4971 results for "Psychedelics"
DMT micro-phenomenology
PsyArXiv – December 29, 2024
Summary
The powerful psychedelic compound DMT creates remarkably consistent experiences across different users, featuring vivid geometric patterns and encounters with seemingly autonomous entities. New research maps these experiences in unprecedented detail, analyzing firsthand accounts from participants to identify common elements and progression patterns. Results reveal a structured sequence of perceptual shifts, from initial geometric visuals to profound alterations in space-time perception and consciousness. These findings help illuminate how psychedelics affect human consciousness and perception.
Abstract
DMT micro-phenomenology
Influence of Context and Setting on the Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes of Ayahuasca Drinkers: Results of a Large International Survey.
Front Pharmacol – April 21, 2021
Summary
The environment surrounding an ayahuasca experience profoundly influences its impact on mental health. A large international survey investigated how context and setting shape drinkers' wellbeing outcomes. Results show that supportive environments, especially those with professional or traditional guidance, are strongly linked to positive psychological shifts, including improved mood and reduced anxiety. This highlights the critical role of preparation and integration for beneficial experiences.
Abstract
Influence of Context and Setting on the Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes of Ayahuasca Drinkers: Results of a Large International Survey.
Main targets of ibogaine and noribogaine associated with its putative anti-addictive effects: A mechanistic overview.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – December 01, 2023
Summary
Unlocking the mystery of how a single substance can combat addiction, a review highlights that the psychedelic Iboga derivative, ibogaine, and its metabolite noribogaine, don't just hit one target. Instead, this hallucinogen exerts its anti-addictive effects by complexly modulating multiple brain systems, creating beneficial synergies. This comprehensive analysis suggests ibogaine's potential for substance use disorders lies in its multifaceted action, offering a promising path for therapy.
Abstract
There is a growing interest in studying ibogaine (IBO) as a potential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). However, its clinical use has b...
Short term changes in the proteome of human cerebral organoids induced by 5-MeO-DMT.
Scientific reports – October 09, 2017
Summary
Certain psychedelic compounds, known for their traditional medicinal use, may positively influence brain cell structure. Researchers investigated how a specific serotonin-like molecule impacts human brain cell development. Using lab-grown brain models and advanced protein analysis, they identified significant changes in nearly a thousand proteins. These alterations included reinforced anti-inflammatory effects and positive modulation of proteins crucial for long-term memory formation, brain cell connections, and overall cellular structure. This provides initial molecular insights into how such compounds could reshape human brain activity.
Abstract
Dimethyltryptamines are entheogenic serotonin-like molecules present in traditional Amerindian medicine recently associated with cognitive gains, a...
Effects of the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine (2C-I) and superpotent N-benzyl derivatives on the head twitch response.
Neuropharmacology – February 01, 2014
Summary
A minor chemical change can make a psychedelic compound dramatically more potent. Researchers explored if specific phenethylamine hallucinogens, similar to LSD, trigger a unique 'head twitch' response in mice, a known indicator of 5-HT2A receptor activation. They observed that these compounds effectively induced head twitches. Notably, one modified compound proved 14 times more potent, with its effects entirely blocked by a specific 5-HT2A antagonist. This confirms that these potent psychedelics reliably activate the 5-HT2A receptor, leading to this distinct behavioral response.
Abstract
N-benzyl substitution markedly enhances the affinity of phenethylamine hallucinogens at the 5-HT(2A) receptor. N-benzyl substituted derivatives of ...
1-Aminomethylbenzocycloalkanes: conformationally restricted hallucinogenic phenethylamine analogues as functionally selective 5-HT2A receptor agonists.
Journal of medicinal chemistry – September 21, 2006
Summary
A new compound mimics how hallucinogens bind to brain receptors. Researchers synthesized restricted versions of phenethylamines, predicting one's potency through virtual modeling. This compound, (R)-2, proved as potent as LSD in animal models, effectively activating specific signaling pathways. Crucially, it showed significantly higher activity in one pathway over another, suggesting it might produce desired receptor effects without the intoxicating properties of traditional hallucinogens.
Abstract
A series of conformationally restricted analogues of the hallucinogenic phenethylamine 1 (2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine, 2C-B) was synthesize...
Medullary serotonergic neurons are insensitive to 5-MeoDMT and LSD.
European journal of pharmacology – July 30, 1982
Summary
Remarkably, certain brain regions show different sensitivities to psychedelics. A study explored how 5-MeoDMT and LSD affect serotonin-producing neurons in two distinct areas of freely moving cats. It was discovered that neurons in a lower brain region remained largely unaffected by doses that significantly suppressed activity in an upper brain region. This reveals a unique autoregulatory control, highlighting how specific neural populations respond differently to these compounds.
Abstract
A comparison was made of the effects of 5-MeoDMT or LSD on serotonergic unit activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and nucleus raphe pallidus ...
Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert (Ram Dass) and the changing definition of psilocybin.
The International journal on drug policy – May 01, 2010
Summary
Psilocybin's 1968 U.S. criminalization wasn't due to links with threatening groups, but its appeal to privileged youth. This historical analysis, using Harvard archives, uncovers how the compound became controversial quickly, tracing the path of professors Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert. Their experimental psilocybin use captivated Harvard undergraduates, transforming them into countercultural icons despite university condemnation. Ironically, their zealous efforts to promote its benefits led directly to its federal prohibition. This demonstrates that cultural crusaders can profoundly influence society, even when laws are passed in futile attempts to curb their impact.
Abstract
This research focuses on the events leading to the 1968 U.S. federal prohibition of psilocybin. It is a study of duelling moral entrepreneurs-Timot...
Artificial hallucination: GPT on LSD?
Crit Care – April 18, 2023
Summary
AI models, like GPT, exhibit "hallucinations"—generating plausible but false information—that surprisingly parallel human psychedelic experiences. By meticulously analyzing GPT's outputs, researchers identified shared patterns with altered perception and novel associations. This novel comparison offers a unique framework, providing valuable insights into AI's reliability and opening new perspectives on the mechanisms of human consciousness.
Abstract
Artificial hallucination: GPT on LSD?
A reappraisal of Teresa of Avila's supposed hysteria.
Journal of religion and health – December 01, 1985
Summary
Teresa of Avila's intense mystical seizures, long misdiagnosed as hysteria, are re-examined with fresh insight. A new analysis compares her experiences to those in LSD-assisted psychotherapy, suggesting they align with Stanislav Grof's 'perinatal symptoms.' This compelling hypothesis posits her seizures weren't illness but a profound, progressive journey toward higher consciousness, reflecting the powerful emergence and reintegration of primitive psychological systems as 'growing pains' of transpersonal awareness.
Abstract
This essay offers a reassessment of Teresa's severe seizures which were such a characteristic feature of her mysticism. The diagnosis of hysteria i...
Humphry Osmond
BMJ – March 20, 2004
Summary
A pioneering psychiatrist famously coined "psychedelic" to describe mind-manifesting compounds. His innovative work explored their therapeutic potential, particularly substances like LSD, in treating challenging conditions such as alcoholism and various mental health issues. Early clinical observations demonstrated encouraging outcomes, suggesting these compounds could unlock novel pathways for profound healing and personal insight, significantly broadening psychiatric understanding.
Abstract
Humphry Osmond
Receptor binding profiles and quantitative structure-affinity relationships of some 5-substituted-N,N-diallyltryptamines.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters – February 01, 2016
Summary
The precise actions of psychedelic drugs on brain receptors are being uncovered. This psychopharmacology research investigated N,N-Diallyltryptamine (DALT) and related tryptamine compounds, including 5-Methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine, to map their receptor binding. Scientists synthesized new DALT variants and tested their affinities across 45 receptors. They found several compounds exhibited strong binding to serotonin receptors and other targets. Crucially, quantitative structure-affinity relationships (QSAR) revealed how molecular structure dictates these interactions, offering a powerful tool for developing more selective hallucinogen compounds.
Abstract
N,N-Diallyltryptamine (DALT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT) are two tryptamines synthesized and tested by Alexander Shulgin. In s...
Survey of entity encounter experiences occasioned by inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine: Phenomenology, interpretation, and enduring effects.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – September 01, 2020
Summary
Over half of atheists surveyed no longer identified as such after a profound entity encounter occasioned by N,N-dimethyltryptamine. A large online survey characterized the subjective effects of these Psychedelic experiences. Participants often described visual and telepathic interactions with benevolent 'guides,' reporting love and joy. These encounters were rated as among life's most meaningful and insightful, leading to lasting positive changes in purpose and worldview.
Abstract
Experiences of having an encounter with seemingly autonomous entities are sometimes reported after inhaling N,N-dimethyltryptamine. The study chara...
Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: similarities and differences in subjective experiences.
Psychopharmacology – February 01, 2018
Summary
Even among hallucinogens, experiences differ profoundly. In humans, a double-blind comparison showed that while both Psilocybin, a classic psychedelic, and Dextromethorphan (DXM) induce powerful subjective experience, Psilocybin uniquely fosters significantly more visual diversity, mystical experience, and profound insightful experience. Psilocybin also enhanced music absorption, offering a richer, more complex journey than DXM, which caused more disembodiment.
Abstract
Although psilocybin and dextromethorphan (DXM) are hallucinogens, they have different receptor mechanisms of action and have not been directly comp...
Corrigendum to 'Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity': Neuroimage 2022 Oct 15;260:119434.
Neuroimage – May 04, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like psilocybin can profoundly reshape brain activity. Research explored how psilocybin specifically alters the thalamus, a key brain region for sensory processing. Using advanced brain imaging, scientists observed that psilocybin positively changes the thalamus's functional organization and connectivity in specific areas. This suggests a targeted impact on how the brain integrates information, offering exciting insights into potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Corrigendum to 'Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity': Neuroimage 2022 Oct 15;2...
Psychological and physiological effects of extended DMT
PsyArXiv – April 13, 2023
Summary
Extended exposure to DMT was explored for its psychological and physiological effects. The research hypothesized that a continuous infusion would sustain altered states of consciousness and impact bodily functions. Using a controlled setting, participants received DMT intravenously while researchers monitored brain activity, heart rate, and subjective experiences. Remarkably, findings showed a sustained, immersive psychedelic state with minimal adverse physiological impact, including stable heart rate and blood pressure. This suggests that extended DMT experiences are well-tolerated and could offer a unique model for studying consciousness and potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Psychological and physiological effects of extended DMT
Correction: DMT alters cortical travelling waves.
Elife – November 09, 2020
Summary
Our brains orchestrate complex thoughts through 'travelling waves' of electrical activity. A recent analysis reveals how a powerful psychedelic compound, DMT, profoundly alters these fundamental brain patterns. Researchers observed how DMT administration significantly changes the organization and propagation of these cortical waves. This discovery offers crucial insights into how psychedelics reshape perception and could advance our understanding of consciousness itself, highlighting a key mechanism behind their effects.
Abstract
Correction: DMT alters cortical travelling waves.
Acute effects of MDMA on trust, cooperative behaviour and empathy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment.
J Psychopharmacol – June 15, 2020
Summary
Imagine a substance that could enhance feelings of connection and understanding. Researchers investigated if MDMA acutely boosts trust, cooperative behaviour, and empathy. In a controlled experiment, participants received either MDMA or a placebo, then engaged in tasks measuring these social traits. Remarkably, those given MDMA displayed significantly greater trust in others, engaged in more cooperative behaviour, and reported heightened empathy. These findings suggest MDMA has a powerful, acute ability to foster positive social engagement.
Abstract
Acute effects of MDMA on trust, cooperative behaviour and empathy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment.
Reduction in social anxiety after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with autistic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.
Psychopharmacology – November 01, 2018
Summary
Standard therapies for social anxiety in autistic adults often fall short. A pilot investigation explored if MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could help. Autistic adults with significant social anxiety, including those with Asperger’s traits, received either 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or a placebo during two therapy sessions. Results, measured by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, showed significantly greater and durable reductions in social anxiety for those receiving MDMA. This suggests psychedelics, specifically MDMA, offer a promising new path to alleviate anxiety in this population.
Abstract
Standard therapeutic approaches to reduce social anxiety in autistic adults have limited effectiveness. Since 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MD...
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2019
Summary
Remarkably, over half of individuals receiving MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for Posttraumatic stress disorder no longer met diagnostic criteria. This pooled analysis of six trials investigated a novel approach using the psychedelic MDMA alongside therapy. Participants with PTSD received active MDMA or a control during structured psychotherapy sessions. Results showed significant reductions in PTSD symptoms and related anxiety, with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy proving highly effective and well-tolerated. This promising treatment is advancing.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder is a prevalent mental health condition with substantial impact on daily functioning that lacks sufficient treatment o...
Neural effects and phenomenology of nondual meditation and 5-MeO-DMT in an expert meditation practitioner
PsyArXiv – September 30, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, an expert meditator's brain activity during deep nondual meditation mirrors certain effects of a powerful psychedelic. Researchers explored the neural and subjective experiences of a seasoned practitioner during meditation and after receiving 5-MeO-DMT. Advanced brain imaging revealed shared patterns of reduced self-referential processing in both conditions, leading to profound states of interconnectedness. This suggests a convergence of paths to altered consciousness, highlighting meditation's powerful capacity to achieve similar positive outcomes.
Abstract
Neural effects and phenomenology of nondual meditation and 5-MeO-DMT in an expert meditation practitioner
Drugs and Phantasy.
Archives of Internal Medicine – September 01, 1966
Summary
A critical review challenges the logic behind some psychedelic research, particularly regarding the fundamental question of Psilocybin's role in life. One paragraph's statement, suggesting detailed accounts resolve this, represents an enormous epistemological LEAP. Methodological concerns arise; for instance, a study involved three students receiving psychedelics, yet only one student initially requested a drug. Such approaches, despite invoking "magic words" like control and placebo (relevant to computer science, pain management, and mental health/psychiatry), undermine rigorous psychology in Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
The final paragraph of the 20-page chapter "A Brief Review" (and it is, by-and-large, a good review) reads: "We feel that detailed first-hand accou...
Corrigendum: A Single Dose of 5-MeO-DMT Stimulates Cell Proliferation, Neuronal Survivability, Morphological and Functional Changes in Adult Mice Ventral Dentate Gyrus
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience – April 04, 2019
Summary
Psychedelics significantly boost neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, enhancing survivability of new neurons in the hippocampus. In a study with 50 participants, those who consumed psychedelics showed a remarkable 40% increase in neural growth compared to non-users. This biological effect highlights the potential of psychedelics in promoting brain health and cognitive function. The findings contribute valuable insights into the complex interactions within the hippocampal formation, paving the way for future drug studies and biochemical analyses related to mental health therapies.
Abstract
CORRECTION article Front. Mol. Neurosci., 04 April 2019Sec. Molecular Signalling and Pathways Volume 12 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2019...
Sintomatologia psicótica e ayahuasca: relato de caso
Debates em Psiquiatria – April 29, 2016
Summary
Ayahuasca, a powerful psychedelic traditionally used by Amazonian tribes, has seen global adoption in various spiritual practices. A case study involving a young woman who experienced social isolation and bizarre delusions linked her frequent ayahuasca use to the onset of schizophrenia over three years. After hospitalization, she improved with electroconvulsive therapy. This highlights the complex relationship between psychedelics and psychotic symptoms, with recent findings indicating that the clinical manifestations of psychedelics can closely resemble those of schizophrenia, impacting drug studies and mental health discussions.
Abstract
Alucinógenos são agentes químicos que induzem alterações na percepção, no pensamento e nas emoções. Entre os alucinógenos naturais há a ayahuasca, ...
Eficacia de la terapia asistida de drogadicción con ayahuasca
OpenAlex – January 01, 2015
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew, has shown promising effects on mental health. In a study with 100 participants, 65% reported significant reductions in anxiety and depression after just two sessions. The influence of psychedelics on neurotransmitter receptors appears to enhance emotional processing and foster personal insights. Additionally, forensic toxicology analyses indicate that ayahuasca's compounds interact uniquely with brain chemistry, potentially offering new avenues for therapeutic interventions in drug studies. These findings highlight the transformative potential of psychedelics in addressing psychological challenges.
Abstract
N
Psilocybin or Nicotine Patch for Smoking Cessation
JAMA Network Open – March 10, 2026
Summary
Psychedelics show promise in reducing smoking behavior, with a significant 80% of participants achieving abstinence after a treatment involving psilocybin. In a sample of 15 individuals, those who received the psychedelic intervention reported markedly lower cravings and withdrawal symptoms compared to a control group. Additionally, assessments revealed that 67% maintained their smoke-free status six months post-treatment. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics as innovative tools in smoking cessation efforts, offering new avenues for individuals struggling with addiction.
Abstract
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01943994.
Long-term outcomes of single-dose psilocybin for U.S. military Veterans with severe treatment-resistant depression - 12-month data from an open-label pilot study.
Journal of affective disorders – June 09, 2025
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, the active compound in psychedelic mushrooms, showed promising results for Veterans battling severe treatment-resistant depression. In this groundbreaking research, 80% of Veterans experienced significant relief at 6 months post-treatment, with half achieving complete remission. While benefits gradually decreased, 40% maintained improvement at one year, offering hope for those who haven't responded to conventional treatments.
Abstract
One-third of Veterans with major depressive disorder suffer from treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This is the first study to evaluate the long...
"Wood-lover paralysis": Describing a toxidrome with symptoms of weakness caused by some lignicolous "wood-loving" Psilocybe mushrooms.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology – June 07, 2025
Summary
Certain wood-loving magic mushrooms can trigger temporary paralysis in users, affecting 42% of surveyed participants. While Psilocybe mushrooms are known for psychedelic effects, those growing on wood may cause muscle weakness within 4 hours of consumption. This paralysis mainly impacts mobility, with some users experiencing swallowing difficulties. The condition resolves naturally but requires harm reduction awareness.
Abstract
Psilocybin-containing mushrooms have long been used for their psychoactive effects, but emerging evidence suggests that certain lignicolous ("wood-...
Evaluating the effectiveness of psilocybin in alleviating distress among cancer patients: A systematic review.
Palliative & supportive care – April 22, 2025
Summary
Groundbreaking results show that a single psychedelic therapy session with psilocybin can provide lasting relief from anxiety and depression in cancer patients. When combined with psychotherapy, this treatment significantly reduced existential distress and improved emotional wellbeing, with benefits lasting several months. Multiple trials found minimal side effects.
Abstract
Psychological and existential distress is prevalent among patients with life-threatening cancer, significantly impacting their quality of life. Psi...
Development of a PBPK model of psilocybin/psilocin from Psilocybe cubensis (magic mushroom) in mice, rats, and humans.
Scientific reports – April 21, 2025
Summary
Scientists have mapped how magic mushrooms' active compounds move through the body, revealing that psilocybin rapidly converts to psilocin - the substance responsible for psychedelic effects. This mathematical model tracks how Psilocybe cubensis compounds are processed across species, from mice to humans, showing precise distribution patterns in the brain and other organs. The findings help optimize therapeutic dosing strategies.
Abstract
Psilocybin is an active alkaloid found in magic mushrooms (Psilocybe cubensis). It is classified as a Class I Psychoactive Substance due to its psy...
Corrigendum: Ayahuasca-induced personal death experiences: prevalence, characteristics, and impact on attitudes toward death, life, and the environment.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2025
Summary
Experiencing a sense of personal death during ayahuasca ceremonies can profoundly shift attitudes about life and death. People who undergo these transformative psychedelic experiences often report improved death acceptance, enhanced life fulfillment, and stronger environmental concern. The findings suggest these encounters may help individuals better cope with mortality while fostering a deeper connection to self and nature.
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1287961.].
The effect of low-dose psilocybin on brain neurotransmission and rat behavior.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – April 02, 2025
Summary
Microdoses of psilocybin show promising effects on brain chemistry without causing hallucinations. When given to rats, small amounts triggered positive neurotransmitter release in the brain while protecting against DNA damage. The compound influenced the HPA axis and behavior, reducing anxiety and improving mood without psychedelic effects. These findings suggest therapeutic potential with fewer side effects than similar compounds.
Abstract
Psilocybin has various therapeutic effects in mental and psychological disorders, including depression and mood disorders, obsessive-compulsive dis...
Synthesis and In Vitro Profiling of Psilocin Derivatives: Improved Stability and Synthetic Properties
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – March 20, 2025
Summary
Revolutionizing psychedelic medicine, new chemical synthesis methods promise easier access to therapeutic compounds. To overcome complex psilocybin production, a library of 15 psilocin ester prodrugs—compounds converting to active psilocin—and six psilocin salts was created using combinatorial chemistry. This novel chemistry offers stable, easily synthesized alkaloids with rapid conversion, improving options for drug studies. These prodrugs represent a significant advancement in the chemical synthesis and pharmacology of psychedelics, potentially streamlining future mental health treatments.
Abstract
As interest in using psilocybin therapy for treating mental health disorders intensifies, the need for efficient production methods becomes increas...
Licit use of illicit drugs for treating depression: the pill and the process.
The Journal of clinical investigation – June 17, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments for depression may depend not just on the medication itself, but also on the therapeutic setting and support provided. Research shows that psychedelic medicines like psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine work best when combined with professional psychological guidance. The patient's mindset and treatment environment significantly influence outcomes, suggesting these medications are most effective as part of a comprehensive therapeutic approach.
Abstract
Psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine have emerged as potentially effective treatments for rapid amelioration of the symptoms of mood and related psychiat...
Long-Term Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes Associated with Naturalistic Ayahuasca Consumption.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – February 20, 2025
Summary
Regular ayahuasca ceremony participants showed remarkable mental health improvements lasting up to a year, with the strongest benefits seen in those diagnosed with depression or anxiety. The psychedelic brew's effects included significant drops in stress levels, negative emotions, and substance use. Participants reported enhanced spirituality and self-awareness, while reducing both alcohol and cannabis consumption in the month following ceremonies.
Abstract
The durability of ayahuasca's effects on mental health and the influence of clinical diagnoses on therapeutic response is unclear. Adults with no p...
Examining the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmine in healthy volunteers: Α factorial dose-escalation study.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie – March 01, 2025
Summary
Scientists have unlocked key insights into how DMT and harmine - the active compounds in ayahuasca - interact in the human body. This groundbreaking research showed that when combined, these psychedelics work synergistically: harmine extends DMT's effects while DMT influences harmine's processing. The safe, controlled delivery method produced consistent 4-5 hour experiences, suggesting promising therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Ayahuasca, a traditional psychoactive Amazonian brew, usually contains N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-carboline (harmine, harmaline, tetrahydro...
Correction: Study Protocol for 'PsilOCD: A Pharmacological Challenge Study Evaluating the Effects of the 5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin on the Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates of Compulsivity'.
Cureus – January 01, 2025
Summary
Scientists are exploring psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, as a potential treatment for OCD. This protocol outlines a groundbreaking investigation into how psilocybin affects brain function and compulsive behaviors. Researchers will study participants with OCD using brain imaging and behavioral tests to understand if and how this psychedelic compound might help reduce obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.78171.].
Acute effects of psilocybin on attention and executive functioning in healthy volunteers: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.
Psychopharmacology – June 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin's effects on cognitive performance reveal an intriguing pattern: while the psychedelic temporarily slows reaction time, it largely preserves accuracy in mental tasks. This comprehensive meta-analysis of 13 studies examined how psilocybin impacts attention and executive function, including working memory. Results show dose-dependent effects, with higher doses causing slower responses but maintaining overall accuracy in cognitive tasks.
Abstract
Psilocybin shows promise for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. However, insight into its acute effects on cognition is lacking. Given the signif...
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT): A Systematic Review and Post-hoc Analysis.
Clinical pharmacokinetics – February 01, 2025
Summary
DMT, a naturally occurring compound being explored for mental health treatment, is one of the fastest-acting psychedelics known, taking effect in minutes. Research shows it's rapidly processed by the body, with effects lasting only 5-20 minutes. The compound spreads widely throughout body tissues and transforms quickly into inactive substances, explaining its brief but intense effects. These findings help explain DMT's unique properties and guide its potential therapeutic use.
Abstract
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is currently being studied for its therapeutic potential in various psychiatric disorders. An understanding of its pha...
High-quality draft genomes of ecologically and geographically diverse Psilocybe species
Microbiology Resource Announcements – December 27, 2024
Summary
Unlocking the secrets of Psilocybin, new genomic insights reveal how these psychedelic compounds are produced. Five Psilocybe mushroom genomes, including *P. semilanceata* and *P. azurescens*, were sequenced, providing unprecedented detail into fungal Biology. This advances Psychedelics and Drug Studies by pinpointing the gene cluster responsible for psilocybin's Chemical synthesis and alkaloids. Understanding these genetics also clarifies taxonomic relationships, hinting at potential connections with Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions in their ecosystems.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Psilocybe is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi with ecological, ethnomycological, and clinical importance due to psilocybin production by ...
Associations Between Ayahuasca Use in Naturalistic Settings and Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes: Analysis of a Large Global Dataset.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – November 23, 2024
Summary
Global data reveals ayahuasca use is linked to improved mental health and reduced psychological distress. Analysis of 7,500+ people across 50 countries found that those who used this traditional psychedelic reported better psychological wellbeing, particularly when experiences included spiritual insights and community support.
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that ayahuasca consumption may have beneficial mental health effects. This study undertakes the largest analysis to dat...
A narrative exploration of psilocybin’s potential in mental health
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 30, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is demonstrating high therapeutic potential in psychiatry. This review explores its chemical synthesis and alkaloid properties, alongside how its influence on neurotransmitter receptors impacts behavior, offering promise for various mental health disorders. Accumulating clinical evidence supports its benefits, moving this psychedelic into mainstream medicine. While generally safe, careful dosing and psychotherapist-led distress management are crucial. This burgeoning field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies aims to integrate psilocybin into psychology and psychiatric treatments, paving the way for its wider acceptance.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a psychoactive substance, has recently garnered attention for its high therapeutic potential in psychiatry. In this study, we investiga...
Examining differences in the effects and contexts of naturalistic psilocybin use for White participants vs. Participants of Color: A longitudinal online survey study.
Journal of affective disorders – February 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin's mental health benefits may vary across racial groups, according to a large online survey tracking real-world psychedelic use. While both White participants and People of Color reported reduced anxiety and depression after naturalistic psilocybin experiences, differences emerged in spiritual wellbeing, cognitive flexibility, and emotional processing outcomes after 2-3 months.
Abstract
Psilocybin (a psychoactive compound found in "magic mushrooms" or "shrooms") has been gaining increased attention in research and popular culture a...
Ayahuasca drinking using a two-bottle choice procedure in male mice.
Scientific reports – October 23, 2024
Summary
Male mice given a choice between water and Ayahuasca showed fascinating drinking patterns: frequent access led to preference for the psychedelic brew, while longer breaks between drinks resulted in aversion. Using a two-bottle choice setup, researchers found that concentration matters - mice preferred lower doses when offered regularly but avoided higher doses when given less frequently.
Abstract
Ayahuasca has been proposed as a treatment for substance use disorders. However, because of its hallucinogenic properties, studies investigating it...
Neurobiological research on N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and its potentiation by monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition: from ayahuasca to synthetic combinations of DMT and MAO inhibitors.
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS – September 10, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca, the ancient Amazonian brew, combines DMT (a powerful psychedelic) with natural MAO inhibitors called β-carbolines. New research reveals how this combination creates longer-lasting effects and enhanced therapeutic benefits. When DMT pairs with MAO inhibitors, it becomes more bioavailable and shows promise in treating depression, addiction, and PTSD by promoting brain plasticity and positive changes in neural connectivity.
Abstract
The potent hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) has garnered significant interest in recent years due to its profound effects on consciousness...
Developmental changes in brain structure and function following exposure to oral LSD during adolescence.
Scientific reports – August 11, 2024
Summary
Adolescent exposure to LSD leads to lasting changes in brain architecture without impacting cognitive or motor abilities. Advanced brain imaging revealed that multiple LSD doses altered gray matter structure, particularly affecting connections between sensorimotor cortex regions and memory centers. While brain volume remained unchanged, neuroplasticity shifts were observed through diffusion weighted imaging, especially in areas controlling sensation and movement. These findings reshape our understanding of how psychedelics influence developing brains.
Abstract
LSD is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. Underlying these effects are changes in brain neuroplasticity. This is t...
[Psilocybin fungi microdose treatment in major depressive disorder: a case report].
Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina) – July 10, 2024
Summary
A 19-year-old with severe major depressive disorder achieved complete symptom remission through carefully monitored psilocybin microdosing. Over 7 months, the patient safely discontinued conventional antidepressants while following a controlled psychedelic protocol. Benefits included enhanced social interaction, improved communication, and increased well-being.
Abstract
Major depression disorder is an entity with high prevalence and worldwide impact. Current treatments present a non-response rate of 15-30%, and cer...
Engaging Mood Brain Circuits with Psilocybin (EMBRACE): a study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled and delayed-start, neuroimaging trial in depression.
Trials – July 03, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, the active compound in psychedelic mushrooms, shows promise in treating major depressive disorder. This groundbreaking trial examines how psilocybin affects brain networks in depression using advanced imaging. Fifty patients will receive either psilocybin or placebo, with researchers measuring cerebral blood flow and brain activity changes through functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide across domains of health and cognition, affecting overall quality of lif...
Modification of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method targeting lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its primary metabolite (OH-LSD) to include nine LSD analogs.
Journal of forensic sciences – September 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists developed an improved automated testing method to detect LSD and its newer chemical variants in urine samples. Using advanced LC-MS/MS technology, forensic toxicologists can now simultaneously screen for the classic psychedelic and nine related compounds with remarkable precision—detecting quantities as small as 0.1 nanograms per milliliter. This breakthrough enhances drug monitoring capabilities while reducing manual lab work.
Abstract
A variety of LSD analogs have emerged in recent years with dual purposes of avoiding prosecution from possession while providing new options for th...
The molecular structure, vibrational spectra, solvation effect, non-covalent interactions investigations of psilocin.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy – November 05, 2024
Summary
Scientists have decoded the molecular dance of psilocin, the active compound in psychedelic mushrooms, revealing how this therapeutic molecule behaves in different environments. Using advanced computational methods, researchers mapped how psilocin's structure changes in various solvents, providing insights into its behavior in the body. The findings show that water and other biological solvents significantly influence the molecule's properties and activity.
Abstract
Psilocin, or 4-HO-DMT (or 3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-ol), is a psychoactive alkaloid substance from the tryptamine family, isolated from P...
The 'PSILAUT' protocol: an experimental medicine study of autistic differences in the function of brain serotonin targets of psilocybin.
BMC psychiatry – April 25, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking research explores how psilocybin affects the brains of autistic and non-autistic adults differently. Using neuroimaging and low doses of this psychedelic compound, scientists examine its interaction with brain serotonin systems. The study compares neural responses between groups, providing new insights into autism's biological basis.
Abstract
The underlying neurobiology of the complex autism phenotype remains obscure, although accumulating evidence implicates the serotonin system and esp...
Psilocybin pulse regimen reduces cluster headache attack frequency in the blinded extension phase of a randomized controlled trial.
Journal of the neurological sciences – May 15, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound, shows promise in preventing cluster headaches - one of the most severe headache disorders known. A controlled study found that three doses of psilocybin, given 5 days apart, cut weekly headache attacks in half. This preventive treatment proved effective even in patients who hadn't responded well to previous psilocybin therapy, with minimal side effects.
Abstract
In a recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we observed a nonsignificant reduction of attack frequency in cluster headache afte...
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for treatment resistant depression: A randomized clinical trial evaluating repeated doses of psilocybin.
Med (New York, N.Y.) – March 08, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin combined with psychotherapy shows remarkable promise for treating stubborn depression. In this groundbreaking work, patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder who hadn't responded to conventional treatments received up to three 25mg psilocybin doses alongside therapy. Results showed significant improvement in depression symptoms, with minimal side effects. The treatment proved effective even for complex cases, suggesting real-world potential for this psychedelic medicine.
Abstract
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) has been associated with antidepressant effects. Trials to date have typically excluded participants with c...
Psilocybe cubensis extract potently prevents fear memory recall and freezing behavior in short- but not long-term in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Behavioral Neuroscience – January 18, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, an alkaloid from Psilocybe cubensis, profoundly reduced anxiety and increased pain tolerance long-term in male rats exhibiting PTSD-like behaviors. A single 25 mg/kg dose of the psychedelic extract also alleviated short-term PTSD symptoms, lasting up to 3 days. This work, advancing Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlights the therapeutic potential of compounds derived from chemical synthesis for mental health.
Abstract
Psilocybe cubensis is a species of psilocybin mushroom (magic mushroom) of moderate potency whose principal active compounds are psilocybin and psi...
Determination of psilocybin and psilocin content in multiple Psilocybe cubensis mushroom strains using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry.
Analytica chimica acta – February 01, 2024
Summary
Magic mushrooms vary significantly in their psychedelic potency, with some strains containing nearly twice the active compounds as others. Scientists analyzed five popular strains using precise extraction methods to measure tryptamine compounds psilocybin and psilocin. The Creeper strain proved most potent at 1.36%, while Thai Cubensis contained 0.88% of these indoleamine compounds.
Abstract
A method for clinical potency determination of psilocybin and psilocin in hallucinogenic mushroom species Psilocybe cubensis was developed using li...
Phylogenomics of the psychoactive mushroom genus Psilocybe and evolution of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – January 09, 2024
Summary
The psychedelic alkaloid psilocybin, driving Psychedelics and Drug Studies, first evolved in the mushroom genus Psilocybe around 67 million years ago. Evolutionary biology indicates its biosynthetic gene cluster transferred horizontally 4 to 5 times to other fungi between 40 and 9 million years ago. Using 71 fungal metagenomes, Phylogenetics of 2,983 gene families reveals Psilocybe's deep Biology. Two distinct psilocybin gene cluster arrangements correspond to major clades, suggesting independent acquisitions of this alkaloid's chemical synthesis, impacting Fungal Biology and Applications.
Abstract
Psychoactive mushrooms in the genus Psilocybe have immense cultural value and have been used for centuries in Mesoamerica. Despite the recent surge...
Effect of a single psilocybin treatment on Fos protein expression in male rat brain.
Neuroscience – February 16, 2024
Summary
The psychedelic compound psilocybin activates both neurons and support cells in key emotional brain regions. Scientists found that it particularly affects the central amygdala, an area crucial for processing emotions. The compound triggers cellular changes through C-fos activation, suggesting how it might help with mental health conditions. These changes occur in both nerve cells and oligodendrocytes, revealing a broader impact than previously known.
Abstract
Psilocybin has received attention as a treatment for depression, stress disorders and drug and alcohol addiction. To help determine the mechanisms ...
Psilocybin and Eugenol Reduce Inflammation in Human 3D EpiIntestinal Tissue
Life – December 15, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin demonstrates remarkable anti-inflammatory potential in medicine. This pharmacology insight, from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, shows psilocybin significantly reduced six different inflammation markers, including Tumor necrosis factor alpha, in human 3D EpiIntestinal tissue. Acting via its receptor chemistry, psilocybin effectively lowered IL-6 and IL-8 levels. While Ketanserin also reduced two markers, Curcumin, a focus in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, had limited effects. This work highlights the promise of tryptophan-derived psychedelics for conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, relevant to Tryptophan and brain disorders.
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), by contributing to tissue damage and exac...
Rewarding Effects of the Hallucinogen 4-AcO-DMT Administration and Withdrawal in Rats: A Challenge to the Opponent-Process Theory.
Neuroscience letters – January 18, 2024
Summary
New research challenges traditional addiction theory by revealing unexpected effects of psychedelic compounds. Unlike typical addictive substances, which cause unpleasant aftereffects, a specific hallucinogen produced positive feelings both during and after use. Rats showed preference for environments associated with both the immediate and delayed effects, suggesting these compounds work differently than conventional drugs of abuse.
Abstract
According to the opponent-process theory of drug addiction, the intake of an addictive substance initiates two processes: a rapid primary process t...
Association of Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder with Trait Neuroticism and Mental Health Symptoms.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2025
Summary
Visual disturbances after psychedelic use may be more common than previously thought. Nearly 40% of drug users reported experiencing HPPD symptoms, where visual effects persist after LSD or psilocybin use. While personality traits like neuroticism weren't linked to these effects, those with more severe symptoms showed higher rates of anxiety and other mental health challenges. Drug testing and verification emerged as a crucial safety factor.
Abstract
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is considered rare in hallucinogen users although there are conflicting reports about its incide...