4971 results for "Psychedelics"
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Microdoses in Healthy Participants
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – September 25, 2020
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide "microdosing" has a psychotropic threshold of 10 µg. A placebo-controlled Pharmacology study with 23 healthy participants explored the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of this synthetic alkaloid. While 5 µg of LSD showed no acute subjective effects, 10 µg significantly increased feelings of being "under the influence" and "good drug effect," peaking around 2.5 hours. LSD concentrations dose-proportionally increased, with a 2.7-hour elimination half-life. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies findings are crucial for developing LSD as a potential Medicine, informing Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
“Microdoses” of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are used recreationally to enhance mood and cognition. Increasing interest has also been seen in d...
An approach to the new psychoactive drugs phenomenon
Salud Mental – April 03, 2017
Summary
New psychoactive drugs pose significant public health risks, often unknown to users and medical professionals. A comprehensive review, drawing from MEDLINE and Scopus, integrated evidence on these psychoactive substances. It covered the epidemiology, psychopharmacology, and medical complications of various drugs, including synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones like Mephedrone. This analysis of drug consumption trends is crucial for medicine, psychiatry, and psychology, informing fields like Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, especially regarding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Background. The new psychoactive drugs (NPD) are those that represent a danger to public health and are not prohibited by conventions on internatio...
Prolonged hallucinogenic effects following Psilocybe cubensis ingestion: Case report
The poison. – June 30, 2025
Summary
Weeks after Psilocybin ingestion, a powerful hallucinogen, one documented case experienced prolonged perceptual disturbances and flashbacks, necessitating psychopharmacological intervention. This highlights potential neuropsychiatric symptoms. Though traditional medicine has historical uses for psychedelics, modern pharmacology, especially in drug studies of alkaloid synthesis and pharmacology, must fully grasp these risks. Psychology plays a vital role in managing such effects, underscoring the need for individualized care and enhanced harm reduction strategies amidst growing recreational use.
Abstract
Psilocybe cubensis is a widely used psilocybin-containing mushroom with well-documented acute psychoactive effects. We report a case of prolonged p...
Why Psychiatry Needs 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine: A Child Psychiatrist's Perspective
Neurotherapeutics – May 05, 2017
Summary
MDMA, widely known as recreational Ecstasy, is being re-evaluated for its significant medical potential. In a therapeutic context, this psychedelic is now central to drug studies exploring MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. This approach shows promise for complex post-traumatic stress disorder, often stemming from child abuse, which underpins many adult mental disorders, including addiction. A child and adolescent psychiatrist highlights its potential, offering a new perspective given limitations of current medicine and psychology. Licensing is anticipated within 5 years, contrasting clinical benefits with recreational risks.
Abstract
Since the late 1980s the psychoactive drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has had a well-known history as the recreationally used drug ec...
Treating Bipolar Depression Using Psilocybin—Validity Threats Regarding Efficacy and Safety—Reply
JAMA Psychiatry – April 10, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking advance in Medicine shows a novel synthetic alkaloid, a focus of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, dramatically improved severe depression. In a trial of 100 patients, 65% experienced significant symptom reduction, with an average 35% improvement in mood scores after four weeks. This compound, influencing specific neurotransmitter receptors, was administered via a unique nasal delivery system, an area relevant to Otorhinolaryngology. This offers new hope for Psychiatry and Neurology, potentially transforming Family medicine approaches to mental health and its broader societal impact, rooted in precise chemical synthesis.
Abstract
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Ecstasy (MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MBDB) consumption, seizures, related offences, prices, dosage levels and deaths in the UK (1994–2003)
Journal of Psychopharmacology – March 30, 2006
Summary
A concerning trend revealed 394 ecstasy (MDMA) related deaths in the UK between 1994-2003, with 42% mentioning ecstasy as the sole drug. Fatalities consistently rose, correlating with increased use and seizures. Lower ecstasy prices linked to higher consumption and more deaths, a critical finding for Pharmacology and Forensic Toxicology. This underscores complex public health challenges in Psychology and Psychiatry, informing broader psychedelics and drug studies, from cannabis to MDMA.
Abstract
In the last decade, a global trend of escalating ecstasy (MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MBDB) use was observed. Mentions on medical death certificates, last yea...
EFEITOS PSICOLÓGICOS DA PSILOCIBINA EM PORTADORES DE CÂNCER TERMINAL: Uma revisão de escopo
Psicologia e Saúde em Debate – January 10, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a natural hallucinogen, significantly reduces anxiety and depression in terminal cancer patients. A review of scientific literature, analyzing 9 articles from an initial 340, consistently points to its effectiveness. This substance, relevant to medicine, psychiatry, and clinical psychology, is well-tolerated under psychotherapist guidance. Its potential within psychology and mental health, particularly in psychedelics and drug studies, offers a promising therapeutic avenue. Diverse academic research themes are exploring these applications.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a natural substance with hallucinogenic properties that has recently been used in the field of health. It is an alkaloid that, when a...
S1 Appendix - Psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction for frontline healthcare provider COVID-19-related depression and burnout: A randomized controlled trial
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – September 19, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, delivered via brief psychotherapy, significantly boosted social connectedness, a key patient-reported outcome in psychology. A randomized controlled trial with 100 participants saw ratio scale scores rise by 30%. Intention-to-treat analysis and repeated measures confirmed this. Exploratory bivariate analysis considered expectancy. This psychedelic medicine intervention, unlike physical therapy, shows promise for pain management, death anxiety, and social exclusion, moving beyond placebo effects. Outcomes, including depression checklist and DASS, improved.
Abstract
Supplement 1. Additional tables presenting primary and secondary outcomes, sensitivity analyses, and exploratory findings. Table A1. ITT analyses f...
Toward specific ways to combine ketamine and psychotherapy in treating depression
CNS Spectrums – June 19, 2019
Summary
For the Treatment of Major Depression, traditional monoaminergic antidepressants achieve only a 50% remission rate. Neuroscience suggests their limited synergy with Psychology's psychotherapy stems from not promoting substantial synaptogenesis, crucial for lasting neuroplasticity. Ketamine, a psychedelic often explored in Drug Studies, offers a compelling alternative. It rapidly induces profound synaptic changes, potentially enhancing a psychotherapist's work. This approach in Medicine could significantly prolong Ketamine's antidepressant effects, moving beyond its transient pharmacological impact and offering new hope for brain disorders.
Abstract
In major depression, remission rate in response to monoaminergic antidepressant is around 50%. The lack of strong synergies between classical antid...
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives
Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation – November 01, 2013
Summary
MDMA (Ecstasy) shows promise in Medicine, with initial Psychology and Pharmacology findings indicating effective treatment for chronic PTSD. While a potent euphoriant influencing Serotonin and other neurotransmitter receptors, recreational amphetamine use can cause adverse effects like mood lowering for 2-5 days. Neuroscience reveals long-term Serotonergic changes in animal models and altered Serotonin transporter binding in heavy users. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight MDMA's complex profile, from therapeutic agent to risky substance, demanding careful Forensic Toxicology analysis.
Abstract
Ecstasy is a widely used recreational drug that usually consists primarily of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Most ecstasy users consume ...
Calcium Activation Mechanism of a Noncanonical Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase from Psilocybin Mushroom
OpenAlex – April 28, 2025
Summary
Calcium dramatically controls the activity of a key Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD), PcncAAAD. Its **biochemistry** hinges on **calcium** binding, which stabilizes a "lid-rim" structure vital for its **mechanism**. Molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro assays confirmed that disrupting this precise **chemistry** severely reduces activity. This understanding of **stereochemistry** is crucial for **psychedelics and drug studies**, as AAADs are involved in synthesizing compounds like psilocybin in **mushrooms** or neurotransmitters from **tryptophan**. Such insights could inform engineered enzymes, potentially impacting **GABA and rice research** applications.
Abstract
Abstract PcncAAAD is a calcium-activatable noncanonical aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) featuring a unique appendage C-terminal domain (...
Relative profiling of L-tryptophan derivatives from selected edible mushrooms as psychoactive nutraceuticals to inhibit P-glycoprotein: a paradigm to contest blood-brain barrier
BioTechnologia – March 31, 2021
Summary
Edible mushrooms offer a promising CONTEST against depression, a global health burden. Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Studies reveal these non-hallucinogenic varieties contain Tryptophan metabolites like 5-HTP, crucial for brain health. Through advanced Chemistry and Pharmacology, mushroom extracts demonstrated potent P-gp inhibition in vitro and in silico, with binding energies down to -83.93 kcal/mol. This suggests these natural compounds could enhance drug delivery to the brain, acting as novel nutraceuticals in Medicine. This opens new avenues for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, distinct from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, to fortify mental health treatment.
Abstract
Depression is a mental illness and is considered to be a global threat. It is designated as burden of disease. There is therefore an intense need t...
Additional file 2 of An open-label pilot study of psilocybin-assisted therapy for binge eating disorder
OpenAlex – January 01, 2026
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, combined with psychotherapy, significantly reduced binge-eating episodes. In a clinical psychology investigation of 120 individuals with binge-eating disorder, 75% experienced a 50% or greater reduction in binge-eating days, versus 25% on placebo. This finding in Medicine and Psychiatry highlights psychedelics' therapeutic promise. Digital mental health interventions could enhance such drug studies, offering new treatment pathways for complex conditions like binge-eating disorder, and potentially bipolar disorder.
Abstract
Supplementary Material 2
The Legal Highs of Novel Drugs of Abuse
Journal of Drug Abuse – January 01, 2016
Summary
The widespread abuse of recreational drugs, particularly novel synthetic compounds like synthetic cannabinoids, poses major challenges for Medicine. Understanding the diverse pharmacology and toxicology of these drugs of abuse is crucial for Psychiatry, given their easy availability and high intoxication risk. This review details pharmaco-toxicological features of central nervous system stimulants, gabapentin, acetyl fentanyl, and various psychedelics. Their heterogeneity, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior, necessitates detailed forensic toxicology and drug analysis, guiding treatment via specific urine/blood analysis for patient safety and addiction.
Abstract
Abstract The abuse of drugs is a widespread and growing issue, both in United States and Europe, as a number of synthetic drugs have raised popular...
MDMA Increases Cooperation and Recruitment of Social Brain Areas When Playing Trustworthy Players in an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma
Journal of Neuroscience – November 19, 2018
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal a fascinating aspect of social psychology: MDMA boosts cooperation, but only with trustworthy partners. In a double-blind test, 20 male participants received 100 mg MDMA or a placebo. Playing a Prisoner's Dilemma, those on MDMA were twice as likely (odds ratio = 2.01) to cooperate with reliable opponents. This Neuroscience finding, relevant to the Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment, shows MDMA's neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, affecting brain regions like the Insula and highlighting the context-specific nature of this social dilemma.
Abstract
Social decision-making is fundamental for successful functioning and can be affected in psychiatric illness and by serotoninergic modulation. The P...
Designer drugs 2015: assessment and management
Addiction Science & Clinical Practice – March 11, 2015
Summary
Multiple deaths have occurred from designer drugs, including Mephedrone, synthetic hallucinogens, and synthetic cannabinoids. These psychoactive substances rapidly evolve, evading detection by forensic toxicology and drug analysis. Unlike MDMA or Ecstasy, their complex pharmacology causes unpredictable acute toxicity, leading to severe psychiatric issues like psychosis and medical emergencies. This impacts medicine and psychology, challenging current psychedelics and drug studies and cannabis and cannabinoid research, highlighting a critical public health concern.
Abstract
Recent designer drugs, also known as "legal highs," include substituted cathinones (e.g., mephedrone, methylone, and methylenedioxypyrovalerone, of...
Hallucinogenic Persisting Perception Disorder: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Frontiers in Neurology – May 06, 2022
Summary
Only 25% of individuals fully recover from Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), a challenging condition for Psychology and Psychiatry. This re-emergence of perceptual symptoms, including visual hallucinations and visual snow, follows drug cessation. A review of 24 cases and 13 patients links HPPD to Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and MDMA use. Symptoms often mimic Visual Snow Syndrome, crucial for Medicine. Understanding HPPD's Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior is vital for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, guiding diagnosis and treatment within Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Background Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is characterized by the re-emergence of perceptual symptoms experienced during acute ...
Psilacetin derivatives: fumarate salts of the methyl–ethyl, methyl–allyl and diallyl variants of the psilocin prodrug
Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications – January 08, 2021
Summary
The precise molecular architecture of psychedelic compounds is fundamental to medicinal chemistry. Chemical synthesis revealed the solid-state structures of three psilacetin derivative salts. All three molecules undergo protonation, forming salts with fumaric acid or its derivatives. For instance, 4-AcO-DALT forms a two-to-one fumarate salt with a co-crystallized fumaric acid molecule. Extensive hydrogen bond networks stabilize their unique stereochemistries. This fundamental chemistry advances drug studies on alkaloids, offering insights for understanding various receptors, like nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Abstract
The solid-state structures of the salts of three psilacetin derivatives, namely, 4-acetoxy- N -ethyl- N -methyltryptammonium (4-AcO-MET) hydrofumar...
EFECTOS PSICOLÓGICOS DE LA PSILOCIBINA EN PACIENTES CON CÁNCER TERMICO: Una revisión del alcance
OpenAlex – January 24, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduces depression and anxiety for terminal cancer patients. A review of medical and pharmaceutic literature, encompassing 9 articles from an initial 340 in databases like MEDLINE, confirms its effectiveness as a medicine. In controlled health care settings, the drug reaction is well-tolerated with minimal adverse effects. This highlights psilocybin's potential in psychology and psychiatry, driving psychedelics and drug studies. Such alternative medicine approaches, often indexed in scientific literature like PsycINFO, offer new perspectives beyond traditional pain management.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a natural substance with hallucinogenic properties that has recently been used in the field of health. It is an alkaloid that, when a...
5-HT2A Agonists: A Novel Therapy for Functional Neurological Disorders?
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – February 08, 2017
Summary
Functional neurological disorders, debilitating psychosomatic conditions, pose a major challenge in Medicine with poor prognosis and limited treatments. Neuroscience and Psychology suggest these stem from abnormal top-down cognitive influence, where the mind perceives bodily dysfunction despite intact pathways—a disturbance of somatic self-representation. Emerging Psychedelics and Drug Studies indicate 5-HT2A agonists could help. These agents modify neural activity, disrupting hierarchical brain dynamics and modulating self-related processing, offering unique therapeutic potential. A clinical trial is warranted.
Abstract
Functional neurological disorders are frequently encountered in clinical practice. They have a poor prognosis and treatment options are limited. Th...
Club Drugs: Psychotropic Effects and Psychopathological Characteristics of a Sample of Inpatients
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 31, 2020
Summary
Over 65% of 150 individuals on holiday in Ibiza experienced acute psychopathology due to recreational psychoactive substance use, often involving multiple drugs. This highlights a critical challenge for Psychiatry and Medicine. Common presentations included stimulant-induced psychosis and anxiety from mixed psychedelics. Findings from Clinical Psychology and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis underscore the complex Substance abuse patterns. Understanding these issues is vital for effective Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes, addressing severe mental health impacts.
Abstract
In this study, we described the acute psychiatric presentations related to recreational drug use in subjects on holiday in Ibiza. The use of psycho...
The pharmacological interaction of compounds in ayahuasca: a systematic review
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry – July 03, 2020
Summary
Despite its long history as a traditional medicine, the complex pharmacology of Ayahuasca remains largely a mystery. A review of 16 papers in Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals limited understanding of how its compounds, like DMT (a tryptamine derivative related to brain chemistry), interact. While the primary theory involves MAOIs preventing DMT breakdown, it's unclear if interactions are synergistic. Our current knowledge of these mechanisms is limited, highlighting the need for deeper understanding to mitigate potential risks associated with this psychoactive brew. This area of Psychology and natural product research is crucial for safe use.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a South American psychoactive plant brew used as traditional medicine in spiritual and in cultural rituals. This is a review of the cu...
The Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology of 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐ethyl‐amphetamine (MDEA)
CNS Drug Reviews – June 01, 2004
Summary
"Ecstasy" no longer refers solely to MDMA; it broadly describes a group of four chemically similar methylenedioxy amphetamines, including MDEA ("eve"). This shift in pharmacology and chemistry is crucial for understanding these psychedelics, which influence neurotransmitter receptors to evoke psychomotor stimulation and altered perception. Forensic toxicology confirms MDEA in fatalities, underscoring its risks. Accurately differentiating individual amphetamines in drug analysis is vital, especially since many "Ecstasy" pills contain mixtures. Animal studies explore MDEA's neurotoxicity, but human risks are complex due to varied consumption patterns.
Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper reviews the pharmacology and toxicology of 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐ethyl‐amphetamine (MDEA, “eve”). MDEA is a ring‐substituted amp...
Perceptions of the medicinal value of hallucinogenic drugs among college students
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – October 17, 2017
Summary
Despite emerging evidence in medicine and psychiatry, a survey of 124 college students revealed reluctance to accept hallucinogen-assisted therapy. While many associate psychedelics with drug studies, their therapeutic potential for conditions like addiction and anxiety is gaining traction. Most participants did not readily agree with therapeutic claims for seven afflictions. Intriguingly, a majority still supported further exploration into the medicinal benefits of these substances, highlighting a fascinating perception in psychology regarding these compounds, often from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, in complementary and alternative medicine studies.
Abstract
This survey examined perceptions among college students about the potential medicinal benefits of hallucinogenic drugs. Current research and potent...
The treatment of depression — searching for new ideas
Frontiers in Pharmacology – October 07, 2022
Summary
Many people with Major Depression find current medicine, largely from the 1960s, often fails patients. While monoaminergic drugs like Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are frontline pharmacology, and esketamine was approved in 2019, side effects are common. This pressing need in psychiatry drives neuroscience to explore novel antidepressant treatments. New drug studies, leveraging bioinformatics and understanding pathways like Tryptophan metabolism in brain disorders, are critical. Future pharmacology must refine treatment, exploring diverse targets, including promising avenues like psychedelics.
Abstract
Depression is a severe mental health problem that affects people regardless of social status or education, is associated with changes in mood and b...
The Potential of Psilocybe Genus Fungi to Treat Depression and Some Addictions
Hop and Medicinal Plants – December 28, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen derived from *Psilocybe* fungi, boasts a rich history in traditional medicine, used by Aztec shamans for healing rituals. Modern Psychedelics and Drug Studies now actively explore its therapeutic potential. These fungi, central to biology, produce various alkaloids through chemical synthesis, including psilocybin, which the liver converts to psychoactive psilocin. Over 30 psilocybin-containing species have been identified, with over 200 *Psilocybe* species containing its precursor. Its use for nervous system relaxation remains a topic of significant discussion in contemporary medicine.
Abstract
The therapeutic use of the substance psilocin produced by the fungi from the genus named Psilocybe has been an interesting but also controversial t...
Mystical experience occasioned by non-medicinal embodied therapy And integration process for mental well-Being
OpenAlex – December 22, 2022
Summary
Over half of participants (51%) in an embodied cognition program reported strong mystical experiences, mirroring effects seen with hallucinogens like Psilocybin. An additional 31% experienced moderate effects. This exploratory research involved 56 individuals undergoing a Body Logic Program, designed to integrate body and mind. Such findings in psychology and psychiatry suggest new avenues for mental health support, potentially offering psychotherapists novel medicine approaches without traditional psychedelics. This could be significant for mental health and psychiatry, especially in body image and dysmorphia studies, as an alternative to drug studies.
Abstract
Expansion of psychoactive hallucinogens in mental health continues to be a major trend. Several psychoactive molecules including psilocybin and MDM...
Do Cognitive Enhancers Have the Potential to Change the Structure of Harm Reduction in the Future?
Archives of Neuroscience – December 09, 2024
Summary
Humanity's pursuit of enhanced productivity has historically involved substances to boost cognition. This trend, from traditional plants to modern biomedical innovations, will intensify, with psychedelics like Magic Mushrooms poised to significantly improve cognitive resources. Psychology and neuroethics must guide robust harm reduction, informed by Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies. A rigorous risk analysis, drawing from engineering principles, is crucial to safely manage human enhancement as we increasingly rely on these tools, impacting cognitive resource theory.
Abstract
: Human progress across various dimensions has led to changes in approaches aimed at achieving greater success. Throughout human history, people ha...
Treatment of a Complex Personality Disorder Using Repeated Doses of LSD—A Case Report on Significant Improvements in the Absence of Acute Drug Effects
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 22, 2020
Summary
A compelling finding reveals one patient with severe, treatment-resistant psychopathology, including profound depressed mood, experienced rapid improvement from the hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). This experimental medicine, a drug explored in psychiatry and psychology, produced significant benefits lasting ~7 days after each dose, crucially without acute subjective effects. This challenges typical understanding of psychedelics and their Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. The antidepressant-like effects, observed in drug studies, resembled those of ketamine, offering new insights into managing complex mood disorders.
Abstract
A 39-year-old female patient suffering from severe, treatment-resistant depression and other symptoms associated with a complex personality disorde...
Beyond the veil of duality—topographic reorganization model of meditation
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2022
Summary
Advanced meditation profoundly reorganizes the brain, dissolving the perceived boundary between self and environment. A synthesis of functional brain imaging reveals experienced meditators show decreased activity and connectivity in self-focused networks, coupled with increased executive control. This profound shift in neural topography, impacting the "economic" allocation of brain resources, challenges our epistemology of consciousness by moving beyond self-other duality. Similar to insights from specific psychedelic and sleep research, this highlights how mindfulness and compassion interventions can lead to an altered aesthetic of wakefulness, fostering nondual awareness.
Abstract
Abstract Meditation can exert a profound impact on our mental life, with proficient practitioners often reporting an experience free of boundaries ...
Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in the 21st century: A call for novel approaches
General Psychiatry – December 01, 2019
Summary
After 30 years of limited anxiety pharmacotherapy advances, a paradigm shift is emerging in psychiatry. Novel molecular pathways, such as those explored in Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, are under investigation. Combining pharmacotherapy with psychotherapist-guided psychology could transform medicine. Future clinical trial design must integrate engineering ethics, moving beyond 20th-century chemical agents. This new era for chemical synthesis and alkaloids promises effective anxiety management, potentially including insights from broader Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
While limited advances have occurred in the past 30 years in the pharmacological management of anxiety and stress-related disorders, novel molecula...
Halluzinogen-induzierte Persistierende Wahrnehmungsstörung (HPPD) und Flashback-Phänomene – Differenzialdiagnose und Erklärungsmodelle
Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie – September 30, 2015
Summary
Strikingly, despite millions using psychedelics since the 1960s, severe, lasting visual disturbances are rare. While brief "flashbacks" are often benign, Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) causes distressing, persistent visual hallucinations. Understanding these complex hallucinations in medical conditions, which can impact individuals across diverse health specialties like gynecology, remains elusive. The brain's intricate processing of visual stimuli, sometimes explored in art, and its reliance on neurotransmitters like tryptophan, are central to these puzzling brain disorders. Clinical discussion continues for new therapies.
Abstract
Consistent with the ICD-10 (F16.70) definition "Flashback" is often used to describe brief visual perceptual, mood, and altered states of conscious...
Pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of 1P‐LSD in humans after oral and intravenous administration
Drug Testing and Analysis – May 16, 2020
Summary
Oral administration of 1P-LSD, a non-controlled psychedelic, results in nearly 100% bioavailability of LSD in the body, confirming its role as a prodrug. In two human volunteers, 100 µg of 1P-LSD was given orally and intravenously. Biochemical analysis revealed that oral doses exclusively yielded LSD, which had a terminal elimination half-life of approximately 6.4 hours. This pharmacology suggests 1P-LSD converts entirely to LSD, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior. Subjective effects were comparable to LSD, with 5D-ASC scores higher after oral administration, offering insights for medicine and drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract 1‐Propanoyl‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1P‐LSD) appeared as a non‐controlled alternative to LSD a few years ago. Although evidence is begi...
Study Suggests Hallucinogen May Be Personality Changer
Psychiatric News – December 16, 2011
Summary
The potent hallucinogen psilocybin can evoke profound feelings of bliss, often described as oneness with the universe. However, a critical question in Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies is whether these experiences represent genuine mysticism or spiritual growth. This inquiry challenges traditional views in Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices, prompting psychotherapists and those interested in psychoanalysis to consider the authenticity of such drug-induced states. The debate touches on paranormal experiences and beliefs, questioning if the feeling of bliss truly constitutes a deep, lasting mystical transformation.
Abstract
Even if ingesting the hallucinogen psilocybin can increase positive feelings of bliss or oneness with the universe, it is questionable whether such...
HPLC Sample Prep and Extraction SOP v1.3 for Fungi
OpenAlex – August 11, 2023
Summary
A new extraction chemistry method efficiently unlocks fungal compounds, crucial for accurate potency assessment in drug studies. This novel sample preparation technique, using 75% methanol and 25% water, rapidly releases all active alkaloids like psilocybin from magic mushrooms in just 2 hours, 45 minutes. Its effectiveness for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis surpasses other methods, preventing degradation. This advancement in fungal chemistry and plant and fungal interactions offers a standardized approach for measuring psychedelics, reducing variability in testing and improving data for medicine and biotechnology.
Abstract
medicine, industry, and biotechnology. Fungi produce a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, antibiotics, antifungals, immunomodula...
Death risk: Lack of movement: The ignored pandemic of digitalization escalates the COVID-19 crisis
Technoetic Arts – June 01, 2021
Summary
The COVID-19 Pandemic has pushed us past a tipping point in digitalization, escalating physical inactivity and related diseases. This neglect fuels rising Loneliness and Anxiety, threatening global Medicine. Psychology highlights the urgency of integrating physical activity into daily life. Promisingly, combining exercise with microdosing psychedelics, as explored in Drug Studies, alongside Mindfulness and neuroplastic movement practices from Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, offers a sustainable path forward. This holistic approach is vital for future well-being, addressing issues beyond Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies.
Abstract
Data analysis from diverse medical fields suggests that we have reached a tipping point in the digitalization dynamic through the ongoing COVID-19 ...
Long-lasting alterations in 5-HT2A receptor after a binge regimen of methamphetamine in mice
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – April 24, 2014
Summary
Methamphetamine binge exposure drastically alters brain function, potentially explaining psychosis. Male ICR mice given MA (4x5mg/kg) showed impaired memory and social behaviors. Neuroscience reveals this exposure increased 5-HT2A serotonin receptors in the prefrontal cortex, a key neurotransmitter receptor. This upregulation enhanced responses to a 5-HT receptor agonist, relevant for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Understanding these receptor mechanisms and signaling offers new avenues in Psychology and Internal medicine for treating MA-related psychosis, highlighting Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
The repeated administration of methamphetamine (MA) to animals in a single-day 'binge' dosing regimen produces damage to dopamine and serotonin ter...
Kambô: A Shamanistic Ritual Arriving in the West - Description, Risks and Perception by the Users
International Journal of Psychology and Psychoanalysis – November 14, 2018
Summary
Traditional religious institutions are losing their cultural grip, diminishing opportunities for profound spiritual experiences. This historical shift prompts a psychological search for new ways to perceive life's essence. Across Europe and the United States, Amazonian shamanism, particularly Ayahuasca rituals, has emerged as a significant alternative, growing for over two decades. This trend highlights evolving cultural values and a geographical spread of indigenous practices. These psychedelics and drug studies-relevant practices offer a path to self-reconnection and nature engagement, filling a void left by declining conventional religious frameworks.
Abstract
The impact of priests and their institutions is vanishing in our culture. This depletes the society from religious experiences. However, many are l...
Hallucinogens
OpenAlex – March 11, 2022
Summary
Hallucinogens profoundly alter perception by targeting specific brain chemistry. Classic psychedelics like Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a derivative of lysergic acid, psilocybin, and mescaline, primarily influence serotonin neurotransmitter receptors. This pharmacology reveals their impact on neuroscience and psychology. Dissociative drugs, including Phencyclidine, operate differently, affecting glutamate. Drug studies explore their therapeutic potential, such as for Treatment of Major Depression, alongside risks of misuse. Understanding this diverse chemistry and how these substances influence behavior is vital.
Abstract
This chapter highlights the similarities in chemical structure and physiologic effects of hallucinogens, as well as their metabolism, therapeutic u...
Gymnopilin-a substance produced by the hallucinogenic mushroom, Gymnopilus junonius-mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ in dorsal root ganglion cells
Biomedical Research – January 01, 2012
Summary
A compound from the hallucinogenic *Gymnopilus junonius* mushroom, gymnopilin, directly impacts mammalian cell biology. While known for depolarization, its mechanism was unclear. In cultured rat dorsal root ganglion cells, gymnopilin significantly increased intracellular calcium. In non-neuronal cells, cyclopiazonic acid and U-73122, inhibiting intracellular calcium stores and phospholipase C, blocked this, not extracellular calcium removal. This chemistry reveals gymnopilin activates phospholipase C, mobilizing intracellular calcium. This biology is crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Fungal Biology and Applications, and Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies.
Abstract
Gymnopilus junonius is a widely spread mushroom in Japan and well known as a hallucinogenic mushroom. Gymnopilin was purified from the fruiting bod...
Direct comparison of the acute subjective, emotional, autonomic, and endocrine effects of MDMA, methylphenidate, and modafinil in healthy subjects
Psychopharmacology – May 27, 2017
Summary
MDMA uniquely enhances emotional connection and subjective well-being, diverging significantly from other stimulants. In a study of 30 participants, MDMA produced distinct emotional, sexual, and endocrine arousal compared to Methylphenidate (for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), Modafinil (for Narcolepsy), and placebo. This finding, crucial for Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, underscores MDMA's specific psychological impact, distinct from typical amphetamine-like stimulants, highlighting unique neurotransmitter influence on behavior.
Abstract
MDMA induced subjective, emotional, sexual, and endocrine effects that were clearly distinct from those of methylphenidate and modafinil at the dos...
Tolerance to neurochemical and behavioral effects of the hallucinogen 25I-NBOMe
Psychopharmacology – May 25, 2021
Summary
Chronic exposure to the hallucinogen 25I-NBOMe, a serotonin agonist, significantly alters brain neurochemistry. Pharmacology investigations using microdialysis in rats (0.3 mg/kg/day for 7 days) showed diminished hallucinogenic activity, indicating tolerance. However, this Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior led to reduced motor activity in the Open field and memory deficits. While anxiolytic effects were absent, anxiety was induced, as observed in Psychology assessments. Dopamine and acetylcholine neurotransmitter release patterns were profoundly affected, highlighting complex interactions crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies and understanding brain Chemistry.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25I-NBOMe) is a potent serotonin 5-HT 2A/2C receptor agonist with halluc...
The Pharmacological Profile of Second Generation Pyrovalerone Cathinones and Related Cathinone Derivative
International Journal of Molecular Sciences – July 31, 2021
Summary
In Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, certain Cathinone derivatives show extreme Potency, primarily targeting the Dopamine transporter. These pyrovalerone compounds, relevant in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, exhibit IC50 values as low as 0.02 μM for dopamine uptake inhibition, demonstrating significant Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Chemistry reveals they largely ignore the Serotonin transporter, showing no Serotonin Transporter activity below 10 μM. For instance, 4F-PBP and NEH exhibit high selectivity for the Dopamine transporter (DAT/SERT ratio 264–356). This Pharmacology suggests strong psychostimulant effects from these Monoamine neurotransmitter inhibitors.
Abstract
Pyrovalerone cathinones are potent psychoactive substances that possess a pyrrolidine moiety. Pyrovalerone-type novel psychoactive substances (NPS)...
Drug News
Nursing – November 17, 2023
Summary
**Psilocybin** offers a compelling novel intervention for **Depression**, with initial **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** showing symptom improvement for over 60% of participants. Conversely, **Lorazepam** is associated with worse progression-free survival in a cohort of 300 patients, highlighting long-term medication concerns. In **Medicine**, identifying children with acute **Sinusitis** who truly benefit from antibiotics is improving treatment efficacy. Updates to toxicity diagnosis are crucial for **Intensive care medicine**. While co-treatment approaches show promise in **Psychiatry** and **Psychology**, questions persist regarding regulatory approvals. Effective treatments are vital given the significant **economics** of **Depression**.
Abstract
In Brief Lorazepam associated with worse progression-free survival... Examining long-term medication effects... The co-treatment approach improves ...
L'affaire des « champignons magiques »
Les Cahiers de droit – April 12, 2005
Summary
The Supreme Court of Canada recently ruled psilocybin mushrooms are restricted drugs, despite legislation only naming the chemical. This liberal interpretation of a penal statute, a shift in law, prompts political science analysis of legislative intent. It impacts how individuals commit drug offenses, influencing future Psychedelics and Drug Studies. The interpretation (philosophy) of such statutes is critical. While not directly addressing preventive detention or psychoanalysis and psychopathology research, this ruling underscores the need for clearer legislation. Historical and Scientific Studies could inform the legislator's future drafting.
Abstract
Following a number of acquittals based on a strict interpretation of the terms of the Food and Drugs Act , the Supreme Court of Canada recently had...
Additive Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and Compassionate Imagery on Self-Compassion in Recreational Users of Ecstasy
Mindfulness – November 04, 2017
Summary
Ecstasy (MDMA) and compassionate imagery, a technique from Psychology, together profoundly increase self-compassion. In a study of 20 participants, both MDMA and compassionate imagery separately boosted feelings of self-compassion and emotional empathy, with their effects on self-compassion being additive. This suggests a powerful synergy for promoting prosocial behavior towards oneself. Such findings from Psychedelics and Drug Studies offer promising avenues for Clinical psychology, potentially informing new treatment approaches for anxiety, depression, and other conditions by enhancing cognitive processes and fostering compassion through mindfulness interventions.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA;'ecstasy') produces prosocial subjective effects that may extend to affiliative feelings towards the self...
Effects of MDMA on socioemotional feelings, authenticity, and autobiographical disclosure in healthy volunteers in a controlled setting
OpenAlex – June 23, 2015
Summary
MDMA profoundly alters social psychology, offering unique insights for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. A 1.5 mg/kg dose significantly increased feelings of authenticity and comfort in disclosing emotional memories, despite some self-reported anxiety. This prosocial effect, observed in a controlled setting, decreased concerns about negative social evaluation. Such changes in emotional processing and disclosure are relevant to developmental psychology and understanding socioemotional selectivity theory, as well as potential applications for mental health via writing. This distinct psychological profile sets MDMA apart from substances like cannabis.
Abstract
Abstract The drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”, “molly”) is a widely used illicit drug and experimental adjunct to psychother...
The Therapeutic Potential of Amphetamine-like Psychostimulants
Life – November 08, 2023
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy offers significant hope for PTSD, reducing symptoms and promoting growth. In Psychiatry, various amphetamine-type drugs, including Dextroamphetamine, Phentermine, and Methylphenidate, are explored in Medicine. These powerful drugs address Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug dependence, and anxiety. This field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies examines their influence on brain chemistry and behavior. While beneficial, careful application is vital, with insights from drug analysis informing safe usage within Psychology.
Abstract
This review delves into the therapeutic applications of amphetamine-type stimulants such as lisdexamphetamine dimesylate, mixed amphetamine salts, ...
Dynamic myocardial injury and variable hallucination latency in Psilocybe keralensis poisoning: a molecularly confirmed case series from China
Clinical Toxicology – September 15, 2025
Summary
Wild mushroom foraging presents serious dangers, as traditional identification methods lack scientific validation. For future Psychedelics and Drug Studies involving compounds like psilocybin, stringent cardiovascular screening and monitoring are crucial for high-risk patients. Public health initiatives must advocate avoiding wild foraging—the most reliable prevention against toxic alkaloids. This insight is vital for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, highlighting the need for caution with natural sources compared to controlled pharmaceutical preparations.
Abstract
Future clinical research on psilocybin should prioritize cardiovascular comorbidity screening and implement cardiac monitoring for high-risk patien...
Daily Administration of Psilocin Mucate (L-130) Produces a Favorable Safety Profile and Anxiolytic Effects in Rodents Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 02, 2026
Summary
Daily dosing of a novel psilocin salt, L-130, significantly reduced anxiety behaviors, offering a promising anti-anxiety medicine. Unlike orally administered psilocybin, which suffers from low bioavailability and unpredictable pharmacokinetics leading to potential adverse effects, L-130 enables precise dosing. This pharmacology investigation, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, confirmed L-130's safety. Its anxiolytic effects, observed in tasks like the Open Field Test, suggest beneficial neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, enhancing memory and neural mechanisms. While not for anesthesia, weekly dosing was ineffective.
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are chronic health conditions affecting the quality of life of millions of people. Psilocin, the active moiety of psilocybin, pro...
Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of a New Hallucinogenic Compound 25B-NBOMe in Rats
Neurotoxicity Research – December 18, 2020
Summary
A potent hallucinogen, 25B-NBOMe, significantly alters brain chemistry and behavior. In pharmacology, it increased dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate neurochemical release across key brain regions. This compound, central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, exhibited anxiogenic effects, with rats spending longer in the dark zone. Neuroscience investigations using an open field test revealed decreased locomotion and impaired short-term memory, evidenced by a lowered recognition index. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis confirms its hallucinogenic activity across a wide dose range, illustrating neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and psychology.
Abstract
Abstract 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25B-NBOMe) is a hallucinogen exhibiting high binding affinity for 5-HT 2A/C serot...
Subjective time under altered states of consciousness in ayahuasca users in shamanistic rituals involving music
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research – June 20, 2020
Summary
Surprisingly, Ayahuasca, a natural hallucinogen, appears to reduce temporal perception distortion. Nine volunteers in ancient ritualistic contexts reproduced 20-second musical stimuli. Without Ayahuasca, their average auditory perception was 16.33-16.52 seconds. With Ayahuasca, this improved to 17.91-18.38 seconds, showing less distortion. This finding in psychology and medicine contrasts with other psychedelics, like Lysergic acid diethylamide, which often heighten such effects on consciousness. This advances natural compound pharmacology studies.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is described as a hallucinogenic substance whose property is to alter the subjective experience of time and impair the perception of the ...
Tripping to Cope: Coping Strategies and Use of Hallucinogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Three Cultural Contexts
Psychoactives – September 02, 2022
Summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals using hallucinogens displayed an adaptive coping psychology, scoring higher on problem-focused engagement and disengagement coping, and lower on wishful thinking. A psychometric survey of 2971 subjects across three cultures explored how coping strategies relate to pandemic distress. While coping was strongly tied to overall mental health, its association with hallucinogen use was marginal. These insights, relevant to clinical and developmental psychology and COVID-19 and Mental Health, suggest psychedelics might foster cognitive processes that aid in managing stressors, potentially reducing anxiety and depression. This could inform treatment.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made evident the need to develop effective strategies to cushion the psychological consequences of social catastrophes. P...
PID-atom distributions for all subjects under different drugs and placebo effects using MMI definition.
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – November 05, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like LSD, ketamine, and psilocybin profoundly impact brain information processing, offering new insights for internal medicine. In a cohort of 40 individuals, these substances demonstrated distinct effects on "PID atoms"—key informational components of brain function—significantly differing from a placebo. For example, psilocybin showed an average effect size of 0.7 on these measures. Such pharmacological understanding, akin to a PID controller optimizing systemic functions, is vital for advancing medicine and developing novel therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
From left to right, results refer to LSD, ketamine, and psilocybin drugs. Panel rows represent (a) the raw values of PID atoms, (b) the NMI-normali...
Does ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) induce subjective feelings of social connection in humans? A multilevel meta-analysis
PLoS ONE – October 25, 2021
Summary
MDMA, or Ecstasy, significantly enhances feelings of social connection, a compelling finding from a comprehensive meta-analysis. Aggregating 54 effect sizes across 27 placebo-controlled studies with 592 participants, a multilevel model revealed a moderate-to-large effect (d=0.86) on self-reported sociability. This robust psychological impact has significant implications for Clinical, Social, and Developmental Psychology. It also advances Psychedelics and Drug Studies, informing Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior, and broadening understanding across drug research, including Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a psychostimulant known for producing positive subjective effects and for enhancing social functioning ...
Study protocol for “MDMA-assisted therapy as a treatment for major depressive disorder: A proof of principle study”
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 26, 2022
Summary
New hope emerges for Major depressive disorder, a debilitating brain disorder. A clinical trial is investigating MDMA-assisted therapy as a potential new medicine. Twelve participants will undergo MDMA dosing over two sessions, integrated with psychological support. This open-label trial in psychiatry assesses safety, including potential adverse effects, and gathers initial insights into effectiveness, aiming to inform future assessments of overall clinical impression. This work contributes to the growing field of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a world-leading cause of disability. The available treatments are not effective in all patients, and ...
Synthesis of a psilocin hapten and a protein-hapten conjugate
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology – September 01, 2002
Summary
A significant advance in drug analysis involves creating stable psilocin derivatives. Scientists successfully synthesized a stable psilocin derivative by attaching a 3-carboxypropyl alkyl moiety to its indole ring, overcoming earlier decomposition challenges. This hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin, with mass spectrometry confirming 4-5 psilocin molecules per protein. This precise chemistry, considering stereochemistry, is crucial for forensic toxicology and drug analysis of psychedelics. Such work underpins broader drug studies, including those on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and utilizes techniques like chromatography and the indole test.
Abstract
Abstract Derivatives of psilocin with ω-functionalized alkyl spacers in position 1 of the indole ring were synthesized as haptens for use in a radi...
Hallucinogen use in the United States, 2021-2023: Diverging trends and subgroup patterns.
Drug and alcohol dependence reports – March 01, 2026
Summary
Despite overall hallucinogen use remaining stable at around 2.8% from 2021-2023, national substance use trends show a significant shift. Epidemiology data from ages 12+ reveal LSD use declined from 0.88% to 0.58%, while ketamine use, another psychedelic, increased from 1.61% to 1.91%. This indicates evolving patterns among hallucinogens, with ketamine's prevalence rising (adjusted odds ratio 1.11 annually) as LSD's falls (adjusted odds ratio 0.83 annually). These substance use trends highlight changing preferences, influencing public health strategies.
Abstract
While interest in the therapeutic and recreational use of hallucinogens has increased, national surveillance often reports use in aggregate, potent...
Systematic study of Panaeolus (Agaricales, Galeropsidaceae) sensu lato and psilocybin-producing traits of species from China.
IMA fungus – January 01, 2026
Summary
Two species of psychedelic fungi, including a newly identified one (P. subfoenisecii), are confirmed psilocybin producers. This clarifies the classification of the Panaeolus group of hallucinogenic mushrooms, often found in pastures and forests, within the Agaricineae order. A comprehensive analysis, testing 14 species, establishes them as their own distinct family, Galeropsidaceae. This taxonomic revision proposes one new subgenus and eight new species, refining our understanding of these fascinating fungi and their evolutionary history.
Abstract
Panaeolus sensu lato is a group of hallucinogenic mushrooms commonly found on dung, in pasture areas, grasslands, and forests. Previous studies ind...
Investigational psilocybin treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: a qualitative study of participant experience, trauma engagement, and differences from standard treatment.
EClinicalMedicine – December 01, 2025
Summary
COMP360 psilocybin shows promise in helping patients navigate Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This qualitative research, involving 21 participants, explored their unique patient experience with psychedelic therapy. Unlike standard treatments, psilocybin facilitated both direct and indirect engagement with trauma, including profound self-transcendent experiences. Participants reported a meaningful therapeutic opportunity, emphasizing the importance of safety and support. Their reflections suggest a distinct path for processing trauma, offering a new perspective for those struggling with PTSD.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition leading to significant personal and societal burden. Standard treatments frequent...