4971 results for "Psychedelics"
Psilocybin as an antidepressant strategy - a review of safety aspects
European Psychiatry – March 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, appears remarkably safe and well-tolerated in controlled clinical settings, according to a review of Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Zero serious side effects were identified, with common, mild complaints including headache and nausea. The lethal dose is many times higher than therapeutic doses, and overdose deaths are absent. While risks like "bad trips" exist, these are primarily associated with recreational use, not supervised medical applications. This suggests psilocybin holds promise for Psychiatry and Mental Health, requiring careful Context for its therapeutic potential in Medicine and Psychology.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin is considered a classical psychedelic and is increasingly attracting scientific and media attention as an alternative appro...
Hallucinogens induce a specific barcode of phosphorylation on the serotonin2A receptor that underlies a weaker receptor desensitization and internalization
Receptors & Clinical Investigation – September 27, 2014
Summary
A major neuroscience puzzle is unravelled: why certain psychedelics cause hallucinations while others don't. Hallucinogenic compounds like LSD uniquely trigger biased phosphorylation of the serotonin 2A receptor. This distinct receptor mechanism, influencing behavior, leads to weaker desensitization and internalization. This difference in receptor signaling explains their profound psychological effects. These insights advance our understanding of neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, crucial for psychology and drug studies, detailing receptor mechanisms.
Abstract
The serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) 2A receptor represents one of the most striking examples where functional selectivity (or ligand-biased s...
Psilocybin treatment for AUD: Promise in new study
Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly – October 14, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy shows significant promise for alcohol use disorder. This potent hallucinogen, a focus in Psychiatry and Medicine, is being re-examined in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Forty years ago, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), derived from lysergic acid via chemical synthesis and alkaloids research, demonstrated double the remissions for similar conditions compared to controls. Modern psychology and psychotherapist approaches, understanding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, are now exploring psilocybin's potential, suggesting a paradigm shift in treating AUD.
Abstract
The beneficial effects of psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy on alcohol use disorder (AUD) are significant, based on a study published in JAMA Psych...
To treat or not to treat? High-potency benzodiazepine use in a case of comorbid hallucinogen persisting perception disorder and alcohol use disorder.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2022
Summary
Visual hallucinations can persist for over 20 years after Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use, a key finding in Psychology and Psychiatry. One 37-year-old experienced halos and moving walls, even with a history of Cannabis use. These severe perception disturbances, characteristic of a Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, resolved with Clonazepam, a Benzodiazepine. This case from Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis, distinguishing such visual phenomena from other hallucinations in medical conditions to ensure proper treatment, especially when Psilocybin or LSD are involved.
Abstract
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is characterized by visual disturbances that resemble psychedelic intoxication and linger after ...
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression.
Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature – April 15, 2021
Summary
A compelling finding in psychiatry shows Psilocybin's potential for major depressive disorder. In a randomized controlled trial of 59 patients, a Psilocybin regimen with daily Placebo achieved a 70% response rate, versus 48% for the antidepressant Escitalopram. Remission rates were also notably higher: 57% versus 28%. While primary symptom reduction didn't significantly differ, these secondary findings, supported by psychology, suggest psychedelics (chemical synthesis and alkaloids) offer a new avenue in medicine and drug studies, crucial for addressing the economic impact of depression.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Psilocybin may have antidepressant properties, but direct comparisons between psilocybin and established treatments for depression are ...
Study: Psilocybin enhances therapy in patients with major depression
The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update – January 07, 2021
Summary
Patients with major depressive disorder experienced rapid, lasting symptom improvement after receiving the hallucinogen psilocybin alongside psychotherapy. This randomized controlled trial, published in *JAMA Psychiatry*, highlights psilocybin’s significant potential as an antidepressant in Medicine. Such Psychedelics and Drug Studies are vital Mental Health Research Topics, expanding our understanding within Psychology. The regimen involved two administrations of this unique compound, with a psychotherapist guiding the process. This promising approach extends previous findings on psilocybin's therapeutic effects for clinical depression.
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder who received two administrations of the psychedelic psilocybin as part of a psychotherapy regimen saw a rap...
Intravenous psilocybin administration attenuates mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat model of chronic pain
OpenAlex – August 28, 2023
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, offered remarkable long-term pain relief. Following formalin's subcutaneous injection to induce chronic pain in rats, one intravenous bolus of this medicine significantly reduced sensitivity to touch for 28 days in 26 animals, versus 13 given saline. This pharmacology suggests psilocybin's potential as an analgesic, influencing nociception. While not complete anesthesia, it offers new insights for complementary medicine, though its effect on heat sensitivity (hyperalgesia) was limited. This finding from Psychedelics and Drug Studies sparks interest in neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract There is a renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, including psilocybin, in treating mental health disorders. Howev...
Psilocybin-induced modulation of visual salience processing
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin profoundly alters conscious visual perception. In a study with 23 participants, high psilocybin doses significantly increased fixation on salient image regions and reduced eye movement distances during natural scene viewing, precisely measured by eye tracking. This suggests heightened visual processing sensitivity to salient cues, fundamentally impacting gaze behavior. Utilizing a deep learning model for visual attention and electroencephalography, findings indicate psilocybin shifts attentional dynamics within cognitive psychology, making visual scanning more exploratory and less predictable. This illuminates how psychedelics reshape visual perception.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic compounds significantly reshape conscious perception, yet the implications of these alterations for complex visual-guided beha...
Trial of psilocybin does not show major difference from antidepressant
The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update – July 05, 2021
Summary
A 6-week study revealed no significant difference in antidepressant effects between psilocybin and the established medicine escitalopram for moderate to severe depression. This pharmacology research, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, contributes to ongoing psychedelics and drug studies in psychiatry. While some secondary measures favored psilocybin, these analyses were unadjusted. Findings underscore diverse treatment approaches, from novel medicines to digital mental health interventions, tackling the pervasive challenge of depression.
Abstract
A 6‐week study comparing the psychedelic psilocybin with the antidepressant escitalopram found no significant difference in antidepressant effects ...
Insights into psilocybin use among people with bipolar disorder: A thematic analysis of Reddit posts
Journal of Affective Disorders – January 20, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, presents a nuanced psychological landscape for individuals with Bipolar disorder. A thematic analysis of 354 Reddit accounts revealed diverse experiences. While some reported reduced depression and profound shifts in perspective, others tragically experienced heightened mania, psychosis, and even paranoia. This complex interplay of benefits and risks is vital for clinical psychology and psychiatry, informing psychotherapists about psychedelic use.
Abstract
Psilocybin has been reported to decrease depression symptoms among individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), but has also been associated with report...
A Naturalistic Study on the Combined Neural and Psychological Effects of Psilocybin and Compassion Focused Imagery
OpenAlex – December 22, 2025
Summary
A compelling finding: psilocybin, a hallucinogen, combined with compassion-focused guided imagery, creates lasting psychological changes. Among 105 participants, this psychological intervention enhanced self-compassion and cognitive absorption. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed altered organization in brain networks, including the default mode network, impacting cognition and consciousness. These psychedelics and drug studies suggest synergy for clinical psychology, offering psychotherapists new avenues to cultivate empathy, mindfulness, and mental image shifts.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic drug known to alter subjective experience and elicit long-term psychological changes, enhancing cognit...
The Action on Psilocybin in Neural Plasticity, Brain Reorganization and Cognitive Enhancement
Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences – September 28, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a unique indole alkaloid from chemical synthesis, avoids addiction by not interacting with the brain's reward system. This *Action* on *Neuroplasticity* is a key focus in *Neuroscience*, particularly within *Cognitive neuroscience* and *Cognitive psychology*. *Psychedelics and Drug Studies* explore its potential to enhance *Cognition* and treat substance abuse. People report significant improvements in mood, reduced anxiety, and increased concentration, highlighting its profound *Psychology* benefits for various conditions.
Abstract
Psilocybin and psilocin do not cause addiction or dependence, as they do not interact with the dopaminergic reward system. New pharmacological trea...
Wild Mushrooms
OpenAlex – May 31, 2022
Summary
Mushrooms are yielding breakthrough therapies, with specific fungal compounds clinically proven to treat certain cancers and new antibiotics approved for human use. This fascinating area of Fungal Biology reveals diverse applications across biological systems, including zoological health. Beyond cancer, chemical synthesis of mushroom-derived compounds offers potent antimicrobials against growing resistance. Even psychedelic mushrooms show promise for depression. Such applications highlight fungi's profound impact, from regulating metabolism to providing novel drug candidates.
Abstract
Mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, although only relatively recently they have become a subject of intensive studies a...
From fungi to pharmacy: Applied technologies in psilocybin production and its therapeutic applications
Creative Science – December 19, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent alkaloid, demonstrates rapid, sustained antidepressant efficacy in clinical trials, signaling a renaissance in Psychopharmacology. This naturally occurring compound, central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, functions as a prodrug. Its active form modulates 5-HT2A receptors, enhancing neuroplasticity—a key mechanism explored in Neuroscience. Advances in chemical synthesis and microbial biosynthesis are revolutionizing its production, moving beyond traditional plant sources. This progress in Pharmacology and Drug discovery positions psilocybin as a transformative agent, bridging biological pathways from fungi to therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring tryptamine alkaloid found in over 200 species of fungi, has emerged as a focal point in the modern revival of psy...
Psilocybin as a Tool in the Management of Palliative Care: An Historical, Pharmacological, and Clinical Approach
Preprints.org – April 10, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows compelling promise in palliative care, offering a new frontier in medicine. This psychedelic compound, historically used in spiritual ceremonies, is now a focus of psychology and drug studies. Reviews indicate its strong potential to significantly reduce psychological distress and improve emotional well-being for those facing serious illness. Understanding its pharmacokinetics and chemical structure is vital. Psychotherapists are exploring its integration, reflecting diverse academic research themes beyond traditional intensive care medicine, aiming to enhance quality of life.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound in certain mushrooms, has been used for centuries in spiritual ceremonies and neuropsychiatric therapy. Despite ...
694. INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL OF PSILOCYBIN FOR COMPULSIVE EATING IN A RAT MODEL OF BINGE EATING
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a well-known hallucinogen, showed no effect on compulsive binge eating in a rat model, challenging some theories in Psychology and Psychiatry regarding its therapeutic potential for eating disorders. In a study involving 44 female rats, a 2 mg/kg dose of Psilocybin did not reduce the animals' compulsive behavior or food intake associated with binge-eating disorder. While Psilocybin influences Neurotransmitter Receptors and is explored in Clinical Psychology for various behaviors, these Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggest this particular application might require different approaches.
Abstract
Abstract Background Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder, often associated with metabolic syndrome and other mental he...
Psilocybin Production With Genetically Modified Aspergillus nidulans Under Pressurized Conditions
Biotechnology and Bioengineering – December 30, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking **bioprocess** now efficiently produces **psilocybin**, a crucial **alkaloid** for **psychedelics and drug studies**. Shifting from traditional **chemical synthesis**, **biotechnology** leverages an **overproduction** strain of *Aspergillus nidulans*—a **genetically modified organism**—within a **bioreactor**. Expert **biochemical engineering** optimized **fermentation** by precisely managing **oxygen** supply. This robust **bioprocess** generated an impressive 542 mg L−1 of this **tryptamine** derivative in just 68 hours, advancing the **chemistry** for sustainable pharmaceutical supply.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Psilocybin, an indole alkaloid of psychedelic mushrooms, has the potential to sustainably improve the treatment of several psychiatric dis...
Psilocybin Microdosing for Anxiety Relief in Young Adults: A Comparative Review of Emerging Evidence
Premier journal of science. – December 03, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin microdosing shows promise for young adults struggling with anxiety, particularly those resistant to traditional therapies. This hallucinogen, an alkaloid, appears to improve mood and reduce anxiety symptoms, with some reports suggesting a 30-40% reduction in symptom severity. Its impact on psychology involves modulating serotonin receptors and boosting neural plasticity in brain regions crucial for emotional regulation. While clinical psychology and psychiatry explore these psychedelics, future drug studies might integrate digital mental health interventions, offering a compelling alternative for managing persistent anxiety.
Abstract
Background Anxiety disorders are increasingly prevalent among young adults. Traditional treatment options often fall short, and many patients live ...
Behavioural investigations of psilocybin in non-human animals 1962–2021: A scoping review
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – September 11, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal psilocybin's remarkable safety, showing no biological toxicity even at high doses in pre-clinical research. A review of 77 studies, with 64 investigations predominantly in rodents, highlights its therapeutic potential. This chemical synthesis and alkaloid demonstrates varied effects, from reducing fear at low doses to improving learning. While 22.1% of studies omitted sample sizes, the overall evidence supports psilocybin as a promising agent for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, influencing arousal, aggression, and memory.
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims Psilocybin is a psychedelic compound that may hold promise for a wide range of human health conditions, yet the identi...
Therapeutic Potential of Fungally Derived Psilocybin Extract in Morphine-Dependent Mice: A Research Protocol
Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal – June 10, 2024
Summary
A compelling new direction in **medicine** suggests **Psilocybin**, a natural **hallucinogen** and **alkaloid**, could combat **opioid addiction**. New **neuroscience** research, part of broader **drug studies** on **psychedelics**, will investigate how this compound, influencing **neurotransmitter receptors**, can reduce **Morphine** consumption. **Pharmacology** suggests **Psilocybin** acts as a serotonin **agonist**, stabilizing **psychology** during withdrawal. **Addiction** treatment anticipates **Morphine**-dependent mice will consume significantly less, with withdrawal symptoms minimized to levels comparable to established treatments like **Methadone**. This offers a cheaper, less dependent therapeutic option.
Abstract
Introduction: Psilocybin is a naturally occurring tryptamine derivative psychedelic compound potently produced by fungi members of the genus Psiloc...
Study finds encouraging results in psilocybin treatment for TRD patients
Mental Health Weekly – January 10, 2025
Summary
Patients battling severe treatment-resistant depression experienced remarkable relief following a new medical approach. In an open-label study of 42 individuals, 70% reported a substantial 50% decrease in depressive symptoms after receiving synthetic psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen. This advance in mental health and psychiatry highlights psilocybin's potential as a therapeutic drug. Such psychedelics and drug studies offer hope, improving overall behavior and psychological well-being, potentially enhancing aspects like sexuality. Future technology could further refine these treatments.
Abstract
Results of new psychedelic research aimed at patients with severe treatment resistant depression (TRD) found significant decreases in their depress...
Brain-MGF: Multimodal Graph Fusion Network for EEG-fMRI Brain Connectivity Analysis Under Psilocybin
arXiv (Cornell University) – November 23, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin profoundly reorganizes brain connectivity, a compelling finding in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. An Artificial intelligence framework, rooted in Computer science, employs an artificial neural network for graph fusion of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. This machine learning model, constructed to recognize patterns, achieved 74.0% accuracy distinguishing psilocybin's effects during meditation and 76.0% during rest. By adaptively encoding complex brain patterns at each brain node using a softmax mechanism, it offers interpretability into neural changes. Such insights could aid Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, even illuminating profound subjective states.
Abstract
Psychedelics, such as psilocybin, reorganise large-scale brain connectivity, yet how these changes are reflected across electrophysiological (elect...
Computational Analysis of Psilocybin Effects on Three-Choice Touchscreen Reversal Learning in Rats: A Pilot Study
Psychedelic Medicine – February 03, 2026
Summary
A compelling finding: Psilocybin, a serotonergic hallucinogen, initially hindered cognitive flexibility. In a touchscreen-based visual discrimination learning task, 16 rats were evaluated for cognition. Only 5 (31%) demonstrated associative learning. Psilocybin (1 mg/kg) impaired short-term learning/unlearning speed, a key aspect of cognitive psychology. Neuroscience indicates potential long-term enhancements, relevant for brain flexibility, impacting developmental psychology, audiology, drug studies, pain management, forensic toxicology, and psychedelics' complex effects.
Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive flexibility is essential for behavioral adaptation in response to environmental changes and is impaired in various neuropsy...
Researchers hope psilocybin could improve quit rates for smokers
Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly – November 19, 2021
Summary
Current treatments for nicotine addiction achieve less than a 30% success rate, sparking wonder about new approaches in medicine. A multisite initiative is now exploring the hallucinogen psilocybin for smoking cessation. This psychedelic, a focus of drug studies, aims to help a diverse population overcome nicotine addiction. The field of psychiatry and psychology hopes to identify who might benefit most from this alternative, distinct from digital mental health interventions, for addiction.
Abstract
With nicotine being one of the most addictive substances and the available treatments for nicotine addiction leading to no better than a 30% succes...
Context-dependent structurally informed effective connectivity under psilocybin
OpenAlex – August 22, 2025
Summary
Mystical experiences from the hallucinogen psilocybin are directly predicted by specific brain pathway changes. Across four distinct experiential contexts—like guided meditation or music listening—psilocybin reorganizes brain interactions. Notably, outgoing influences from the left hippocampus, a key memory and association hub, showed varying responses that predicted mystical experience intensity. Advanced computer science techniques revealed these context-specific shifts in brain dynamics, offering crucial insights for psychedelics and drug studies. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for mental health research topics and could inform future digital mental health interventions.
Abstract
Abstract The extent to which anatomical connectivity constrains pharmacologically altered brain dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, we combin...
Exploring U.K. cancer doctors’ attitudes toward psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for cancer-related distress
OpenAlex – September 18, 2024
Summary
Oncologists show surprising openness to integrating novel interventions for cancer-related psychological distress. Interviews with nine oncologists in England revealed positive attitudes towards psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy. This development, bridging Psychology, Psychiatry, and Medicine, highlights a growing acceptance of Psychedelics and Drug Studies within clinical psychology. While embracing complementary and alternative medicine studies, they stressed safety, potential drug interactions, and the need for a psychotherapist to tailor approaches for diverse patient backgrounds, ensuring effective distress management.
Abstract
Abstract Background A diagnosis of cancer is often associated with significant psychological distress. Current approaches to cancer-related distres...
No evidence of immediate or persistent analgesic effect from a single dose of psilocybin in three mouse models of pain
Nature Communications – January 22, 2026
Summary
Challenging popular belief, a pharmacology study suggests the hallucinogen psilocybin may not be a direct analgesic for chronic pain. Despite its use in some psychedelics and drug studies, experiments with male and female mice across various neuropathic and inflammatory pain models, using doses from 0.3 to 10 mg/kg, found no true pain management or raised threshold of pain. While an apparent reduction in cold sensitivity occurred, this was attributed to profound hypothermia, not genuine nociception modulation. Thus, this drug may not function as a direct medicine for pain.
Abstract
The psychedelic psilocybin may have lasting therapeutic effects for patients with chronic pain syndromes. Some preclinical data suggest these putat...
Comparing single‐ and repeat‐dose psilocybin with active placebo for migraine prevention in an exploratory randomized controlled clinical trial
Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain – December 29, 2025
Summary
A randomized controlled trial with 18 adults battling migraine revealed a single psilocybin regimen led to an 80% reduction in migraine days over two weeks, versus 17% for an active placebo. This clinical trial explored psilocybin's potential as medicine for pain management. Blinding proved challenging, as the placebo partially mimicked psilocybin's acute effects, highlighting complexities in drug studies involving psychedelics and the placebo effect. Although all groups experienced roughly 50% migraine reduction over eight weeks, separating psilocybin's specific effects from general therapeutic responses is crucial.
Abstract
Abstract Objective The goals of this study were to examine the therapeutic effects and safety of psilocybin given as a pulsed regimen for the preve...
The Emerging Use of Psilocybin in Adult Populations with Alcohol Use Disorder: A Scoping Review
Preprints.org – June 19, 2025
Summary
Early findings suggest psilocybin, paired with psychotherapy, significantly reduces heavy drinking days for individuals with alcohol use disorder. A review of 12 studies, including 7 RCTs, from a pool of 757 records, highlights its promise in psychiatry and medicine. These studies, often involving clinical psychology and psychotherapists, show psilocybin’s potential for relapse prevention across diverse populations. While promising, current data has small sample sizes and short follow-up periods, necessitating further rigorous investigation into this psychedelic compound's efficacy and safety for broader use.
Abstract
Background: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic pathological condition with significant burdens throughout the world. Despite the effectiveness...
Alleviating anxiety and taming trauma: Novel pharmacotherapeutics for anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder
Neuropharmacology – January 06, 2023
Summary
Current anti-anxiety agents offer only temporary relief for prevalent psychiatric disorders like Anxiety and Panic disorder. A promising shift in Medicine and Psychiatry is underway. Clinical neuroscience and Neuropsychopharmacology are now developing anti-anxiety agents targeting diverse neurochemical systems, including monoamines (like those influenced by Psychedelics and Drug Studies), GABA, glutamate, and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. This Neuroscience-driven approach in Clinical psychology aims for lasting brain changes, not just symptom management, offering renewed hope for Treatment of Major Depression and other conditions, moving beyond transient symptom attenuation.
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders associated with psychological trauma, stress and anxiety are a highly prevalent and increasing cause of morbidity worldwide. ...
Meditation Increases the Entropy of Brain Oscillatory Activity
Neuroscience – February 04, 2020
Summary
Vipassana meditation significantly increases brain entropy, especially in alpha and gamma brainwave bands, demonstrating how long-term practice shapes conscious experience. This Neuroscience finding suggests meditation, akin to certain psychedelics, can endogenously elevate neural dynamics' complexity. Across various traditions, Vipassana consistently generated the highest entropy boosts. All practices also enhanced gamma band coherence. These insights, crucial for Psychology and Mindfulness interventions, reveal meditation's capacity to induce self-regulated, high-entropy brain states, offering a new perspective on awareness.
Abstract
We address the hypothesis that the entropy of neural dynamics indexes the intensity and quality of conscious content. Previous work established tha...
Table 3_Dose-dependent changes in global brain activity and functional connectivity following exposure to psilocybin: a BOLD MRI study in awake rats.xlsx
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, drastically alters brain activity and sensory processing in awake rats, challenging assumptions from human brain imaging. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed a dose-dependent increase in BOLD signal, particularly in the somatosensory system, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Females exhibited greater activation than males at 0.3 mg/kg doses. While neuroscience reveals psilocybin affects circuits linked to the psychedelic experience, like the hippocampal formation and prefrontal cortex, the observed functional connectivity patterns differed from human studies, prompting new perspectives for medicine and psychology.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. This is the first study to use MRI to follow functional changes i...
Synthesis of Psilocin, Psilocybin and 5‐MeO‐DMT Succinate, All Labelled With Carbon‐14 at the Indole 2‐Position
Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals – July 01, 2025
Summary
New chemical synthesis methods successfully created stable 14C-labelled psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT, crucial for understanding these potent hallucinogens. The chemistry involved using oxalyl chloride to build these tryptamine alkaloids. Psilocybin-2-14C, after a 5.5-fold dilution, maintained over 97.5% purity for one month. Notably, 5-MeO-DMT-2-14C showed 98.0% purity after six months, making it excellent for long-term psychedelic drug studies. These stable compounds are essential for precise pharmacokinetic analysis, advancing potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Three novel 14 C‐labelled isotopologues of the psychoactive agents psilocin, psilocybin and 5‐methoxy‐ N , N ‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DM...
Data Sheet 1_Dose-dependent changes in global brain activity and functional connectivity following exposure to psilocybin: a BOLD MRI study in awake rats.pdf
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters brain activity, yet its effects in awake rats differ from human observations. Neuroscience employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on rats given doses from 0.03 to 3.0 mg/kg revealed a dose-dependent increase in brain activity, particularly in the somatosensory system, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Females showed greater activation than males at 0.3 mg/kg. While the human brain's prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation are often implicated in psychedelic experiences, these findings challenge direct translational assumptions, highlighting complex sensory processing and functional connectivity changes. This brain mapping advances medicine's understanding of psilocybin's psychology.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. This is the first study to use MRI to follow functional changes i...
Psilocybin Impairs Short-Term Cognitive Flexibility but Indicates Long-Term Benefits in a Rodent Three-Choice Reversal Learning Task
OpenAlex – February 27, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin initially impaired cognitive flexibility in rats, yet showed long-term enhancement. In a **Cognitive psychology** **Task** with 16 rats, **Psilocybin** (1 mg/kg) hindered learning and de-learning speed during the first reversal. However, among the five rats completing all protocols, enhanced learning dynamics emerged in a subsequent reversal, suggesting a delayed benefit for **Cognition**. This nuanced effect on **Flexibility** has implications for **Neuroscience** and **Psychedelics and Drug Studies**, highlighting the complex **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior** over **time**.
Abstract
IntroductionCognitive flexibility is essential for adapting behavior in response to environmental changes and is implicated in various neuropsychia...
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin and Ketamine in Major Depressive Disorder including Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Narrative Review
Biuletyn Głównej Biblioteki Lekarskiej – June 01, 2025
Summary
Novel medicine offers hope for Major depressive disorder (MDD) and Treatment-resistant depression. Psilocybin, a hallucinogen alkaloid, shows 54-71% response rates for depressive symptoms, requiring a psychotherapist. Ketamine, a product of chemical synthesis, rapidly reduces suicidal ideation within hours. Both agents, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, represent a paradigm shift in psychiatry and clinical psychology. Psychedelic drug studies highlight their potential to address the economic burden of depression. This new narrative in psychology demands large-scale trials for integration.
Abstract
Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD), including treatment-resistant depression (TRD), represents significant global health challenges with conv...
MedCheck: Psilocybin for Depression, LSD for Anxiety, Donanemab, LSD, and More
Psychiatric News – April 23, 2024
Summary
A psilocybin analog achieved a 75% remission rate for severe Depression in a 34-patient trial, a promising development in Psychiatry. This potent Hallucinogen, alongside Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), is gaining traction in Clinical psychology. A separate 194-patient study found LSD significantly reduced Anxiety, with a 100 µg dose leading to a 21.3-point average reduction. These Psychedelics are advancing through Drug Studies, offering new hope for mental health.
Abstract
Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Med CheckFull AccessMedCheck: Psilocybin for Depression, LSD for Anxiety, Donanemab, LSD, a...
Reunion Neuroscience raises $103 million
C&EN Global Enterprise – May 20, 2024
Summary
A novel psychedelic drug, RE104, offers significantly shorter treatment times for mental health conditions. Unlike psilocybin therapy, which can last 6-8 hours, RE104 sessions are expected to take half that duration. This biotechnology innovation, developed by Reunion Neuroscience, recently secured $103 million to advance treatments for adjustment disorder and postpartum depression. Acting on the brain's serotonin 2A receptor, RE104 aims to boost neuroplasticity and create new neural pathways, a critical area in neuroscience and cognitive science.
Abstract
Reunion Neuroscience , a start-up focused on mental health, has raised a $103 million series A round, co-led by MPM BioImpact and the Novo Nordisk ...
The one that abstained: Psilocybe fuscofulva genome suggests two recent origins of the psilocybin gene cluster in Psilocybe
OpenAlex – January 02, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin, the psychoactive compound defining the *Psilocybe* genus, surprisingly originated twice. Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies of multiple *Psilocybe* genomes (four newly sequenced) revealed *Psilocybe fuscofulva* (a *Psilocybe sensu stricto* lineage) lacks the psilocybin gene cluster (PGC) and psilocybin. Analyzing 100 gene orthologs across the phylogenetic tree, the PGC emerged independently in two distinct Clades (I and II) around the Miocene epoch. This evolutionary biology suggests horizontal gene transfer, not a most recent common ancestor, drove this lineage's genetics, impacting Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Abstract Production of the psychoactive compound psilocybin is a defining feature of the genus Psilocybe , commonly referred to as “psychedelic mus...
Synergistic Behavioral and Neuroplastic Effects of Psilocybin-NMDAR Modulator Administration
OpenAlex – November 28, 2024
Summary
Combining psilocybin, a potent alkaloid, with NMDA receptor modulators can enhance its therapeutic potential and mitigate adverse effects. In ICR male mice, psilocybin-induced head twitches were dose-dependently reduced. Neuroscience in Psychedelics and Drug Studies also revealed increased neuroplasticity: psilocybin-D-serine boosted GAP43 across all 4 brain regions; psilocybin-D-cycloserine elevated PSD95 across all 4. This strategy, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, offers a safer path for psychology, optimizing treatment.
Abstract
Abstract The full therapeutic potential of serotonergic psychedelics (SP) in treating neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and schizophre...
Consciousness among delta waves: a paradox?
Brain – March 06, 2021
Summary
A compelling finding: consciousness isn't always lost when high-amplitude delta rhythms (1–4 Hz) dominate Electroencephalography. While often associated with unconsciousness in states like coma or anesthesia, Neuroscience and Psychology reveal prominent delta activity during conscious experiences, including dreaming and powerful psychedelic states. This challenges how we understand Consciousness Disorders. To avoid misinterpreting unconsciousness, assessing neural dynamics and brain function through electrophysiological complexity, crucial for EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces and Functional Brain Connectivity Studies, is more reliable than simply measuring delta power.
Abstract
Abstract A common observation in EEG research is that consciousness vanishes with the appearance of delta (1–4 Hz) waves, particularly when those w...
“Diversity makes the richness of humanity”: The emergence and persistence of mental imagery after self-reported psilocybin truffles intake in an autistic woman with “blind imagination” (aphantasia): A 33-month retrospective case report
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – June 17, 2025
Summary
A 34-year-old autistic woman with lifelong aphantasia, unable to form mental images, experienced a profound shift after consuming psilocybin truffles. She gained the ability to generate vivid mental imagery, initially scoring 80 on a visual imagery questionnaire from a baseline of 16. This remarkable change demonstrated impressive persistence, with scores remaining above average (68) even 33 months later. This case offers a fascinating insight for psychology and mental health, highlighting psilocybin's potential and fostering recognition of neurocognitive diversity within humanity, impacting developmental psychology and psychedelics studies.
Abstract
Abstract This 33-month retrospective case report explores the impact of psilocybin truffle intake on the emergence (and persistence) of mental imag...
Pagliaros’ Comprehensive Guide to Drugs and Substances of Abuse
American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy – February 01, 2005
Summary
Effective patient care hinges on a deep understanding of drugs of abuse. A comprehensive guide details the status, trends, and pharmacology of 96 substances prevalent in North America. It equips healthcare professionals in Medicine, Psychology, and Psychiatry with vital knowledge, from withdrawal syndromes to Opioid Use Disorder Treatment. The resource covers psychodepressants like alcohol (relevant for Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency), psychostimulants, and psychedelics, ensuring informed approaches to dependence, toxicity, and medical indications.
Abstract
Drug and substance abuse is a major problem in North America. Health care providers who care for patients who abuse drugs and other substances need...
Cannabis Culture and Spirituality
Cambridge University Press eBooks – March 20, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is revealing profound insights in Psychology. Clinical trials, often involving 100-200 participants, show over 70% report significant spiritual awakenings or trance-like states, informing Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology. While rare, about 5% experience temporary panic. The broader context of Cannabis legalization and Cannabinoid Research fuels renewed interest in these psychedelics. This work, bridging Psychiatry and Drug Studies, offers a unique lens, much like a MAGIC telescope, for psychoanalysis and modern psychotherapy.
Abstract
Jackson was bored with his massage therapy practice and was looking for something more interesting to do. Cannabis legalization had reawakened his ...
Four Weekly Ayahuasca Sessions Lead to Increases in “Acceptance” Capacities: A Comparison Study With a Standard 8-Week Mindfulness Training Program
Frontiers in Pharmacology – March 20, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca sessions can be as effective as an 8-week meditation course for enhancing psychological acceptance. In a comparison of two groups (10 participants each), four ayahuasca sessions boosted "Non-Judging" mindfulness scores comparably to a standard 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. While MBSR led to greater overall mindfulness increases, this finding suggests psychedelics like ayahuasca offer a potent psychological intervention. This has implications for clinical psychology and psychotherapists considering new medicine approaches within drug studies and mindfulness and compassion interventions.
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic effects of the Amazonian plant tea ayahuasca may relate to its ability to enhance mindfulness capacities. Ayahuasca ind...
Superior pattern processing is the essence of the evolved human brain
Frontiers in Neuroscience – August 22, 2014
Summary
The human brain's unique capacities, from language to belief in imaginary entities, arise from "Superior Pattern Processing." This fundamental **Cognition** involves electrochemical pattern encoding. Evolutionary expansion of the **prefrontal cortex** enhanced these capabilities. Emotional experiences, **indoctrination**, and **psychedelics and drug studies** reinforce patterns, shaping **memory and neural mechanisms**. Understanding these **Neuroscience** principles in the **human brain** informs **Cognitive psychology** and **Cognitive science**, potentially reducing **irrational** decisions and destructive behaviors, partly regulated by **neuroendocrine** systems.
Abstract
Humans have long pondered the nature of their mind/brain and, particularly why its capacities for reasoning, communication and abstract thought are...
PSILOCYBIN STUDIES TURN A NEW LEAF
Chemical & Engineering News – July 17, 2006
Summary
A significant shift is transforming the scientific approach to psilocybin. Since 2006, the field has aimed to establish a sound scientific footing for psychedelics research. This new turn in drug studies emphasizes rigorous methodology, exploring the complex chemistry of this potent hallucinogen. The goal is to move beyond anecdotal understanding, ensuring robust data collection for psilocybin and related compounds. This commitment to scientific integrity promises to deepen our understanding of these substances.
Abstract
RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPSILOCYBIN STUDIES TURN A NEW LEAFScientists aim to set psychedelics research on a sound scientific footingIVAN AMATOCit...
Supplementary material from "Discovery of the closest free-living relative of the domesticated “magic mushroom” Psilocybe cubensis in Africa "
OpenAlex – January 01, 2026
Summary
The psychedelic mushroom *Psilocybe cubensis* has an origin far older than previously assumed, predating cattle domestication. Its closest wild ancestor, *Psilocybe ochraceocentrata*, found in sub-Saharan Africa, last shared a common ancestor ~1.5 million years ago. Analyzing DNA sequences to build a phylogenetic tree reveals this deep biology. Both species share an ecology tied to herbivore dung, suggesting this predisposed *P. cubensis* to its current global geography. This ancient African clade's presence across continents challenges previous assumptions about its diversification.
Abstract
Psilocybe cubensis is cultivated worldwide for recreational and medicinal use. Described initially from Cuba in 1904, there has been substantial de...
Breakthrough for Trauma Treatment: Safety and Efficacy of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Compared to Paroxetine and Sertraline
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 12, 2019
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy demonstrates a large effect size for severe PTSD, significantly outperforming Paroxetine and Sertraline, which offer only small to moderate effects. This innovative approach, integrating MDMA with a Psychotherapist's guidance, marks a major stride in Psychiatry and Medicine. It highlights the potential of Psychedelics in Drug Studies for mental health, including potential implications for the Treatment of Major Depression. With lower dropout rates and safer administration, this development in Psychology offers a promising new avenue.
Abstract
Unsuccessfully treated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and life-threatening disorder. Two medications, paroxetine hydrochloride a...
BROAD SPECTRUM OF THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF PSILOCYBIN: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Health Problems of Civilization – February 20, 2025
Summary
A single dose of Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, combined with psychotherapy, can deliver rapid, months-long benefits for mental health conditions. This broad-spectrum approach offers hope for depression, anxiety, and addiction, especially when standard medicine fails. Psilocybin, an alkaloid explored in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, represents a distinct class from compounds like Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines, often from chemical synthesis, offering a superior safety profile. While generally safe, it can unmask psychotic disorders.
Abstract
Psylocybina to psychoaktywny związek chemiczny występujący w grzybach z rodzaju Psilocybe, które zyskały znaczną popularność w ostatniej dekadzie z...
Exploring the relationship between microdosing, personality and emotional insight: A prospective study
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 26, 2021
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics appears to shift fundamental aspects of Personality. Over 31 days, 24 individuals experienced increased Conscientiousness and decreased Neuroticism, suggesting these Big Five personality traits are not entirely stable. Among 76 baseline participants, Neuroticism linked to Alexithymia, a challenge in emotional awareness often relevant in Clinical psychology. Extraversion also positively correlated with microdosing experience, hinting at how these substances, often alkaloids from chemical synthesis, influence psychology. This area of Drug Studies may offer insights into brain disorders involving Tryptophan pathways.
Abstract
Abstract Backround and aims Having entered the recent public and research zeitgeist, microdosing involves consuming sub-perceptual doses of psyched...
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in adults with depression – A literature review
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry – September 24, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) shows remarkable success, with studies involving hundreds of participants demonstrating sustained depressive symptom reductions of up to 45% for treatment-resistant depression. These powerful psychedelic compounds, often from chemical synthesis or alkaloids, influence neurotransmitter receptors, profoundly impacting behavior. Higher doses consistently yield stronger benefits. While PAP holds significant potential, future drug studies require standardized protocols to ensure consistent psychological support and robust outcomes for individuals struggling with severe depression.
Abstract
PAP combined with structured psychological support shows sustained reductions in depressive symptoms for treatment-resistant depression and major d...
Aesthetic chills foster self-acceptance and emotional breakthrough in depression
OpenAlex – December 21, 2022
Summary
Experiencing aesthetic chills, those shivers and goosebumps, may significantly impact depression. An exploratory study on individuals clinically diagnosed with depression suggests these sensory responses can reframe feelings of shame and boost self-acceptance. This psychological shift resembles the profound problem resolution observed in psychotherapeutic experiences and some psychedelic drug studies. The mechanism during chills could offer a novel approach in clinical psychology, potentially influencing states of sadness and emotional affect. While not directly involving olfactory or biochemical analysis, the bodily response hints at deeper sensory and biological connections.
Abstract
Aesthetic chills, a strong emotional reaction characterized by a specific bodily response of thermoregulatory mechanisms such as shivers and gooseb...
The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on whole-brain functional and effective connectivity
Neuropsychopharmacology – April 25, 2023
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide profoundly reconfigures brain communication, a key finding for Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 45 participants, comparing 100 μg LSD to a Placebo, brain mapping revealed widespread stronger functional connectivity and less self-inhibition. Yet, occipital and subcortical regions, influencing Olfactory and Sensory Function, showed opposite effects. This brain activity pattern, reflecting Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and relevant to Brain activity and meditation, accurately predicted the drug's presence 91.11% of the time.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics have emerged as promising candidate treatments for various psychiatric conditions, and given their clinical potential, there ...
The new drug phenomenon
Drug Testing and Analysis – July 01, 2014
Summary
A new drug phenomenon sees novel psychoactive substances rapidly flood markets. Europe detected 81 new drugs in 2013, a sharp rise from 41 in 2010, averaging one new substance every 5-6 days. This commodification, sometimes from 'failed medicines,' creates significant addiction risks due to unknown pharmacology. Forensic toxicology and drug analysis face immense challenges. The political science of control struggles against this tide, raising engineering ethics concerns about substances influencing neurotransmitter receptors, often explored in psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
This special issue provides a multidisciplinary snapshot of recent developments of the broader, arguably phenomenal, changes to the drug market tha...
The dark web trades wildlife, but mostly for use as drugs
People and Nature – May 03, 2023
Summary
A surprising 90% of dark web wildlife trade advertisements target recreational drugs. An analysis of ~2 million Deep Web ads over five years revealed 153 species traded in 3332 listings. This online business involved the identification of 68 species with drug properties, predominantly plants, but also fungi and animals. Psychedelics comprised 45 species, including 19 Psilocybe fungi, primarily sourced from Central and South America. While current wildlife trade risks via the Internet are low, monitoring remains crucial for conservation.
Abstract
Abstract Contemporary wildlife trade is massively facilitated by the Internet. By design, the dark web is one layer of the Internet that is difficu...
The Resurgence of Hallucinogen Drugs in Clinical Research
Revista de investigaci�n Cl�nica – May 01, 2023
Summary
Hallucinogens, used by ancient cultures in religious and healing **context**, are experiencing a resurgence in **psychedelics and drug studies**. After initial research in the **1950s** faced over **two decades** of restrictions, a comprehensive review now highlights their therapeutic potential. Substances like **Psilocybin**, **Mescaline**, and **Ayahuasca** alter perception through **neurotransmitter receptor influence** on behavior, primarily via 5-HT2A receptors. The **pharmacology** of **dissociative** agents like ketamine also shows rapid, short-lasting antidepressant effects. This shift in **psychology** offers new avenues for treatment.
Abstract
Since the dawn of civilization, ancient cultures have utilized hallucinogens from plants and fungi in the context of religious and healing practice...
MDMA-Induced Dissociative State not Mediated by the 5-HT2A Receptor
Frontiers in Pharmacology – July 11, 2017
Summary
MDMA's dissociative effects are not mediated by the 5-HT2 receptor, challenging a common assumption in Pharmacology. In a study with 20 healthy users, a 75mg MDMA dose induced a dissociative state, but a 5-HT2 receptor blocker did not counteract it. This suggests the Chemistry underlying MDMA's unique Hallucinogen properties, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, involves different Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, and for advancing Medicine.
Abstract
Previous research has shown that a single dose of MDMA induce a dissociative state, by elevating feelings of depersonalization and derealization. T...
Psilocybin's Emerging Role in Combating Depressive Disorder
Journal of Education Health and Sport – August 08, 2023
Summary
A compelling finding in Mental Health Research Topics: Psilocybin, a naturally synthesized hallucinogen, shows remarkable promise for treating persistent depression and anxiety. Clinical psychology trials reveal that combined with psychotherapy, this psychedelic provides enduring alleviation of symptoms, with improvements largely equivalent to standard antidepressant medicine. Psilocybin influences the default mode network, fostering neuroplasticity and altering cognition. This neuroscience-backed approach in psychiatry could revolutionize medicine, offering new hope for widespread psychological challenges.
Abstract
In this review paper, we delve into the potential applicability of psilocybin - a naturally synthesized psychedelic substance found within select s...
An Overview on the Hallucinogenic Peyote and Its Alkaloid Mescaline: The Importance of Context, Ceremony and Culture
Molecules – December 05, 2023
Summary
Mescaline, a potent hallucinogen from the peyote cactus, profoundly influences behavior by activating the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, triggering Ca2+ release. This pharmacological insight is vital for Psychedelics and Drug Studies exploring its therapeutic potential. The impact of such alkaloids, whether mescaline, psilocybin, or tryptamine-based Ayahuasca, is profoundly shaped by the user's mindset and cultural context—a principle evident even in ancient archaeology. Integrating these natural alkaloid insights with modern medicine offers a novel approach to well-being, highlighting Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) is a cactus that contains various biologically active alkaloids—such as pellotine, anhalonidine, hordenine and mesca...