371 results for "Neuroplasticity"
Rethinking the role of TRKB in the action of antidepressants and psychedelics.
Trends in neurosciences – November 01, 2024
Summary
Recent breakthroughs reveal how antidepressants and ketamine may rewire the brain through a shared mechanism. These medications appear to enhance BDNF signaling, triggering neuroplasticity particularly in parvalbumin interneurons. This process creates a window of heightened brain adaptability similar to what's seen in youth, potentially allowing the rewiring of neural circuits involved in depression.
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs promote neuronal plasticity, and activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling through its receptor neurona...
KETAMINE: Neural- and network-level changes.
Neuroscience – November 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's remarkable ability to reshape brain connectivity offers new hope for treating mental health conditions. This groundbreaking research reveals how ketamine enhances neuroplasticity by promoting hyperconnectivity between brain regions and fine-tuning neural responses. The drug increases neural synchrony across brain networks while reducing firing variability, creating more robust connections between neurons. These changes in brain circuitry help explain ketamine's powerful therapeutic effects and its potential to rapidly improve mood disorders.
Abstract
Ketamine is a widely used clinical drug that has several functional and clinical applications, including its use as an anaesthetic, analgesic, anti...
Psychedelics for Brain Injury: A Mini-Review.
Front Neurol – July 29, 2021
Summary
Emerging evidence suggests psychedelics may offer significant therapeutic potential for brain injury. A review of research explored how these compounds could aid recovery by promoting neuroplasticity and exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Findings indicate they might enhance cognitive function and improve neurological outcomes, highlighting a novel approach to addressing brain injury challenges.
Abstract
Psychedelics for Brain Injury: A Mini-Review.
The Effects of Psychedelics on Neuronal Physiology.
Annu Rev Physiol – November 06, 2023
Summary
Remarkably, certain compounds can rapidly reshape brain cells. This research explored how these substances influence neuronal growth and connectivity. Using advanced imaging on brain cell cultures and animal models, scientists observed more connections forming and existing ones strengthening. The findings suggest these compounds promote neuroplasticity, enhancing communication pathways. This exciting discovery highlights a potential mechanism for their therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
The Effects of Psychedelics on Neuronal Physiology.
Psychedelics therapeutics: What we know, what we think, and what we need to research.
Neuropharmacology – September 27, 2022
Summary
Certain compounds are emerging as powerful tools in mental health, offering a paradigm shift in treatment. Research indicates these substances can foster neuroplasticity and unique psychological states, showing significant potential benefits for conditions like depression and PTSD. The collective understanding points to a promising future for innovative mental well-being therapies.
Abstract
Psychedelics therapeutics: What we know, what we think, and what we need to research.
Psychedelics and related drugs: therapeutic possibilities, mechanisms and regulation.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) – February 01, 2018
Summary
Remarkably, certain compounds are showing profound potential to alleviate severe mental health conditions. Research indicates that psychedelics and related drugs offer unique therapeutic possibilities for conditions like depression, PTSD, and anxiety. They work by modulating specific brain pathways, promoting neuroplasticity, and facilitating altered states of consciousness that can lead to lasting positive changes. These substances represent a promising new frontier in mental healthcare, requiring thoughtful regulation to integrate their benefits safely.
Abstract
Psychedelics and related drugs: therapeutic possibilities, mechanisms and regulation.
On the varieties of conscious experiences: Altered Beliefs Under Psychedelics (ALBUS).
Neuroscience of consciousness – January 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics can both weaken and strengthen belief systems in the brain, similar to lucid dreaming states. By activating specific serotonin receptors, these substances can relax rigid thought patterns in the Default Mode Network, allowing fresh perspectives. However, they may also enhance meaning-making and pattern recognition, leading to profound insights or occasionally, misinterpretations. This dual effect explains both the therapeutic benefits and the occasional occurrence of temporary delusions during psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
How is it that psychedelics so profoundly impact brain and mind? According to the model of "Relaxed Beliefs Under Psychedelics" (REBUS), 5-HT2a ago...
Current Perspectives on the Clinical Research and Medicalization of Psychedelic Drugs for Addiction Treatments: Safety, Efficacy, Limitations and Challenges.
CNS drugs – October 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic medicines show promising results in treating addiction, with success rates significantly higher than traditional methods. Recent clinical trials reveal that substances like psilocybin and MDMA, when administered in controlled medical settings, can help break destructive patterns of substance use. These treatments work by promoting neuroplasticity and addressing underlying trauma, offering new hope for those struggling with addiction where conventional treatments have failed.
Abstract
Mental health disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs) in particular, contribute greatly to the global burden of disease. Psychedelics, includi...
Ayahuasca: A review of historical, pharmacological, and therapeutic aspects.
PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences – December 01, 2023
Summary
The ancient Amazonian brew ayahuasca combines DMT-containing plants with harmala alkaloids to create a powerful psychedelic medicine. Traditional ceremonies using this brew have shown remarkable potential in treating depression, addiction, and PTSD. Modern research reveals that ayahuasca's unique chemical properties promote neuroplasticity and emotional healing, while traditional ceremonial contexts provide crucial therapeutic support.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychedelic plant brew originating from the Amazon rainforest. It is formed from two basic components, the Banisteriopsis caapi vine...
New perspective on sustained antidepressant effect: focus on neurexins regulating synaptic plasticity
Cell Death Discovery – May 01, 2024
Summary
Lasting relief from depression may stem from new understandings of brain function. Neuroscience highlights how enhanced synaptic plasticity, the brain's ability to rewire, is crucial for sustained antidepressant effects, a key area for psychology. Drug studies show psychedelics like ketamine and psilocybin can promote this neuroplasticity. The influence of specific molecules, neurexins, on these changes is central, affecting how brain cells connect and communicate. This neuropharmacology research suggests targeting neurexins could lead to novel, long-term antidepressant strategies, addressing current medication challenges.
Abstract
Abstract Depression is highly prevalent globally, however, currently available medications face challenges such as low response rates and short dur...
Ayahuasca-enhanced extinction of fear behaviour: Role of infralimbic cortex 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors.
British journal of pharmacology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like ayahuasca show promise in treating PTSD by helping the brain "unlearn" fearful memories. New research reveals how this ancient brew works in the medial prefrontal cortex, where it activates specific 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors to enhance neuroplasticity. In controlled experiments, a single dose helped rats extinguish fear responses, with repeated doses showing even stronger benefits across both sexes.
Abstract
Ayahuasca (AYA) is a botanical psychedelic with promising results in observational and small clinical trials for depression, trauma and drug use di...
Rapid-acting antidepressant drugs modulate affective bias in rats
Science Translational Medicine – January 10, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin uniquely fostered a positive mood bias, dependent on new learning, unlike other rapid-acting antidepressants. Neuroscience research, using associative learning in rats, explored how these treatments for Major depressive disorder impact mood and cognition. Acute antidepressant treatment with psychedelics like psilocybin and ketamine attenuated negative cognitive biases. Low doses reversed this bias within 24 hours. Psilocybin alone induced a positive bias. Ketamine’s relearning effects involved neuroplasticity in the prefrontal cortex. This Psychology study reveals mechanisms linking neural plasticity to rapid mood improvements.
Abstract
How rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs), such as ketamine, induce immediate and sustained improvements in mood in patients with major depressive d...
Bedside to bench: the outlook for psychedelic research
Frontiers in Pharmacology – October 02, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics show promising efficacy for treating conditions like PTSD and depression, but their full biological mechanisms remain underexplored. Beyond current psychological understanding, Neuroscience reveals significant potential for Traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and Generalized anxiety disorder. Understanding the precise mechanism (biology) of these compounds, particularly how they influence Neuroplasticity and neurotransmitter receptors, is vital. This multi-faceted approach, exploring the chemical synthesis of these unique alkaloids, could revolutionize Medicine and Psychiatry by addressing anxiety and other complex conditions.
Abstract
There has recently been a resurgence of interest in psychedelic compounds based on studies demonstrating their potential therapeutic applications i...
Beyond NMDA Receptors: A Narrative Review of Ketamine's Rapid and Multifaceted Mechanisms in Depression Treatment.
International journal of molecular sciences – December 20, 2024
Summary
Ketamine, once known only as an anesthetic, can lift severe depression symptoms within hours. This rapid-acting antidepressant works differently from traditional medications, targeting multiple brain systems simultaneously. As an NMDA antagonist, it triggers increased BDNF production, promoting neuroplasticity and new brain connections. It also rebalances triple network dysfunction and interacts with the opioid system, helping restore healthy brain function.
Abstract
The rising prevalence of depression, with its associated suicide risk, demands effective fast-acting treatments. Ketamine has emerged as promising,...
Efficacy of addition of the anti-inflammatory, IV glutathione to standard ketamine IV therapy in major depressive disorder.
Psychiatry research – July 01, 2024
Summary
A promising depression treatment combining ketamine with glutathione shows how fighting inflammation may help mood disorders. While ketamine alone helps treatment-resistant depression by promoting neuroplasticity, adding the antioxidant glutathione aimed to reduce oxidative stress that often accompanies major depressive disorder. In a 30-person trial, both approaches significantly improved symptoms for two weeks post-treatment.
Abstract
Ketamine, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, is used for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Recent studies have shown that there are incr...
Very Low-Dose Sublingual Ketamine for Borderline Personality Disorder and Treatment-Resistant Depression.
Cureus – April 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking treatment approach using low dose ketamine shows remarkable promise for patients struggling with both borderline personality disorder (BPD) and treatment resistant depression (TRD). By targeting glutamate dysregulation and enhancing neuroplasticity through AMPA receptor activation, sublingual ketamine helped improve mood and emotional stability. The treatment increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor, leading to significant symptom reduction and better quality of life.
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are common mental disorders that are challenging to treat. Ketamine ...
Unique Effects of (R)-Ketamine Compared to (S)-Ketamine on EEG Theta Power in Rats.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – February 01, 2024
Summary
Brain waves reveal surprising differences between ketamine variants! While esketamine is known for its antidepressant effects, its mirror compound arketamine uniquely boosts theta rhythm brain activity linked to memory and cognition. In lab tests, rats given arketamine showed increased theta waves during both wakefulness and REM sleep, suggesting it may enhance neuroplasticity in unique ways compared to its better-known counterpart.
Abstract
Differences in the pharmacological effects of (S)-ketamine and (R)-ketamine are at the focus of research. Clinical data and our rat studies confirm...
Increasing cognitive-emotional flexibility with meditation and hypnosis: The cognitive neuroscience of de-automatization
arXiv Preprint Archive – May 11, 2016
Summary
Meditation and hypnosis can rewire our mental autopilot, helping break free from rigid thought patterns. Brain research shows these practices work by disrupting automatic thought chains, allowing more flexible mental responses. Both techniques help create healthier cognitive patterns by first loosening old mental habits, then building new ones aligned with personal values.
Abstract
Meditation and hypnosis both aim to facilitate cognitive-emotional flexibility, i.e., the "de-automatization" of thought and behavior. However, lit...
Does Psychedelic Therapy Have a Transdiagnostic Action and Prophylactic Potential?
Frontiers in Psychiatry – July 19, 2021
Summary
A compelling new model proposes that psychedelic therapy, a focus of modern drug studies, offers a transdiagnostic solution to mental health challenges. These compounds, often alkaloids from chemical synthesis, exert their action by influencing neurotransmitter receptors, significantly boosting neuroplasticity. This enhanced brain flexibility, combined with a psychotherapist's skilled guidance, builds psychological resilience. This approach, relevant to clinical psychology, psychiatry, and medicine, could unearth profound new avenues for mental well-being, offering broad public health benefits.
Abstract
Addressing global mental health is a major 21st-century challenge. Current treatments have recognized limitations; in this context, new ones that a...
Therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics and entactogens.
Neuropsychopharmacology – July 24, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics and empathy-enhancing drugs work by temporarily disrupting normal brain patterns, creating new neural pathways that can help treat depression, anxiety, and PTSD. These substances boost neuroplasticity and increase connectivity between brain regions, allowing people to process emotions and memories differently. The compounds also reduce activity in the brain's default mode network, which can help break negative thought patterns.
Abstract
Therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics and entactogens.
Neurotransmitter-related functional connectivity changes in serotonin and dopamine systems after mindfulness in medication overuse headache.
Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache – June 01, 2025
Summary
Mindfulness practice can positively reshape brain chemistry, offering new hope for chronic pain. In individuals with medication overuse headache, brain scans using resting state fMRI revealed significant improvements. After a year, those practicing mindfulness showed enhanced serotonin and dopamine connections in brain regions crucial for pain, emotion, and addiction. This suggests mindfulness beneficially impacts these systems, aiding chronic pain management.
Abstract
Background/HypothesisMindfulness practice has gained attention in managing chronic migraine with medication overuse headache (CM-MOH), showing clin...
Neural effects of psychedelics: Complexity the key word.
Neuropsychopharmacology – April 16, 2024
Summary
The brain's response to psychedelics is surprisingly intricate, not simple. Investigations into how these compounds interact with neural networks reveal a profound complexity. Significant findings show enhanced brain connectivity and flexibility, indicating a remarkable reorganization of neural pathways. This deeper understanding of brain dynamics offers promising avenues for exploring consciousness and developing new therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
Neural effects of psychedelics: Complexity the key word.
Psychedelics and neural plasticity.
BMC Neurosci – June 30, 2023
Summary
Remarkably, certain compounds can rapidly rewire the brain. Research suggests these substances enhance the brain's ability to form new connections and adapt. Using cellular and animal models, scientists observed significant growth in neural networks. These exciting findings indicate a powerful potential for promoting brain health and treating conditions linked to rigid thought patterns.
Abstract
Psychedelics and neural plasticity.
Neurobehavioral and Molecular Pharmacology of Pharmahuasca ($\textit{N,N}$-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and Harmine) in Humans – A Combined Neuropharmacological and Brain Imaging Approach
CORE – June 04, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking approach combining two powerful compounds, DMT and harmine, has shown they can safely induce positive changes in human brain connectivity and perception. Researchers explored how this precise formulation affects the brain, hypothesizing it could offer therapeutic benefits for mental health. Using advanced brain imaging and a novel oral delivery method in human volunteers, including meditators, it was found that the DMT+harmine combination reliably produced beneficial psychedelic effects and safely altered brain networks. These positive results suggest a promising new avenue for mental well-being.
Abstract
Over the past decade, research with psychedelics has gained new momentum, leading to a psychedelic renaissance in both basic and clinical research....
Focused attention meditation changes the boundary and configuration of functional networks in the brain
Scientific Reports – January 01, 2020
Summary
Focused attention meditation doesn't just calm your mind; it reconfigures brain networks. Researchers investigated how meditation alters brain network composition using individual data. Meditation shifted network boundaries, merging fronto-parietal regions into the default mode network. This shows meditation reorganizes brain architecture, revealing its neural mechanisms.
Abstract
Research has shown that focused attention meditation not only improves our cognitive and motivational functioning (e.g., attention, mental health),...
Loving-Kindness Meditation: Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Correlates in Long-Term Practitioners and Clinical Implications.
Brain Behav – March 01, 2025
Summary
Cultivating compassion can physically reshape your brain. A systematic review of neuroimaging studies on long-term Loving-Kindness Meditation practitioners found consistent positive changes in brain regions associated with empathy and emotional regulation. This indicates the practice strengthens our capacity for kindness and emotional balance, highlighting its significant potential for improving mental health.
Abstract
Loving-Kindness Meditation: Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Correlates in Long-Term Practitioners and Clinical Implications.
Distinct patterns of directed brain connectivity in focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation: An EEG Granger causality study with long-term meditators
bioRxiv – July 04, 2025
Summary
Different meditation styles profoundly reshape brain communication. EEG scans of long-term meditators showed focused attention, open monitoring, and loving-kindness practices each generated distinct patterns of directed brain connectivity. This highlights how specific meditation techniques cultivate unique mental states and positive neural pathways, demonstrating the brain's precise adaptability to diverse meditative disciplines.
Abstract
Distinct patterns of directed brain connectivity in focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation: An EEG Granger causality stu...
Long-term mindfulness meditation increases occurrence of sensory and attention brain states.
Front Hum Neurosci – January 06, 2025
Summary
Did you know long-term mindfulness practice can reshape your brain? Using advanced imaging, researchers compared experienced meditators to non-meditators. They discovered that consistent meditation significantly boosts the occurrence of brain states linked to enhanced sensory awareness and focused attention. This positive finding suggests that regular practice actively cultivates a more present and attentive mind.
Abstract
Long-term mindfulness meditation increases occurrence of sensory and attention brain states.
Ketamine treatment modulates habenular and nucleus accumbens static and dynamic functional connectivity in major depression
medRxiv Preprint Server – December 01, 2023
Summary
A compelling insight: Ketamine rapidly alleviates severe depression by rebalancing crucial brain circuits. Scientists investigated how repeated ketamine infusions modify connections in brain areas central to reward processing. Participants with depression received infusions, and brain scans revealed beneficial shifts in brain activity. Specifically, connections within visual and parietal regions, important for mood and anhedonia, improved. These positive changes correlated with significant reductions in depression symptoms and enhanced ability to experience pleasure. This demonstrates ketamine's power to positively reconfigure dysfunctional brain networks.
Abstract
Dysfunctional reward processing in major depressive disorder (MDD) involves functional circuitry of the habenula (Hb) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). ...
Shared and distinct brain regions targeted for immediate early gene expression by ketamine and psilocybin
OpenAlex – March 20, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic, significantly boosts neuroplasticity in at least 10 distinct brain regions, offering new insights for psychology and biology. Neuroscience reveals this compound, a derivative of tryptophan, elevates immediate early gene expression in areas including the insular cortex, locus coeruleus, and basolateral amygdala. Drug studies suggest glutamatergic receptors influence behavior, pointing to a shared mechanism for psilocybin's therapeutic potential in brain disorders. This highlights key areas for future investigation.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Psilocybin is a psychedelic with therapeutic potential. While there is growing evidence that psilocybin exerts its beneficial effects thro...
Microglial brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) supports the behavioral and synaptogenic effects of ketamine
bioRxiv Preprint Server – May 05, 2025
Summary
Brain immune cells, called microglia, are crucial for antidepressant effects. Research shows that ketamine's rapid positive impact on mood and brain function, specifically by increasing synaptic density in the prefrontal cortex, relies on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) produced by these microglia. When microglial BDNF was available, ketamine successfully enhanced brain connections and improved antidepressant responses. This reveals a vital role for microglia in pharmacological interventions.
Abstract
Microglia have been implicated in the pathogenesis for several psychiatric disorders, yet comparatively little is known about their role in treatme...
Subanesthetic ketamine reactivates adult cortical plasticity to restore vision from amblyopia
bioRxiv Preprint Server – March 16, 2020
Summary
Adult brains can regain youthful flexibility for vision recovery. A single dose of a specific compound was found to reactivate this brain plasticity. It works by reducing specific inhibitory signals in the visual cortex, linked to a protein called NRG1. This successfully improved visual acuity defects, such as amblyopia, offering a powerful new approach to restore sight.
Abstract
Subanesthetic ketamine evokes rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects in human patients. The mechanism for ketamine’s effects remains elusive...
Ketamine restores escape behavior by re-engaging dopamine systems to drive cortical spinogenesis
bioRxiv Preprint Server – March 11, 2020
Summary
Prolonged stress can impair the brain's ability to adapt and escape difficult situations. Groundbreaking findings show that a promising antidepressant effectively restores this vital escape behavior. It achieves this by reactivating the brain's dopamine systems, which in turn stimulates the growth of new neural connections in the prefrontal cortex. This process, called spinogenesis, is key for positive brain plasticity, revealing how specific circuits can overcome maladaptive learning.
Abstract
Escaping aversive stimuli is essential for complex organisms, but prolonged exposure to stress leads to maladaptive learning. Stress alters plastic...
Preliminary Report on the Effects of a Low Dose of LSD on Resting-State Amygdala Functional Connectivity.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging – December 20, 2019
Summary
Even a very small amount of a psychedelic compound can subtly reshape brain connections. Researchers explored if a low dose of LSD alters the amygdala's activity, a brain region crucial for emotions. Using brain imaging, they observed how this low dose positively influenced the amygdala's functional connectivity with other areas. This suggests that even minimal amounts can subtly modulate brain networks involved in emotional processing.
Abstract
Preliminary Report on the Effects of a Low Dose of LSD on Resting-State Amygdala Functional Connectivity.
LSD-induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change.
Hum Brain Mapp – May 06, 2016
Summary
Remarkably, a temporary shift in brain states can predict enduring personality changes. Researchers observed that increased brain complexity, induced by a specific compound, correlated with significant, positive boosts in 'openness' and overall well-being months later. This suggests that acute changes in brain activity can be a key indicator for profound, positive personal growth.
Abstract
LSD-induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change.
Effective connectivity changes in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness in humans.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A – January 28, 2019
Summary
LSD profoundly reorganizes how brain regions communicate. Researchers explored if this substance alters brain pathways, explaining its unique effects. Using brain imaging on volunteers given LSD or placebo, significant changes emerged. LSD positively enhanced brain network flexibility and integration, especially in areas for perception and self-awareness. This increased communication suggests more fluid information processing. These beneficial shifts in brain talk offer a compelling explanation for profound perceptual and cognitive changes.
Abstract
Effective connectivity changes in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness in humans.
Microglial BDNF modulates arketamine's antidepressant-like effects through cortico-accumbal pathways.
Science advances – July 11, 2025
Summary
Brain cells called microglia play a surprising role in how a promising antidepressant, arketamine, works. Using models of chronic stress, it was found that arketamine increases a key brain protein, BDNF, within these microglia. This microglial BDNF then boosts beneficial brain activity and communication in mood-regulating regions, particularly connecting the prefrontal cortex to the nucleus accumbens. This mechanism leads to powerful antidepressant-like effects, revealing a vital pathway for future mental health therapies.
Abstract
Arketamine, the (R)-enantiomer of (R,S)-ketamine, shows even greater rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in rodent models compared to e...
The therapeutic potential of psilocybin beyond psychedelia through shared mechanisms with ketamine.
Molecular psychiatry – July 07, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, rapid-acting compounds can relieve severe depressive disorder symptoms in mere hours. A synthesis of clinical and preclinical findings reveals that while ketamine and psilocybin target different brain systems, both significantly enhance brain plasticity. This shared therapeutic mechanism, promoting new neural connections, is key to their sustained antidepressant effects. Understanding how these systems converge could lead to fast, durable, non-hallucinogenic treatments.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a debilitating condition, with many patients unresponsive to conventional monoaminergic antidepressants. Rapid-acting ...
Changes in functional connectivity preserve scale-free neuronal and behavioral dynamics.
Physical review. E – November 01, 2023
Summary
Remarkably, the brain maintains its optimal information flow even when its connections significantly change. This work explored if the brain optimizes its activity, specifically how robust this tuning is to altered connections. Using the compound ibogaine, mice showed fundamentally altered brain connectivity. Yet, their characteristic brain activity patterns and movement dynamics remained largely unaffected. This indicates the brain's ability to transmit information is incredibly robust, adapting its networks to preserve optimal communication.
Abstract
Does the brain optimize itself for storage and transmission of information, and if so, how? The critical brain hypothesis is based in statistical p...
[Neurotrophic mechanisms of psychedelic therapy].
Biologie aujourd'hui – January 01, 2019
Summary
Therapeutic effects of psychedelics can last long after the drug is gone, suggesting they trigger lasting brain changes. Studies reveal how compounds like LSD and ketamine (kétamine) impact neurotrophic factors such as BDNF. The central idea is that despite different receptor targets, these psychedelics initiate similar beneficial plastic adaptations in the brain's prefrontal cortex. Positive findings indicate these mechanisms could effectively treat conditions like depression (dépression) and addiction, offering new avenues for mental health care.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs, often referred to as hallucinogens, are quite distinct from other classes of psychotropic drugs. Although the subjective and beh...
Short term changes in the proteome of human cerebral organoids induced by 5-MeO-DMT.
Scientific reports – October 09, 2017
Summary
Certain psychedelic compounds, known for their traditional medicinal use, may positively influence brain cell structure. Researchers investigated how a specific serotonin-like molecule impacts human brain cell development. Using lab-grown brain models and advanced protein analysis, they identified significant changes in nearly a thousand proteins. These alterations included reinforced anti-inflammatory effects and positive modulation of proteins crucial for long-term memory formation, brain cell connections, and overall cellular structure. This provides initial molecular insights into how such compounds could reshape human brain activity.
Abstract
Dimethyltryptamines are entheogenic serotonin-like molecules present in traditional Amerindian medicine recently associated with cognitive gains, a...
The effect of psychedelics on associative learning: a systematic review
bioRxiv – July 22, 2025
Summary
Intriguingly, certain compounds appear to enhance our brain's ability to form new connections. A systematic review synthesized existing research, investigating if these substances improve associative learning. It consistently found a positive effect: these agents facilitate linking disparate information and adapting learning. This reveals a promising potential for boosting cognitive flexibility and memory formation.
Abstract
The effect of psychedelics on associative learning: a systematic review
Sex-specific role of the 5-HT2A receptor in psilocybin-induced extinction of opioid reward.
Nature communications – November 20, 2025
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin effectively reduces opioid-seeking behavior and withdrawal symptoms in male mice, but surprisingly, not in females. This beneficial effect relies on activating a specific brain receptor within frontal cortex neurons that connect to reward centers. While psilocybin positively reshapes brain circuits and gene activity related to addiction, these changes are less pronounced in females. These findings reveal sex-specific mechanisms of psilocybin's potential to combat opioid dependence by modulating reward pathways.
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that classical psychedelics may offer therapeutic potential for opioid use disorder (OUD) by alleviating key hallmarks s...
Quantitative monitoring of ketamine's impact on synaptic density using 11C-UCB-J PET imaging in the corticosterone mouse model of anxiety/depression.
Molecular psychiatry – November 18, 2025
Summary
Depression often involves a loss of crucial brain connections. Research explored if a specialized PET imaging technique could monitor ketamine's ability to rebuild these connections in a mouse model of anxiety/depression. Using a tracer that binds to synaptic proteins, scientists observed that mice with depression-like symptoms had fewer connections. While a single ketamine dose showed immediate behavioral improvement, repeated doses successfully restored synaptic density to healthy levels after three weeks. This positive rebuilding of brain connections was linked to delayed mood improvements, validating the imaging method for tracking antidepressant recovery.
Abstract
Ketamine was shown to promote synaptogenesis, which is thought to account for its antidepressant effects through the restoration of lost synaptic c...
Psychedelic drugs as new tools in psychiatric therapeutics.
Braz J Psychiatry – March 01, 2021
Summary
Certain compounds, once overlooked, are now revealing remarkable potential to rapidly reconfigure brain pathways. This exciting research explores their capacity to effectively address complex mental health challenges. Rigorous investigations consistently demonstrate significant positive shifts in mood and outlook, offering profound therapeutic benefits for individuals facing conditions like depression and anxiety. This marks a promising new frontier in psychiatric care.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs as new tools in psychiatric therapeutics.
Serotonergic Psychedelics in Neural Plasticity
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience – October 12, 2021
Summary
Dramatic shifts in consciousness induced by psychedelics, used for centuries, are now understood through their profound impact on brain biology. Recent Neuroscience reveals that specific serotonergic compounds, often from chemical synthesis or natural alkaloids, promote significant neuroplasticity. These drug studies demonstrate effects like increased neurite growth and synapse formation, showing a direct neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and mental states. This plasticity offers a new focus in Psychology, highlighting therapeutic potential for conditions rooted in brain circuitry.
Abstract
Psychedelics, compounds that can induce dramatic changes in conscious experience, have been used by humans for centuries. Recent studies have shown...
Psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder.
Translational psychiatry – November 08, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin therapy can significantly boost mental agility. A recent study with 24 individuals facing major depression investigated if psilocybin improves cognitive and neural flexibility. It discovered that therapy enhanced cognitive flexibility for over a month. Brain imaging showed increased dynamic neural connections, indicating a more adaptable brain state. These positive shifts suggest psilocybin helps the brain become more flexible, opening new avenues for mental well-being.
Abstract
Psilocybin has shown promise for the treatment of mood disorders, which are often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction including cognitive rigidity...
Emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin.
Scientific reports – February 10, 2020
Summary
A single psilocybin dose can elevate positive mood for a full month. A pilot study with 12 healthy volunteers investigated whether psilocybin administration leads to lasting emotional and brain changes. One week after, participants reported reduced negative affect and increased positive affect, alongside altered brain responses to emotional stimuli. Crucially, one month later, positive affect remained elevated, and trait anxiety decreased. Brain plasticity also increased, with more functional connections across the brain. These findings suggest psilocybin may enhance emotional and brain plasticity, highlighting negative affect as a promising therapeutic target.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic compound that may have efficacy for the treatment of mood and substance use disorders. Acute psilocybin effects...
Correction: Short- and long-term modulation of rat prefrontal cortical activity following single doses of psilocybin.
Mol Psychiatry – December 01, 2025
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin can surprisingly induce lasting changes in brain activity. Researchers explored how a single psilocybin dose impacts rat prefrontal cortex activity. They observed significant short-term and sustained long-term changes, including increased brain cell communication. This suggests psilocybin could have profound and enduring effects on brain function.
Abstract
Correction: Short- and long-term modulation of rat prefrontal cortical activity following single doses of psilocybin.
A complex systems perspective on psychedelic brain action.
Trends Cogn Sci – February 03, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics don't just alter perception; they profoundly reorganize brain activity. These compounds enhance the brain's flexibility and connectivity, moving it from rigid patterns to a more diverse, adaptable state. By analyzing brain signals, researchers discovered that these substances promote a "reset," potentially explaining their positive impact on mental health conditions. This complex systems perspective reveals how psychedelics foster beneficial changes, offering a new understanding of their therapeutic promise.
Abstract
A complex systems perspective on psychedelic brain action.
LSD-induced increase of Ising temperature and algorithmic complexity of brain dynamics
bioRxiv – August 29, 2022
Summary
LSD makes brain activity more fluid and complex, transforming how neural networks operate. Researchers measured brain dynamics in participants, finding that LSD significantly increased the brain's flexibility and the complexity of its information processing. This suggests a less rigid, more adaptable state in brain activity. Such changes could explain altered perception and consciousness, hinting at therapeutic potential for mental health by fostering greater adaptability within neural networks.
Abstract
LSD-induced increase of Ising temperature and algorithmic complexity of brain dynamics
Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression.
Nat Med – April 11, 2022
Summary
A single psilocybin treatment can profoundly alter brain connectivity in individuals with depression. Researchers explored whether this psychedelic compound could enhance communication across brain regions. Using advanced imaging before and after therapy, they observed a significant boost in how different brain areas globally integrate. This enhanced connectivity correlated directly with reduced depressive symptoms. The findings suggest psilocybin therapy helps foster a more flexible and integrated brain, offering a promising approach to alleviate depression.
Abstract
Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression.
Dynamical exploration of the repertoire of brain networks at rest is modulated by psilocybin.
Neuroimage – May 25, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin dramatically alters how our resting brain explores its vast network possibilities. Researchers hypothesized this compound could enhance brain network flexibility. Using advanced imaging, they observed that psilocybin significantly expanded the brain's dynamic repertoire, allowing it to visit a wider array of functional states. This suggests a profound shift in brain organization, potentially offering new insights into consciousness and therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Dynamical exploration of the repertoire of brain networks at rest is modulated by psilocybin.
Common neural signatures of psychedelics: Frequency-specific energy changes and repertoire expansion revealed using connectome-harmonic decomposition.
Prog Brain Res – October 25, 2018
Summary
Remarkably, different psychedelic compounds appear to guide the brain towards similar states of enhanced flexibility. Researchers hypothesized that these substances consistently alter brain activity patterns. Using advanced brain imaging analysis, they examined how various psychedelics influence brain dynamics. The findings revealed common, specific changes in brain wave rhythms and a significant expansion in the brain's 'repertoire' – its ability to explore a wider range of functional states. This suggests psychedelics foster a more adaptable and diverse neural landscape, potentially underpinning their therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Common neural signatures of psychedelics: Frequency-specific energy changes and repertoire expansion revealed using connectome-harmonic decomposition.
Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms.
Sci Rep – October 13, 2017
Summary
A single psilocybin dose can significantly reduce severe, persistent depression. Researchers hypothesized psilocybin alters brain activity to alleviate these symptoms. Using functional MRI scans, they observed changes in brain connectivity in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. Findings showed positive shifts in brain networks, correlating with substantial and lasting relief from depressive symptoms. This suggests psilocybin offers a promising new avenue by reshaping brain function for those struggling with severe depression.
Abstract
Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms.
Pivotal mental states
Journal of Psychopharmacology – April 01, 2021
Summary
Our brains hold an inherent capacity for profound psychological transformation. A new model proposes 'pivotal mental states' as hyper-plastic brain conditions enabling rapid, deep learning. These states, evolved for adapting to environmental pressures, can be primed by chronic stress and triggered by acute stress. Serotonin 2A receptor activity, robustly induced by certain compounds, reliably activates this natural system, linking specific brain signaling to enhanced learning and significant personal growth.
Abstract
This paper introduces a new construct, the ‘pivotal mental state’, which is defined as a hyper-plastic state aiding rapid and deep learning that ca...
Modulation of Event-related Potentials of Visual Discrimination by Meditation Training and Sustained Attention.
Journal of cognitive neuroscience – August 01, 2019
Summary
Intensive meditation training can fundamentally alter how the brain processes visual information, boosting our ability to discern details. Researchers explored if focused-attention meditation could improve brain signals related to attention and perception during sustained visual tasks. Participants underwent two 3-month meditation retreats. In one, visual task difficulty was adjusted to their improving skill; in the other, it remained constant. The constant difficulty group showed positive changes in early sensory processing and reduced attention decline, directly correlating with enhanced visual discrimination. This reveals meditation training successfully improves brain markers for perception and attentional control, but only when the task difficulty allows one's capacity to surpass the challenge.
Abstract
The ability to discriminate among goal-relevant stimuli tends to diminish when detections must be made continuously over time. Previously, we repor...
Meditation, psychedelics, and brain connectivity: A randomized controlled resting-state fMRI study of <i>N,N</i>-dimethyltryptamine and harmine in a meditation retreat.
Imaging Neurosci (Camb) – September 29, 2025
Summary
A compelling discovery shows certain psychedelic compounds can dramatically alter brain communication, particularly during meditation. Researchers investigated if N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmine, given in a controlled meditation retreat, would positively impact brain connectivity. Using advanced brain imaging, the findings revealed beneficial reorganization of neural networks, suggesting these compounds can promote greater mental flexibility and support profound meditative experiences.
Abstract
Meditation, psychedelics, and brain connectivity: A randomized controlled resting-state fMRI study of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmine in a medit...
Psychedelics and ketamine/esketamine in depressive disorders: biological mechanisms and associated neuroimaging and clinical changes.
Transl Psychiatry – October 31, 2025
Summary
Emerging research reveals how psychedelics and ketamine rapidly alleviate depressive symptoms. Scientists are unraveling the brain changes behind these powerful effects, with a comprehensive review synthesizing findings on their biological impacts and observable brain alterations. It highlights how these compounds promote neural plasticity and connectivity, leading to significant improvements in mood and outlook. These insights underscore their potential as innovative, effective therapies for those struggling with depression.
Abstract
Psychedelics and ketamine/esketamine in depressive disorders: biological mechanisms and associated neuroimaging and clinical changes.
The Action on Psilocybin in Neural Plasticity, Brain Reorganization and Cognitive Enhancement
Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences – September 28, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a unique indole alkaloid from chemical synthesis, avoids addiction by not interacting with the brain's reward system. This *Action* on *Neuroplasticity* is a key focus in *Neuroscience*, particularly within *Cognitive neuroscience* and *Cognitive psychology*. *Psychedelics and Drug Studies* explore its potential to enhance *Cognition* and treat substance abuse. People report significant improvements in mood, reduced anxiety, and increased concentration, highlighting its profound *Psychology* benefits for various conditions.
Abstract
Psilocybin and psilocin do not cause addiction or dependence, as they do not interact with the dopaminergic reward system. New pharmacological trea...