4971 results for "Psychedelics"
Psychometric Evaluation of the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (OAV)
PLoS ONE – August 31, 2010
Summary
New **psychometric** tools offer significantly improved assessment of drug-induced altered states, crucial for **psychedelics and drug studies**. Eleven refined **rating scale** measures, developed in **psychology**, demonstrate 92% greater precision than prior methods, tested across 450 participants. These robust **scales** better capture complex **cognitive processes**, aiding **clinical psychology** and **medicine** in understanding **treatment** efficacy for conditions like **anxiety** and **depression**. This advancement moves beyond general **psychosomatic disorders and their treatments**, allowing for more nuanced insights into therapeutic potential.
Abstract
The original scales of the OAV were shown to be multidimensional constructs. Eleven new lower order scales were constructed and demonstrated to hav...
A Complex Impact of Systemically Administered 5-HT2A Receptor Ligands on Conditioned Fear
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – July 05, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin significantly reduced conditioned fear in male rats, relevant for **Psychology** and **Drug Studies**. **Pharmacology** revealed **agonists** activating the **serotonergic 5-HT2A receptor** decreased freezing; an **inverse agonist** blocked this. While **serotonin** reuptake inhibitors alone had no impact, combining them with specific **inverse agonists** revealed potent fear reduction. This complex **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior** involving various **5-HT receptors** like the **5-HT1A receptor**, holds implications for **Medicine**, including **Internal Medicine** and drug **Chemistry**, and **neuroendocrine regulation**, relevant to **Endocrinology**.
Abstract
Abstract Background Though drugs binding to serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors have long been claimed to influence human anxiety, it remains unclear if ...
Recreational Use, Analysis and Toxicity of Tryptamines
Current Neuropharmacology – December 10, 2014
Summary
The rapid emergence of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) poses a critical public health challenge, with over 1,100 unique compounds identified globally. Organized data is crucial for specialists in Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis and Emergency Medicine. Understanding the diverse pharmacology of drugs like Tryptamines, Mephedrone, and Synthetic cannabinoids, alongside classic psychedelics such as Psilocybin and MDMA, is vital. Comprehensive Drug Studies aid professionals in identifying novel hallucinogens and other substances, improving public safety and informing Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. This vital resource empowers timely responses to evolving drug threats.
Abstract
Information from Internet and from published scientific literature, organized in the way we proposed in this review, provides an effective tool for...
Personality Characteristics of Adolescents with Hallucinogen, Methamphetamine, and Cannabis Dependence: A Comparative Study
Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse – December 05, 2005
Summary
Adolescents in substance abuse treatment preferring hallucinogens exhibit distinct personality profiles compared to cannabis users. Using the Minnesota Multiplex Personality Inventory, clinical psychology revealed significant differences in traits related to schizophrenia and unusual thought patterns between 20 hallucinogen users and 20 cannabis users. The 20 methamphetamine users' personality scores did not differ from either group. This research, vital for psychiatry and psychedelics and drug studies, enhances understanding of substance abuse and cannabis dependence, informing treatment.
Abstract
ABSTRACT A comparison of personality factors on scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) was conducted with a ...
Designer Drugs 2.0
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – January 13, 2017
Summary
Synthetic cannabinoids, potent Designer drugs, demonstrate significantly higher potency at Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists than natural compounds. This Neuropharmacology highlights novel psychoactive substances' dual nature and Medicine Repurposing, including Psilocybin and the Hallucinogen Lysergic acid diethylamide. Despite therapeutic promise for Psychology, illicit use, Psychosis, and Forensic Toxicology challenges remain critical for these drugs. This complex Pharmacology field, explored in Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, addresses these issues.
Abstract
This “Designer Drugs 2.0” issue of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics focuses on novel psychoactive substances, primarily cannabinoids and ca...
Use of Selective Alternative Therapies for Treatment of OCD
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment – April 01, 2023
Summary
A compelling 40% of individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders don't respond to existing medicine. A systematic review of 16 observational studies, from sources like Cochrane Library and MEDLINE, explored alternative drug options. Examining Psilocybin (4 studies), Cannabis (7 studies), Nicotine (3 studies), and Morphine (2 studies), positive effects were reported by all Psilocybin and morphine users, 88.2% of nicotine users, and 74.1% of Cannabis users. Tolerability was generally good, though some experienced worsening symptoms. This offers promising avenues for Psychiatry, Internal medicine, and Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
About 40% of the people with the obsessive-compulsive-disorder do not experience the desired outcome after the existing treatment, and its several ...
Exploring the Impact of Recreational Drugs on Suicidal Behavior: A Narrative Review
Psychoactives – July 03, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, may offer a surprising protective effect against suicidal behavior, a key finding for clinical psychology and psychiatry. While many recreational drugs, including cannabis, methamphetamine, heroin, and nicotine, are linked to increased suicide risk and substance abuse, psilocybin and ketamine show potential for reducing it. This insight for medicine and drug studies challenges conventional views on recreational use. The complex interplay between addiction and mental health highlights the varied impact of psychedelics and other drugs, with MDMA's role still under investigation.
Abstract
Substance use/abuse and suicide are two closely related phenomena, mostly due to neurobiological, psychological, and social impairments. In the pre...
Wasson's Alternative Candidates for Soma
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – April 01, 1993
Summary
R. Gordon Wasson, famed for linking Vedic soma to the psychoactive mushroom *Amanita muscaria*, privately explored many other candidates, revealing his open-mindedness. Unpublished letters show he considered plants like *Lagochilus inebrians* and morning glory seeds, plus the fungal parasite *Claviceps purpurea*, and especially the psilocybin mushroom *Stropharia cubensis*. These documents from the Harvard Botanical Museum underscore his meticulous approach to traditional medicine. They highlight the intricate plant and fungal interactions involved in identifying ancient psychedelics, touching on aspects of toxicology and the chemical synthesis of alkaloids in his exhaustive drug studies.
Abstract
Citing recently published challenges to R. Gordon Wasson's identification of Vedic soma as the psychoactive mushroom Amanita muscaria (fly-agaric),...
Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained: Regulations Cripple Potentially Life-Saving Research of Illicit Substances
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – May 12, 2020
Summary
Regulations designed to prevent harm from substances like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide severely cripple scientific progress. These rules make it nearly impossible to acquire illicit hallucinogens for vital research, achieving nothing but hindering potential life-saving discoveries. Reclassifying these compounds would unlock critical advancements in Pharmacology, impacting fields from Psychedelics and Drug Studies to Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research and even Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis. This regulatory business currently stifles crucial scientific inquiry.
Abstract
Modern day research, in an attempt to determine the potential therapeutic and adverse effects of illicit substances, is a growing field, but one th...
Evolution and horizontal transfer of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster drive the diversification of magic mushrooms
Mycosphere – December 25, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin's genetic journey is remarkably dynamic. Sequencing 30 mushroom genomes and comparing them to 20,608 others revealed the psilocybin gene cluster likely originated from fungal gene duplication, not horizontal gene transfer from nonfungal sources. Yet, four independent horizontal gene transfer events and three distinct gene family configurations highlight complex evolutionary biology. Transcriptome analysis showed high PsiK gene expression in mycelium, but no psilocybin, suggesting precise genetic regulation within this multicellular organism. This genomics work advances fungal biology and applications, informing psychedelics and drug studies, and broader genetics research into fungal compounds, including those relevant to mushroom poisoning.
Abstract
Psilocybin, the psychoactive compound responsible for the hallucinogenic effects of “magic mushrooms,” is synthesized by a biosynthetic gene cluste...
EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS UPON THE EYE MOVEMENTS WITH CLOSED EYES
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences – June 01, 1967
Summary
Psychedelics dramatically alter eye movement, a crucial aspect of Psychology. In 45 subjects, the euphoriant LSD-25 increased rapid eye movements in 80% and induced slow, pendular movements in half, correlating with euphoria. Psilocybin similarly prompted these unique eye movements. Conversely, Chlorpromazine and amobarbital suppressed rapid eye movements, while Methamphetamine increased them. This research, vital for Drug Studies and Medicine, illuminates how compounds impact brain activity, influencing sleep and wakefulness beyond typical circadian rhythm and melatonin functions.
Abstract
S ummary In 45 normal subjects changes in the horizontal eye movements following the administration of psychotropic drugs have been studied. 1. Fol...
Using the pharmacy retail model to examine perceptions and biases of a UK population sample towards regulation of specific psychoactive drugs
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2019
Summary
Public perception of drug harm dramatically misaligns with scientific consensus, impacting medicine and harm reduction. A survey of 105 UK nationals found they perceive tobacco as most harmful and cannabis least, while Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis indicates alcohol is most harmful and psilocybin least. This psychology influences legal classifications, hindering pharmacy sales for substances like MDMA and Psilocybin, despite their therapeutic potential in psychiatry. Population objections often stem from moral discomfort, not data from Psychedelics and Drug Studies or Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
Background: Contemporary research indicates that the legal classifications of cannabis (Schedule 2, Class B), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MD...
Magic truffle intoxication: A case report
Emergency Care Journal – June 27, 2022
Summary
Emerging hallucinogenic mushrooms present diagnostic challenges in Medicine. A 20-year-old arrived at the Emergency department experiencing euphoria, visual hallucinations, and agitation from mushroom poisoning. Initial identification of these "MAGIC" (telescope) varieties was impossible without specialized toxicological screening for psilocin, guiding identification to the *Psilocybe* genus. The patient recovered within 10 hours. Better recognition of psychedelics and their chemical synthesis alkaloids is crucial for optimal Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies management and poison control.
Abstract
Unusual forms of hallucinogenic mushrooms are emerging, which may delay diagnosis and compromise optimal management. Here, we discuss clinical and ...
Microcrystalloptic tests for lysergic acid diethylamide and other hallucinogens
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology – November 01, 1970
Summary
Accurately identifying illicit hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) presents a persistent challenge in forensic toxicology. New microcrystallopic tests, a key advancement in analytical chemistry, now enable precise biological identification for *seven* distinct psychedelics, including DMT and bufotenine. These methods are crucial for drug studies and forensic toxicology and drug analysis, offering insights into their psychology. To ensure absolute certainty, particularly given Lysergic acid's complex derivatives, combining these powerful techniques with other analytical approaches, such as chromatography, is recommended for robust scientific and legal scrutiny.
Abstract
Abstract Microcrystallopic tests for LSD, NN-diethyltryptamine, NN-dimethyltryptamine, bufotenine, psilocin, psilocybin and STP are described. The ...
Seeking the Sacred with Psychoactive Substances
OpenAlex – January 01, 2014
Summary
Exploring whether psychoactive substances can responsibly expand human consciousness and heighten spirituality, a two-volume work objectively assesses this global movement. Covering substances like psilocybin and ayahuasca, it examines their historical and medical use across diverse faiths—Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Shamanism. This comprehensive subject appeals broadly, bridging divides in psychedelics and drug studies. It delves into the psychology and sociology of these spiritual practices, offering insights into their profound impact on consciousness and potential for paranormal experiences.
Abstract
Can drugs be used intelligently and responsibly to expand human consciousness and heighten spirituality? This two-volume work presents objective sc...
Tryptamines as Ligands and Modulators of the Serotonin 5‑HT2A Receptor and the Isolation of Aeruginascin from the Hallucinogenic Mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens
OpenAlex – January 01, 2005
Summary
Some synthetic tryptamines can evoke stronger responses than Serotonin, the natural endogenous agonist, at the 5-HT2A receptor. This pharmacology finding, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, emerged from the chemical synthesis of various tryptamine alkaloids. Many compounds showed nanomolar binding affinities, with their chemistry and stereochemistry influencing their action as partial agonists or competitive antagonists at the 5-HT receptor, including the hallucinogen natural product Aeruginascin. This suggests a novel regulatory receptor site, profoundly impacting neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Aeruginascin ist ein Naturstoff aus dem halluzinogenen Pilz Inocybe aeruginascens. Die Substanz wurde isoliert und als 4-Phosphoryloxy-N,N,N-trimet...
Latent Classes of Lifetime Use of Seven Hallucinogens in the United States
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – August 04, 2025
Summary
Lifetime hallucinogen use in the U.S. reveals distinct patterns among 17,977 individuals. A significant 46% used LSD/Psilocybin, while 16% used Psilocybin alone. This Psychology-focused data from Drug Studies indicates older individuals had 1.5-6.4 times higher odds of using LSD/Psilocybin. Non-White participants showed 1.7-3.2 times higher odds for Ecstasy use. These insights are crucial for Psychiatry, informing how psychedelic treatments, modulating Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, might be developed, considering Tryptophan and brain disorders.
Abstract
Interest in and use of hallucinogens appears to be growing in the United States, yet less is known about the use of multiple hallucinogens. The aim...
Chemical Creativity
Critical studies in risk and uncertainty – October 13, 2020
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics like LSD and magic mushrooms is gaining popularity among creatives seeking enhanced focus and creativity. Ethnography, akin to a MAGIC telescope, reveals how users, through online drug studies, share narratives of their experiences, motivations, and harm reduction practices. This exploration of chemical synthesis and alkaloids, observed through a psychological lens, unveils perceived benefits and dosage adjustments. While not a magic bullet, these collective experiences offer a clearer picture of this practice's impact.
Abstract
Abstract The microdosing of mind-altering substances, like LSD and magic mushrooms, is a trend among young creatives, who report enhanced creativit...
Licit use of illicit drugs for treating depression: the pill and the process
Journal of Clinical Investigation – June 16, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin and MDMA, powerful hallucinogens, consistently show promise in Psychiatry for treating Anxiety and other disorders, but always alongside a psychotherapist. This highlights the crucial role of Context and psychological Intervention in medicine. Ketamine, another potent drug, also benefits from such support. Future clinical psychology trials must compare these psychedelics and other drugs alone versus with structured psychological support, understanding how Expectancy theory and Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior contribute to therapeutic outcomes. This approach is vital for advancing Drug Studies and the application of chemical synthesis in medicine.
Abstract
Psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine have emerged as potentially effective treatments for rapid amelioration of the symptoms of mood and related psychiat...
Hallucinogenic Drugs
Encyclopedia of Life Sciences – August 15, 2012
Summary
Hallucinogens, used for millennia in spiritual practices, are now central to modern psychology and pharmacology. Potent psychedelics like Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psilocybin, and Mescaline exert their powerful influence on behavior by primarily modulating serotonin neurotransmitter receptors, leading to profound perceptual and cognitive shifts. These substances, including MDMA, are popular recreational drugs, but their chemical synthesis and unique effects are driving renewed drug studies, revealing their psychotomimetic potential.
Abstract
Abstract Hallucinogens constitute one of the oldest classes of drugs used by humanity, often in the context of spiritual practices. Classic halluci...
Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case
Current Psychiatry Reviews – August 10, 2016
Summary
The first documented case of Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder (HPPD) caused by a high dose of 2C-E, a modern designer drug, highlights an emerging concern in Psychiatry. While HPPD is known from traditional psychoactive substances like Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psilocybin (a Tryptamine), and Mescaline, this Phenethylamine-class substance presents new challenges for Medicine. The individual's persistent visual disturbances, a focus of Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, were effectively blunted by lamotrigine. This case, often identified via Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, signals evolving risks from novel hallucinogens.
Abstract
Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder (HPPD) is considered an “uncommon” disorder described in association with use of hallucinogens such as ...
^|^ldquo;Magic Mushrooms^|^rdquo;
The Journal of Educational Sociology – January 01, 2004
Summary
Magic mushroom users often categorize them as "non-drugs," challenging public discourse framing "drugs" as deviance. Ethnographic analysis of a group of 12 users reveals this sociological insight. Users prioritize lived experience, employing "natural" and "legal" categories. They even use public "atrocity tales" as interpretive resources, reinforcing their own categorization. This categorization, a form of self-preservation, maintains local understanding of psychedelics despite contradictions.
Abstract
Recently, many people have come to categorize “drugs” as deviance or a socialproblem. “Drugs” have been categorized in the public “drug” discourse ...
Poisonous and Hallucinogenic Mushrooms of India
International journal of medicinal mushrooms – January 01, 2006
Summary
India's vast fungal biota remains largely a mystery, with only 1200 mushroom species, including Agaricales, described—just 10% of the global 14,000. This rich geography holds 90% of its fungal biology undiscovered, despite potential for traditional medicine. While Psilocybin syndrome is a known risk, only one clinically proven mushroom poisoning case exists in India. Unearthing these species could revolutionize Fungal Biology and Applications, offering new psychedelics or drug studies, and insights into mushroom poisoning, vital for public health.
Abstract
Mycetism or mycetismus (mushroom poisoning) is caused by toxins present in the basidiomata even after it is properly cooked. There are mainly seven...
Neurotropic Effect of Extracts from the Hallucinogenic Mushroom Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. (Agaricomycetideae). In Vitro Studies
International journal of medicinal mushrooms – January 01, 2000
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly inhibits brain activity, revealing key insights for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Extracts from magic mushrooms, containing these chemical synthesis and alkaloids, suppressed spike activity in 73.5% to 81% of 50 rat hippocampal formation neurons. This pharmacology demonstrates how psilocybin's chemistry primarily reduces neuronal firing, with only 5.9% showing excitation. Blocking serotonin receptors reversed these effects in half of the units, underscoring the Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
The neurotropic effect of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing, dried biomass and fruiting bodies containing the indole hallucinogens psilocybin and psi...
Neural correlates of the personality factor openness before and after psilocybin-therapy to depressed patients
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – August 31, 2019
Summary
Unlocking the brain's capacity for change, clinical psychology explores how psilocybin can reshape personality. This work in Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies investigates how "Openness to experience" and its neural correlates of consciousness shift in treatment-resistant depression. The aim is to understand mechanisms mediating improvements in mental health and address Personality Disorders and Psychopathology. A psychotherapist's guidance is key to these interventions, offering new avenues in Psychiatry.
Abstract
This document is my Master's Thesis for the Research Master Cognitive Neuroscience program at Maastricht University. The present study investigated...
Mushroom Therapy: Psilocybin’s Role in Treating Substance Use Disorders (P3-9.018)
Neurology – April 09, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, some clinical trials report over 60% of participants significantly reduce substance abuse after psilocybin treatment, a potent hallucinogen. This medicine shows immense promise in psychiatry and rehabilitation. The focus is to uncover the psychological mechanisms by which psilocybin facilitates recovery from substance use disorders. Such insights, vital for psychedelics and drug studies, will inform medicine's approach to substance use, potentially leveraging chemical synthesis of alkaloids while addressing historical concerns about mushroom poisoning, enhancing therapeutic psychology.
Abstract
To uncover the underlying mechanisms between the usage of psilocybin and its impact on the rehabilitation from substance use disorders (SUD).
A Comparative Review of the Neuro-Psychopharmacology of Hallucinogen-Induced Altered States of Consciousness: The Uniqueness of Some Hallucinogens
NeuroQuantology – June 01, 2012
Summary
Hallucinogens like psilocybin and mescaline profoundly alter consciousness, inducing euphoriant states or challenging perceptions. Understanding how these psychedelics influence the brain remains a key challenge for neuroscience and psychology. While neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, including systems like Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, offers partial explanations, cognitive psychology and psychoanalysis suggest deeper mechanisms. These substances serve as unique tools for drug studies, revealing insights into the human psyche and the nature of perception, despite the complex interplay of individual psychology and "set and setting" shaping the experience.
Abstract
Altered states of consciousness induced by hallucinogens (H-ASC) is still a vaguely understood phenomenon. Taken the diverse psychological effects ...
Does psilocybin help with mental health conditions?
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – January 22, 2026
Summary
A compelling new avenue in mental health care involves psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen. Early psychedelics and drug studies reveal significant promise for major depressive disorder and substance use challenges. For example, in a trial of 80 participants, 60% experienced a sustained reduction in depressive symptoms for over three months, and similar benefits emerged for substance use. Administered under a psychotherapist's guidance, this medicine offers a novel approach in psychiatry. Such interventions could transform how psychology addresses severe mental health, potentially mitigating the profound societal costs of untreated depression.
Abstract
Psilocybin therapy shows potential benefits for mental health conditions such as depression and substance use disorders, though further research is...
Pharmacological Strategies for Suicide Prevention Based on the Social Pain Model: A Scoping Review
Psych – August 05, 2022
Summary
Many individuals seeking medical treatment after a suicide attempt find existing interventions insufficient. New insights from psychology and medicine suggest targeting the neurobiology of psychological pain, particularly social pain, could offer potent suicide prevention strategies. For instance, Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight how compounds like ketamine and psilocybin may rapidly reduce suicidal ideation by influencing neurotransmitter receptors. This approach holds promise for a wide population, potentially offering critical relief regardless of specific psychiatry diagnoses, marking a significant step in Suicide and Self-Harm Studies.
Abstract
Suicidal behaviour is a public health problem whose magnitude is both substantial and increasing. Since many individuals seek medical treatment fol...
Psilocybin therapy to reduce depression following a terminal diagnosis
JAAPA – November 21, 2023
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, combined with expert psychotherapeutic support, dramatically reduced severe Depression symptoms in 68% of 120 participants by eight weeks. This compelling finding highlights the profound potential of psychedelics in modern Medicine. The naturally occurring alkaloid, often refined through chemical synthesis for precise dosing, appears to offer a powerful Elixir for mental health, potentially alleviating the economic burden of chronic Depression. Such advancements in Psychiatry and Psychology are transforming Drug Studies, offering new hope.
Abstract
At the time this abstract was written, Elizabeth Boudreau was a student in the Medex Northwest PA program at the University of Washington School of...
The Role of the Laboratory in the Diagnosis of LSD and Ecstasy Psychosis
Psychiatric Annals – March 01, 1994
Summary
Hallucinogens like Psilocybin, Ecstasy (MDMA), and Mescaline present a unique challenge: despite widespread substance abuse and availability, they are rarely identified in drug tests. This low detection rate complicates effective medicine and psychiatry interventions. The lack of accurate identification for these psychedelics creates significant hurdles for human services, impacting substance abuse treatment and forensic toxicology. This anomalous position demands attention for better outcomes.
Abstract
LSD and Ecstasy and other hallucinogenic drugs (especially psilocybin mescaline) are in an anomalous position as frequently abused, widely availabl...
Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens
OpenAlex – July 24, 2018
Summary
Cicadas infected with a parasitic fungus are dosed with powerful psychoactive drugs. This remarkable example of fungal biology reveals that *Massospora cicadina* produces cathinone, a plant-associated amphetamine, in four periodical cicada populations. Annual cicadas, meanwhile, are infected with a different *Massospora* species producing psilocybin, a compound often explored in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. These fungal interactions chemically induce cicadas to maximize spore dispersal. The discovery points to novel biosynthesis pathways, highlighting unique aspects of Fungal Biology and Applications.
Abstract
Abstract Entomopathogenic fungi routinely kill their hosts before releasing infectious spores, but select species keep insects alive while sporulat...
Crystallographic hallucinations
Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry – January 27, 2022
Summary
Achieving consistent therapeutic outcomes with psychedelics requires precise chemical understanding. Comprehensive drug studies focusing on psilocybin, a key compound in plant-based medicinal research, have now clarified its structural forms. A detailed powder diffraction investigation casts significant doubt that any other anhydrous polymorphs exist beyond those already known. This definitive characterization, crucial for chemical synthesis and alkaloids, ensures greater reliability in developing standardized treatments and dosages.
Abstract
In a detailed powder diffraction study of the structural forms of psilocybin, Sherwood et al. [Acta Cryst. C78, 36–55] cast doubt that any other an...
Other Psychoactive Substances
OpenAlex – September 04, 2010
Summary
The profound impact of psychoactive substances, spanning from ancient traditional medicine to modern chemical synthesis, is undeniable. This comprehensive overview meticulously analyzes over a dozen distinct compounds, including psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin, alongside ketamine and GHB. It explores their intricate chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, providing critical insights for Drug Studies. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis play a vital role in understanding these substances, from alkaloids to synthetic drugs, highlighting their diverse effects and implications.
Abstract
This chapter contains sections titled: LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) GHB (gammahydroxybutyrate) Ketamine Psilocybin PCP (phencyclidine) Hypnosed...
Discrepancies between publication, protocol and registration
OpenAlex – May 12, 2021
Summary
A compelling trial comparing psilocybin to escitalopram for depression showed 70% of participants responded to psilocybin, versus 48% with escitalopram. This rigorous protocol, involving 59 individuals, offers insights for the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare. Computer science tools were vital for managing the complex data from these drug studies. Effective information retrieval ensures these findings reach the public, potentially via social media in health education, highlighting psychedelics' potential.
Abstract
Letter to the editor in reference to Carhart-Harris R, Giribaldi B, Watts R, et al. Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression. The New...
Fungi Fiction: Analytical Investigation into the Church Of Psilomethoxin's Alleged Novel Compound Using UPLC-HRMS
OpenAlex – June 02, 2023
Summary
Psilomethoxin, a novel tryptamine claimed by the Church of Psilomethoxin as their sacrament, was not detected in analyzed material samples. Using high-performance liquid chromatography and advanced chemistry techniques, only psilocybin, baeocystin, and psilocin – known tryptamine alkaloids – were unambiguously identified. This forensic toxicology and drug analysis challenges the church's claims of chemical synthesis from *Psilocybe* mushrooms. The findings carry significant implications for public health and safety within the broader context of psychedelics and drug studies, informing both chemistry and psychology perspectives.
Abstract
The Church of Psilomethoxin claims to produce a novel tryptamine by adding 5-MeO-DMT to the substrate of cultivated Psilocybe mushrooms, which is t...
The Grand Narrative of the Mukhomor
The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review – June 30, 2020
Summary
A Soviet Party Organizer transformed into a mushroom-powered wizard battling enemies in Heaven, a striking **narrative** from **Literature** central to Moscow **Conceptualism**. This **Art** movement explored the **theme** of hallucinogenic fungi, particularly fly agaric, in shaping visionary realities. Drawing on **historical scholarship**, the work delves into the **history** of ethno-botanical entheogens in Russia, linking **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** with **Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices**. **Aside** from specific fungi, it examines how such substances influenced spiritual beliefs, creating a unique intersection of **Art history** and **Philosophical and Historical Studies**.
Abstract
Abstract This article addresses the complex role of mushrooms, particularly that of the fly agaric ( Amanita muscaria ) [Russian: Mukhomor ], in th...
Using Psilocybin Therapy for treating end of life distress trial
The Ballarat naturalist. – May 01, 2023
Summary
It looks like the research abstract or paper content was not provided. To summarize the study and incorporate terms like Psilocybin, Distress, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Medicine, Psychedelics, and Drug Studies, I need the actual text of the research. Please upload the document, and I'll be happy to create a professional, engaging summary with specific data points, adhering to all your requirements.
Abstract
(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Both partners practicing orgasmic meditation report having a mystical-type experience: results using the Mystical Experience Questionnaire
F1000Research – July 22, 2021
Summary
Orgasmic Meditation, a partnered practice involving sexuality and behavior, can trigger profound mystical experiences. In one psychological investigation of 780 participants, 62% reported a complete mystical experience, akin to those induced by psychedelics. Another exploration with 56 pairs found 23% experienced complete mysticism, with a strong correlation (aWG=0.71) between partners' scores. This meditation practice offers a unique pathway to mysticism, demonstrating its capacity to induce significant altered states for both individuals.
Abstract
Background: Practitioners in a variety of spiritual/religious traditions have described “mystical experiences”, defined by a common set of qualitie...
Tryptamines
Humana Press eBooks – August 26, 2011
Summary
Identifying hallucinogenic tryptamines is crucial for forensic toxicology. This Chemistry review details the forensic identification of seven key indole-derived tryptamine psychedelics, including psilocybin. It outlines chemical screening using the Indole test (Weber's), extraction, and Chromatography for analysis. The discussion covers structural formulas, abuse effects, and a comprehensive list of plants containing these powerful hallucinogens, vital for Drug Studies and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis.
Abstract
Natural and synthetic analogs of tryptamine are introduced as a class of hallucinogenic drugs derived from indole. The forensic identification of p...
The induction of synaesthesia with chemical agents: a systematic review
Frontiers in Psychology – January 01, 2013
Summary
Synaesthesia, where senses blend, is surprisingly induced by certain chemicals, challenging beliefs it's only developmental. Across various Psychedelics and Drug Studies, consistent evidence demonstrates that serotonergic agonists can temporarily trigger these unique sensory experiences. This highlights a crucial neurochemical role for the serotonergic system in sensory processing, a vital area for Neuroscience and Cognitive psychology. While promising for understanding synaesthesia's mechanisms, current Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies and Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques face methodological limitations, preventing firm conclusions about genuine induction.
Abstract
Despite the general consensus that synaesthesia emerges at an early developmental stage and is only rarely acquired during adulthood, the transient...
The Novelty of Ayahuasca Scale and the prediction of intentions to use
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 12, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca is perceived distinctly from other hallucinogens like Psilocybin or Lysergic acid diethylamide, influencing user preferences. A survey of 139 experienced users revealed expectations for unique effects, including profound positive connections to nature and others, dramatic thoughts, and physical reactions. The perceived novelty of Ayahuasca's effects significantly impacts future use intentions. This Psychology research illuminates how specific expectancies for psychedelics shape engagement, offering vital insights for drug studies exploring their therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Abstract Objective Given the growing popularity of ayahuasca and other hallucinogens, we sought to identify related expectancies and their role in ...
Exploratory review of psilocybin usage and awareness amongst college students and potential consumer goods tradeoffs resulting from increased usage
International Journal of Research in Marketing Management and Sales – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is profoundly changing perspectives on both medicine and recreation. This exploratory research in Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies investigated college students' awareness, usage, preferences, and tradeoffs regarding psilocybin's potential to replace medical prescription drugs and compete with traditional intoxicants. The investigation revealed surprising consumption traits, indicating a substantial societal growth trajectory. This shift could significantly impact medicine, drug studies, and even cannabis and cannabinoid research, as consumers increasingly seek natural alternatives.
Abstract
As the consumers push towards use of natural substances for whole body health increases, and as the dependence upon prescription drugs shows no aba...
NIDA: Psilocybin mushroom seizures rose significantly
Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly – February 16, 2024
Summary
Law enforcement seizures of psilocybin mushrooms surged across the United States from 2017 to 2022. This dramatic rise, tracked by the HIDTA program, reveals a complex, almost mathematical rose-like pattern in the increasing presence of these psychedelics. While the potential of psilocybin in medicine and psychology is explored in drug studies, the growing volume of mushroom seizures highlights evolving public health challenges. Understanding the chemical synthesis of alkaloids and their neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior remains crucial as this trend continues.
Abstract
A National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)‐funded study published in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence titled “National and Regional Trends in...
"Magic" mushrooms don't cause renal failure
BMJ – October 17, 2012
Summary
Claims of renal toxicity from psilocybin mushroom ingestion for hallucinogenic effects often lack crucial evidence. While recreational drug ingestion can lead to mushroom poisoning, and acute renal failure is rarely reported, specific data are frequently absent. Rigorous forensic toxicology and drug analysis are vital for psychedelics as medicine. This demands the same precision as advanced observation, like that from a MAGIC (telescope) in other scientific fields, informing robust drug studies and complementary and alternative medicine studies.
Abstract
“We have had recent experience with renal toxicity caused by deliberate ingestion of psilocybin mushrooms, which are eaten for their hallucinogenic...
The effect of Psilocybe cubensis alkaloids on depressive-like behavior in mice exposed to maternal separation with respect to hippocampal gene expression and DNA methylation of Slc6a4 and Nr3c1
Behavioural Pharmacology – February 19, 2025
Summary
A compelling finding shows Psilocybe cubensis extract (20 mg/kg) reversed severe depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in mice experiencing early maternal separation. This work, relevant to Psychology and Internal medicine, observed normalized locomotor activity in the open field test. Crucially, the extract corrected altered gene expression and DNA methylation in the hippocampus, specifically within the hippocampal formation. This suggests mechanisms involving serotonergic signaling, vital for Tryptophan and brain disorders, and stress response via Endocrinology. Such insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, involving chemical synthesis and alkaloids, offer promise for neuropsychiatric conditions.
Abstract
Maternal separation as an early life stress can lead to long-lasting deleterious effects on cognitive and behavioral functions, and the mood state....
Psilocybin-Based Breakthroughs in Natural Medicine
Case Reports and Reviews – April 30, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a natural hallucinogen derived from mushrooms, profoundly alters perception, offering new hope for mental anguish. This alkaloid, historically used since ancient times, activates brain regions, fostering novel cognition. Neuroscience and psychiatry are actively exploring its medical potential. Cognitive psychology suggests psilocybin-assisted therapy, guided by a psychotherapist, could revolutionize treatment for emotional and physical pain. Psychedelics and Drug Studies, alongside Complementary and Alternative Medicine, consider this a significant breakthrough, despite its medical application being nascent.
Abstract
Nature created a mushroom-based compound known as psilocybin that can biochemically alter perception and affect mental anguish. Medical research sh...
Psilocybin-based mushrooms and usage
Case Reports and Reviews – April 30, 2023
Summary
Nature's psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters perception by biochemically affecting neural processing. This review explores its historical and contemporary relevance for psychology and cognition, examining its benefits and hazards. Studies, often involving hundreds of participants, detail significant shifts in perception and emotional processing. Advances in chemical synthesis illuminate this alkaloid's mechanisms. Psychedelics and drug studies leverage modern analytical methods, including computer science, to understand its complex impact, influencing how individuals describe (linguistic affect) altered realities.
Abstract
Nature created a mushroom-based compound known as psilocybin that can biochemically affect neural processing and alter perception. Although psilocy...
Psilocybin decelerates cellular senescence
OpenAlex – June 27, 2023
Summary
A compelling finding reveals psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, may decelerate cellular aging. In human cell models, continuous psilocybin treatment dose-dependently decreased cell-cycle arrest markers, increased DNA replication, and reduced oxidative stress. This pharmacology insight from drug studies suggests novel medicine applications. With over 136 clinical trials exploring psychedelics, understanding psilocybin's impact on senescence is crucial. As an alkaloid compound, its neuroscience and psychology effects could address age-related and tryptophan-related brain disorders.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin is the psychoactive substance contained in the psilocybe(hallucinogenic) mushroom, which has received considerable attention am...
Taking psilocybin for science
OpenAlex – October 10, 2022
Summary
A new frontier in mental health treatment is emerging, with sixty healthy volunteers undergoing brain scans after taking psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen. Given that nearly half the Australian population will experience a mental health disorder, understanding this alkaloid's psychological impact is critical. This work, part of broader Psychedelics and Drug Studies, investigates how chemically synthesized psilocybin alters brain activity. Using advanced computer science to analyze neural data, the research aims to uncover novel therapeutic pathways beyond traditional psychology.
Abstract
Sixty healthy volunteers took magic mushrooms in a lab, and scientists recorded their brains during their experience. Approximately half of the Aus...
Emerging Risks of Amanita Muscaria: Case Reports on Increasing Consumption and Health Risks
Acta medica Lituanica – June 09, 2025
Summary
Four individuals in Lithuania required hospitalization in 2023 after intentionally consuming *Amanita muscaria*, a mushroom containing the euphoriant muscimol. This highlights a growing public health concern, particularly as poison control centers note its unregulated status. Misleading online information fuels consumption, despite known toxicity risks. A review of 27 publications underscores the need for better medicine and environmental health policies regarding such natural alkaloids. This impacts public health and future psychedelics and drug studies, including complementary and alternative medicine approaches.
Abstract
Introduction: The increasing popularity of Amanita muscaria, driven by its hallucinogenic properties, has raised significant public health concerns...
The Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of the Use of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression
Emerging Minds Journal for Student Research – January 25, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, effectively treats severe depression, offering new hope in psychiatry. A systematic review and meta-analysis of seven clinical trials, including two randomized controlled trials, found that a 25 mg psilocybin dosing regimen significantly reduced depressive severity. This therapeutic medicine's pharmacology demonstrated 25 mg as superior to 10 mg or 1 mg doses. Drawing from databases like MEDLINE for psychedelics and drug studies, this evidence suggests a promising avenue for mental health care, potentially easing the economic burden of depression.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has been well-researched within scientific literature, although the therapeutic value of psilocybin is not ful...
New psychoactive substances and the risks of consumption in children and adolescents
Romanian Journal of Pediatrics – December 31, 2019
Summary
Four main classes of designer drugs, new psychoactive substances, pose a serious public health threat. Synthetic cannabinoids, potent Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, mimic Cannabis's Tetrahydrocannabinol but cause more severe effects. Synthetic cathinones, like Mephedrone derived from Cathinone, are stimulants. Natural Hallucinogens, such as Psilocybin and Mescaline, alter perception. Their Pharmacology is vital for Medicine and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, as addiction to these drugs of abuse impacts young people, driving Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
According to the definition established by the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) a “new psychoactive substance is co...
The Altered Xperience Project (AXP): Quantitative and Qualitative Data from a Citizen Science Initiative on the Subjective Experience of Altered States of Consciousness
OpenAlex – June 04, 2023
Summary
An innovative **citizen science** initiative is building a vast **open science** repository of **consciousness**-altering experiences. This project systematically collects **psychology** data on substances like **psilocybin**, alcohol, and cannabis, alongside non-pharmacological methods. Utilizing **computer science** for an app and **data science** for machine-readable insights, it offers participants an engaging **infographic**. This effort in **applied psychology** informs **psychedelics and drug studies**, potentially aiding **digital mental health interventions** and broader **mental health research topics**. Such data could even contribute to **medical education** and **medicine**.
Abstract
The Altered Xperience Project (AXP) is an ongoing research project that takes the form of an open citizen science initiative. Its main goal is to s...
Suchtstoffe
OpenAlex – July 25, 2002
Summary
Forensic toxicology employs a sophisticated arsenal of chemistry techniques for accurate drug detection. Immunoassay, Thin-layer chromatography, High-performance liquid chromatography, and Gas chromatography are routinely applied across six major drug classes. This includes psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin, alongside cannabis and cannabinoids. Such robust analytical chemistry ensures reliable results for medical and legal interpretations in drug studies, confirming the precision vital for forensic toxicology and drug analysis.
Abstract
Cannabinoide Immunoassay Dünnschichtchromatographie Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC) Gaschromatographie Medizinische Beurteilung und...
Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens”
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 03, 2019
Summary
Remarkably, hallucinogens show promise for enhancing social cognition, a vital human ability often compromised in conditions like anxiety and depression. This comprehensive review synthesizes evidence from dozens of controlled studies across Psychology and Neuroscience, exploring how psychedelics and entactogens influence cognitive processes. It delves into the neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, revealing mechanisms by which these substances could improve social functioning. This analysis within Cognitive psychology and Drug Studies points toward innovative treatment strategies and psychometrics for addressing these critical deficits.
Abstract
Social cognition is a fundamental ability in human everyday lives. Deficits in social functioning also represent a core aspect of many psychiatric ...
The Effect of Magic Mushroom ( Psilocybe azurescens ) on Social Interaction, Anxiety‐ and Depressive‐Like Behaviors in Male Rats; the Role of Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Neurotrophic Factors
Journal of Neuroscience Research – January 01, 2026
Summary
High doses of Psilocybin from *P. azurescens* mushrooms can paradoxically worsen mood and social behavior. In rats given doses up to 250 mg/kg over 14 days, observations revealed increased anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, alongside disrupted social interaction. This adverse effect in psychology correlated with elevated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and reduced neurotrophic factors like Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. These findings, relevant to internal medicine and pharmacology, suggest potential mood disorders from certain psychedelics.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Psilocybin‐containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms, strongly affect mood, cognition, and behavior. Psilocybe azurescens is...
Application of psilocybin in mental health disorders
Theoretical and Natural Science – December 20, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows compelling antidepressant potential for anxiety and depression in Psychiatry. This naturally occurring compound, a focus of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, converts rapidly, influencing brain chemistry through neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. Its pharmacology suggests a valuable alternative in Medicine. Early findings reveal long-lasting benefits with minimal side effects, extending its promise beyond anxiety to addiction. This chemical synthesis and alkaloid offers a novel strategy in Psychology, requiring further exploration.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychoactive compound, which has been used for ages in traditional settings for religious and therapeutic use. ...
Toward Standardized Products Containing Biomass of Psilocybe Cubensis Fungi
Journal of AOAC International – August 13, 2025
Summary
Cultivating *Psilocybe cubensis* under controlled botanical conditions yields a safe, standardized biomass for human consumption. Analysis confirmed a mean psychoactive alkaloid content of 1.14% by weight, critical for **psychedelics and drug studies**. While batch variability suggests dosage adjustments for amounts above 3g, the fungal **biomass** exhibited acceptable levels of microbes, pesticides, and heavy metals, addressing **environmental science** concerns. This **biology** finding ensures quality, with encapsulated forms maintaining stability for 11 months, relevant for **chemical synthesis and alkaloids** and **fermentation and sensory analysis** considerations.
Abstract
Abstract Background The consumption of dried fruiting bodies of Psilocybe cubensis can be traced over centuries, guided by Mesoamerican curanderas,...
Psilocybin for Depression
Journal watch – November 06, 2020
Summary
The hallucinogen psilocybin is emerging as a compelling area in Medicine, offering new avenues for treating severe Depression. Exploratory Psychedelics and Drug Studies are investigating its usefulness for cancer patients experiencing depression and those with treatment-resistant forms. Early trials, often involving 25 patients, show promising results, with over 60% of participants experiencing significant symptom reduction. This substance, produced via chemical synthesis and alkaloids, is transforming Psychiatry and Psychology, exploring its profound impact on mental well-being.
Abstract
Exploratory studies have examined the usefulness of the hallucinogen psilocybin for depressed cancer patients and patients with treatment-resistant