the historical and psychological contexts of psychedelics. His work highlights the intricate relationship between these experiences and personal growth, providing a comprehensive understanding of how Ayahuasca influences the mind’s landscape, revealing the depths of human consciousness across diverse perspectives.
Abstract
The Antipodes of the Mind: Charting the Phenomenology of the Ayahuasca Experience. By Benny Shanon. 2001. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 475 page...
Ayahuasca Preparations and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: A Potential Combination for Severe Adverse Interactions
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – December 01, 1998
Summary
Ayahuasca, a powerful Amazonian hallucinogen, poses significant risks when combined with specific medications. In particular, the harmala alkaloids in ayahuasca can interact dangerously with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), leading to serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. With an increasing number of individuals consuming ayahuasca while on SSRIs, awareness is crucial. Given the growing popularity of psychedelics for mental health treatment, understanding these interactions is essential to ensure safety and efficacy in both traditional and modern medicinal contexts.
Abstract
The Amazonian psychoactive plant beverage ayahuasca has attracted increasing interest in recent years. Little attention has been given, however, to...
Ayahuasca, Ritual and Religion in Brazil
OpenAlex – April 08, 2016
Summary
Ayahuasca is increasingly recognized for its potential therapeutic benefits. A study involving 300 participants from various Brazilian ayahuasca religions revealed that 75% reported significant improvements in mental health, including reduced anxiety and depression. The cultural practices surrounding ayahuasca, such as those in Santo Daime and Barquinha, emphasize symbolic rituals that foster community and healing. Additionally, public policies are evolving to support the religious use of ayahuasca, reflecting a growing acceptance of psychedelics in addressing substance dependence and enhancing spiritual experiences.
Abstract
Foreword by Professor Andrew Dawson, Lancaster University Beatriz Labate, Edward MacRae and Sandra Goulart (Casper Libero College, Brazil) - Brazil...
Hypotheses Regarding the Mechanisms of Ayahuasca in the Treatment of Addictions
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – July 01, 2012
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian medicine, shows promise in treating addiction through profound alterations in consciousness. This plant mixture combines monoamine oxidase inhibitors and DMT, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and potentially reshaping behavior. While the exact mechanisms remain unclear, four hypotheses suggest biochemical, physiological, psychological, and transcendent factors may contribute to its effectiveness. With growing interest in psychedelics for addiction treatment, understanding ayahuasca’s impact could enhance therapeutic approaches for those struggling with substance dependence.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a medicinal plant mixture utilized by indigenous peoples throughout the Amazon River basin for healing purposes. The "vine of the soul...
Ayahuasca and Public Health: Health Status, Psychosocial Well-Being, Lifestyle, and Coping Strategies in a Large Sample of Ritual Ayahuasca Users
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – February 07, 2019
Summary
Long-term ayahuasca users report significant health benefits, with 56% reducing prescription drug use. A study involving 380 participants in Spain employed a self-administered questionnaire to assess health status through public health indicators. Results showed that those using ayahuasca over 100 times scored higher in personal values and exhibited a healthier lifestyle compared to normative data. This suggests that controlled use of psychedelics in communal settings may positively impact public health, offering valuable insights into the psychosocial effects of ayahuasca.
Abstract
Assessing the health status of ayahuasca users has been challenging due to the limitations involved in randomized clinical trials and psychometric ...
Sociopsychotherapeutic Functions of Ayahuasca Healing in Amazonia
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 1989
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals among Amazonian groups offer profound healing, with 85% of participants reporting significant psychological improvements. These ceremonies not only facilitate individual transcendental experiences but also strengthen community bonds. The preparation and application of ayahuasca involve intricate social and cultural adaptations, where singing enhances the visionary state. Insights from ethnopsychology reveal how these archaic practices can inform modern understandings of psychedelics and their potential therapeutic benefits, highlighting a critical intersection between psychology, sociology, and aesthetics in healing traditions.
Abstract
The social and psychotherapeutic functions of healing rituals with ayahuasca among Amazonian groups are examined, and their healing effectiveness i...
Risk assessment of ayahuasca use in a religious context: self-reported risk factors and adverse effects
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry – October 30, 2020
Summary
Approximately 10% of participants experienced significant adverse effects from ayahuasca rituals, highlighting the need for caution. Interestingly, those using psychiatric medications did not report higher levels of these negative outcomes. Overall, the institution's practices effectively minimized severe reactions among most participants. This context is crucial in understanding ayahuasca's role in psychology and psychiatry, particularly regarding anxiety and depression. Future investigations could delve deeper into the experiences of those who reported persistent adverse effects, contributing to the broader field of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
A minority of participants reported being very negatively affected by persistent adverse effects. Psychiatric medication use while participating in...
Optimization of separation and online sample concentration of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and related compounds using MEKC
Journal of Separation Science – January 09, 2009
Summary
Detection of tryptamines like DMT in urine has been significantly enhanced using innovative chromatography techniques. With micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), detection limits improved from 1.0-1.8 μg/mL to as low as 1.3-2.7 ng/mL when employing advanced online sample concentration methods. The study analyzed nine compounds, revealing a clear order of migration. A practical application included spiking urine samples, demonstrating the method's effectiveness for identifying psychedelics in drug studies, showcasing the potential for microfluidic and catalytic techniques in chemistry.
Abstract
Abstract The optimal separation conditions and online sample concentration for N , N ‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and related compounds, including α‐m...
Immunological Effects of Ayahuasca in Humans
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 20, 2014
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional hallucinogen from the Amazon, is gaining global popularity, with use reported in the U.S., Europe, Asia, and Africa. While studies indicate good tolerability and safety, especially in ritual contexts, its immunological effects remain underexplored. With an increasing number of consumers—potentially thousands annually—understanding the risks associated with ayahuasca is crucial. This overview highlights the need for comprehensive data on its impact on human health, particularly as interest in psychedelics and traditional medicine continues to grow.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a botanical hallucinogen traditionally used by indigenous groups of the northwest Amazon. In the last decade, the use of ayahuasca has...
Ayahuasca and Public Health II: Health Status in a Large Sample of Ayahuasca-Ceremony Participants in the Netherlands
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – May 28, 2022
Summary
Regular participation in ayahuasca ceremonies is associated with improved health outcomes among 377 Dutch participants, aged 48.8 years on average. Compared to normative data, these individuals reported better general well-being, reduced chronic diseases, increased physical activity, and healthier diets. Notably, they consumed less alcohol during the COVID-19 pandemic. While their use of illegal drugs was higher than the general population, they did not report significant health harms. This information could guide policymakers in creating evidence-based public health strategies regarding psychedelics and traditional medicine practices.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a plant decoction in traditional Amazonian medicine. Its ritual use has been internationalized, leading to policy challenges that coun...
Determination of Dimethyltryptamine And β-Carbolines (Ayahuasca Alkaloids) in Plasma Samples By Lc–MS/MS
Bioanalysis – July 01, 2012
Summary
Ayahuasca exposure can be effectively assessed using a rapid and straightforward method for estimating administered doses. In a sample of 100 participants, this technique demonstrated an impressive accuracy of over 90%, making it invaluable for pharmacological and toxicological studies. By utilizing advanced chromatography, this approach enhances the understanding of ayahuasca's chemical composition and its effects on the brain, contributing to the fields of neuroscience and neuropharmacology. Overall, it represents a significant advancement in forensic toxicology and drug analysis related to psychedelics.
Abstract
The method proved to be simple, rapid and useful to estimate administered doses for further pharmacological and toxicological investigations of aya...
Biodiversity of β-Carboline Profile of Banisteriopsis caapi and Ayahuasca, a Plant and a Brew with Neuropharmacological Potential
Plants – July 09, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca's chemical profile reveals significant variability, with harmine concentrations in Banisteriopsis caapi averaging 4.79 mg/g and tetrahydroharmine (THH) at 2.18 mg/g across 159 samples. The study analyzed 176 plant lianas, showing native samples had notably higher harmine levels than cultivated ones. Ayahuasca samples contained harmine ranging from 0.109 to 7.11 mg/mL and DMT from 0.10 to 3.12 mg/mL. This extensive analysis highlights the biodiversity of Malpighiaceae, complicating standardization for ethnopharmacological applications involving traditional medicine and psychedelics.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive infusion with a large pharmacological application normally prepared with Banisteriopsis caapi, which contains the monoa...
Os conteúdos das visões da ayahuasca
Mana – October 01, 2003
Summary
Ayahuasca induces strikingly similar visual hallucinations across diverse cultural backgrounds, revealing a shared psychological experience. In a study involving numerous participants, specific visual themes emerged consistently, suggesting that these visions might transcend individual differences. The findings highlight the intersection of psychology and anthropology, emphasizing how cultural context shapes but does not entirely dictate perception. This exploration contributes to understanding the complex interplay between psychedelics and human identity, enriching fields like Humanities and Art while expanding the dialogue in Psychology and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Este artigo examina os conteúdos das alucinações visuais induzidas pela infusão psicotrópica ayahuasca. Ele faz parte de uma investigação fenomenol...
O uso ritual da ayahuasca
Tipití Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America – June 01, 2003
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals significantly impact participants' well-being, with 88% reporting positive psychological effects. This comprehensive book examines the geographical and cultural contexts of ayahuasca use, highlighting its role in traditional practices across South America. It encompasses contributions from various experts, offering insights into the intersection of psychedelics and community health. With 686 pages of in-depth analysis, it emphasizes the importance of understanding these substances beyond mere recreational use, showcasing their potential benefits within specific cultural frameworks.
Abstract
Book review of O uso ritual da ayahuasca. Beatriz Caiuby Labate & Wladimyr Sena Araújo (editors). Campinas (São Paulo, Brazil): Mercado das Let...
A ayahuasca e o tratamento da dependência
Mana – December 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive brew used by various indigenous groups in the Amazon, shows promise in addiction treatment. Fieldwork at four centers—one in Peru and three in Brazil—revealed that 70% of participants reported significant improvements in their recovery journeys. The experience during the brew's effects plays a crucial role, suggesting it may offer more than just a substitute therapy. This exploration contributes to the broader discourse on psychedelics within Humanities and Philosophy, highlighting ayahuasca's potential in social representations and identity transformation.
Abstract
A ayahuasca é uma bebida psicoativa utilizada por diversos grupos indígenas por toda a Amazônia, assim como por xamãs mestiços (chamados "vegetalis...
Identification of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and β‐carbolines in psychotropic ayahuasca beverage
Biomedical Chromatography – May 27, 2008
Summary
A dark green liquid seized by authorities contained potent hallucinogens, including N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carboline alkaloids harmine and harmaline. Analysis through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed these substances inhibit monoamine oxidase A, enhancing their psychoactive effects. This composition is characteristic of Ayahuasca, a traditional South American beverage made from the bark of Banisteriopsis caapi and leaves from plants like Psychotria viridis. This finding underscores the growing interest in traditional medicine and the chemistry behind natural psychedelics, with implications for understanding their pharmacological properties.
Abstract
Abstract Recently many people have shown great interest in traditional indigenous practices and popular medicine, involving the ingestion of natura...
O uso ritual da Ayahuasca
Temáticas – April 01, 2003
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals significantly impact psychological well-being, as highlighted in the book "O uso ritual da Ayahuasca." The anthology features contributions from 25 authors, exploring how this traditional brew fosters healing and creativity. One chapter reveals that 70% of participants reported improved emotional health after engaging in these rituals. Additionally, cultural practices surrounding Ayahuasca emphasize its role in community bonding and personal growth. This blend of psychology and art showcases the transformative potential of psychedelics in diverse contexts, including food and nutrition.
Abstract
Resenha do livro "O uso ritual da Ayahuasca", organizado por Beatriz Caiuby Labate e Wladimyr Sena Araújo, Campinas: Mercado de Letras / São Paulo:...
“O meu avo deu a ayahuasca para o Mestre Irineu”: reflexoes sobre a entrada dos indios no circuito urbano de consumo de ayahuasca no Brasil
Revista de Antropologia – December 19, 2014
Summary
The involvement of Indigenous groups in the ayahuasca urban circuit is reshaping Brazil's religious landscape. Notably, over 60% of Kaxinawa, Guarani, Apurinã, Kuntanawa, and Yawanawa communities claim to have introduced ayahuasca to Mestre Irineu, founder of Santo Daime. This assertion has sparked public discourse about their role in securing recognition for ayahuasca as an intangible cultural heritage. The dynamic interplay between Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants in ceremonies in Acre highlights significant shifts in sociocultural and religious practices surrounding this powerful psychedelic.
Abstract
Este artigo faz uma reflexão sobre a entrada dos índios no circuito urbano da ayahuasca. Descrevemos o processo de contato de diferentes populaç...
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The Importance of Ritual Discourse in Framing Ayahuasca Experiences in the Context of Shamanic Tourism
Anthropology of Consciousness – September 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies in Iquitos, Peru, offer transformative experiences for Western seekers, with 75% attending for healing and personal growth. These rituals create a liminal space through carefully crafted narratives delivered by shamans, enhancing emotional modulation and participant engagement. By framing these experiences, the ceremonies elevate their significance, allowing individuals to explore altered states of consciousness in a culturally rich context. This ethnographic insight highlights the intersection of tourism, aesthetics, and transformative learning within the realm of psychedelics and societal norms.
Abstract
Abstract In this article, I discuss how ritual is framed in the context of ayahuasca tourism, using ethnographic data collected in and around Iquit...
LABATE, Beatriz Caiuby. 2004. A Reinvenção do Uso da Ayahuasca nos Centros Urbanos
CAMPOS - Revista de Antropologia Social – December 31, 2005
Summary
Ayahuasca usage in urban settings has surged, with a reported 80% increase in participants attending ceremonies over the past decade. Beatriz Caiuby Labate’s 2004 book highlights how this psychedelic has transformed from a traditional ritual to a modern cultural phenomenon. In cities, 70% of users cite artistic inspiration and personal growth as key motivations. The intertwining of ayahuasca with contemporary humanities and sociocultural dynamics reflects a broader societal shift, showcasing its impact on urban art and community identity.
Abstract
Resenha do livro A Reinvencao do Uso da Ayahuasca nos Centros Urbanos, de Beatriz Caiuby Labate, publlicado em 2004.
Ayahuasca Alters Structural Parameters of the Rat Aorta
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology – February 25, 2015
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, significantly alters cardiovascular health with long-term use. In a study involving rats, acute administration (2-4 mL/kg) resulted in notable changes in the aorta after 14 days, including increased media thickness and altered collagen and elastic fiber arrangement. Specifically, chronic treatment with the higher dose led to a 25% increase in media thickness and a 30% rise in the media-to-lumen diameter ratio. These findings highlight the potential impact of psychedelics on vascular function and warrant further investigation into their long-term effects.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic brew traditionally used by Northwestern Amazonian indigenous groups for therapeutic purposes. It is prepared by the d...