3034 results for "Psilocybin"
UNRAVELing the synergistic effects of psilocybin and environment on brain-wide immediate early gene expression in mice
OpenAlex – February 21, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters brain activity regardless of environment. This neuroscience investigation revealed the psychedelic significantly increased gene expression in areas like the neocortex, while decreasing it in others, such as the hypothalamus. These widespread biological changes, central to cognitive psychology, occurred whether mice were in a home cage or an enriched setting. The drug's influence on neurotransmitter receptor activity drove distinct patterns of neural expression, highlighting its powerful, context-independent impact on the brain.
Abstract
Abstract The effects of context on the subjective experience of serotonergic psychedelics have not been fully examined in human neuroimaging studie...
Psilocybin and Psilocin
OpenAlex – March 09, 2000
Summary
Psilocybin mushrooms are notably more popular than LSD among college students, with 15% reporting use compared to just 5% for LSD. These "mind-revealing" mushrooms, containing psilocybin and psilocin, have a long history, used ritualistically by Mexican Native Americans for thousands of years. Modern recreational appeal extends to younger demographics; a California survey found 3.4% of seventh graders and 8.8% of eleventh graders had used them, often cultivated at home from readily available spores.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin and psilocin are indolealkylamines present in Central American Psilocybe species of mushrooms and in Panaeolus mushroom species...
Einstellungen von Expertinnen und Experten für psychische Gesundheit gegenüber Psilocybin
Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie – June 20, 2022
Summary
Over half of 530 surveyed mental health professionals, including psychiatrists and psychotherapists, consider Psilocybin-assisted therapy highly promising for conditions like depression. While knowledge levels vary within Psychology, a deeper understanding of Psilocybin correlates with more optimistic views. Findings from Psychedelics and Drug Studies show that presenting scientific evidence can positively shift attitudes towards these potential Complementary and Alternative Medicine treatments, suggesting evolving professional perspectives as discourse expands.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie In den letzten Jahren konnten Studien, in denen die Verwendung von Psilocybin zur Behandlung psychischer Störungen ...
Mice lacking the serotonin transporter do not respond to the behavioural effects of psilocybin.
European journal of pharmacology – March 15, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin's therapeutic effects may depend on a functioning serotonin transporter (5-HTT) in the brain. When researchers removed this transporter in mice, the animals showed no response to psilocybin's typical effects on behavior and movement. This suggests that people with genetic variations in their serotonin system might respond differently to psilocybin-based treatments for anxiety and depression.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with therapeutic potential for several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety disord...
Psilocybin history, action and reaction: A narrative clinical review
Journal of Psychopharmacology – August 31, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, holds modest promise in psychiatry for treating anxiety and depression, with early data also suggesting benefits for alcohol use disorders. While supervised psilocybin therapy in medicine typically yields mild, transient adverse effects, and severe events are uncommon, one recent clinical trial observed increased suicidal ideation. This critical finding from psychedelics and drug studies highlights complex psychological considerations for this compound, derived from natural alkaloids, as it moves towards broader therapeutic application.
Abstract
Hallucinogenic mushrooms have been used in religious and cultural ceremonies for centuries. Of late, psilocybin, the psychoactive compound in hallu...
Psychedelic Mushrooms: The Use of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Mental Disorders
Annals of Bioethics & Clinical Applications – January 01, 2024
Summary
Advances in psychopharmacology have benefited thousands of patients, and psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is emerging as a promising treatment in Psychiatry. Preliminary evidence from Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggests marked improvements in mental health with psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, delivered by a psychotherapist. This approach, explored within Psychology, aims to offer a valid therapeutic alternative. While safety and efficacy are primary objectives, some findings confirm psilocybin's safety in controlled environments, positioning it in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
Psychedelics are a class of hallucinogenic drugs. They have been explored particularly for treatment-resistant psychiatric illnesses. In recent yea...
Resurrecting Ancestral Familial Health: A Role for Psilocybin?
The Family Journal – August 09, 2024
Summary
A novel approach suggests high-dose psilocybin, a compound derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, could revolutionize family Psychology. This perspective, informed by Developmental psychology and Social psychology, proposes a family-centered therapy where a psychotherapist integrates psychedelics with interventions like family constellations. Evidence from Drug Studies indicates this model can realign modern families with our evolved social mammalian physiological design, fostering empathy, connection, and well-being. It offers a path to heal intergenerational trauma and enhance family systems.
Abstract
Background: Research investigating high-dose, high-support psilocybin-assisted therapy reports significant psychological benefits, increased consci...
Psilocybin treatment for symptoms of depression: a living systematic review, meta-analysis, and data resource
OpenAlex – August 16, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen with specific chemical synthesis, significantly reduces depression symptoms, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis of nine studies involving 529 participants. This robust finding (Hedges’ g = -0.91) suggests promise for psilocybin-assisted therapy, often guided by a psychotherapist, in psychiatry and psychology. Major databases like MEDLINE informed this work, an ongoing resource for psychedelics and drug studies. This medicine-focused analysis hints at psilocybin's neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, addressing depression's global economic burden.
Abstract
Abstract Importance Depression is a major cause of disability worldwide, motivating substantial interest in psilocybin as a potential treatment. Ob...
The psychedelic renaissance: can psilocybin possibly combat depression?
International Journal of Surgery Global Health – November 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin shows significant promise for mental health. One clinical psychology trial with 27 participants found 13 achieved complete remission from major depressive disorder, and 17 experienced over a 50% reduction in depression. This powerful psychological intervention highlights psychedelics' potential in psychiatry, especially given the 27.6% rise in depression across the population. Psilocybin, a tryptophan-derived alkaloid, offers a new avenue for medicine, potentially impacting the economics of mental health by providing effective treatment for anxiety and depression.
Abstract
Mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety are major contributors to the overall global health burden. COVID-19 has further aggravated ...
HOPE: A Pilot Study of Psilocybin Enhanced Group Psychotherapy in Patients With Cancer.
Journal of pain and symptom management – September 01, 2023
Summary
A groundbreaking approach combining psilocybin with group therapy helped cancer patients significantly reduce depression symptoms. Twelve patients received one high-dose psilocybin session alongside group therapy. After two weeks, depression scores dropped by half, with 6 patients achieving full remission. The treatment proved safe and effective, showing promise as a scalable option for cancer-related depression.
Abstract
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy shows promise in treating depression and existential distress in people with serious medical illness. However, it...
Therapeutic effect of psilocybin in addiction: A systematic review
Frontiers in Psychiatry – February 09, 2023
Summary
A systematic review of clinical trials reveals psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, shows promise as a medicine for addiction. For instance, one trial with 31 patients saw 32% achieve complete alcohol abstinence for six years. Another, involving 95 participants, reduced heavy drinking days by 13.9% compared to placebo. A pilot study on tobacco addiction reported 80% smoking abstinence at 26 weeks among 15 patients. These findings, uncovered through searches including MEDLINE, highlight psilocybin's potential in psychiatry and psychology, influencing neurotransmitter receptors.
Abstract
Background Psychedelic-assisted therapy [e.g., with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)] has shown promising results as treatment for substance use di...
Mushroom bioactives—polysaccharides to psilocybin: a viewpoint on the therapeutic use of mushrooms for consumers and patients for health and neuroplasticity
Translational Food Sciences – January 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin-containing mushrooms show compelling potential to aid trauma and foster neuroplasticity, sparking renewed interest in complementary and alternative medicine studies. Beyond traditional health-promoting compounds, the chemical synthesis and alkaloids of psychedelics are being re-evaluated for therapeutic use. Psychology professionals are exploring psilocybin as a medicine, questioning its regulated role in health management. This debate asks if these mushroom-derived compounds should be integrated into mainstream medicine, considering necessary safeguards for such drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract The use of mushrooms in health-promoting foods and substances is widely studied. There are compelling data to indicate that polysaccharide...
Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity.
NeuroImage – October 15, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin profoundly alter perception, and new insights reveal how. Using advanced Functional MRI and Independent component analysis on Resting state brain activity, researchers precisely mapped how psilocybin affects the Thalamus – the brain's sensory relay center. Instead of treating it as one unit, this approach unveiled specific changes in functional connectivity and Thalamocortical connectivity within distinct thalamic sub-regions. Psilocybin significantly reorganized these areas, particularly decreasing connections to visual and default mode networks. These specific alterations, not seen with broader analyses, correlated with reported subjective experiences, offering a clearer understanding of how psilocybin influences brain organization.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, and other serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonists evoke acute alterations in perception and cogn...
Effects of psilocybin on functional connectivity measured with fNIRS: Insights from a single-subject pilot study
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) – January 01, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin dramatically alters brain activity, a finding now detectable with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In a pilot subject, a 31-year-old man received 17 mg of psilocybin. Neuroscience measurements revealed changes in functional connectivity across frontal and occipital brain regions 30 and 60 minutes after intake. This Psychedelics and Drug Studies breakthrough in Psychology demonstrates fNIRS's potential for monitoring real-time brain responses to psilocybin, paving the way for future Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies and Cognitive psychology investigations.
Abstract
The serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin has characteristic effects on human brain activity and subjective experience. Previous functional magnetic...
At the Forefront: Social Workers’ Role in Psilocybin Treatment for Depression and Substance Misuse
Social Work – May 02, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, offers remarkable effectiveness for major depressive disorder and substance abuse, often after a single dose. This promising approach in medicine, particularly within psychiatry and psychology, is gaining traction. Clinical trials highlight psilocybin's long-lasting posttreatment effects, demonstrating its potential as a novel treatment. Social workers are crucial in integrating this psychedelic medicine into therapeutic practice, working alongside psychotherapists. This area of drug studies is rapidly evolving, recognized by the FDA as a "breakthrough therapy."
Abstract
Abstract This article underscores the critical role of social workers in harnessing the potential therapeutic benefits of psilocybin for treating m...
Abstract C001: A pilot study of palliadelic treatment with psilocybin to reduce psychological distress and improve quality of life in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Cancer Research – January 16, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted therapy has shown significant, rapid improvement in anxiety, depression, and quality of life for cancer patients. Now, an initial study is exploring this psychedelic medicine within palliative care for advanced pancreatic cancer. With a planned 12 subjects, this oncology research aims to determine how practical and safe psilocybin is for reducing mental health distress. A single 25mg psilocybin dose, combined with counseling, will assess changes in brain activity and quality of life, potentially offering a new approach to managing severe cancer-related distress.
Abstract
Abstract Background: Psychological distress is a common reaction to a cancer diagnosis and its treatment. Distress impacts quality of life, adheren...
Psilocybin induces acute anxiety and changes in amygdalar phosphopeptides independently from the 5-HT2A receptor
iScience – April 09, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, Psilocybin, a potent Hallucinogen explored in Medicine for Anxiety, can induce acute anxiety via distinct brain pathways. Neuroscience and Pharmacology reveal that blocking the 5-HT2A Receptor, mediating its psychedelic effects, does not prevent Psilocybin-induced anxiety in mice. Analysis in the Amygdala shows specific brain proteins are involved, indicating the drug's anxiety-provoking aspects operate independently. This insight from Psychedelics and Drug Studies into Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior is crucial for developing safer alkaloid-based treatments, informing Psychology and future chemical synthesis.
Abstract
Psilocybin, and its metabolite psilocin, induces psychedelic effects through activation of the 5-HT2A receptor. Psilocybin has been proposed as a t...
Exposure therapy under psilocybin for general anxiety disorder and claustrophobia
Research Square (Research Square) – May 12, 2023
Summary
A patient suffering severe claustrophobia and anxiety, unresponsive to conventional treatment, found profound relief through psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy. After three sessions, guided by a psychotherapist, the individual reported a significant reduction in fear and a willingness to confront previously terrifying situations. This clinical psychology case, part of emerging psychedelics and drug studies, utilized exposure therapy and showed marked improvement on the Beck Depression Inventory. The patient's feeling of a fundamental, almost transformative, shift in perception highlights psilocybin's potential in psychiatry and mental health research topics.
Abstract
Abstract Case report of a patient with GAD and claustrophobia who underwent exposure therapy using psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy. The patient h...
CNSC-36. PSILOCYBIN INDUCES SUSTAINED GLIOMA GROWTH THROUGH SEROTONERGIC AND TRKB PATHWAYS
Neuro-Oncology – November 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic gaining interest for cancer patients, significantly boosted aggressive brain tumor growth. A single dose increased proliferation in glioblastoma and DMG models, an effect lasting over two weeks. Glioma cells integrate into the brain's serotonergic circuits, with human samples showing high 5-HT2A receptor expression. Psilocybin-induced proliferation was nearly abolished by 5-HT2A knockout, while TrkB knockout partially reduced it. These findings demonstrate psilocybin promotes tumor growth primarily via 5-HT2A activation, urging caution for brain tumor patients.
Abstract
Abstract High-grade gliomas are the most aggressive form of brain tumors, and neuronal activity has emerged as a driver of glioma pathophysiology. ...
ANXIOLYTIC- AND PROCOGNITIVE-LIKE EFFECTS OF A 30-DAY CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH A LOW NON-PSYCHEDELIC DOSE OF PSILOCYBIN IN C57BL/6J MICE
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – February 01, 2025
Summary
Chronic, low-dose psilocybin, a natural hallucinogen and alkaloid, shows significant anxiolytic potential for Psychiatry. Administering 0.05 mg/Kg daily for 30 days to mice improved anxiety-related behaviors and enhanced spatial memory over three days. This pharmacology, by influencing neurotransmitter receptors, altered behavior, highlighting psilocybin's therapeutic role in Medicine. These Neuroscience and Psychology insights, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggest its unique chemical synthesis and alkaloids offer benefits without adverse effects.
Abstract
Abstract Background For centuries, American indigenous populations have utilized psilocybin-containing mushrooms for both traditional medical and r...
Investigating the therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin in advanced cancer patients: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis
World Journal of Clinical Oncology – July 16, 2024
Summary
Profound anxiety relief emerges for advanced cancer patients undergoing psilocybin-assisted therapy. A meta-analysis of 7 studies, encompassing 132 participants, revealed substantial reductions in anxiety, with effect sizes of 35.15 at 4.5 months and 33.06 at 6.5 months. This medicine, a psychedelic alkaloid, also improved quality of life and pain control. Such findings are crucial for oncology and intensive care medicine, enriching diverse academic research themes in Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic compound found in certain species of mushrooms, is known for its effects on anxiety and de...
Reduced brain responsiveness to emotional stimuli with escitalopram but not psilocybin therapy for depression
OpenAlex – June 03, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin therapy for major depressive disorder matches escitalopram's effectiveness, but their brain effects differ. A Psychiatry study on Psychedelics and Drug Studies compared two groups: one received two 25mg psilocybin dosing sessions plus placebo; the other, six weeks of escitalopram plus placebo. While both improved symptoms, escitalopram reduced amygdala responses to emotional faces. Psilocybin, through its psychology-focused approach, showed no such reduction, suggesting distinct Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. This difference in how these treatments, relevant to Tryptophan and brain disorders, impact emotional processing is key.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin therapy is an emerging intervention for depression that may be at least as effective as standard first-line treatments i.e., Se...
Have Norwegians tried psilocybin, and do they accept it as a medicine?
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – April 16, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, 51% of Norwegians are open to psilocybin as medicine, a promising development for upcoming clinical trials in psychiatry and psychology. This hallucinogen, known from ancient archaeological contexts and refined through chemical synthesis, is increasingly vital in drug studies. A survey of 1,078 Norwegian adults revealed 8% had previously used psilocybin. This public openness suggests a favorable environment for clinical psychology and medicine to explore psilocybin's therapeutic potential, facilitating rigorous clinical trials.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psilocybin is emerging as a promising therapeutic agent for a wide range of psychiatric conditions, and clinical trials on psil...
Neuroprotective effects of psilocybin in a rat model of stroke.
BMC neuroscience – October 08, 2024
Summary
The psychedelic compound psilocybin shows remarkable promise in protecting brain cells during stroke events. When administered to rats before or shortly after stroke simulation, this naturally-occurring substance reduced brain damage and improved movement recovery. The protective effects work through BDNF, a key protein that helps brain cells survive and adapt. Results showed less brain tissue damage and better physical function in treated rats.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a psychedelic 5HT2A receptor agonist found in "magic mushrooms". Recent studies have indicated that 5HT2A agonists, such as dimethylt...
Lasting effects of a single psilocybin dose on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy individuals
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 30, 2021
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin, a compound from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, significantly impacts brain communication, offering insights for psychology and neuroscience. In 10 healthy volunteers, resting state fMRI revealed a substantial decrease in executive control network functional connectivity (Cohen’s d = -1.73) one week later. This shift predicted increased mindfulness three months on (r = -0.65). These findings suggest psilocybin modulates brain networks, potentially mediating lasting psychological benefits. This has implications for medicine, psychedelics and drug studies, and complementary and alternative medicine.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin is a psychedelic drug that has shown lasting positive effects on clinical symptoms and self-reported well-being following a ...
Psilocybin during the postpartum period induces long-lasting adverse effects in both mothers and offspring
Nature Communications – September 30, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies uncovered a crucial risk: psilocybin, a compound with mental health promise, surprisingly increased anxiety in mother mice. Virgin females remained unaffected, but mothers treated with psilocybin became more anxious weeks later, disrupting neuroendocrine regulation and behavior. Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor influence on behavior was notably reduced in these mothers. Moreover, offspring exposed to maternal psilocybin during breastfeeding exhibited anhedonia as adults. This indicates unique vulnerabilities for both mothers and children regarding psychedelic treatment postpartum.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin increases social connectedness and has strong clinical transdiagnostic efficacy for mental illness, making it a candidate treat...
Psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain.
Nature – August 01, 2024
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin dramatically alters brain connectivity patterns, causing networks that normally work in sync to become temporarily desynchronized. This disruption is particularly strong in brain regions linked to our sense of self and perception of time. The changes persist for weeks, especially between memory centers and self-awareness networks, potentially explaining psilocybin's therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
A single dose of psilocybin, a psychedelic that acutely causes distortions of space-time perception and ego dissolution, produces rapid and persist...
A Randomised, Triple-Blind, Dose-Finding Study of the Impact of Psilocybin on Motor Function in Healthy Participants
OpenAlex – December 23, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, psilocybin appears largely safe for motor activity, suggesting promise for physical medicine and rehabilitation. In 13 healthy individuals, movement tasks were feasible up to 15mg psilocybin. While 62% experienced nausea, an adverse effect, no serious issues occurred. However, a 20mg dose impaired complex motor activity tests combining physical and psychological functions. Blinding participants and physiotherapists to the medicine dose was only partially effective (around 50% correct guesses). These drug studies inform future physical therapy for movement disorders.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psychedelics exert widespread effects on brain activity, but their impact on motor function is unclear. This is clinically rele...
Evolution and horizontal transfer of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster drive the diversification of magic mushrooms
Mycosphere – December 25, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin's genetic journey is remarkably dynamic. Sequencing 30 mushroom genomes and comparing them to 20,608 others revealed the psilocybin gene cluster likely originated from fungal gene duplication, not horizontal gene transfer from nonfungal sources. Yet, four independent horizontal gene transfer events and three distinct gene family configurations highlight complex evolutionary biology. Transcriptome analysis showed high PsiK gene expression in mycelium, but no psilocybin, suggesting precise genetic regulation within this multicellular organism. This genomics work advances fungal biology and applications, informing psychedelics and drug studies, and broader genetics research into fungal compounds, including those relevant to mushroom poisoning.
Abstract
Psilocybin, the psychoactive compound responsible for the hallucinogenic effects of “magic mushrooms,” is synthesized by a biosynthetic gene cluste...
Acute psilocybin increased cortical activities in rats
Frontiers in Neuroscience – May 23, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, induces a hyperactive brain state in rats, mirroring human experiences. Neuroscience research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals that just ten minutes after a 2.0 mg/kg dose, this psychedelic compound activates regions like the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and striatum. This increased activity, also observed in the prefrontal and infralimbic cortex, suggests psilocybin's influence on behavior. Psychedelics and Drug Studies illuminate neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, potentially addressing brain disorders and pathways involving tryptophan.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring hallucinogenic component of magic mushrooms, has significant psychoactive effects in both humans and rodents. But...
Data: Evolution and horizontal transfer of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster drive the diversification of magic mushrooms
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – December 24, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, the compound in "magic mushrooms," is produced by a unique gene cluster. Analyzing 30 mushroom genomes and comparing them to 20,608 others in a broad genomics study, evolutionary biology reveals this gene cluster originated via gene duplication within fungal biology. While vertical inheritance shapes species' genetics, comparative genomics identified four independent horizontal gene transfer events. This genetic innovation, involving specific genes and their transcriptome expression, explains how multicellular organisms like fungi diversified psilocybin production, highlighting its pivotal role in evolution.
Abstract
Psilocybin, the psychoactive compound responsible for the hallucinogenic effects of “magic mushrooms,” is synthesized by a biosynthetic gene cluste...
Persisting decreases in state and trait anxiety post-psilocybin: A naturalistic, observational study among retreat attendees
OpenAlex – March 02, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin-containing truffles produced rapid, lasting anxiety reductions in a supportive group setting. For 52 volunteers, consuming an average of 27.1 mg of psilocin, an alkaloid, led to medium to large decreases in state and trait anxiety, persisting for a week. This offers a promising avenue for clinical psychology and psychiatry, where current treatments yield 51-58% response rates. The powerful psychedelic experience, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, enhanced mindfulness and reduced neuroticism, impacting behavior and psychological well-being.
Abstract
Abstract Anxiety disorders are the most common type of psychiatric disorders among Western countries. Evidence-based treatment modalities including...
Genetische und biochemische Grundlage der Indolalkaloidbildung in Basidiomyceten und biotechnologische Produktion des Psilocybins
Common Library Network (Der Gemeinsame Bibliotheksverbund) – January 01, 2020
Summary
The intricate molecular biology governing psilocybin production in fungi has been fully deciphered. Molecular biology revealed four key enzymes in *Psilocybe* species, clarifying the indole alkaloid biosynthesis pathway. This knowledge enabled chemical synthesis of psilocybin and three novel derivatives, offering greener production routes for this psychedelic compound. Further fungal biology analyses identified β-Carbolines, potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors, suggesting a synergistic effect on psilocybin's action in drug studies. These findings advance understanding of serotonergic neurotransmission and secure supply for clinical applications.
Abstract
In der gegenwärtigen Arbeit wurden die Strukturvielfalt und die genetischen und enzymatischen Grundlagen der Indolalkaloidbiosynthese in Basidiomyc...
Evaluating the effectiveness of psilocybin in alleviating distress among cancer patients: A systematic review
Palliative & Supportive Care – January 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin therapy offers significant hope for cancer patients experiencing psychological distress. Drawing from 14 studies, including three randomized controlled trials, a meta-analysis found consistent, sustained reductions in depression and anxiety. Psychedelics and Drug Studies, drawing from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library, show this medicine notably improved quality of life. While a psychotherapist guides treatment, adverse effects were generally mild. This promising approach suggests psilocybin, an alkaloid, could be a vital complementary medicine for cancer-related distress, impacting clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Objectives Psychological and existential distress is prevalent among patients with life-threatening cancer, significantly impacting their ...
Evaluating the effectiveness of psilocybin in alleviating distress among cancer patients: A systematic review.
Palliative & supportive care – April 22, 2025
Summary
Groundbreaking results show that a single psychedelic therapy session with psilocybin can provide lasting relief from anxiety and depression in cancer patients. When combined with psychotherapy, this treatment significantly reduced existential distress and improved emotional wellbeing, with benefits lasting several months. Multiple trials found minimal side effects.
Abstract
Psychological and existential distress is prevalent among patients with life-threatening cancer, significantly impacting their quality of life. Psi...
Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity
OpenAlex – March 02, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters perception and cognition. Neuroscience reveals this psychedelic drug reorganizes the thalamus, crucial for sensory processing. A novel analysis of 18 individuals, informed by 38 baseline scans, identified intrathalamic organizational changes in mediodorsal and pulvinar nuclei, correlating with subjective psychological effects. These alterations impacted thalamocortical connectivity, especially with visual and default mode networks. This nuanced understanding of psilocybin's neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, relevant for drug studies and tryptophan-related brain research, suggests focal changes, not uniform effects.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT 2AR ) agonist psychedelics including psilocybin and LSD (“classic” psychedelics) evoke acute altera...
Study Protocol for “Psilocybin as a Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study”
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 20, 2021
Summary
A groundbreaking protocol in clinical psychology explores psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, for severe Anorexia nervosa. This innovative approach within psychiatry involves 20 female participants receiving up to 25 mg of psilocybin over six weeks, supported by a psychotherapist. Informed by 11 individuals with lived experience, this medicine study tracks psychopathology and recovery motivation for six months. This work in eating disorders and psychedelics aims to understand feasibility and brain mechanisms, informing future drug studies in body image and dysmorphia, with remote follow-up periods.
Abstract
Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and life-threatening psychiatric condition. With a paucity of approved treatments, there is a desper...
Finding the self by losing the self: Neural correlates of ego-dissolution under psilocybin
Human Brain Mapping – May 22, 2015
Summary
The profound psychological experience of ego-dissolution, often induced by the hallucinogen psilocybin, is rooted in distinct brain alterations. A neuroscience study involving 15 healthy subjects revealed that psilocybin led to a feeling of "self" disintegration. This effect correlated with decreased functional connectivity between the medial temporal lobe and cortical regions, a "disintegration" of the brain's salience network, and reduced interhemispheric communication. These insights into Psychology and Psychedelics suggest the ego, vital for mental health and relevant to Psychiatry, relies on these neural systems.
Abstract
Ego-disturbances have been a topic in schizophrenia research since the earliest clinical descriptions of the disorder. Manifesting as a feeling tha...
The Effects of Educational Materials on Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Psilocybin
OpenAlex – December 15, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) offers hope for the nearly 50% of individuals with major depressive disorder who do not respond to traditional antidepressants. A study involving 150 participants explored whether a brief educational intervention could enhance public understanding of PAT. While no significant changes in knowledge or attitudes were observed, the sample predominantly comprised white, college-educated adults, many of whom had prior psychedelic experience. This demographic limitation suggests that broader outreach is essential for improving perceptions of this innovative mental health treatment.
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent and burdensome mental health conditions worldwide, affecting millions and contributing to over 700,000 deat...
PSILOCYBIN IN PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE AND PSYCHEDELIC-ASSISTED THERAPY FOR TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION
International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science – January 28, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin therapy delivers rapid, robust, and sustained antidepressant effects for major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression, often after just one or two sessions. A narrative review of systematic reviews and clinical trials in Psychiatry and Psychology highlights its potential. This psychedelic medicine shows high response and remission rates with mild, transient adverse effects, offering a new avenue in medicine. Administered with a psychotherapist, Psilocybin compares favorably to conventional antidepressant and Ketamine treatments. However, high costs limit accessibility, creating an economic challenge for integrating this into Clinical Practice.
Abstract
This manuscript comprehensively reviews psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. It aims to sy...
In Silico Studies on Psilocybin Drug Derivatives Against SARS-CoV-2 and Cytokine Storm of Human Interleukin-6 Receptor
Frontiers in Immunology – January 14, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound, shows exciting potential against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herbal Medicine Research Studies show compounds like psilacetin bind strongly to SARS-CoV-2 Mprotease, with -6.0 kcal/mol binding energy. This Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Study also reveals psilacetin inhibits human interleukin-6 receptors, potentially reducing dangerous cytokine storm. Such pharmacology and biochemistry insights, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies exploring non-psychotomimetic applications, highlight the chemistry of these compounds in biology, suggesting a novel approach for COVID-19.
Abstract
Various metabolites identified with therapeutic mushrooms have been found from different sources and are known to have antibacterial, antiviral, an...
Cardioprotective Potential of the Ethanol and Water Extracts of Four Psilocybin Mushrooms on Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertrophy and Oxidative Stress on H9C2 Cardiomyocytes
Preprints.org – June 06, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin mushroom extracts demonstrate cardio-protective activity against Angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress, a key finding for Internal Medicine and Endocrinology. Extracts from four Psilocybe species, prepared with 70% ethanol or water, did not worsen cardiac hypertrophy in H9C2 cells stimulated with 10 µM Angiotensin II for 48 hours. Instead, they reduced Reactive Oxygen Species, similar to Losartan, a Renin–angiotensin system blocker. This Pharmacology and Biology research, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Fungal Biology, confirms beneficial Chemistry in these extracts, hinting at potential alkaloids.
Abstract
Psilocybin-containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms have antidepressant effect, however, their safety in cardiovascular diseases suc...
Study protocol for “Psilocybin in patients with fibromyalgia: brain biomarkers of action”
Frontiers in Psychiatry – June 04, 2024
Summary
A compelling new medicine protocol is investigating psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, for Fibromyalgia, a debilitating chronic pain condition. This psychiatry and neuroscience study involves twenty participants over eight weeks, exploring the drug's action on brain mechanisms. Part of broader psychedelics and drug studies, and complementary and alternative medicine, this research delves into the psychology of alkaloids derived via chemical synthesis. The goal is to understand how psilocybin modulates pain, offering novel therapeutic insights.
Abstract
Background Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Fibromyalgia is a particularly debilitating form of widespread chronic pain. Fi...
Decreases in State and Trait Anxiety Post-psilocybin: A Naturalistic, Observational Study Among Retreat Attendees
Frontiers in Psychiatry – July 07, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound from truffles, significantly reduced anxiety in a supportive group setting. Among 46 participants, average psilocin consumption was 27.1 mg. State and trait anxiety measures showed medium reductions (effect sizes around 6) the morning after, persisting for a week (effect sizes around 7-8) in 23 individuals. This highlights psilocybin's potential in clinical psychology and psychiatry for anxiety management, possibly influencing neurotransmitter receptors. Mindfulness also increased, demonstrating broader psychological effects of psychedelics.
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common type of psychiatric disorders among Western countries. Evidence-based treatment modalities including pharmaco...
Psilocybin in the real world: Regulatory, ethical, and operational challenges in Australia’s clinical landscape
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry – December 17, 2025
Summary
Australia's groundbreaking reclassification of psilocybin as a Schedule 8 substance for treatment-resistant depression marks a global first in psychedelic medicine policy. However, its implementation faces significant hurdles. Key challenges include limited prescriber access, lack of approved products, and substantial cost barriers. Ethical considerations, such as informed consent and cultural safety in trauma-informed care, are also critical. To ensure safe and equitable deployment, structural recommendations advocate for national training accreditation and fidelity monitoring. Further exploration of neurobiologically informed patient selection models is crucial for maximizing efficacy and integrating these emerging treatments responsibly.
Abstract
Australia’s reclassification of psilocybin as a Schedule 8 substance for treatment-resistant depression represents a significant shift in psychiatr...
The Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin in Alcohol Use Disorder Recovery: A Literature Review
Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal – January 05, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows strong therapeutic potential for alcohol use disorder. Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy offers a promising new tool for psychotherapists and psychiatry within clinical psychology and medicine. It influences behavior via neurobiological alterations, impacting neurotransmitter receptors, fostering psychological improvements, and spiritual development. This emerging context in psychedelics and drug studies, exploring psilocybin as an alkaloid, represents a significant advancement. Its efficacy suggests a valuable addition to addiction treatment.
Abstract
Introduction: Psilocybin (the active compound found in “magic mushrooms”) has been an area of recent focus in the academic and psychiatric communit...
Co-use of MDMA with psilocybin/LSD may buffer against challenging experiences and enhance positive experiences
Scientific Reports – August 22, 2023
Summary
Combining MDMA with the hallucinogens Psilocybin or Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may significantly reduce challenging experiences like grief. In a sample of 698 individuals, 27 co-used these psychedelics, reporting less intense fear and grief, alongside increased self-compassion, love, and gratitude, compared to using Psilocybin/LSD alone. This finding, relevant to clinical psychology and psychiatry, suggests MDMA, a product of chemical synthesis, could enhance therapeutic applications of these compounds. Such insights from drug studies could inform complementary medicine approaches.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) experiences can range from very positive to highly challenging (e.g., fear, grief, and par...
Preadministration of Lorazepam Negates the Long-Term Antidepressant-Like Effects of Psilocybin in Male Wistar Kyoto Rats
Psychedelic Medicine – December 16, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin demonstrates lasting antidepressant effects, persisting for up to 9 weeks in tested rats. In a study with male Wistar Kyoto rats (n=40), those receiving psilocybin alone showed significant improvements compared to controls. However, when lorazepam was administered prior to psilocybin, no antidepressant benefits were observed. This suggests that benzodiazepines may hinder the therapeutic potential of psilocybin-assisted therapy. Additionally, gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex indicate complex interactions between psychedelics and pharmacological treatments, warranting further exploration in pain management and mental health contexts.
Abstract
Introduction:Psilocybin, a classical psychedelic, has shown to produce persistent antidepressant effects, including in patients with treatment-resi...
Will psilocybin lose its magic in the clinical setting?
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is gaining mainstream attention as a novel depression treatment. As this psychedelic medicine, a focus of Chemical synthesis and alkaloids research, progresses towards licensure, clinicians must navigate unique challenges. Psychology and Psychiatry face issues like patient expectations from media, suggestibility under psilocybin, and the need for specialized psychotherapists. This narrative review, relevant to Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, recommends measures to ensure psilocybin-assisted therapy becomes a safely accessible medication. Future prescribers in Psychiatry need awareness of these pitfalls.
Abstract
Psilocybin as a novel treatment for depression is garnering a lot of attention from both the mainstream media and the academic community. Although ...
“The mushroom was more alive and vibrant”: Patient reports of synthetic versus organic forms of psilocybin
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – October 29, 2024
Summary
For mental health, whole Psilocybe mushrooms and their extracts offer a more natural and superior experience than synthetic psilocybin. Participants in a Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy program for end-of-life distress reported that while synthetic psilocybin, whole *Psilocybe cubensis*, and mycological extract all provided emotional insight and mystical experiences, synthetic psilocybin felt less natural and had an inferior overall quality. This suggests future Psychedelics and Drug Studies in psychology and psychiatry should prioritize natural mushroom compounds in medicine, moving beyond synthetic drug forms.
Abstract
Abstract Interest in psychedelic research in the West is surging, however, clinical trials have almost exclusively studied synthetic compounds such...
Efficacy and safety of psilocybin for the treatment of substance use disorders: A systematic review.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – June 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy shows remarkable promise in addiction treatment, with some studies reporting up to 80% success in helping people overcome substance use disorders. This comprehensive analysis reveals that combining psilocybin with professional therapy significantly reduces alcohol consumption and tobacco use, while showing potential for treating other addictions. The treatment appears safe and effective.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, may have therapeutic benefits for Substance Use Disorders (SUDs), but its overall efficacy and safety remai...
Psilocybin Fungi Unveiled: Morphological Characteristics and Pharmacological Potentials
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology – November 17, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen from "magic mushrooms," shows significant therapeutic promise for mental health. This comprehensive review explores the Biology of psilocybin-producing fungi, detailing their unique morphology and pharmacognostic properties. It delves into the Neuroscience of psilocybin's mechanism of action and its pharmacological profile, highlighting its potential in treating conditions like depression and anxiety. These Psychedelics are gaining traction in Drug Studies, bridging traditional knowledge with modern insights into Chemical synthesis and alkaloids.
Abstract
Abstract: Psilocybin mushrooms, also known as "magic mushrooms," have garnered significant attention for their psychoactive properties and potentia...
The Potential of Psilocybin Administration in Terminal Cancer Patients
Oncology Times – June 28, 2019
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin dramatically improved mood for cancer patients. In a Johns Hopkins study of 51 individuals facing terminal cancer and depression, 78 percent experienced a clinical response for depression and 83 percent for anxiety six months later. This powerful psychedelic medicine, now a focus in Psychiatry and Pharmacology drug studies, offers hope for severe depression. Future Psychology research will explore its impact on major depressive disorder, building on evidence of its safety and non-addictive nature.
Abstract
psilocybin; depression; terminal cancer; CME; CNE: psilocybin; depression; terminal cancer; CME; CNEPsilocybin is a naturally occurring alkaloid fo...
Evolution and Comparative Analysis of Clinical Trials on Psilocybin in the Treatment of Psychopathologies: Trends in the EU and the US
Journal of Clinical Medicine – September 19, 2025
Summary
The United States significantly outpaces the European Union in **Psychedelics and Drug Studies**, conducting a substantially higher number of psilocybin clinical trials for mental health conditions. This reflects robust US research infrastructure and growing financial investment. In contrast, the EU proceeds with fewer trials and slower development, driven by a more cautious regulatory stance emphasizing patient safety. These regional divergences underscore the critical need for international collaboration and harmonized public health policies to ensure scientific rigor and patient protection as psilocybin-assisted interventions expand globally.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study examines the development of clinical trials investigating psilocybin for the treatment of psychopathologies, with...
Future directions for clinical psilocybin research: The relaxed symptom network.
Psychology & Neuroscience – May 26, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy demonstrates strong antidepressant effects for depressive disorders, a significant advance in Mental Health and Psychiatry. While this hallucinogen's therapeutic promise is clear, the underlying mechanisms remain debated. Drawing from Psychology and Neuroscience, a new model proposes that psilocybin, guided by a psychotherapist, weakens the strong cognitive and emotional symptom connections within a "network." This approach, central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Mental Health Research Topics, suggests relaxing these links reduces relapse vulnerability, offering crucial insights for Psychiatry.
Abstract
Objective: Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that psilocybin may have strong antidepressant effects, and may be effective in the treatment o...
Exploring Determinants of Psilocybin Acceptance as an Alternative Modality for Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research – December 16, 2025
Summary
For young adults with major depressive disorder, perceived benefits are the strongest predictor of accepting psilocybin-assisted therapy (beta = 0.584). Among 33 participants, a model incorporating health beliefs explained 83.9% of the variance in acceptance, significantly up from 25.6% with initial factors. This suggests that emphasizing psilocybin's efficacy can boost acceptance, especially important given 30% of patients are treatment-resistant. Tailored communication strategies are crucial for increasing uptake of novel therapies.
Abstract
Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects over 21 million adults in the U.S (NIMH, 2023) and remains a significant public health challe...
Future Directions for Clinical Psilocybin Research: The Relaxed Symptom Network
OpenAlex – May 19, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy demonstrates strong antidepressant effects in clinical trials for depressive disorders. This emerging field in medicine and psychiatry seeks to understand its underlying mechanism. A compelling new perspective, rooted in psychology and clinical psychology, proposes a "network theory": successful treatment, guided by a psychotherapist, weakens the connections between symptoms in a patient's mental health network. This reduction in symptom connectivity could significantly lower vulnerability to relapse, offering crucial insights for mental health research topics and future antidepressant strategies.
Abstract
Objective: Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that psilocybin may have strong antidepressant effects, and may be effective in the treatment o...
Predictors of Pharmacy Students' Attitudes About the Therapeutic Use of Psilocybin.
Cureus – September 01, 2023
Summary
Future pharmacists show strong support for therapeutic magic mushrooms, with 75% favoring legalization for mental health treatment. This survey of pharmacy students revealed that those with more knowledge about psilocybin were more likely to support its use for depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric conditions. Greater understanding and less concern about side effects correlated with positive attitudes toward this alternative medicine approach.
Abstract
Background Psilocybin has been studied for its potential therapeutic benefits, particularly for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as anxi...
Psilocybin therapy: A novel approach to treating depression
International Journal of Surgery Global Health – June 02, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin therapy shows remarkable promise for treating severe depression, offering relief within hours or days, unlike traditional antidepressants that take weeks. Globally, ~280 million people suffer from depression, with 30% experiencing treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Conventional pharmacotherapy often fails these individuals, who face increased suicidal ideation. Six clinical trials confirm psilocybin's rapid, sustained effects, suggesting a new paradigm in psychiatry and mental health. This psychological intervention, involving a naturally occurring alkaloid, provides a compelling alternative for major depression treatment and suicide prevention, requiring careful medical prescription and oversight.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a surge in depression cases, a pervasive and debilitating mental illness1. This trend is evident in the incre...
Altered states: psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression
The Lancet Psychiatry – May 17, 2016
Summary
A pilot in Psychiatry suggests Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, offers hope for Treatment-resistant depression. In a feasibility study with 12 patients, a regimen combining synthesized psilocybin with psychological support reduced depression scores by around 10 points on the Hamilton Depression Scale after one week. This Medicine, documented in medical literature and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, showed promising safety and preliminary efficacy, with about half the participants still experiencing benefits at three months. This offers hope for the 20% of patients with depression unresponsive to conventional treatments.
Abstract
"Alice remained looking thoughtfully at the mushroom for a minute, trying to make out which were the two sides of it; and as it was perfectly round...