4971 results for "Psychedelics"
The mitogenomic landscape of Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae), the sacred liana used for ayahuasca preparation.
Genetics and molecular biology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have decoded the complete mitochondrial DNA of the sacred ayahuasca vine, revealing fascinating insights into this culturally significant Amazonian plant. The vine works synergistically with another plant to create ayahuasca's effects by preventing the breakdown of its psychoactive compounds. Analysis shows unique genetic features, including unusual gene patterns and evidence of DNA sharing between cellular components, helping confirm its identity as the "Tucunacá" variety used in traditional ceremonies.
Abstract
The sacred ayahuasca brew, utilized by indigenous communities in the Amazon and syncretic religious groups in Brazil, primarily consists of a decoc...
Addressing a major interference in the quantification of psilocin in mouse plasma: Development of a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method
Journal of Chromatography A – July 04, 2024
Summary
Precisely measuring psilocin, a psychedelic compound crucial for drug studies targeting anxiety and depression, faced significant ion suppression in mouse plasma. This unexpected chemistry challenge, identified as tryptophan, required a new approach. A novel liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method, employing hydrophilic interaction chromatography with electrospray ionization and selected reaction monitoring, was developed. This high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technique achieved a 0.5 ng/ml quantification limit for the analyte, successfully analyzing psilocin in C57BL/6 mouse subjects, advancing forensic toxicology and drug analysis.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a psychedelic compound found in some hallucinogenic "magic mushrooms". Psilocin is the active metabolite of Psilocybin, and it is the...
Up-to-Date on clinical and preclinical studies of psilocybin therapy
Folia Pharmacologica Japonica – June 30, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a compound from magic mushrooms, offers rapid, lasting antidepressant effects for 30-40% of patients resistant to standard internal medicine treatments. This breakthrough in Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights the therapeutic potential of this naturally occurring alkaloid. Designated a "breakthrough medicine" by the FDA, psilocybin's chemical synthesis and profound impact on perception show promise for Major Depressive Disorder, with limited, mild side effects. Its influence on mental state marks a significant advance in addressing severe health challenges.
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses a significant global health burden, with 30-40% patients developing resistance to standard clinical antidepre...
The Role of Ayahuasca in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Survival, Proliferation and Oxidative Stress.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – June 02, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional psychedelic brew, shows promising anti-cancer properties. Research reveals it significantly reduces colorectal cancer cell survival by triggering cell death (apoptosis) and decreasing cellular proliferation. The brew lowered oxidative stress in Caco-2 cancer cells while boosting protective antioxidant activity, suggesting potential therapeutic value.
Abstract
The psychedelic beverage ayahuasca is originally obtained by Banisteriopsis caapi (B. caapi) (BC) and Psychotria viridis (P. viridis) (PV). However...
Unlocking the healing power of psilocybin: an overview of the role of psilocybin therapy in major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use disorder
Frontiers in Psychiatry – June 11, 2024
Summary
A compelling new avenue in psychiatry explores psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, for treatment-resistant conditions like major depressive disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Clinical psychology trials integrate this psychedelic, often synthesized from alkaloids, with psychotherapist-led sessions. Data from these clinical trials in medicine are informing our understanding of how psilocybin influences neurotransmitter receptors. This drug studies research aims to revolutionize mental healthcare by overcoming therapeutic resistance, offering new hope.
Abstract
Resistance to traditional treatment methods is still a major obstacle in modern psychiatry. As a result, several studies are currently being conduc...
Acute Effects of Hallucinogens on Functional Connectivity: Psilocybin and Salvinorin-A
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – June 25, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding in **Drug Studies** reveals that **Hallucinogens**, including **Psilocybin** and Salvinorin-A, dramatically reshape brain connectivity. Despite their distinct **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior**—one a classical **Psychedelic**, the other a kappa-opioid agonist—both acutely desynchronize the brain's default mode network. Observations in nonhuman primates highlight the claustrum and prefrontal cortex as central to these effects, regardless of the drug's **Chemical synthesis and alkaloids** or serotonergic action. This framework helps understand how diverse **Hallucinogens**, like those found in **Ayahuasca**, impact perception.
Abstract
The extent of changes in functional connectivity (FC) within functional networks as a common feature across hallucinogenic drug classes is under-ex...
Effects of a Single Dose of Ayahuasca in College Students With Harmful Alcohol Use: A Single-blind, Feasibility, Proof-of-Concept Trial.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
Summary
A single dose of ayahuasca, a traditional South American plant medicine, showed promise in reducing alcohol consumption among college students. Researchers gave 11 students with problematic drinking patterns one supervised ayahuasca session with psychological support. The treatment proved safe, with participants drinking less frequently in following weeks. They also showed improved response times in empathy-related tasks, suggesting broader psychological benefits beyond addiction support.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a South American plant hallucinogen rich in the psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines (mainly harmine). Preclinical and ...
Effect of MDMA-assisted therapy on mood and anxiety symptoms in advanced-stage cancer (EMMAC): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
Trials – May 21, 2024
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy shows promise in helping terminal cancer patients cope with anxiety and depression. This groundbreaking trial pairs therapeutic support with MDMA to potentially improve mental health outcomes in advanced-stage cancer patients. Participants receive therapy sessions before and after MDMA treatment, with researchers tracking mood, spiritual wellbeing, and quality of life for up to 12 months.
Abstract
Symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in patients with terminal illness and multiple challenges exist with timely and effective care in thi...
In vitro and in vivo metabolism of psilocybin’s active metabolite psilocin
Frontiers in Pharmacology – April 29, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin's active metabolite, psilocin, is almost entirely metabolized by the Cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6 in vitro, with CYP3A4 metabolizing about 40%. This detailed drug metabolism biochemistry, including glucuronidation pathways, was explored in vivo using male C57BL/6J mice. New metabolites, like norpsilocin—an alkaloid relevant to chemical synthesis—were identified. Understanding this complex metabolism and chemistry is vital for advancing psychedelics and drug studies, informing pharmacology, and elucidating neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
In vivo , psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated to psilocin which induces psychedelic effects by interacting with the 5-HT 2A receptor. Psilocin p...
Psilocybin reduces alcohol self-administration via selective left nucleus accumbens activation in rats
Brain – May 04, 2024
Summary
A powerful hallucinogen, psilocybin, drastically reduced alcohol self-administration by 50% in male rats. This Neuroscience and Pharmacology insight reveals that psilocybin, an alkaloid from chemical synthesis, influences neurotransmitter receptors. Specifically, injecting psilocybin (0.15 μg) into the left nucleus accumbens, a brain region crucial for reward, halved alcohol intake. This effect, vital for future Medicine and Psychology applications in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, was mediated by 5-HT2A receptors and increased dopamine D2 receptor mRNA.
Abstract
Abstract The use of psilocybin to treat alcohol use disorder is very promising, but its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. We combined ...
At the Forefront: Social Workers’ Role in Psilocybin Treatment for Depression and Substance Misuse
Social Work – May 02, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, offers remarkable effectiveness for major depressive disorder and substance abuse, often after a single dose. This promising approach in medicine, particularly within psychiatry and psychology, is gaining traction. Clinical trials highlight psilocybin's long-lasting posttreatment effects, demonstrating its potential as a novel treatment. Social workers are crucial in integrating this psychedelic medicine into therapeutic practice, working alongside psychotherapists. This area of drug studies is rapidly evolving, recognized by the FDA as a "breakthrough therapy."
Abstract
Abstract This article underscores the critical role of social workers in harnessing the potential therapeutic benefits of psilocybin for treating m...
Genetic regulation of L-tryptophan metabolism in Psilocybe mexicana supports psilocybin biosynthesis.
Fungal biology and biotechnology – April 25, 2024
Summary
Magic mushrooms precisely control their tryptophan metabolism to produce psilocybin, which can make up 2% of their dry weight. When these Basidiomycota fungi transition from threadlike growth to mushroom formation, they boost tryptophan production while blocking competing metabolic flux pathways, efficiently channeling resources into psilocybin synthesis.
Abstract
Although Basidiomycota produce pharmaceutically and ecologically relevant natural products, knowledge of how they coordinate their primary and seco...
Discovery and Structure–Activity Relationships of 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylpiperidines as Selective Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Agonists
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – April 22, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics show promise for mental health, influencing behavior via neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. Their pharmacology involves serotonin agonist activity at the 5-HT receptor. Through careful chemistry and chemical synthesis, a new class of serotonin agonists, 2,5-dimethoxyphenylpiperidines, has been discovered. Structure–activity relationship investigations, considering stereochemistry, identified LPH-5 as a selective 5-HT2A receptor agonist. This advances drug studies by providing new tools to understand how serotonin signaling affects the brain.
Abstract
Classical psychedelics such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) are showing promising results in clin...
Psychological flexibility as a mechanism of change in psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depression: results from an exploratory placebo-controlled trial.
Scientific reports – April 17, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin therapy combined with specialized psychotherapy shows promising results in treating major depression by enhancing mental adaptability. In this groundbreaking trial, participants received therapy incorporating acceptance-based techniques, followed by psilocybin treatment. Results showed significant improvements in mental flexibility, mindfulness, and ability to live according to personal values. These positive changes lasted for months and strongly correlated with reduced depression symptoms, suggesting that increased psychological adaptability may be key to psilocybin's therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Several phase II studies have demonstrated that psilocybin-assisted therapy shows therapeutic potential across a spectrum of neuropsychiatric condi...
LSD increases sleep duration the night after microdosing.
Translational psychiatry – April 15, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking discovery shows that tiny amounts of LSD can naturally extend sleep duration. When healthy adults took small, non-hallucinogenic doses every third day, they slept an average of 24 minutes longer the following night. The six-week study tracked over 3,000 nights of sleep, revealing consistent improvements without affecting sleep quality or daily activity levels. These results suggest microdosing could offer a novel approach to sleep enhancement.
Abstract
Microdosing psychedelic drugs at a level below the threshold to induce hallucinations is an increasingly common lifestyle practice. However, the ef...
The effect of psilocybin on empathy and prosocial behavior: a proposed mechanism for enduring antidepressant effects.
Npj mental health research – February 20, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin's ability to boost empathy and social connection may explain its lasting effects on depression. The compound appears to create a positive cycle: increased empathy leads to more meaningful social interactions, which further enhances emotional well-being. This natural feedback loop could explain why a single dose can have benefits lasting months, working differently from traditional daily antidepressants.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic shown to have enduring antidepressant effects. Currently, the mechanism for its enduring effects is not we...
The Effects of Ayahuasca on Psychological Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review.
Cureus – March 01, 2024
Summary
Ancient Amazonian ayahuasca ceremonies show promising results in treating various mental health conditions. When administered in traditional ritual settings, this plant medicine helps people process childhood trauma and PTSD while reducing depression, anxiety, and substance abuse issues. Participants report profound mystical experiences that catalyze positive personality changes, leading to sustained improvements in mood and emotional wellbeing.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is an original Amazonian brew made from the vines and leaves of Psychotroa viridis and Banisteriopsis caapi. Both P. viridis and B. caapi...
The unique neural signature of your trip: Functional connectome fingerprints of subjective psilocybin experience
Network Neuroscience – November 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, makes the brain's functional connections—its "connectome" or "brain fingerprint"—more distinct among healthy volunteers. Using neuroimaging, a drug study revealed that post-psilocybin, these functional connectomes became more individual, especially within the default mode network (DMN). This change in DMN functional connectivity, characterized by reduced internal and limbic connections but increased links to attentional systems, predicted individuals' subjective psychedelic experience. This neuroscience work bridges how this alkaloid influences brain activity, offering insights into its psychological effects and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract The emerging neuroscientific frontier of brain fingerprinting has recently established that human functional connectomes (FCs) exhibit fin...
Psilocybin enhances insightfulness in meditation: a perspective on the global topology of brain imaging during meditation.
Scientific reports – March 26, 2024
Summary
Brain scans reveal that psilocybin combined with meditation enhances self-insight by altering perception and awareness. The study tracked experienced meditators during different meditation styles, with half receiving psilocybin. Those who took psilocybin showed unique brain activity patterns during open-monitoring meditation, leading to deeper self-awareness and meaningful insights.
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, we explored a dataset of functional magnetic resonance images collected during focused attention and open monito...
Efficacy and acceptability of psilocybin for primary or secondary depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Frontiers in Psychiatry – February 15, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows significant promise as an antidepressant medicine. A meta-analysis of 8 randomized controlled trials, involving 524 adult patients, revealed a large therapeutic effect (Hedges' g = -0.89) for major depressive disorder. This psychiatry research, drawing from the Cochrane Library, suggests psilocybin's benefits increase with dose. While generally well-tolerated, adverse effects can occur, highlighting the need for careful pharmacology. This area of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, exploring chemical synthesis and alkaloids, offers a compelling complementary or alternative medicine approach in internal medicine and psychology.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin is a classic psychedelics, which has been shown to have antidepressant effects by many studies in recent years. In this stu...
Spectroscopic behavior of bufotenine and bufotenine N-oxide: Solvent and pH effects and interaction with biomembrane models.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes – April 01, 2024
Summary
Bufotenine, a psychedelic compound, dramatically alters its fluorescence and absorption spectra with changes in pH and solvent, revealing key biochemistry. Using uv/visible spectroscopy and fluorometry, we observed both bufotenine and its N-oxide interact with biomembrane models. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed distinct spectral shifts, indicating strong membrane interactions with pre-micellar structures and micelles. Importantly, these molecules engage with liposomes without disrupting lipid bilayer fluidity. This understanding of their spectroscopic behavior and membrane interactions is vital for developing new drugs or psychiatric disorder markers.
Abstract
Bufotenine is a fluorescent analog of Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) that has been widely studied due to its psychedelic properties and biological activi...
Patient perspectives and experiences with psilocybin treatment for treatment-resistant depression: a qualitative study
Scientific Reports – February 05, 2024
Summary
Patients receiving psilocybin for depression strongly desired more than a single session. Qualitative research with 11 patients (8 women, 3 men), who received 1, 10, or 25 mg of psilocybin, revealed significant challenges, including a general distrust in mental healthcare. Optimizing these psychedelic drug studies within psychology, medicine, and psychiatry requires greater investment in psychotherapist-patient trust. Understanding how psilocybin, a naturally occurring alkaloid, influences neurotransmitter receptors to affect behavior is crucial for personalized, comprehensive treatment.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin is the most researched classic psychedelic for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). While optimizing set and setting are consi...
Strong Bipartisan Support for Controlled Psilocybin Use as Treatment or Enhancement in a Representative Sample of US Americans: Need for Caution in Public Policy Persists
AJOB Neuroscience – February 05, 2024
Summary
Strong bipartisan support exists for supervised psilocybin use, a compelling finding from recent drug studies. A nationally representative sample of 795 US Americans evaluated the moral status of this hallucinogen's use in licensed settings. Participants rated the individual's decision as morally positive across contexts—whether for psychiatric treatment or well-being enhancement. This alkaloid, central to psychology and emerging psychedelics research, shows significant public acceptance. Such findings, derived from this human sample, can inform policy on chemical synthesis-derived compounds like psilocybin.
Abstract
The psychedelic psilocybin has shown promise both as treatment for psychiatric conditions and as a means of improving well-being in healthy individ...
Psilocybin, an Effective Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder in Adults - A Systematic Review
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience – October 16, 2023
Summary
A potent hallucinogen, psilocybin, offers remarkable antidepressant potential for Major depressive disorder. A systematic review of 6 clinical trials, involving 319 participants, found every study favored psilocybin in reducing depressive symptoms. This compound, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, caused few adverse effects, a significant advantage over common antidepressants. Its integration into psychiatry and clinical psychology, combined with psychological support, could revolutionize medicine. These psychedelics offer a promising new direction in drug studies, transforming mental health treatment.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a classical psychedelic which has been utilised for healing purposes for millenia. However, with its classification as a Schedule I s...
Pharmaco-toxicological effects of the novel tryptamine hallucinogen 5-MeO-MiPT on motor, sensorimotor, physiological, and cardiorespiratory parameters in mice-from a human poisoning case to the preclinical evidence.
Psychopharmacology – March 01, 2024
Summary
A novel hallucinogen dubbed "Moxy" (5-MeO-MiPT) shows significant effects on brain function and behavior. Tests in mice revealed dose-dependent changes in movement, sensory processing, and vital signs. The compound's effects mirror symptoms from a documented human intoxication case, suggesting potential health risks while highlighting possible therapeutic applications.
Abstract
The 5-methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-MiPT, known online as "Moxy") is a new psychedelic tryptamine first identified on Italian natio...
Limbic System Response to Psilocybin and Ketamine Administration in Rats: A Neurochemical and Behavioral Study
International Journal of Molecular Sciences – December 20, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic, demonstrates marked anxiolytic effects in rats, providing a neurobiological basis for its antidepressant potential. Neuroscience research, utilizing microdialysis, revealed psilocybin's influence on the limbic system, including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampus. It increased dopamine, a crucial neurochemical, and altered neurotransmitter receptor density, influencing behavior. This pharmacology study, relevant to internal medicine and psychology, suggests psilocybin, an alkaloid from chemical synthesis, could offer new medicine in drug studies. These findings translate to structural changes in the limbic system, supporting its use.
Abstract
The pathophysiology of depression is related to the reduced volume of the hippocampus and amygdala and hypertrophy of the nucleus accumbens. The me...
Aesthetic chills mitigate maladaptive cognition in depression
BMC Psychiatry – January 10, 2024
Summary
Profound emotional "chills" can positively reshape core self-beliefs in individuals with depression. A clinical psychology investigation involving 96 patients with major depressive disorder found that experiencing aesthetic chills, often characterized by shivers, shifted their negative self-schema. This psychological intervention, influencing cognitive processes, shows parallels to the profound mental shifts observed in psychedelics and drug studies. Such experiences offer a non-pharmacological treatment avenue for mental health, potentially aiding in depression management.
Abstract
Abstract Background Depression is a major global health challenge, affecting over 300 million people worldwide. Current pharmacological and psychot...
Double-Blind Comparison of the Two Hallucinogens Dextromethorphan and Psilocybin: Experience-Dependent and Enduring Psychological Effects in Healthy Volunteers
Psychedelic Medicine – August 30, 2023
Summary
A promising frontier in mental health involves exploring dissociatives like Dextromethorphan, a hallucinogen, within clinical psychology. This approach, mirroring Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, prioritizes optimizing psychologically valuable drug experiences under a psychotherapist's guidance. Future Psychedelics and Drug Studies could involve over 250 participants, with 65% potentially reporting significant improvements. While biochemical analysis and sensing techniques inform drug action, this work emphasizes the profound psychological context, distinct from Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, for transformative well-being.
Abstract
This analysis suggests the utility of exploring clinical applications of dissociatives that occur within the supportive contexts that are character...
Psilocybin-induced default mode network hypoconnectivity is blunted in alcohol-dependent rats
Translational Psychiatry – December 14, 2023
Summary
Neuroscience reveals psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, may require personalized dosing for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). This psychedelic compound typically reduces Default Mode Network (DMN) connectivity, a key area in Psychology. However, rats with severe AUD exhibited a blunted DMN response, strongly correlating with alcohol relapse intensity. This suggests standard psilocybin doses might be insufficient for severe cases. This pharmacology insight, vital for Medicine and Psychiatry, highlights Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and Tryptophan and brain disorders in AUD treatment.
Abstract
Abstract Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) adversely affects the lives of millions of people, but still lacks effective treatment options. Recent advancem...
Exploring Psilocybe spp. mycelium and fruiting body chemistry for potential therapeutic compounds
Frontiers in Fungal Biology – November 29, 2023
Summary
A compelling finding reveals psilocybin, the primary indole alkaloid in "magic" mushrooms, is preferentially accumulated in fruiting bodies, not the mycelium. Advanced metabolomics and detailed chemical analysis unveil significant differences in fungal biology and biochemistry across life stages. While the psychedelic metabolite psilocybin is abundant in mushrooms, other alkaloids like α-GPC are proportionally higher in mycelia. This distinct chemistry suggests new avenues for drug studies, exploring diverse metabolites for therapeutic potential, impacting fungal biology and applications.
Abstract
Psilocybe mushrooms, otherwise known as “magic” mushrooms, owe their psychedelic effect to psilocin, a serotonin subtype 2A (5-HT 2A ) receptor ago...
Single-Dose Synthetic Psilocybin With Psychotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Type II Major Depressive Episodes
JAMA Psychiatry – December 06, 2023
Summary
A single 25 mg dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin, alongside psychotherapy, delivered striking results for treatment-resistant depression in Bipolar II disorder. Among 15 patients, 80% achieved both response and remission from depression by 12 weeks, with a mean 24-point reduction on a depression scale (Cohen d = 4.08) at three weeks. This advance in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, exploring chemical synthesis and alkaloids affecting neurotransmitter receptors, offers a promising new direction for Psychology, Psychiatry, and Medicine.
Abstract
Importance Bipolar II disorder (BDII) is a debilitating condition frequently associated with difficult-to-treat depressive episodes. Psilocybin has...
A quantitative textual analysis of the subjective effects of ayahuasca in naïve users with and without depression.
Scientific reports – November 10, 2023
Summary
First-time users of ayahuasca report five distinct categories of experiences, from visual effects to profound shifts in consciousness. Researchers analyzed written accounts from 29 participants, including both healthy individuals and those with treatment-resistant depression. The analysis revealed unique patterns in how depressed patients responded, notably experiencing more intense physical reactions. These findings help map the psychological landscape of ayahuasca experiences and could inform its therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a brew with psychoactive properties that has been used as an entheogen for centuries, with more recent studies suggesting it is a prom...
Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin for Treating Psychological Distress among Survivors of Adverse Childhood Experiences: Evidence on Acceptability and Potential Efficacy of Psilocybin Use
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 10, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, appears to significantly reduce psychological distress linked to Adverse Childhood Experiences. For individuals reporting recent psilocybin use, the association between childhood adversity and current distress was notably lower. This finding, relevant to medicine, psychiatry, and clinical psychology, reveals high interest in and acceptability for psilocybin, regardless of an individual's history of adverse experiences. Insights from psychedelics and drug studies suggest psilocybin could be a valuable psychotherapy technique, offering hope for managing long-term distress.
Abstract
Survivors of adverse childhood experience are at elevated risk for psychological distress. In recent years, renewed interest in psychedelic medicin...
Discovery and In Vitro Characterization of SPL028: Deuterated N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.
ACS medicinal chemistry letters – September 14, 2023
Summary
Scientists have discovered a modified version of DMT that lasts longer in the body while maintaining its therapeutic potential. By replacing specific hydrogen atoms with deuterium (a heavier form of hydrogen), researchers created D2-DMT, which breaks down more slowly than regular DMT while keeping the same beneficial interactions with brain receptors. This advancement could make DMT-based treatments more practical and effective for depression.
Abstract
The psychedelic N,N- dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is in clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder. However, when administered...
MDMA-Assisted Treatment for PTSD, Anxiety, and Depression: A Visualized Literature Analysis over 30 Years.
Current medicinal chemistry – June 02, 2025
Summary
Over three decades of research reveals MDMA-assisted therapy shows remarkable promise in treating PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Analysis of 30 years of scientific literature shows a dramatic shift from studying MDMA's risks to exploring its therapeutic benefits. The U.S. leads research efforts, with breakthrough results demonstrating MDMA's potential to help patients process trauma and emotional distress in controlled therapeutic settings.
Abstract
The incidence of psychiatric disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression, has been steadily increasing, while...
Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment of Co-occurring Borderline Personality Disorder and Depression: A Case Study.
Journal of personality disorders – April 01, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking treatment combining ketamine with psychotherapy showed remarkable success in helping a patient overcome both borderline personality disorder and severe depression. The patient experienced significant improvement in mood stability and interpersonal relationships after receiving ketamine-assisted psychotherapy sessions. This innovative approach leverages ketamine's unique properties to enhance emotional processing while providing structured therapeutic support, leading to reduced symptoms and improved daily functioning. The treatment proved particularly effective in addressing the complex challenges of co-occurring mental health conditions.
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by a pervasive pattern of impulsivity, affective dysregulation, an...
Psilocybin for treatment resistant depression in patients taking a concomitant SSRI medication.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – September 01, 2023
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, combined with standard antidepressants, showed promising results for people with hard-to-treat depression. In this groundbreaking approach, patients maintained their regular antidepressants while receiving psilocybin therapy. After three weeks, 42% of participants experienced significant improvement or complete remission, with minimal side effects.
Abstract
Psilocybin is being investigated as a treatment in adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Withdrawal from serotonergic antidepressant dr...
A phase 1/2 trial to assess safety and efficacy of a vaporized 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine formulation (GH001) in patients with treatment-resistant depression
Frontiers in Psychiatry – June 20, 2023
Summary
A potent new antidepressant approach for treatment-resistant depression shows promise: an individualized dosing regimen of the psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT. In a clinical trial involving 16 patients, this chemical synthesis alkaloid led to an 87.5% remission rate by day 7, a key clinical endpoint. This pharmacology-driven regimen, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, significantly improved symptoms, with a 76% average reduction in depression scores. The medicine was well tolerated, with few adverse effects, offering hope against the substantial public health burden of TRD and its impact on internal medicine.
Abstract
Background Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a substantial public health burden, but current treatments have limited effectiveness. The aim w...
A case-study evaluation of the “Copenhagen Music Program” for psilocybin-assisted therapy
Frontiers in Psychology – June 16, 2023
Summary
A music program for psilocybin journeys, intended for therapeutic use, proved deeply problematic. An Indigenous psychotherapist undergoing a 3.5 gram psilocybin test found the musical selections evoked colonial and religious contexts. This approach to music therapy was deemed psychologically coercive, limiting experiential learning to a specific pathway. For psychedelics and drug studies, a cross-cultural and social analysis suggests a greater variety of musical and even visual arts options are crucial. This honors diverse perspectives, moving beyond restrictive programs for Indigenous individuals.
Abstract
In a recent article, Messell and colleagues provide a curated list, the “Copenhagen Music Program for Psilocybin”. We test their music program with...
Psilocybin’s effects on cognition and creativity: A scoping review
Journal of Psychopharmacology – July 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, reveals complex effects on human cognition and creativity, a significant focus in clinical psychology. A review of 42 studies, primarily healthy adults (90%), shows that acute macrodoses of this synthesized chemical often impaired cognitive performance. However, microdoses tended to enhance creativity. The neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior appears time-dependent; while initial impairment was observed, some positive effects emerged days later, hinting at developmental psychology implications from these psychedelic drug studies.
Abstract
Background: Research on psilocybin has become increasingly popular during the current psychedelic renaissance, which began in the early 1990s. Psil...
The development of psilocybin therapy for treatment-resistant depression: an update
BJPsych Bulletin – June 26, 2023
Summary
A compelling finding reveals psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, holds promise for treatment-resistant depression. Recent clinical trials show a 25 mg dose, alongside psychotherapeutic support, significantly improved mood and anxiety symptoms compared to a placebo. This medicine, a naturally occurring alkaloid, influences neurotransmitter receptors, offering a novel approach in psychiatry. With phase 3 trials imminent, psychedelics and drug studies are rapidly advancing. Addressing the profound economic burden of depression, this psychological intervention could revolutionize patient care, requiring skilled psychotherapists.
Abstract
Summary Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic drug that has attracted increasing research interest over the past 10 years as a possible treatment for...
“Biosynthesis of psilocybin and its nonnatural derivatives by a promiscuous psilocybin synthesis pathway in Escherichia coli”
Biotechnology and Bioengineering – June 20, 2023
Summary
A significant advance in biochemistry enables the biosynthesis of psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, and 13 new derivatives using bacteria. This innovative chemical synthesis addresses the need for sustainable drug development. By deeply exploring the pathway's biology with 49 indole derivatives, critical insights into alkaloid chemistry emerged. This breakthrough in drug discovery and pharmacology provides diverse drug candidates, accelerating future psychedelics and drug studies. This method promises a consistent supply for vital research.
Abstract
Abstract Traditional psychedelics are undergoing a transformation from recreational drugs, to promising pharmaceutical drug candidates with the pot...
In vivo mapping of pharmacologically induced functional reorganization onto the human brain’s neurotransmitter landscape
Science Advances – June 14, 2023
Summary
The human brain's response to drugs reveals a profound link between molecular structure and behavior. Neuroscience shows diverse pharmacological agents, including 10 psychedelics and anesthetics, reorganize brain function by engaging multiple neurotransmitter systems. By mapping 19 neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, a clear influence on behavior emerged. This pharmacology insight has significant implications for Psychology and Medicine, informing drug studies and our understanding of brain disorders. Crucially, regional drug susceptibility mirrors vulnerability to structural alterations seen in conditions like those linked to Tryptophan imbalances.
Abstract
To understand how pharmacological interventions can exert their powerful effects on brain function, we need to understand how they engage the brain...
Reports of self-compassion and affect regulation in psilocybin-assisted therapy for alcohol use disorder: An interpretive phenomenological analysis.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors – June 05, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly reshapes self-perception. This chemical synthesis and alkaloid influences neurotransmitter receptors, diminishing shame and self-critical thought patterns. Its role in clinical psychology for alcohol use disorder is significant, improving affect regulation and reducing cravings. Integrating self-compassion, often explored via interpretative phenomenological analysis or randomized controlled trial designs, with psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy could enhance psychological outcomes. This approach in psychiatry and psychedelics and drug studies offers a novel path for compassion-focused therapy.
Abstract
Our results support the assertion that psilocybin increases the malleability of self-related processing, and diminishes shame-based and self-critic...
UNRAVELing the synergistic effects of psilocybin and environment on brain-wide immediate early gene expression in mice.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – November 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin's effects on the brain vary dramatically based on setting, with the compound reshaping neural communication patterns across multiple brain regions. New research using advanced imaging in mice shows how psilocybin increases activity in areas linked to emotion and decision-making while decreasing activity in regions controlling basic functions. The compound also disrupted normal brain network patterns, suggesting it creates unique neural states that depend on environmental context.
Abstract
The effects of context on the subjective experience of serotonergic psychedelics have not been fully examined in human neuroimaging studies, partly...
Neurobiological Correlates of Psilocybin Response in Depression.
The primary care companion for CNS disorders – May 23, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin appears to temporarily "reset" brain connectivity patterns in depressed patients, offering promising therapeutic benefits. Brain scans revealed increased neural connections and specific activation patterns during treatment, particularly in people who showed improved depression symptoms. The compound works by temporarily boosting communication between different brain regions, creating new pathways that persist after the immediate effects wear off. These changes help explain why a single treatment can provide lasting relief from depression symptoms.
Abstract
Objective: To synthesize the neurobiological basis of brain-resetting effects of psilocybin and identify neuroimaging correlates of psilocybin resp...
MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder.
Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) – October 01, 2022
Summary
Groundbreaking research reveals MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise for treating borderline personality disorder, a condition that traditionally responds inconsistently to standard treatments. The therapeutic combination of MDMA with professional counseling may help patients process trauma, regulate emotions, and build trust more effectively than conventional approaches. Early clinical trials demonstrate encouraging safety profiles and symptom improvements, particularly in areas of emotional regulation and interpersonal relationships.
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder is a complex psychiatric disorder with limited treatment options that are associated with large heterogeneity in tr...
Altered State of Consciousness and Mental Imagery as a Function of N, N-dimethyltryptamine Concentration in Ritualistic Ayahuasca Users
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience – January 01, 2023
Summary
Ayahuasca profoundly alters consciousness, with N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) driving its primary psychological effects. Among 24 Santo Daime members, drinking ayahuasca significantly increased feelings of oceanic boundlessness and ego dissolution. These shifts in consciousness and visual restructuralization correlated with peak DMT concentrations. Surprisingly, measures of mental image capacity, including vividness and cognitive flexibility, did not noticeably improve. This suggests long-term engagement with psychedelics may lead to neuroadaptive changes, influencing Ayahuasca's impact on cognition and perspective, crucial for clinical psychology and drug studies exploring neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Consumption of the psychedelic brew ayahuasca is a central ritualistic aspect of the Santo Daime religion. The current observational, base...
How does psilocybin therapy work? An exploration of experiential avoidance as a putative mechanism of change.
Journal of affective disorders – August 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin therapy shows promise in treating major depressive disorder by helping people face rather than avoid difficult emotions. In a groundbreaking comparison with traditional antidepressants, patients who received psilocybin therapy experienced significant mental health improvements through reduced experiential avoidance and increased emotional openness. The therapy's success appears linked to profound experiences of self-discovery and enhanced connectedness.
Abstract
Psilocybin therapy is receiving attention as a mental health intervention with transdiagnostic potential. In line with psychotherapeutic research, ...
Psychotherapy with Psilocybin for Depression: Systematic Review
Behavioral Sciences – March 31, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin offers a powerful new approach in medicine for mental health, rapidly improving depressive symptoms for months. Eight clinical psychology studies highlight its potential, even for treatment-resistant depression affecting 280 million people globally, a significant economic burden. Administered with psychotherapist support, this psychedelic, a naturally occurring alkaloid, fosters deep introspection and well-being after just one or two doses, influencing behavior through neurotransmitter pathways. This represents a significant development in psychiatry and drug studies.
Abstract
Depression is a common mental health issue that affects 280 million people in the world with a high mortality rate, as well as being a leading caus...
Pilot study of single-dose psilocybin for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant body dysmorphic disorder.
Journal of psychiatric research – May 01, 2023
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, a natural hallucinogen, showed remarkable promise in treating body dysmorphic disorder, with 58% of participants experiencing significant symptom improvement. In this groundbreaking clinical trial, 12 adults who hadn't responded to conventional treatments received psychological support and a controlled dose. After 12 weeks, patients reported major reductions in appearance-related obsessions and distress, with benefits emerging within the first week.
Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an often-severe condition in which individuals are preoccupied by misperceptions of their appearance as defective...
Acute Mood-Elevating Properties of Microdosed Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Volunteers: A Home-Administered Randomized Controlled Trial.
Biological psychiatry – September 15, 2023
Summary
Small doses of LSD taken every three days improved daily well-being, creativity, and mood in healthy volunteers. In this home-based trial, participants who microdosed reported feeling more connected, energetic, and happy on dosing days, though some experienced anxiety. While these mood boosts were temporary, the study shows LSD microdosing is generally safe and can enhance daily life.
Abstract
Microdosing psychedelic drugs is a widespread social phenomenon with diverse benefits claimed for mood and cognition. Randomized controlled trials ...
Systematic Review of Interventions for Demoralization in Patients With Cancer.
The Journal of nervous and mental disease – April 01, 2023
Summary
Cancer patients facing demoralization - a profound sense of helplessness and loss of meaning - can find hope in effective treatments. Both psychedelic-assisted therapy and traditional psychological interventions show promising results in restoring patients' sense of purpose and resilience. Analysis of 14 clinical studies reveals that most approaches successfully reduced demoralization, with 10 programs demonstrating clear positive outcomes.
Abstract
Demoralization as cancer-related mental health needs to be understood and addressed by clinical staff. This review systematically examined the char...
Lower-dose psycholytic therapy – A neglected approach
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 02, 2022
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like LSD, initially explored in 1949, were extensively integrated into European medicine for psychotherapy. From 1960, "psycholytic therapy" involved serial lower-dose sessions, a distinct Psychology-informed approach contrasting with North American high-dose methods. Developed over 15 years, this Psychotherapy Technique was applied at 30 clinical centers and by over 100 outpatient psychotherapists. This history in Drug Studies offers a compelling case for psycholytic approaches in modern substance-assisted applications, guided by a psychotherapist.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and similar psychoactive drugs have been used in psychotherapy since 1949, when the first clinical study with lowe...
Reactivations after 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine use in naturalistic settings: An initial exploratory analysis of the phenomenon’s predictors and its emotional valence
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 29, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding in Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals that "reactivations"—a phenomenon akin to flashbacks from 5-MeO-DMT—are often positive. Using descriptive statistics and logistic regression on data from 513 individuals, a key aspect of Clinical psychology emerges: being female, older, having higher education, and dosing in a structured group predicted reactivations. Importantly, higher mystical experiences predicted a neutral or positive emotional valence. This challenges typical negative associations, offering insights for medicine, Developmental psychology, and understanding Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis.
Abstract
Background The psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT has shown clinical potential due to its short duration and ability to induce mystical experiences. However, a ...
Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids
International Journal of Molecular Sciences – November 15, 2022
Summary
Wild mushrooms, valued in traditional medicine and emerging psychedelic therapies, show alarmingly variable tryptamine concentrations. A detailed chemical analysis of 226 fungal fruiting bodies from 82 collections across seven mushroom genera revealed significant fluctuations in psilocybin and related tryptamines. While *Psilocybe* species contained the highest levels, some *Psilocybe* had none. This variability in fungal biology poses overdose risks for consumers and complicates drug studies, as the precise chemistry of these natural alkaloids differs vastly from chemically pure psilocybin, impacting potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Since not only psilocybin (PSB) but also PSB-containing mushrooms are used for psychedelic therapy and microdosing, it is necessary to know their c...
A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-Guided Dashboard to Review Psilocybin Target Domains: A Systematic Review.
CNS drugs – October 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin shows promise in improving multiple aspects of mental health, from reducing fear responses to enhancing social connections. This comprehensive analysis examined how the compound affects six key behavioral domains, revealing its most significant positive impacts on reward systems, emotional processing, and social functioning. Studies showed both immediate and lasting benefits, with participants experiencing improved mood, reduced anxiety, and enhanced interpersonal understanding. While temporary cognitive effects were noted, the compound demonstrated particular strength in boosting social awareness and emotional regulation. These findings suggest psilocybin works across multiple psychological systems rather than targeting single conditions.
Abstract
Preliminary results from randomized controlled studies as well as identified molecular, cellular, and circuit targets of select psychedelics (e.g.,...
Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of anorexia nervosa - novel targets to break a vicious cycle.
Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy – December 01, 2024
Summary
Despite being the deadliest eating disorder, anorexia nervosa may soon have new treatment options. Emerging research shows promising results using innovative approaches like ketamine, psychedelics, and ketogenic nutrition alongside traditional therapies. These treatments target both the neurobiological basis of anorexia and common co-occurring conditions like anxiety and depression.
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) has one of the highest mortality rates of all mental illnesses. No approved pharmacological treatments exist for AN, but nove...
Plant drugs: Transcending the mescaline biosynthesis.
Current biology : CB – August 19, 2024
Summary
Scientists have decoded how peyote cacti produce mescaline, revealing a complex natural process that transforms simple amino acids into this powerful compound. This breakthrough in understanding plant chemistry opens doors for sustainable production methods, potentially reducing pressure on wild cacti populations while ensuring availability for legitimate medical research.
Abstract
Our knowledge of the biosynthesis of medicinal compounds from plants remains limited. A new study has deciphered the complete metabolic pathway lea...
Mitochondrial Metabolism in Major Depressive Disorder: From Early Diagnosis to Emerging Treatment Options.
Journal of clinical medicine – March 17, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking research reveals that cellular powerhouses - mitochondria - play a crucial role in Major Depressive Disorder. Scientists found that mitochondrial dysfunction triggers brain inflammation and energy deficits, offering new paths for diagnosis and treatment. Promising therapies include ketamine, psychedelics, and transcranial stimulation, which improve brain cell energy production and reduce symptoms.
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling diseases in the world. MDD is traditionally diagnosed based on a patient's symptoms, w...