4971 results for "Psychedelics"
Developing a Direct Observation Measure of Therapeutic Connection in Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy: A Feasibility Study
Journal of Palliative Medicine – August 17, 2023
Summary
Directly observing therapeutic human connection during psilocybin sessions is highly feasible. An evaluation of 2074 minutes of clinical video identified 372 distinct moments. Impressively, 83% were recognized by at least two independent coders, and 41% by all three. Coders relied on a mix of audible and visual cues for 51% of these instances, noting how connection expressions, including distress, varied with the alkaloid psilocybin's cognitive effects on consciousness. This work in psychology and medicine advances understanding of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Context: Measuring therapeutic connection during psilocybin-assisted therapy is essential to understand underlying mechanisms, inform training, and...
Psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for treatment‐resistant depression: Which psychotherapy?
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing – August 17, 2023
Summary
For individuals with treatment-resistant depression, the hallucinogen psilocybin shows promise. A key question in clinical psychology and psychiatry is how to best pair this psychedelic with psychotherapy. Evidence from psychology and drug studies, particularly the psilocybin experience, reveals certain psychotherapies are more congruent. For instance, evaluating three psychotherapies, interpersonal psychotherapy aligns well, supporting social connectedness and emotional processing. This work in complementary and alternative medicine studies helps psychotherapists optimize treatment for severe depression, enhancing the potential of psilocybin.
Abstract
Abstract This perspective paper explores the choice of psychotherapy for psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for treatment‐resistant depression. Ther...
Substance use, harm reduction attitudes and behaviors among attendees of nature rave parties in Israel.
Harm reduction journal – August 09, 2023
Summary
Israeli nature rave parties reveal a fascinating intersection of music culture and public health. At these outdoor celebrations, attendees show strong support for harm reduction strategies while using various substances. A survey of 1,200+ partygoers found cannabis as the most common substance (62%), followed by psychedelics. While participants supported safety measures like drug testing, turning attitudes into actions proved challenging. The findings highlight opportunities to enhance safety at these events.
Abstract
Few studies have analyzed harm reduction behaviors and attitudes among rave party attendees. Since the late 1980s, there has been a large Israeli r...
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of human studies
European Neuropsychopharmacology – August 07, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin shows significant antidepressant potential in psychiatry. A meta-analysis of seven double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials, encompassing 489 participants, pinpointed effective dosages. For primary depression, 24.68 mg/70 kg was 95% effective, while secondary depression required 8.92 mg/70 kg. Overall, 36.08 mg/70 kg was 95% effective. This medicine, a psychedelic, influences neurotransmitter receptors, offering new avenues for major depression treatment. Side effects like nausea exist, but understanding these dosages is vital for internal medicine and future drug studies, impacting the economics of depression.
Abstract
Psilocybin is increasingly studied for its antidepressant effect, but its optimal dosage for depression remains unclear. We conducted a systematic ...
Prevalence of psilocybin use in vaping and associated factors: a study among amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) use disorder in Malaysia
Journal of Addictive Diseases – August 04, 2023
Summary
The emerging trend of vaping the Hallucinogen Psilocybin presents significant concerns for Medicine and Psychiatry. Its growing use, particularly among individuals consuming Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and across broader Demography, highlights a critical gap in understanding. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis reveal this rise. Unlike some insights from Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, knowledge regarding Psilocybin's long-term health effects remains severely limited. Understanding the potential risks of this Psychedelic, especially for the younger population, is crucial for future Drug Studies.
Abstract
Psilocybin in vaping is growing among ATS users and across all populations. Unfortunately, knowledge regarding the long-term effects on health is l...
Assessing the risk of symptom worsening in psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
Psychiatry Research – July 23, 2023
Summary
For individuals grappling with depression, a meta-analysis of 102 participants across three randomized controlled trials offers promising insights into psilocybin. Only about 10% experienced symptom worsening with this alkaloid, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, a rate mirroring the antidepressant escitalopram. This contrasts sharply with 63.6% in waitlist groups. These findings, significant for clinical psychology, psychiatry, and medicine, bolster the field of psychedelics and drug studies, highlighting psilocybin's potential for depression.
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis using individual participant data from three, two-dose psilocybin trials for depression (N = 102) with the aim of asse...
Reconnecting through dissociation: a 5-month follow-up case study on ketamine-assisted psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa.
Journal of eating disorders – June 10, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking treatment combining ketamine with psychotherapy showed remarkable success in treating severe anorexia nervosa. A patient experiencing treatment-resistant eating disorder symptoms received four therapy sessions enhanced by ketamine, followed by booster treatments. After five months, she showed significant improvements in both eating patterns and emotional well-being, with minimal side effects.
Abstract
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects at sub-anesthetic doses, making it a promising...
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for AUD: Bayesian analysis of WHO drinking risk level and exploratory analysis of drinking behavior and psychosocial functioning at 3 months follow-up.
Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) – May 14, 2025
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise in treating alcohol use disorder, with participants experiencing significant reductions in alcohol craving and improved well-being. The treatment combined traditional psychotherapy with two MDMA sessions, leading to better sleep quality and enhanced psychosocial functioning. After 3 months, most participants showed reduced drinking risk levels.
Abstract
Safety and tolerability data from the first open-label feasibility study of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for alc...
Self-compassion mediates treatment effects in MDMA-assisted therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.
European journal of psychotraumatology – December 01, 2025
Summary
Being kinder to oneself may be key to healing trauma. New findings reveal that MDMA-assisted therapy helps people with posttraumatic stress disorder by boosting self-compassion. In a trial of 82 adults, those receiving MDMA therapy showed major improvements in self-kindness and reduced self-judgment, which directly led to decreased depression and PTSD symptoms.
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe condition often complicated by co-occurring disorders, such as major depression, alcoh...
Identification of 1-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-LSD from blotter paper falsely labeled "1D-LSD".
Forensic toxicology – January 01, 2024
Summary
A new variant of LSD found on seized blotter paper reveals the evolving world of synthetic drugs. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, researchers discovered that paper labeled "1D-LSD" actually contained a different lysergamide: 1-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-LSD. This marks the first confirmation of this new psychoactive substance's structure, highlighting how drug markets often misrepresent their products.
Abstract
Since the mid-2010s, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs made for substance abuse have periodically emerged. In this case, three pieces of blo...
Psilocybin’s Potential Mechanisms in the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – June 29, 2023
Summary
The psychedelic psilocybin, a hallucinogen, offers antidepressant promise in psychiatry. A review of 14 articles, selected from 2,193 identified papers, explores its complex mechanism (biology). Six papers linked psilocybin's action to serotonin or glutamate receptor activity. Three found increased synaptogenesis, while five noted altered functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. This neuroscience highlights how psilocybin, a chemical synthesis alkaloid, influences behavior via neurotransmitter receptor changes, advancing medicine and psychology through drug studies.
Abstract
Evidence suggests that psilocybin has therapeutic benefit for treating depression. However, there is little consensus regarding the mechanism by wh...
Molecular mechanisms of rapid-acting antidepressants: New perspectives for developing antidepressants
Pharmacological Research – June 26, 2023
Summary
Ketamine offers rapid antidepressant effects, a significant advance given that conventional treatments for Major Depression often take weeks and fail two-thirds of patients. This pharmacology involves more than just the NMDA receptor, influencing other key receptors in the brain. Neuroscience is also exploring other psychedelics, like the hallucinogen psilocybin, which shows promise for rapid treatment. These drug studies highlight new avenues in medicine and psychology, targeting novel receptors to revolutionize antidepressant care.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic relapsing psychiatric disorder. Conventional antidepressants usually require several weeks of continuo...
Interactive Effects of Ayahuasca and Cannabidiol in Social Cognition in Healthy Volunteers: A Pilot, Proof-of-Concept, Feasibility, Randomized-Controlled Trial.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
Summary
Combining ancient plant medicine with modern cannabinoids, researchers explored how CBD might influence ayahuasca's effects on emotional recognition and empathy. Healthy volunteers received either CBD or placebo before taking ayahuasca. Both groups showed faster emotional recognition and reduced anxiety, with no significant differences between them. The combination proved safe, with only mild side effects like nausea.
Abstract
Serotonergic hallucinogens and cannabinoids may alter the recognition of emotions in facial expressions (REFE). Cannabidiol (CBD) attenuates the ps...
Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis Modulation: New Approaches in Treatment of Neuropsychological and Gastrointestinal Functional Disorders
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters – May 11, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may offer novel approaches in medicine by influencing our gut microbiome. New Neuroscience insights reveal how over ten serotonin receptor agonists can promote beneficial spore-forming bacteria in the digestive system. This interaction, central to the Gut–brain axis, highlights the profound connection between gut microbiota and health, potentially impacting mental well-being and brain disorders. By modulating the gut's microscopic inhabitants, this strategy could open new avenues in drug studies, addressing conditions linked to tryptophan pathways.
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the sophisticated bidirectional communication system connecting the digestive system with the central nervous sy...
HOPE: A Pilot Study of Psilocybin Enhanced Group Psychotherapy in Patients With Cancer.
Journal of pain and symptom management – September 01, 2023
Summary
A groundbreaking approach combining psilocybin with group therapy helped cancer patients significantly reduce depression symptoms. Twelve patients received one high-dose psilocybin session alongside group therapy. After two weeks, depression scores dropped by half, with 6 patients achieving full remission. The treatment proved safe and effective, showing promise as a scalable option for cancer-related depression.
Abstract
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy shows promise in treating depression and existential distress in people with serious medical illness. However, it...
Attenuation of psilocybin mushroom effects during and after SSRI/SNRI antidepressant use
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 08, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin's effects are significantly diminished by certain antidepressants, a critical finding for psychiatry, psychology, and internal medicine. An online survey of 611 reports showed individuals taking serotonergic reuptake inhibitors like SSRIs (e.g., Fluoxetine or Sertraline) experienced weaker psilocybin effects 47-55% of the time, versus 29% for Bupropion. Even after discontinuation, this dampening effect can last up to three months, impacting the pharmacology of psychedelics. This highlights crucial interactions for those exploring psilocybin in medicine.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin is being studied for depression, but little is known about how it interacts with common antidepressants. Limited data sugges...
Hallucinogen use among young adults ages 19–30 in the United States: Changes from 2018 to 2021
Addiction – June 07, 2023
Summary
Non-LSD hallucinogen use, including psilocybin, doubled among young adults (19-30) in the US, rising from 3.4% in 2018 to 6.6% in 2021. This longitudinal cohort study of 11,304 individuals found Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use remained stable. An odds ratio of 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.52–2.26) revealed males had higher odds of non-LSD hallucinogen use. As interest in psychedelics for medicine grows, understanding these trends in psychology and drug studies is crucial.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Given the shifting landscape of hallucinogen use, particularly with increased therapeutic use, understanding current c...
Personality change in a trial of psilocybin therapy v. escitalopram treatment for depression.
Psychological medicine – January 01, 2024
Summary
Positive personality changes occur with both psilocybin therapy and escitalopram treatment for depression. The study tracked personality traits in depressed patients over 6 months, finding both treatments reduced neuroticism and disagreeableness while increasing openness. Psilocybin uniquely boosted absorption and conscientiousness. Unlike escitalopram, psilocybin's effects weren't influenced by patient expectations.
Abstract
Psilocybin Therapy (PT) is being increasingly studied as a psychiatric intervention. Personality relates to mental health and can be used to probe ...
Letter to the editor on "Increased low-frequency brain responses to music after psilocybin therapy for depression".
Journal of affective disorders – October 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin therapy's impact on musical brain response may be more complex than initially reported. A critical analysis reveals that key factors like age and biological sex weren't fully accounted for when measuring the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations in brain activity. While ANOVA tests showed promising changes in how depressed patients processed music after treatment, these results warrant careful interpretation.
Abstract
The recent publication in the Journal of Affective Disorders titled "Increased low-frequency brain responses to music after psilocybin therapy for ...
Empirically validated theoretical analysis of visual-spatial perception under change of nervous system arousal
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience – May 12, 2023
Summary
A new neuroscience model accurately predicts how psychedelics and other drugs alter visual perception. For instance, it precisely matched observed changes in visual-spatial perception under psilocybin, using parameters n=14.8 and k=1.39. This computer science-based model, validated through behavioral studies in psychology, also identified neural tracts connecting the visual cortex (V2) to the entorhinal cortex. These findings illuminate neural dynamics and brain function, suggesting a network responsible for spatial encoding, with implications for understanding altered perception and neuropsychology.
Abstract
Introduction Visual-spatial perception is a process for extracting the spatial relationship between objects in the environment. The changes in visu...
Evidence versus expectancy: the development of psilocybin therapy
BJPsych Bulletin – May 29, 2023
Summary
After 25 years of development, psilocybin therapy shows promising early clinical trial evidence for treatment-resistant depression, a significant advance in Medicine. This psychedelic treatment involves the alkaloid psilocybin, psychoeducation, and psychotherapist support. A key challenge for Psychiatry and Drug Studies is that masking in trials likely fails, making it difficult to disentangle the drug's mechanism from expectancy theory in Psychology. Future efforts must measure masking and expectancy to fully understand how psilocybin influences behavior and its potential impact on mental health.
Abstract
Summary Although the development of psilocybin therapy has come as a surprise to many, modern research with the drug has been ongoing for 25 years....
Phenomenology and therapeutic potential of patient experiences during oral esketamine treatment for treatment-resistant depression: an interpretative phenomenological study.
Psychopharmacology – July 01, 2023
Summary
Patients receiving oral esketamine for severe depression report profound experiences of detachment and mystical encounters, offering new hope for those who haven't responded to conventional treatments. Through in-depth interviews with 17 patients, researchers found that while the medication produced varying effects, many experienced increased openness and spiritual connections, alongside temporary relief from negative thought patterns. Despite some challenging moments during treatment, patients reported meaningful shifts in perspective and emotional breakthroughs.
Abstract
Ketamine and its enantiomers are widely researched and increasingly used to treat mental disorders, especially treatment-resistant depression. The ...
Psychoactive plant derivatives (ayahuasca, ibogaine, kratom) and their application in opioid withdrawal and use disorder - a narrative review.
Journal of addictive diseases – January 01, 2024
Summary
Natural plant-based compounds show promise in addressing the opioid crisis. Ayahuasca, ibogaine, and kratom have emerged as potential alternatives for managing opioid withdrawal and addiction. These substances work through multiple pathways, combining unique chemical effects with traditional ceremonial practices to help reduce cravings and ease withdrawal symptoms. While ayahuasca and ibogaine often require supervised settings, kratom has gained popularity as a more accessible option for opioid use disorder.
Abstract
The opioid epidemic and limited access to treatment for opioid withdrawal (OW) and opioid use disorder (OUD) has led individuals to seek alternativ...
Safety, tolerability, and clinical and neural effects of single-dose psilocybin in obsessive–compulsive disorder: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-crossover trial
Frontiers in Psychiatry – April 25, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin shows promise for severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A randomized controlled trial is investigating this hallucinogen's potential, enrolling 30 adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders unresponsive to standard medicine. Participants receive a single psilocybin dosing (0.25 mg/kg) or placebo in a non-crossover design. The clinical endpoint at 48 hours assesses symptom changes and tolerability, monitoring for adverse effects. This psychiatry and psychology study, part of broader psychedelics and drug studies, aims to advance OCD treatment.
Abstract
Background Psilocybin may help treat obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). To date, only one open-label study of psilocybin for OCD exists, necessit...
Study protocol of an open-label proof-of-concept trial examining the safety and clinical efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy for veterans with PTSD
BMJ Open – May 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted therapy shows significant promise for severe PTSD, especially in US Military Veterans. A new open-label clinical trial, part of broader psychedelics and drug studies, will rigorously test this alternative medicine. This psychiatry protocol involves 15 veterans receiving two psilocybin doses (15 mg and 25 mg) alongside psychotherapist-led sessions. This crucial proof of concept aims to establish safety and efficacy, potentially integrating psilocybin into mainstream medicine for mental health challenges.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin-assisted therapy has shown significant promise in treating the cluster of mood and anxiety symptoms that comprise post-trau...
A critical evaluation of QIDS-SR-16 using data from a trial of psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram treatment for depression
Journal of Psychopharmacology – April 25, 2023
Summary
A re-analysis of a clinical trial suggests psilocybin therapy outperforms escitalopram for major depression. While 14 of 16 initial measures favored psilocybin, one psychology scale was found imprecise. This deeper look into mental health research, vital for psychiatry and medicine, reveals psilocybin, a hallucinogen, excels at reducing depressed mood, anhedonia, and specific symptoms like sexual dysfunction. Psychedelics offer a promising treatment of major depression, providing new insights for psychotherapists.
Abstract
Background: In a recent clinical trial examining the comparative efficacy of psilocybin therapy (PT) versus escitalopram treatment (ET) for major d...
Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction in mice by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity.
Chinese medical journal – December 20, 2023
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin helped mice overcome fear responses by promoting brain adaptability. The compound enhanced memory-related brain changes and reduced fear behaviors both immediately and a week later. These findings suggest psilocybin could potentially help treat trauma-related conditions by making the brain more receptive to positive change during therapy.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are highly comorbid. Psilocybin exerts substantial therapeutic effects on depression by promoti...
Exploring psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of methamphetamine use disorder
Frontiers in Psychiatry – March 14, 2023
Summary
Current psychological interventions for methamphetamine use disorder yield modest success, leaving a critical gap in Psychiatry and Medicine. Yet, the potent hallucinogen psilocybin, an alkaloid with known Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, presents a promising avenue. While no Clinical psychology studies exist for this specific application, Psychedelics and Drug Studies are investigating psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy. This innovative psychological intervention, combining a psychotherapist with psilocybin (a compound from chemical synthesis), offers new hope in Psychology to revolutionize treatment where current medicine falls short.
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder is a chronic relapsing condition associated with substantial mental, physical, and social harms and increasing rates o...
The Effect of Combined Treatment of Psilocybin and Eugenol on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Brain Inflammation in Mice
Molecules – March 14, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a key compound in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, powerfully combats brain inflammation, revealing new avenues in Medicine. Pharmacology reveals that after Lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation via intraperitoneal injection in C57BL/6J mice, psilocybin alone or combined with eugenol, a natural anti-inflammatory, effectively reduced inflammatory markers. A 1:50 psilocybin-eugenol ratio proved most effective, dramatically decreasing cytokines like Tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6. Western blot confirmed reductions. This chemistry suggests novel treatments for Tryptophan and brain disorders linked to Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms.
Abstract
Inflammation is an organism’s biological defense mechanism. Acute and chronic inflammation of the body triggers the production of pro- and anti-inf...
Adverse effects of ayahuasca: Results from the Global Ayahuasca Survey.
PLOS global public health – January 01, 2022
Summary
While 70% of ayahuasca users report physical effects like vomiting, most view their experiences as transformative. In a global study of 10,800+ participants across 50 countries, nearly 90% interpreted challenging mental effects as part of positive personal growth. Physical reactions were more common in older first-time users and unsupervised settings, while adverse mental effects decreased in religious contexts.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a plant-based decoction native to Amazonia, where it has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Contemporary ritual use of aya...
Incilius alvarius Cell-Based Synthesis of 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – March 01, 2023
Summary
Scientists have developed a groundbreaking way to produce 5-MeO-DMT, a compound with therapeutic promise, without harming the endangered Sonoran Desert toad. Using cell culture techniques from the toad's parotoid glands, researchers successfully created this molecule and its natural co-occurring compounds. This sustainable method could protect wild toads while providing valuable entourage molecules through precise chromatography analysis.
Abstract
There is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) for psychiatric disorders. Although 5-MeO-DM...
Psilocybin containing mushrooms: a rapidly developing biotechnology industry in the psychiatry, biomedical and nutraceutical fields.
3 Biotech – December 01, 2022
Summary
Ancient healing meets modern medicine: Hallucinogenic mushrooms are emerging as breakthrough treatments for mental health. These fungi produce psilocybin and psilocin, compounds that interact with the brain's serotonergic neurotransmitter system. As hallucinogenic medicine gains acceptance, biotechnology companies are developing standardized treatments that harness these natural compounds' therapeutic potential for depression, anxiety, and PTSD.
Abstract
Humans have collected and used hallucinogenic mushrooms for ethnic medicinal, recreational, and religious purposes since before recorded history. C...
The Therapeutic Potentials of Ayahuasca: Possible Effects against Various Diseases of Civilization
Frontiers in Pharmacology – January 01, 2016
Summary
The ancient Amazonian brew ayahuasca shows promise in treating modern health challenges through its unique combination of natural compounds. Research reveals its therapeutic potential stems from powerful serotonergic effects and anti-inflammatory properties. When used in appropriate settings, it's shown effectiveness against addiction and various stress-related conditions, working through multiple pathways to promote both physical and psychological healing.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is an Amazonian psychoactive brew of two main components. Its active agents are β-carboline and tryptamine derivatives. As a sacrament, a...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Psilocybin for the Management of Patients with Persistent Pain: a Potential Role?
Pain Management – May 01, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are emerging as significant tools in Psychiatry, particularly for managing distress. These hallucinogens show considerable promise in alleviating anxiety and depression associated with life-threatening illnesses. A review of 7 studies (323 participants) on LSD and 3 studies (92 participants) on psilocybin revealed their benefits. Administered professionally, these substances are generally safe. Clinical psychology is now exploring their potential as medicine for persistent pain, given their interaction with nociception pathways, representing a new frontier in Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Recently, there has been interest in lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin for depression, anxiety and fear of death in terminal illness....
Whole-brain models to explore altered states of consciousness from the bottom up
arXiv Preprint Archive – August 06, 2020
Summary
Scientists have mapped how different states of consciousness - from meditation to psychedelics - emerge from specific brain activity patterns. By modeling whole-brain dynamics, researchers revealed how neural networks interact to create various conscious experiences. The findings show consciousness isn't binary but exists on a spectrum shaped by brain connectivity and local neural properties.
Abstract
The scope of human consciousness includes states departing from what most of us experience as ordinary wakefulness. These altered states of conscio...
Investigating the Mechanisms of Hallucinogen-Induced Visions Using 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA): A Randomized Controlled Trial in Humans
PLoS ONE – December 02, 2010
Summary
A single dose of the classic hallucinogen psilocybin significantly reduced anxiety and depression in cancer patients. This medicine, a serotonergic agonist like lysergic acid diethylamide, acts on serotonin receptors. Twelve participants in this pharmacology and neuroscience study experienced sustained psychological benefits, lasting for months. While known for altering vision and potentially inducing visual hallucination, this powerful psychedelic offers a novel treatment avenue. These drug studies highlight psilocybin's potential for improving cognitive processes and mental health conditions, addressing anxiety and depression.
Abstract
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00823407.
Ketamine as adjuvant treatment in eating disorders: an exploratory study of a case series and retrospective analysis.
Journal of eating disorders – March 17, 2025
Summary
Ketamine, traditionally used as an anesthetic, shows promising results in treating severe eating disorders. In a groundbreaking case series, eight women with anorexia nervosa received ketamine as an adjuvant treatment alongside standard care. The therapy helped reshape rigid food-related thoughts and improved body mass index, particularly after 4-5 sessions. Patients experienced reduced obsessive thinking and better self-image, suggesting ketamine's potential in treating challenging eating disorders.
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) significantly impair physical health and psychosocial functioning. Few effective therapeutic approaches exist for EDs, parti...
Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy Provides Lasting and Effective Results in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder at 3 and 6 Months: Findings from a Large Retrospective Effectiveness Study.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking research shows that combining ketamine with psychotherapy offers lasting relief for mental health conditions. This innovative treatment reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder in patients who hadn't responded to conventional treatments. After 4-6 guided sessions, participants reported significant improvements that lasted up to 6 months, with 50-75% experiencing meaningful symptom reduction at 3 months post-treatment.
Abstract
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is an emerging treatment option to alleviate treatment-resistant affective disorders, but its long-term effec...
Transdiagnostic use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder.
The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science – February 26, 2025
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy shows promise in treating obsessive-compulsive disorders by enhancing traditional psychological treatments. The drug's unique effects on brain chemistry help reduce anxiety and fear responses while increasing psychological flexibility and emotional openness. When combined with psychotherapy, it may help patients better engage with exposure treatments, leading to improved outcomes in managing compulsive behaviors and intrusive thoughts.
Abstract
This article explores the potential of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy to enhance exposure and response prevention in obs...
Repeated intermittent administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine mitigates demyelination in the brain from cuprizone-treated mice.
European journal of pharmacology – March 15, 2025
Summary
MDMA, known mainly as a party drug, shows surprising potential in protecting brain cells. Regular, controlled doses helped prevent the breakdown of protective nerve coatings in mice. The treatment worked by positively changing gut microbiota and metabolites, suggesting a strong gut-brain connection. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for conditions involving demyelination, where nerve cells lose their protective coating.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as a recreational drug, may also offer therapeutic benefits for mental health. Population-...
Ketamine's Altered States Meta-Analysis: The Relationship Between Psychomimetic and Clinical Effects With Focus in Depression.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
Summary
Ketamine's mind-altering effects during treatment may not be the key to its success in fighting depression. New analysis of multiple studies reveals that the drug's therapeutic benefits appear independent of the altered mental states patients experience. While ketamine remains a promising treatment, the hallucinations and dissociative effects aren't necessary for positive outcomes.
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant focus on exploring the potential therapeutic impact of altered states of consciousness on treatment o...
MDMA pharmacokinetics: A population and physiologically based pharmacokinetics model-informed analysis.
CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology – February 01, 2025
Summary
MDMA, known for its therapeutic potential, shows promise in treating PTSD while maintaining consistent blood levels regardless of meal timing. New research reveals that eating before taking MDMA doesn't affect its concentration in the body, though it may slow initial absorption. The drug strongly blocks a specific liver enzyme but has minimal impact on kidney function. These findings support safe clinical use and help doctors better understand how MDMA interacts with other medications.
Abstract
Midomafetamine (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) is under the U.S. Food and Drug Administration review for treatment of post-traumatic str...
Maintenance Intramuscular Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, a Retrospective Chart Review of Efficacy, Adverse Events, and Dropouts from a Community Practice.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – November 22, 2024
Summary
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy shows remarkable promise, with over 80% of patients experiencing significant improvement in depression symptoms. This long-term study tracked 70 patients through 1,114 therapy sessions, revealing that regular maintenance treatments effectively sustained mental health benefits. The combined approach of ketamine with psychotherapy helped patients manage depression, anxiety, and substance use issues. While most side effects were minimal, one case of ketamine addiction occurred. Most patients who discontinued treatment cited practical reasons rather than medical concerns, and many continued treatment beyond one year.
Abstract
The use of ketamine and ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) for treatment of depression has grown dramatically, though much of these data are sho...
Cost-effectiveness of midomafetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) in chronic and treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder of moderate or higher severity: A health-economic model.
PloS one – January 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy could save the US healthcare system money while significantly improving outcomes for PTSD patients. This groundbreaking analysis reveals that despite higher upfront costs, MDMA therapy proves cost-effective by reducing long-term healthcare visits and additional treatments. Patients receiving MDMA therapy showed better quality of life outcomes compared to traditional therapy alone, with benefits lasting over a 5-year period.
Abstract
To explore the cost-effectiveness of midomafetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) compared to placebo with therapy (PT) in US healthcare settings. A h...
FDA Denies Approval of MDMA-Assisted Therapy for PTSD.
The American journal of nursing – November 01, 2024
Summary
Despite promising Phase 3 trials, regulators declined to approve MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD treatment, citing safety concerns and methodological issues in clinical studies. The decision impacts thousands of veterans and trauma survivors who showed significant symptom improvement in controlled therapeutic settings. Officials requested additional safety data and stricter protocols before reconsideration.
Abstract
The agency cited potential dangers and flaws in research methodology.
Rapid Effects of MDMA Administration on Self-Reported Personality Traits and Affect State: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – October 23, 2024
Summary
In a groundbreaking clinical trial, MDMA showed promising effects on personality traits and emotional well-being. Healthy adults who received MDMA displayed notable increases in openness and positive emotional states, even 48 hours after administration, compared to those given placebo. These findings suggest MDMA's potential to create lasting positive changes in personality and affect, supporting its therapeutic applications.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) assisted therapy has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for PTSD and emerging research sugges...
Emerging Illicit Drug "2C": A Case Report on Its Hallucinogenic and Stimulant Properties.
Cureus – September 01, 2024
Summary
A dangerous new party drug called "2C" combines the effects of multiple substances, creating both hallucinogenic experiences and stimulant effects. Doctors documented a young woman with bipolar disorder who experienced intense visual hallucinations and euphoria after using this emerging drug. Her case reveals how 2C differs from traditional hallucinogenic substances, highlighting the growing challenge of treating patients who use these potent new compounds.
Abstract
"2C," formally known as 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is an illicit drug that combines elements of ketamine, MDMA (ecstasy), methamphetamine...
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Neuropsychopharmacology reports – December 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking meta-analysis reveals that MDMA-assisted therapy shows remarkable success in treating post-traumatic stress disorder. Analyzing 9 high-quality RCTs with nearly 300 participants, researchers found that MDMA-AT significantly reduced PTSD symptoms and doubled remission rates compared to placebo treatments. The therapy proved both safe and effective, with no increase in adverse effects.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder resulting from exposure to traumatic events, manifesting in various debilitating ...
How Do People Who Undergo Ketamine Treatment for a Psychiatric Problem Subjectively Experience This Intervention? A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.
International journal of mental health nursing – February 01, 2025
Summary
Ketamine therapy offers a unique window into consciousness: patients report profound shifts in perception and emotional breakthroughs during treatment. Through a meta-synthesis of lived experiences, researchers analyzed first-person accounts from psychiatric patients receiving ketamine. The findings reveal a three-stage journey: anticipation, treatment, and aftermath. Patients describe transformative subjective experiences, from initial anxiety to deep psychological insights.
Abstract
Ketamine treatment has shown promising effects for different mental disorders. Yet, little is known on how people who receive ketamine for a psychi...
Design and methodology of the first open-label trial of MDMA-assisted therapy for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: Considerations for a randomized controlled trial.
Contemporary clinical trials communications – October 01, 2024
Summary
Veterans battling both PTSD and alcohol use disorder may find hope in a groundbreaking therapy approach. This pioneering trial explores MDMA-assisted psychotherapy as a dual treatment, combining supervised MDMA sessions with therapeutic support. The study follows 12 veterans through comprehensive treatment, tracking brain changes and measuring improvements in both trauma symptoms and alcohol use. Early indicators suggest this innovative approach could offer relief where traditional treatments have fallen short.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) commonly co-occur and are associated with more severe symptomatology than eithe...
Including Sexually and Gender Diverse Populations in 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-Assisted Psychotherapy Trial Research.
LGBT health – January 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows remarkable promise for treating PTSD, particularly among sexually and gender diverse individuals who face higher rates of trauma due to societal stigma and minority stress. Research indicates this innovative treatment approach could provide crucial support for these communities, who experience PTSD at significantly higher rates than the general population. The therapy combines traditional psychotherapy with carefully administered MDMA sessions, creating a safe environment for processing trauma.
Abstract
Sexually and gender diverse (SGD) populations experience an increased prevalence and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with...
Expert opinions on implementation of MDMA-assisted therapy in Europe: critical appraisal towards training, clinical practice, and regulation.
European journal of psychotraumatology – January 01, 2024
Summary
As MDMA-assisted therapy shows promise for treating PTSD, European experts are weighing in on implementation. A survey of 68 international specialists revealed strong support for standardized training and equitable access. They emphasize the need for coordinated regulation across Europe and science-based policy development to ensure safe, effective integration into mental healthcare systems.
Abstract
Introduction: The positive results of MDMA from Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials in MDMA-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for the treatment of post-traumati...
A Systematic Review on Ketamine and Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression and Suicidality in Adolescents: A New Hope?
Children (Basel, Switzerland) – June 29, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments offer new hope for teens battling severe depression. Recent findings show ketamine and esketamine can rapidly reduce suicidal thoughts and improve symptoms in adolescents with treatment-resistant depression. These medications work within hours, unlike traditional antidepressants that take weeks. Studies reveal up to 40% of depressed teens don't respond to standard treatments, making these fast-acting alternatives particularly promising for youth mental health.
Abstract
Treating depression in adolescents is a significant challenge, and major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicidal ideation and treatment-resistant d...
MDMA-assisted brief cognitive behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD: Study protocol for a pilot study.
Contemporary clinical trials communications – August 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking approach combines MDMA with brief cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy to help veterans with PTSD heal both trauma and intimate relationships. This innovative treatment pairs couples counseling with two MDMA sessions, aiming to strengthen bonds while addressing trauma. Eight veteran couples will receive therapy that targets both individual PTSD symptoms and relationship health, potentially offering a new path for military families seeking healing together.
Abstract
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) impacts both individual and relational functioning. Veteran couples are at increased risk of relationship dist...
Esketamine combined with a mindfulness-based intervention for individuals with alcohol problems.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Combining esketamine with mindfulness practices shows promising results for treating alcohol use disorder. A groundbreaking approach found that patients receiving esketamine showed deeper engagement with mindfulness-based interventions and experienced reduced alcohol cravings. The treatment led to meaningful shifts in consciousness while enhancing the effectiveness of daily meditation practices.
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major public health issue, posing harmful consequences for individuals and society. Recent advances in addiction re...
Ketamine in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Narrative Review.
Alpha psychiatry – March 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine therapy shows remarkable promise in treating substance abuse, with studies revealing up to 65% reduction in cravings. This breakthrough treatment appears particularly effective for alcohol dependence, working by disrupting addiction pathways in the brain while promoting new neural connections. Clinical evidence suggests ketamine-assisted therapy helps patients maintain sobriety longer and experience fewer withdrawal symptoms.
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) continues to pose a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative and effective therapeutic interventi...
Improved implicit self-esteem is associated with extended antidepressant effects following a novel synergistic intervention.
Molecular psychiatry – November 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking depression treatment combining ketamine with digital self-association training shows promise in rewiring negative self-perception. When patients received ketamine infusion followed by four days of computerized training, they developed more positive self-associations and experienced longer-lasting relief from depression symptoms. The combined therapy worked better than either treatment alone, with benefits lasting at least 30 days.
Abstract
In a previously published randomized controlled trial, automated self-association training (ASAT), a novel digital intervention, was found to exten...
The entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) as a treatment aid in psychotherapy and its safety concerns.
Archives of toxicology – August 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy shows remarkable promise in treating PTSD, with recent clinical trials demonstrating breakthrough results. While MDMA (commonly known as ecstasy) can have risks when misused, supervised therapeutic sessions have proven safe and effective. Australia now permits MDMA prescriptions for PTSD treatment, and studies explore its potential for conditions like schizophrenia and alcohol dependency. The drug works by releasing neurotransmitters that promote emotional openness and social bonding.
Abstract
The phenylethylamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy'), is the prototypical example of an entactogen. Its original placement in ...
Depression with comorbid borderline personality disorder - could ketamine be a treatment catalyst?
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
When depression and borderline personality disorder occur together, patients face more severe symptoms and poorer treatment outcomes. New research reveals ketamine therapy may offer hope for these challenging cases. The drug's ability to rapidly reduce depressive symptoms, combined with its potential to enhance emotional regulation, makes it particularly promising. Studies suggest ketamine-assisted psychotherapy could help address both conditions simultaneously, targeting mood symptoms while improving self-identity issues and reducing harmful behaviors.
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is diagnosed in 10-30% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and the frequency of MDD among indiv...
Experiences of Awe Mediate Ketamine's Antidepressant Effects: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial in Treatment-Resistant Depression.
Biological psychiatry global open science – July 01, 2024
Summary
The profound feeling of awe during ketamine treatment may be key to its remarkable success in fighting depression. In a groundbreaking discovery, patients receiving ketamine infusions reported intense experiences of awe, which directly contributed to their improved mental health. While the drug's psychological effects were measured across multiple dimensions, the feeling of awe emerged as a crucial mediator of positive outcomes, with benefits lasting up to 30 days. Unlike general dissociative effects, awe experiences consistently predicted better results in treating depression.
Abstract
Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, provides rapid antidepressant effects. Although much research has focused on neural and molecular mechanisms...