4971 results for "Psychedelics"
Emotion regulation effects of Ayahuasca in experienced subjects during implicit aversive stimulation: An fMRI study.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – February 10, 2024
Summary
The ancient Amazonian psychedelic brew Ayahuasca shows promise in regulating emotional responses. Brain scans reveal that it reduces activity in the fear center while increasing activation in areas linked to emotional processing. Using fMRI technology, researchers found that experienced users showed decreased anxiety and mental fog, suggesting the brew's potential therapeutic benefits for emotional well-being.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a beverage used in Amazonian traditional medicine and it has been part of the human experience for millennia as well as other differen...
Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities and acute toxicity evaluation of the Psilocybe cubensis mushroom in experimental models in mice.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – February 10, 2024
Summary
Mexican traditional medicine gains scientific backing as research shows P. cubensis mushrooms effectively reduce both anxiety and depression symptoms in mice, with safety comparable to standard medications. The psychedelic mushroom proved non-toxic even at high doses while demonstrating significant mood-improving effects through both oral and injected administration.
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases can be diverse and usually present with comorbidity, as in the case of depression and anxiety. Despite altern...
Interaction of hallucinogenic rapid-acting antidepressants with mGlu2/3 receptor ligands as a window for more effective therapies.
Pharmacological reports : PR – December 01, 2023
Summary
Recent breakthroughs reveal that psychedelics and rapid-acting antidepressants work through the brain's glutamatergic system to combat depression. Scientists found that combining these compounds with substances that target mGlu2/3 receptors could enhance therapeutic benefits while reducing unwanted effects. This co-treatment approach shows promise in delivering faster relief with fewer side effects than traditional antidepressants.
Abstract
The desire to find a gold-standard therapy for depression is still ongoing. Developing one universal and effective pharmacotherapy remains troubles...
Corrigendum: Ceremonial ayahuasca in amazonian retreats-mental health and epigenetic outcomes from a six-month naturalistic study.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2023
Summary
Traditional ayahuasca ceremonies at Amazonian retreats show promising effects on mental health and gene expression. Participants who attended ceremonial psychedelic sessions reported significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. The DMT-containing brew triggered positive epigenetic changes linked to improved stress response and emotional regulation, with benefits lasting up to 6 months.
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.687615.].
The Rising Use of LSD among Business Managers.
Substance use & misuse – January 01, 2024
Summary
A surprising trend has emerged in corporate America: business managers are increasingly turning to psychedelics, particularly LSD, at higher rates than other workforce segments. Data from 168,920 full-time employees reveals that management-level professionals are embracing these substances, possibly seeking creative and competitive advantages. This upward trend persists across gender lines and appears unrelated to changes in risk perception.
Abstract
Although studies have demonstrated that the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is on the rise in the United States, it remains unclear how thi...
Use of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide by Major Depression Status.
JAMA psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Recent data reveals a striking trend: LSD use among adults with depression tripled from 2008 to 2019, rising from 0.5% to 1.8%. This increase was notably higher than among those without depression. Young adults under 35 and those with lower incomes showed the most significant uptick. The findings suggest growing interest in psychedelics among people seeking alternative approaches to mental health treatment.
Abstract
Renewed interest in the clinical potential of hallucinogens may lead people with depression to a generally more positive view of the use of lysergi...
Psilocybin for anorexia nervosa: If it helps, let's learn how.
Med (New York, N.Y.) – September 08, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic therapy shows early promise for treating anorexia nervosa, a challenging brain disorder affecting eating behaviors. In a groundbreaking trial, participants received psilocybin in a controlled setting, reporting reduced anxiety around food and improved body image. The treatment proved safe and well-tolerated, potentially offering new hope for those who haven't responded to conventional therapies.
Abstract
Existing treatments for adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) have limited effectiveness. AN is a brain-based disorder with behavioral and cognitive fe...
Development and validation of a sensitive LC–MS-MS method to quantify psilocin in authentic oral fluid samples
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – August 29, 2023
Summary
Psilocin, a psychedelic compound, was detected in human oral fluid for the first time, with concentrations up to 36.4 ng/mL in five volunteers. This advance in Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis utilized Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring for quantification. The chemistry involved careful sample preparation and extraction, achieving a detection limit of 0.05 ng/mL for the analyte. While stable for 72 hours at 4°C, psilocin degraded by 60-73% after three freeze/thaw cycles. This method is crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, offering insights into Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocin is an active substance and a dephosphorylated product of psilocybin formed after the ingestion of mushrooms. The low stability ca...
Classification schemes of altered states of consciousness.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – August 01, 2025
Summary
From meditation to psychedelics, altered states of consciousness have fascinated scientists for decades. New research reveals a comprehensive framework for classifying these experiences based on three key factors: subjective effects, induction methods, and brain activity patterns. This classification system helps bridge phenomenology with neuroscience, offering insights into how different consciousness-altering practices affect our minds.
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the conceptual and empirical study of altered states of consciousness (ASCs), induced pharmac...
Psilocybin therapy for females with anorexia nervosa: a phase 1, open-label feasibility study
Nature Medicine – July 24, 2023
Summary
A compelling finding in psychiatry reveals psilocybin medicine is safe and tolerable for Anorexia nervosa. Ten adult female participants received a 25-mg dose, showing no serious adverse effects or vital signs changes. Two experienced asymptomatic hypoglycemia, resolving quickly. This initial internal medicine finding, relevant to eating disorders like Bulimia nervosa, suggests psilocybin, a psychedelic, offers a promising new behavior-focused approach. Psychedelics and Drug Studies are advancing medical technology for Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies.
Abstract
Abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a deadly illness with no proven treatments to reverse core symptoms and no medications approved by the US Food an...
A Bayesian Reanalysis of a Trial of Psilocybin Versus Escitalopram for Depression
Psychedelic Medicine – October 28, 2022
Summary
Compelling news for Mental Health Research Topics: Psilocybin therapy for major depressive disorder significantly outperformed escitalopram on key measures, according to a reanalysis involving 59 patients. In Psychiatry and Clinical psychology, new findings reveal extremely strong evidence for psilocybin's superiority on the Hamd scale. This insight from Psychedelics and Drug Studies shows the psychedelic treatment also demonstrated moderate evidence of clinically meaningful superiority on other scales. Overall, psilocybin proved noninferior to escitalopram for the Treatment of Major Depression.
Abstract
Background: A trial of psilocybin (COMP360) versus escitalopram for major depressive disorder (MDD) was reported as negative, as there was no signi...
Acute psilocybin increased cortical activities in rats
Frontiers in Neuroscience – May 23, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, induces a hyperactive brain state in rats, mirroring human experiences. Neuroscience research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals that just ten minutes after a 2.0 mg/kg dose, this psychedelic compound activates regions like the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and striatum. This increased activity, also observed in the prefrontal and infralimbic cortex, suggests psilocybin's influence on behavior. Psychedelics and Drug Studies illuminate neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, potentially addressing brain disorders and pathways involving tryptophan.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring hallucinogenic component of magic mushrooms, has significant psychoactive effects in both humans and rodents. But...
Orally Active Forms of DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and Long-Acting MDMA for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.
ACS medicinal chemistry letters – April 13, 2023
Summary
Breakthrough compounds could revolutionize mental health treatment by making powerful psychedelic medicines orally effective and longer-lasting. These modified versions of DMT and MDMA are designed to activate in the body, potentially offering new hope for treating depression, PTSD, and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Abstract
This Patent Highlight describes derivatives of DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and MDMA that are metabolically converted to biologically active analogs. When these...
Use of Selective Alternative Therapies for Treatment of OCD.
Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment – January 01, 2023
Summary
Groundbreaking research reveals that psychedelic compounds like psilocybin may offer hope for those struggling with severe obsessions and compulsions. Alternative treatments, including certain psychoactive substances, showed remarkable success in reducing OCD symptoms. Cannabis, nicotine, and morphine demonstrated positive outcomes, with psilocybin users reporting the most significant improvements in managing intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors.
Abstract
About 40% of the people with the obsessive-compulsive-disorder do not experience the desired outcome after the existing treatment, and its several ...
The Effectiveness of Microdosed Psilocybin in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Lyme Disease: A Case Study.
International medical case reports journal – January 01, 2023
Summary
A patient suffering from treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric Lyme disease found remarkable relief through carefully measured microdoses of psilocybin. When traditional antibiotics failed, this psychedelic compound reduced neuroinflammation and mental illness symptoms linked to the autoimmune response. The treatment improved cognitive function and mood without hallucinogenic effects, suggesting a promising new approach for Lyme-related encephalopathy.
Abstract
Lyme disease can result in severe neuropsychiatric symptoms that may be resistant to treatment. The pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric Lyme disease i...
Psilocybin as a Treatment for Psychiatric Illness: A Meta-Analysis.
Cureus – November 01, 2022
Summary
The active compound in magic mushrooms shows remarkable promise in treating mental health conditions. Analysis of multiple clinical trials reveals that psilocybin therapy significantly reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with various psychiatric illnesses. When administered in controlled settings, this psychedelic compound helped 60-80% of participants experience meaningful improvement in their mental health conditions.
Abstract
Psilocybin is an emerging potential therapy for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses. Microdosing has been shown to result in an overall improvem...
A narrative review of the pharmacological, cultural and psychological literature on ibogaine
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – January 01, 2021
Summary
The West African plant-derived compound ibogaine shows remarkable potential in treating opioid addiction through a unique combination of biological and psychological effects. Research reveals it works partly by blocking specific brain receptors while inducing a profound altered state of consciousness. Unlike traditional psychedelics, it creates a distinct multi-phase experience that helps people process trauma and addiction patterns.
Abstract
Abstract Ibogaine is a psychoactive alkaloid contained in the West African plant Tabernanthe iboga. Although preliminary, evidence suggests that ib...
Acute Subjective Experiences of Intravenous Ketamine Therapy Among Medically Hospitalized Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine therapy shows promise for treating alcohol use disorder, offering unique healing experiences even in hospital settings. Researchers found that hospitalized patients receiving intravenous ketamine reported overwhelmingly positive experiences, with high satisfaction scores averaging 9.5 out of 10. Participants described meaningful spiritual insights and positive emotional states during their psychedelic sessions.
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is widespread and problematic in the United States, and current pharmacotherapy options have relatively modest effects. ...
The METEMP protocol: Massed exposure therapy enhanced with MDMA for PTSD.
Contemporary clinical trials communications – February 01, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking treatment combines MDMA (the psychedelic compound) with intensive exposure therapy to tackle PTSD. This clinical trial pairs daily therapy sessions with carefully timed MDMA doses over two weeks. Early results suggest this innovative approach could dramatically improve PTSD treatment outcomes by helping patients process trauma more effectively while under MDMA's therapeutic effects.
Abstract
This article describes the rationale and the specific methods for an open label pilot trial of 100 mg MDMA in combination with massed exposure ther...
Cortical high-frequency oscillations (≈ 110 Hz) in cats are state-dependent and enhanced by a subanesthetic dose of ketamine.
Behavioural brain research – January 05, 2025
Summary
Ketamine, a powerful psychedelic and anesthetic drug, dramatically affects brain wave patterns in unexpected ways. Scientists found that low doses boost ultra-fast brain oscillations (HFO) during wakefulness, particularly when breathing in. These enhanced brain waves flow from smell-processing regions to decision-making areas, suggesting how ketamine might influence cognition and consciousness.
Abstract
Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist that has antidepressant and anesthetic properties. At subanesthetic doses, ketamine induces transient psych...
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A novel framework for ketamine-assisted couple therapy.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic therapies are revolutionizing mental health treatment, and now they're transforming relationships too. Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy shows promise in helping couples overcome relationship challenges while addressing individual mental health concerns. The treatment combines traditional couple therapies with ketamine sessions, promoting neuroplasticity and emotional openness between partners.
Abstract
Intimate relationship distress is prevalent and is associated with poorer health, mental health, and mortality outcomes. Evidence-based couple ther...
The Altered States Database: Psychometric data from a systematic literature review.
Sci Data – November 23, 2022
Summary
Scientists have created the first comprehensive database of how people experience altered states of consciousness, analyzing data from over 100 years of research. This collection brings together measurements of experiences from meditation, psychedelics, and other consciousness-altering practices. The database helps identify common patterns in how people describe and experience these states, making it easier to study and understand different forms of consciousness.
Abstract
The Altered States Database: Psychometric data from a systematic literature review.
Perioperative considerations for patients exposed to hallucinogens.
Reg Anesth Pain Med – December 02, 2024
Summary
As psychedelic use grows, medical teams need clear guidelines for surgery patients with recent hallucinogen exposure. Anesthesiologists must carefully adjust medications and monitoring for these patients, as hallucinogens can interact with anesthesia and affect vital signs. Key recommendations include detailed drug screening, modified anesthetic approaches, and enhanced post-surgery observation.
Abstract
Perioperative considerations for patients exposed to hallucinogens.
Trips and neurotransmitters: Discovering principled patterns across 6850 hallucinogenic experiences.
Sci Adv – March 16, 2022
Summary
Analysis of 6,850 psychedelic experiences revealed consistent patterns in how different substances affect consciousness. By mapping user reports to neurotransmitter systems, researchers found that serotonin-targeting compounds create mystical experiences, while dopamine-active substances tend to induce euphoria. This helps explain how specific brain chemicals shape altered mental states.
Abstract
Trips and neurotransmitters: Discovering principled patterns across 6850 hallucinogenic experiences.
MDMA for PTSD and beyond: a new paradigm brings hope.
Front Hum Neurosci – December 11, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough results show MDMA-assisted therapy significantly reduces PTSD symptoms in 88% of patients. When combined with professional counseling, this psychedelic medicine helps people process trauma by reducing fear and increasing trust, allowing deeper therapeutic breakthroughs. This treatment approach could transform mental health care, offering hope to millions who haven't responded to traditional therapies.
Abstract
MDMA for PTSD and beyond: a new paradigm brings hope.
Mortality risk among people receiving acute hospital care for hallucinogen use compared with the general population.
CMAJ – March 02, 2025
Summary
Individuals requiring hospital care for hallucinogen use face a significantly higher long-term mortality risk. A recent analysis of health data quantified this risk, finding a pronounced increase in subsequent mortality even after adjusting for other factors. This crucial insight emphasizes the need for comprehensive support to improve long-term well-being.
Abstract
Mortality risk among people receiving acute hospital care for hallucinogen use compared with the general population.
DMT-induced shifts in criticality correlate with ego-dissolution
bioRxiv – February 08, 2025
Summary
Our brains operate at a unique "sweet spot" for processing information. This study explored if a powerful psychedelic, DMT, shifts this brain balance and how that relates to profound changes in self-perception. Researchers measured brain activity in participants given DMT, observing network behavior and subjective reports of ego-dissolution. Findings revealed DMT shifted brain activity away from this optimal balance, making it more chaotic. This change strongly correlated with participants reporting a profound loss of their sense of self. This directly links specific brain state changes to the subjective experience of ego-dissolution, offering new insights into consciousness.
Abstract
DMT-induced shifts in criticality correlate with ego-dissolution
Therapeutic effect of an ayahuasca analogue in clinically depressed patients: a longitudinal observational study.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) – January 24, 2022
Summary
A single dose of a unique compound demonstrated remarkable potential for treating clinical depression. Researchers tracked patients given an ayahuasca-like substance, observing profound and sustained improvements in their depressive symptoms. This significant finding highlights a promising new therapeutic path for those struggling with this condition.
Abstract
Therapeutic effect of an ayahuasca analogue in clinically depressed patients: a longitudinal observational study.
Exploring Gender-Themed Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Experiences: A Subreddit Analysis.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – June 01, 2025
Summary
Intriguingly, some people find LSD helps clarify their gender identity. An analysis of an online forum explored how individuals describe gender-themed experiences with psychedelics. Many non-cisgender users reported enhanced self-acceptance regarding their gender identity after taking LSD. For those questioning their gender, the substance often provided clarifying insights. Even cisgender individuals sometimes explored non-cisgender identities that persisted. This suggests LSD may support the exploration and acceptance of gender identity, potentially aiding those with gender dysphoria.
Abstract
Gender-themed lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) experiences have been documented anecdotally but not yet studied systematically. This study aimed to...
The Induction of Dissociative States: A Meta-Analysis.
Biological psychiatry global open science – July 01, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, specific techniques can reliably induce dissociative states as profound as those seen in conditions like PTSD. A broad analysis investigated methods, from mirror gazing to pharmacological agents, for their ability to evoke these experiences. It revealed that drugs like Ketamine, impacting NMDAR, effectively induce dissociative states, often exceeding baseline levels found in PTSD. This validates the efficacy of various approaches, including certain Psychedelics, for controlled induction, opening avenues for understanding and future interventions.
Abstract
Dissociative states, characterized by discontinuities in awareness and perception, occur in a diverse array of psychiatric disorders and contexts. ...
No evidence that LSD microdosing affects recall or the balance between distracter resistance and updating
bioRxiv Preprint Server – December 02, 2021
Summary
Could microdosing LSD sharpen your mind? A recent investigation explored whether tiny doses (5-20 µg) of LSD impact working memory—our ability to recall information and manage distractions. Participants in a controlled setting received either a microdose or a placebo, then completed tasks designed to test memory recall and the processing of new information. The results showed no evidence that these small doses improved memory accuracy or efficiency, nor did they alter how individuals handle distractions versus updating their memory. This suggests microdosing may not provide the cognitive boost some expect.
Abstract
The effect of low doses (<=20 μg) of LSD on working memory, in the absence of altered states of consciousness, remain largely unexplored. Given its...
Efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted treatment for major depressive disorder: Prospective 12-month follow-up
Journal of Psychopharmacology – February 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted therapy offers remarkable long-term antidepressant effects for major depressive disorder. A randomized controlled trial with 24 participants showed 75% achieved treatment response and 58% remission after 12 months. Sustained, large decreases in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Hamd) scores (Cohen d up to 2.6) were observed. No serious adverse effects occurred within the study's context. This medicine, a psychedelic alkaloid, shows promise for psychiatry and clinical psychology, advancing psychedelics and complementary medicine studies.
Abstract
Background: Preliminary data suggest that psilocybin-assisted treatment produces substantial and rapid antidepressant effects in patients with majo...
Online Availability of Diamond Shruumz Before and After FDA Recall Initiation: Qualitative Assessment and Simulated Test Purchasing.
Journal of medical Internet research – June 30, 2025
Summary
Despite a product recall, a psychoactive product linked to hospitalizations surprisingly persisted on the e-commerce market. Online monitoring and qualitative assessment via social media and website surveillance effectively identified continued availability. Many domains kept marketing and selling the product, with some test purchases succeeding. This highlights the ongoing challenge of enforcing recalls for new psychedelics in the diverse online market.
Abstract
Reports of hospitalization associated with Diamond Shruumz-branded mushroom-containing products in October 2024 led to a manufacturer's recall that...
Case report: Significant lesion reduction and neural structural changes following ibogaine treatments for multiple sclerosis.
Frontiers in immunology – January 01, 2025
Summary
Remarkable neuroimaging revealed significant brain repair in two multiple sclerosis patients after ibogaine treatments. This psychedelic medicine led to substantial lesion reduction and signs of neuroregeneration, suggesting ibogaine and its metabolite noribogaine may promote neural healing and modulate circuits affected by MS. A promising new direction for treatment.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination and neuronal loss. Traditional therapies often f...
Past-year hallucinogen use in relation to psychological distress, depression, and suicidality among US adults.
Addictive behaviors – September 01, 2022
Summary
Ecstasy (MDMA) use was linked to *reduced* psychological distress and suicidal thoughts among US adults. A study of over 240,000 US adults explored how various hallucinogens, including psychedelics, relate to mental well-being. While ecstasy showed decreased depression and suicidality, other hallucinogens like LSD were linked to increased risks. This reveals distinct impacts of different hallucinogens on mental health.
Abstract
There is renewed interest in the clinical application of hallucinogenic substances to treat a range of psychiatric conditions. However, there is mi...
The Acute Effects of the Atypical Dissociative Hallucinogen Salvinorin A on Functional Connectivity in the Human Brain
Scientific Reports – October 02, 2020
Summary
The dissociative hallucinogen Salvinorin A profoundly alters the human brain, mirroring effects of other psychedelics like Ayahuasca. Neuroscience, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, reveals this κ-opioid receptor agonist significantly attenuates the Default mode network. Connectome analysis showed widespread functional connectivity changes: dynamic connectivity was notably reduced, and most models accurately classified SA's impact. This pattern, crucial for psychology and medicine, highlights neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, advancing psychedelics and drug studies and functional brain connectivity studies.
Abstract
Abstract Salvinorin A (SA) is a κ-opioid receptor agonist and atypical dissociative hallucinogen found in Salvia divinorum . Despite the resurgence...
Hallucinogens and Their Therapeutic Use: A Literature Review.
Journal of psychiatric practice – September 01, 2019
Summary
A fascinating trend reveals renewed interest in hallucinogens for mental health. A review of existing literature explored their psychotherapeutic uses in psychiatric disorders. It found substances like psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine have been evaluated for conditions including depression and substance use disorders. Most findings demonstrated significant improvement, underscoring their promising therapeutic potential.
Abstract
The exploration of possible therapeutic benefits of hallucinogenic substances has undergone a revitalization in the past decade. This literature re...
Ibogaine and Subjective Experience: Transformative States and Psychopharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
Summary
Many people seeking help for opioid use disorder experience profound spiritual transformation during a unique oneiric psychedelic drug treatment. This approach explores how the powerful hallucinogen, ibogaine, impacts subjective experience. Researchers observed 44 participants, finding ibogaine often induced "complete mystical experiences" with vivid visions. These led to confronting past actions but also offered release from guilt and worthlessness, highlighting ibogaine's distinct healing capacity beyond mere withdrawal reduction from opioids.
Abstract
This article examines the therapeutic potential of ibogaine, a powerful oneiric alkaloid derived from Tabernanthe iboga, through exploring the subj...
Acute and post-acute behavioral and psychological effects of salvinorin A in humans.
Psychopharmacology – March 01, 2012
Summary
A unique compound, Salvinorin A, can induce distinct hallucinogenic experiences without significant adverse effects. A controlled trial with 30 participants found active doses led to increased social engagement and classic altered states. Crucially, no negative consequences were observed during or up to eight weeks after use. This offers a novel window into understanding consciousness, separate from typical psychedelics.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum has been used for centuries, and nontraditional use in modern societies is increasing. Inebriation and aftereffects of use are poo...
The discriminative effects of the kappa-opioid hallucinogen salvinorin A in nonhuman primates: dissociation from classic hallucinogen effects.
Psychopharmacology – June 01, 2010
Summary
A unique hallucinogen, salvinorin A, produces effects distinct from classic psychedelic drugs by targeting specific brain receptors. Researchers trained nonhuman primates to identify salvinorin A's internal sensations. They found that its effects were recognized alongside other kappa-opioid compounds but not with serotonergic hallucinogens like psilocybin or dissociatives like ketamine. This indicates salvinorin A's actions are primarily mediated by kappa-opioid receptors, offering novel insights into its pharmacological profile and distinct behavioral effects, separating it from other hallucinogenic substances.
Abstract
The widely available hallucinogen salvinorin A is a unique example of a plant-derived compound selective for kappa-opioid receptors and may produce...
The paradox of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: an indoleamine hallucinogen that induces stimulus control via 5-HT1A receptors.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – January 01, 2000
Summary
A potent hallucinogen, 5-MeO-DMT, surprisingly creates its unique effects primarily through a different brain receptor than many other similar compounds. Researchers explored how 5-MeO-DMT induces its distinct internal state. Using trained rats, they found its behavioral control was predominantly blocked by compounds targeting 5-HT1A serotonin receptors. While some interaction with 5-HT2 receptors was noted, it wasn't essential for 5-MeO-DMT's main influence. This work shows 5-MeO-DMT's core mechanism differs from other hallucinogens, which typically act via 5-HT2 receptors.
Abstract
Stimulus control was established in rats trained to discriminate either 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (3 mg/kg) or (-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamp...
Clinical applications of hallucinogens: A review.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol – August 01, 2016
Summary
Psychedelics are showing remarkable promise in medical settings. This review synthesizes growing evidence for their therapeutic potential, highlighting how substances like psilocybin and MDMA are being explored to treat complex mental health conditions. Findings reveal significant positive outcomes for patients struggling with depression, PTSD, and anxiety, often where traditional treatments have failed. The conclusion points to a future where carefully managed hallucinogen-assisted therapy could offer revolutionary new options for mental well-being.
Abstract
Clinical applications of hallucinogens: A review.
High doses of dextromethorphan, an NMDA antagonist, produce effects similar to classic hallucinogens.
Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2012
Summary
A common cough suppressant, in high doses, can induce profound, positive psychological shifts. Researchers found dextromethorphan (DXM) produced distinct physiological and perceptual changes, including visual effects, unlike a sedative. Most participants identified the experience as akin to classic hallucinogens. Effects resolved safely. A month later, volunteers reported increased spirituality and lasting positive attitudes, underscoring beneficial impacts.
Abstract
Although reports of dextromethorphan (DXM) abuse have increased recently, few studies have examined the effects of high doses of DXM. This study in...
Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects.
Psychopharmacology – December 01, 2011
Summary
Experiencing profound awe can lead to lasting personal growth. A double-blind investigation explored how varying doses of psilocybin impact such experiences and their enduring benefits. Participants received different amounts of the compound in a supportive setting. Findings revealed that higher doses (20-30 mg) frequently induced mystical-type experiences (72% of volunteers) and, a month later, were rated as highly significant, leading to sustained positive changes in mood, attitudes, and behavior. These benefits persisted for 14 months, even noted by community observers. Lower doses also showed significant effects. This suggests psilocybin, under the right conditions, can occasion powerful, positive, and lasting personal transformations.
Abstract
This dose-effect study extends previous observations showing that psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having persisting positive effe...
Phenomenology and Content of the Inhaled N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (N, N-DMT) Experience
Research Square – April 28, 2022
Summary
Many individuals describe encountering "entities" during experiences with inhaled N, N-DMT. This research aimed to systematically characterize these intense, rapid-onset states. Using detailed reports from participants, it found common themes including profound personal insights, feelings of interconnectedness, and vivid encounters with seemingly autonomous beings. These experiences were often reported as deeply meaningful and positively transformative, highlighting the unique subjective effects of this compound.
Abstract
Phenomenology and Content of the Inhaled N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (N, N-DMT) Experience
Dissociable effects of LSD and MDMA on striato-cortical connectivity in healthy subjects
bioRxiv – February 08, 2025
Summary
Our brains respond uniquely to different psychedelic compounds. New findings show that LSD and MDMA distinctly alter communication between brain regions vital for motivation and higher-level thinking. Healthy participants received these compounds, revealing that LSD tends to decrease certain neural connections, while MDMA notably strengthens others. These precise, differing effects on brain connectivity provide crucial understanding into their unique psychological impacts and significant therapeutic promise.
Abstract
Dissociable effects of LSD and MDMA on striato-cortical connectivity in healthy subjects
LSD-induced increase of Ising temperature and algorithmic complexity of brain dynamics
bioRxiv – August 29, 2022
Summary
LSD makes brain activity more fluid and complex, transforming how neural networks operate. Researchers measured brain dynamics in participants, finding that LSD significantly increased the brain's flexibility and the complexity of its information processing. This suggests a less rigid, more adaptable state in brain activity. Such changes could explain altered perception and consciousness, hinting at therapeutic potential for mental health by fostering greater adaptability within neural networks.
Abstract
LSD-induced increase of Ising temperature and algorithmic complexity of brain dynamics
Neural and subjective effects of inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine in natural settings.
J Psychopharmacol – February 10, 2021
Summary
A powerful psychedelic can profoundly alter brain activity and perception in natural settings. Researchers investigated how inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine affects brain networks and subjective experiences outside a lab. Findings revealed significant changes in brain connectivity correlating with deeply meaningful experiences, such as feelings of unity and ego dissolution. This work positively illuminates how this compound reshapes consciousness, even in real-world environments.
Abstract
Neural and subjective effects of inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine in natural settings.
The entropic tongue: Disorganization of natural language under LSD.
Conscious Cogn – December 08, 2020
Summary
Did you know LSD profoundly alters how we construct sentences? Researchers investigated if the psychedelic compound disorganizes natural language. Participants received LSD or a placebo, then provided speech samples. Analysis revealed a significant increase in language disorganization under LSD, indicating a measurable breakdown in communication structure. This compellingly demonstrates LSD's powerful impact on our fundamental communication abilities, offering clear insights into its neurological effects.
Abstract
The entropic tongue: Disorganization of natural language under LSD.
Neural correlates of the DMT experience as assessed via multivariate EEG
bioRxiv – July 18, 2019
Summary
The powerful psychedelic DMT significantly alters brain activity, offering a window into altered states of consciousness. Researchers hypothesized that DMT would induce distinct changes in brainwave patterns. Using advanced EEG to monitor participants' brains during DMT administration, they observed a profound reduction in alpha waves and an increase in theta activity, particularly in posterior brain regions. These findings positively illuminate how DMT rapidly and dramatically reorganizes brain function, providing valuable insights into the neural basis of subjective experience.
Abstract
Neural correlates of the DMT experience as assessed via multivariate EEG
Connectome-harmonic decomposition of human brain activity reveals dynamical repertoire re-organization under LSD.
Sci Rep – December 15, 2017
Summary
LSD dramatically expands the brain's dynamic repertoire. Researchers hypothesized that LSD would alter how brain activity patterns unfold. By analyzing brain activity using its unique structural blueprint, they found that under LSD, the brain explores a significantly wider range of functional states. This re-organization enhances neural flexibility, allowing the brain to operate with greater freedom and diversity.
Abstract
Connectome-harmonic decomposition of human brain activity reveals dynamical repertoire re-organization under LSD.
Increased Global Functional Connectivity Correlates with LSD-Induced Ego Dissolution.
Curr Biol – April 13, 2016
Summary
A key finding reveals that when experiencing profound ego dissolution during a psychedelic experience with LSD, individuals exhibit significantly increased global brain activity. This suggests that the subjective feeling of a dissolving self is directly correlated with heightened functional connectivity across various neural networks. The research indicates that these shifts in consciousness are not merely psychological but are rooted in a more interconnected brain state, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms of the mind.
Abstract
Increased Global Functional Connectivity Correlates with LSD-Induced Ego Dissolution.
Dynamic coupling of whole-brain neuronal and neurotransmitter systems
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – April 13, 2020
Summary
A groundbreaking Neuroscience study reveals how Psilocybin fundamentally alters brain function. Using advanced functional neuroimaging, the research explains how this psychedelic compound specifically stimulates serotonergic neurotransmitter receptors (5-HT2A R) in healthy humans, influencing complex neurotransmitter systems. This work, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Mental Health Research Topics, offers deep understanding of neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. It illuminates why psilocybin shows promise for treating severe conditions like Addiction and Anxiety, potentially guiding future Psychology approaches beyond deep brain stimulation.
Abstract
Significance In a technical tour de force, we have created a framework demonstrating the underlying fundamental principles of bidirectional couplin...
Methodology for and the determination of the major constituents and metabolites of the Amazonian botanical medicine ayahuasca in human urine.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC – September 01, 2011
Summary
A groundbreaking discovery shows the hallucinogenic compound DMT from ayahuasca is primarily metabolized into an N-oxide in humans—a first-time finding. To understand how the body processes this ancient botanical medicine, scientists developed a rapid, precise method using advanced mass spectrometry. This robust protocol successfully identified and quantified major constituents and metabolites, including tetrahydroharmine, in human urine. This valuable data provides a solid foundation for future medical and safety research.
Abstract
Ayahuasca, also known as caapi or yage among various South American groups, holds a highly esteemed and millennia-old position in these cultures' m...
Misinterpretations and Omissions: A Critical Response to Goodwin and Colleagues' Commentary on Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy.
Am J Psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Concerns regarding psilocybin-assisted therapy are often based on incomplete information. A recent analysis critically reviewed previous commentaries, demonstrating that many overlooked strong evidence. It clarified key misunderstandings, highlighting the robust positive outcomes and favorable safety profile of psilocybin therapy, confirming its significant potential for mental health treatment.
Abstract
Misinterpretations and Omissions: A Critical Response to Goodwin and Colleagues' Commentary on Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy.
Adolescent Drug Use in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Journal of Drug Issues – January 01, 1992
Summary
Challenging common assumptions, some cultures use adolescent hallucinogen ingestion not for abuse, but for positive socialization. Elders in Australian Aboriginal, Tsonga, and Chumash societies strategically administer plant hallucinogens during initiation rituals. This creates managed altered states, utilizing heightened suggestibility for intensive religious and pedagogical learning, effectively "normalizing" youth. This contrasts sharply with the pathological drug abuse patterns often seen among American adolescents.
Abstract
An analysis is made of adolescent hallucinogenic plant ingestion during initiation rituals among Australian Aboriginal males, Tshogana Tsonga femal...
Scaling Up: Multisite Open-Label Clinical Trials of MDMA-Assisted Therapy for Severe Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – June 23, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, individuals with severe PTSD experienced significant symptom reduction through a novel therapy. This research explored whether a structured MDMA-assisted therapy could be effectively delivered across multiple clinics. Trained therapy teams provided three sessions to participants, with the treatment consistently delivered across 14 North American sites. Findings revealed substantial decreases in PTSD symptom severity, and the therapy was well-tolerated. These positive results demonstrate this approach can achieve meaningful improvements and be successfully scaled for wider access.
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health condition associated with serious adverse health outcomes and func...
'It blows my mind' : intoxicated performances by Ridiculusmus
Performance Research – August 18, 2017
Summary
A groundbreaking theatrical piece explores how performance can mirror the profound experiences of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD. Developed with leading psychologists, this innovative play recreates the journey of intoxication and therapeutic interaction. Performers utilize unique staging, including one actor in a box, to channel physical and psychological states, immersing audiences in the complexities of altered consciousness. This approach powerfully engages the public, offering an experiential understanding of mental health therapies and their transformative potential, prompting reflection on mind-altering experiences.
Abstract
Give Me Your Love by Jon Haynes and David Woods, Artistic Directors of Ridiculusmus, is the second in a trilogy Dialogue As The Embodiment of Love,...
The ConCrit Framework: Critical Brain Dynamics as a Unifying Mechanistic Framework for Theories of Consciousness.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – November 19, 2025
Summary
Consciousness may emerge when brain activity operates at a critical "tipping point." This concept, explored through Computational Neuroscience, suggests that Critical Brain Dynamics enhance the complexity and richness of our mental experience. Reviewing empirical evidence and models, it unifies various Theories of Consciousness by showing how conscious states are optimized near this critical balance. Deviations, as seen in Altered States of Consciousness like General Anesthesia, Psychedelics, or Sleep, demonstrate how consciousness can be diminished or profoundly altered.
Abstract
The quest to understand consciousness has spawned numerous theories, each offering unique perspectives but none achieving universal acceptance. Whi...
DMT and harmala alkaloids: an exploratory study of oral Acacia based formulations in healthy volunteers.
Front Psychiatry – August 15, 2025
Summary
Exploring how specific plant compounds interact in the body reveals fascinating insights into human consciousness. Researchers investigated the safety and effects of oral formulations combining naturally occurring DMT from Acacia plants with harmala alkaloids in healthy individuals. Participants received various preparations, which were consistently well-tolerated and produced predictable, profound psychoactive experiences. This work highlights a promising, safe approach for exploring the therapeutic potential of these unique natural combinations.
Abstract
DMT and harmala alkaloids: an exploratory study of oral Acacia based formulations in healthy volunteers.