3034 results for "Psilocybin"
Mystical and Affective Aspects of Psychedelic Use in a Naturalistic Setting: A Linguistic Analysis of Online Experience Reports
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – November 03, 2023
Summary
Mystical experiences frequently coexist with challenging elements during psychedelic journeys, according to an analysis of 7,317 online accounts. Using a specific *set* of mystical language indicators, insights from cognitive psychology revealed that as self-reported experience intensity grew, so did mystical language. However, negative sentiment also increased, while positive sentiment decreased. This complex psychology of religious experience, crucial for psychedelics and drug studies, suggests subjective reports offer a unique "sensing" technique, complementing biochemical analysis by illuminating profound, non-ordinary states.
Abstract
Analyzing online retrospective experience reports of psychedelic use can provide valuable insight into their acute subjective effects. Such reports...
The Psychedelic N,N-Dipropyltryptamine Prevents Seizures in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome via a Mechanism that Appears Independent of Serotonin and Sigma1 Receptors
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – September 18, 2023
Summary
A psychedelic tryptamine, DPT, completely prevented audiogenic seizures in an *Fmr1* knockout mouse model of fragile X syndrome at 10 mg/kg. Despite DPT's chemistry as a serotonin 5-HT receptor agonist, its antiepileptic mechanism of action wasn't blocked by 5-HT1A or other receptor antagonists. This pharmacology, relevant to neuroscience, neuropharmacology, and psychedelics drug studies, suggests DPT's effects are independent of its serotonergic properties. Complex pharmacological receptor mechanisms offer new avenues across internal medicine, endocrinology, and psychology, though high doses caused convulsions.
Abstract
The serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin shows efficacy in treating neuropsychiatric disorders, though the mechanism(s) underlying its therapeutic e...
An open-label pilot trial assessing tolerability and feasibility of LSD microdosing in patients with major depressive disorder (LSDDEP1).
Pilot and feasibility studies – October 05, 2023
Summary
A groundbreaking trial explores microdosing with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as a potential treatment for major depressive disorder. Twenty patients received tiny doses of LSD twice weekly for 8 weeks. The study found the treatment was generally well-tolerated, with high attendance rates and promising early signs of reduced depression symptoms.
Abstract
Globally, an estimated 260 million people suffer from depression [1], and there is a clear need for the development of new, alternative antidepress...
Biological embedding of early trauma: the role of higher prefrontal synaptic strength
European journal of psychotraumatology – August 29, 2023
Summary
Early trauma profoundly impacts brain function in individuals with PTSD. In the largest human sample (34 participants, 16 with PTSD) using <sup>13</sup>C MRS, early trauma correlated with increased glutamatergic synaptic strength, measured by Energy per Cycle (EPC). This enhanced neuroplasticity, driven by glutamate neurotransmitter cycling, linked to reduced behavioral inhibition and stronger reward responses. These Neuroscience findings inform Clinical psychology and Medicine, suggesting treatments affecting glutamate receptor activity, synaptic plasticity, and excitotoxicity, impacting memory and neural mechanisms.
Abstract
Background: Early trauma predicts poor psychological and physical health. Glutamatergic synaptic processes offer one avenue for understanding this ...
Development and validation of a sensitive LC–MS-MS method to quantify psilocin in authentic oral fluid samples
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – August 29, 2023
Summary
Psilocin, a psychedelic compound, was detected in human oral fluid for the first time, with concentrations up to 36.4 ng/mL in five volunteers. This advance in Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis utilized Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring for quantification. The chemistry involved careful sample preparation and extraction, achieving a detection limit of 0.05 ng/mL for the analyte. While stable for 72 hours at 4°C, psilocin degraded by 60-73% after three freeze/thaw cycles. This method is crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, offering insights into Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocin is an active substance and a dephosphorylated product of psilocybin formed after the ingestion of mushrooms. The low stability ca...
Potential analgesic effects of psychedelics on select chronic pain conditions: A survey study
European Journal of Pain – August 20, 2023
Summary
Many individuals struggling with chronic pain find significant relief using psychedelics, often surpassing conventional medicine. An observational study revealed that full doses of these substances provided better analgesic effects for conditions like fibromyalgia, arthritis, and migraine. Microdoses also offered superior relief for migraine and comparable benefits for fibromyalgia. Interestingly, sciatica was the sole condition where these Complementary and Alternative Medicine approaches didn't outperform standard drug treatments. This highlights a promising avenue for Psychedelics and Drug Studies in pain management.
Abstract
Abstract Background Chronic pain is a major cause of suffering and disability and is often associated with psychiatric complications. Current treat...
Have Effective Antidepressants Finally Arrived? Developments in Major Depressive Disorder Therapy.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry – August 14, 2023
Summary
Recent breakthroughs in depression treatment show promising alternatives for patients who don't respond to traditional medications. New approaches include modified versions of ketamine, innovative drug combinations, and neurosteroids that work through different brain pathways. Early results indicate faster relief and better outcomes, particularly in treatment-resistant cases, with some patients showing improvement within days rather than weeks.
Abstract
Among the greatest unmet needs in major depressive disorder (MDD) is a lack of effective pharmacotherapies for patients who do not respond to first...
Psychoactive substance use in patients diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an exploratory study
Frontiers in Psychiatry – July 11, 2023
Summary
Over 50% of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients experience symptoms into adulthood, often turning to psychoactive substances for relief. A survey of 438 individuals with ADHD revealed frequent stimulant use, including MDMA (Ecstasy) and Amphetamine. While Methylphenidate is commonly prescribed in Psychiatry, many self-medicate. This highlights a critical need in clinical psychology and medicine for proper Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis in the population using such substances, leading to better management and reduced reliance on illicit drugs.
Abstract
Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was originally treated as a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs mainly in children...
Evaluation of Sensorimotor Gating Deficits in Mice Through Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) of the Startle Response.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) – January 01, 2023
Summary
Disrupted sensory filtering, a hallmark of several psychiatric disorders, can now be studied using sophisticated behavioral tests in animal models. Scientists found that mice treated with DOI, a compound that mimics certain aspects of psychosis, showed measurable changes in their startle responses. By analyzing prepulse inhibition—how well animals filter out irrelevant sensory information—researchers gained valuable insights into brain mechanisms underlying sensory processing issues common in conditions like schizophrenia.
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition of the startle response enables measuring animal behavior and helps us understand core aspects of neuropsychiatric diseases. Pr...
Risk of bias in randomized clinical trials on psychedelic medicine: A systematic review
Journal of Psychopharmacology – July 01, 2023
Summary
Nearly all **clinical trials** on **psychedelics** face significant design challenges, raising concerns for **Medicine** and **Psychiatry**. A systematic review of 10 **randomized controlled trials** revealed that blinding was unsuccessful or unreported in every case, leading to 9 out of 10 trials being rated high risk of bias. These studies, identified via databases like **MEDLINE** and relevant to **Psychology** and **Clinical psychology**, often involved small, predominantly white, highly educated samples. Future rigorous **clinical trials** are crucial for advancing **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** and **Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies** involving **chemical synthesis and alkaloids**.
Abstract
Background: The classical psychedelics, psilocybin, peyote, ayahuasca/ N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide are considered promis...
Clinical specificity profile for novel rapid acting antidepressant drugs.
International clinical psychopharmacology – September 01, 2023
Summary
New rapid-acting antidepressants are revolutionizing depression treatment by targeting different brain pathways than traditional medications. These innovative drugs work through glutamate, GABA, and orexin systems, offering faster relief and better targeting of specific symptoms like anhedonia, suicidal thoughts, and sleep issues. Early results show promising effectiveness with fewer side effects than conventional antidepressants.
Abstract
Mood disorders are recurrent/chronic diseases with variable clinical remission rates. Available antidepressants are not effective in all patients a...
Psychedelics in the treatment of eating disorders: Rationale and potential mechanisms
European Neuropsychopharmacology – June 21, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy offers compelling promise for severe Eating disorders like Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa. Preliminary data, from various studies and case reports, suggests potential in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology for improving body image and cognitive flexibility. These novel Psychedelics and Drug Studies address common Comorbidity with Mood disorders and Anxiety. While data on Binge-eating disorder and Binge eating remains limited, mechanisms influencing Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior offer new avenues. Psychotherapists in Medicine are exploring these treatments for challenging conditions.
Abstract
Eating disorders are serious illnesses showing high rates of mortality and comorbidity with other mental health problems. Psychedelic-assisted ther...
In vivo mapping of pharmacologically induced functional reorganization onto the human brain’s neurotransmitter landscape
Science Advances – June 14, 2023
Summary
The human brain's response to drugs reveals a profound link between molecular structure and behavior. Neuroscience shows diverse pharmacological agents, including 10 psychedelics and anesthetics, reorganize brain function by engaging multiple neurotransmitter systems. By mapping 19 neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, a clear influence on behavior emerged. This pharmacology insight has significant implications for Psychology and Medicine, informing drug studies and our understanding of brain disorders. Crucially, regional drug susceptibility mirrors vulnerability to structural alterations seen in conditions like those linked to Tryptophan imbalances.
Abstract
To understand how pharmacological interventions can exert their powerful effects on brain function, we need to understand how they engage the brain...
Sex-specific effects of psychedelic drug exposure on central amygdala reactivity and behavioral responding.
Translational psychiatry – April 08, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic compounds affect men and women differently when processing fear and threats in the brain. Scientists found that psilocin, the active component in magic mushrooms, changes activity in a key emotional brain region called the amygdala in distinct ways between sexes. While females showed increased reactivity to threatening stimuli immediately after treatment, males experienced reduced fear responses that lasted up to 28 days. These findings help explain why psychedelics may work differently across genders in treating anxiety and mood disorders.
Abstract
Psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin have been shown to elicit rapid and long-lasting symptom improvements in a variety of affective psych...
Are psychedelic medicines the reset for chronic pain? Preliminary findings and research needs
Neuropharmacology – April 02, 2023
Summary
For many suffering chronic pain, existing medicine and psychosocial treatments are ineffective or cause distress. Excitingly, preliminary evidence suggests psychedelics could significantly improve quality of life and tolerability, aligning with a biopsychosocial model focused on acceptance rather than complete pain elimination. Clinical psychology and psychiatry are exploring if these effects, relevant to alternative medicine and drug studies involving chemical synthesis and alkaloids, are direct or mediated by psychological shifts. Developing new psychotherapeutic strategies based on this understanding is a crucial next step.
Abstract
Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability, reduced productivity, healthcare seeking behavior, and a contributor to opioid overdose in the Unite...
Psychedelic Targeting of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 and Its Implications for the Treatment of Alcoholism
Cells – March 22, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics show encouraging results for treating alcohol addiction, a major public health issue. This Neuroscience review synthesizes how psychedelics, via serotonin 2A receptors, restore function of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2). Understanding this metabotropic receptor crosstalk, including related glutamate receptors like metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, offers crucial insight into Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. This pharmacology insight, informed by Bioinformatics and Biochemical Analysis, paves the way for new medicine.
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a leading risk factor for the public health burden worldwide. Approved pharmacotherapies have demonstrated limited effectiveness o...
Discovering the Potential Mechanisms of Medicinal Mushrooms Antidepressant Activity: A Review
Antioxidants – March 02, 2023
Summary
Mushroom consumption significantly lowers the odds of depression. With major depression affecting over 322 million people worldwide and ~30% resistant to current antidepressant medicine, new pharmacological strategies are crucial. Insights from Fungal Biology and Applications reveal medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds. These natural compounds, often explored in traditional medicine, offer promising pharmacological effects. They act as serotonin precursors or rapid-acting antidepressants, influencing neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and the gut-brain axis, presenting novel avenues for medicine.
Abstract
Major Depression Disease is a common mental illness that affects more than 322 million people worldwide and it is one of the leading causes of ment...
Trends in drug use among nightclub and festival attendees in New York City, 2017-2022.
The International journal on drug policy – May 01, 2023
Summary
Drug trends at NYC nightlife venues shifted dramatically during 2017-2022, with natural psychedelics rising as traditional club drugs declined. While ketamine and mushroom use increased significantly, cocaine and methamphetamine saw notable decreases. The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have accelerated these changes, with partygoers increasingly favoring new psychoactive substances over conventional stimulants.
Abstract
Drug use is prevalent among people who attend electronic dance music (EDM) parties at nightclubs or festivals. This population can serve as a senti...
Is the Requirement for First-Person Experience of Psychedelic Drugs a Justified Component of a Psychedelic Therapist's Training?
Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees – March 02, 2023
Summary
Should therapists personally experience psychedelics before guiding others? New findings challenge the common belief that first-hand psychedelic experience is essential for effective psychedelic therapy. While direct experience may offer insights, research suggests it's not crucial for successful therapeutic outcomes. Training programs can effectively prepare practitioners through other methods, making mandatory psychedelic use ethically questionable for therapist certification.
Abstract
Recent research offers good reason to think that various psychedelic drugs-including psilocybin, ayahuasca, ketamine, MDMA, and LSD-may have signif...
Cannabis-assisted psychotherapy for complex dissociative posttraumatic stress disorder: A case report
Frontiers in Psychiatry – February 09, 2023
Summary
A young woman with complex dissociative posttraumatic stress disorder achieved a 98.5% reduction in pathological dissociation after ten sessions of cannabis-assisted psychotherapy. This psychotherapist-guided treatment combined cognitive and exposure therapies to address severe depersonalization and derealization, common in dissociative and panic disorders. Improved cognition and psychosocial functioning were sustained for over two years. Offering a promising avenue for clinical psychology and psychiatry, it links cannabis to psychedelics and their Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
Background A dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder, known as “D-PTSD”, has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual o...
Examining associations between MDMA/ecstasy and classic psychedelic use and impairments in social functioning in a U.S. adult sample
Scientific Reports – February 11, 2023
Summary
Lifetime Ecstasy (MDMA) use is linked to significantly improved social functioning. A large Psychology study of 214,505 U.S. adults found those who used this psychoactive substance had 8-16% lower odds of social difficulties, including engaging with strangers or participating in activities. This compound, from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, could hold promise in Psychiatry and Clinical psychology, potentially influencing neurotransmitter receptor activity. Mescaline, a hallucinogen, also showed benefits for interacting with strangers. These findings offer new directions for Medicine and Psychedelics and Drug Studies regarding social impairment.
Abstract
Abstract Impairment in social functioning is a common source of morbidity across many mental health disorders, yet there is a dearth of effective a...
Psychedelics for Patients With Cancer: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Annals of Pharmacotherapy – January 12, 2023
Summary
For cancer patients battling **anxiety** and **depression**, psychedelics offer a compelling finding in **psychiatry**. Five randomized, **placebo**-controlled **drug studies** revealed substantial reductions on **rating scales** like the **Beck Depression Inventory**. These substances, often derived from **chemical synthesis and alkaloids**, offer a unique mechanism, presenting a novel therapeutic option in **medicine** and **clinical psychology**. Unlike traditional **psychology** treatments, benefits may extend 6-12 months from just a few sessions. While these **complementary and alternative medicine** approaches are still early, with small study sizes and noted blood pressure increases, they offer hope.
Abstract
Objective: To assess the role of psychedelics in the treatment of anxiety or depression among patients with cancer. Data Sources: PubMed search fro...
A proposed mechanism for the MDMA-mediated extinction of traumatic memories in PTSD patients treated with MDMA-assisted therapy
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 12, 2022
Summary
As many as 40-70% of PTSD patients suffer from refractory disease, highlighting a critical need in psychiatry. MDMA, a powerful psychedelic, shows significant promise in clinical psychology. Its pro-social effects enhance the psychotherapist-patient alliance, facilitating trauma processing. Beyond psychology, a biological mechanism involving increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in fear memory pathways contributes to its therapeutic action in medicine. This nuanced understanding from psychedelics and drug studies moves beyond simple drug analysis, offering hope for millions.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating psychiatric disorder afflicting millions of people around the world. Characterized by severe...
Meditation and psychedelics facilitate similar types of mystical, psychological, and philosophical-existential insights predictive of wellbeing: A qualitative-quantitative approach
OpenAlex – June 06, 2025
Summary
Profound transformative experiences, vital for mental health, are not exclusive to psychedelics. Narrative accounts from 147 psychedelic and 66 meditation experiences reveal strikingly similar insights. While Mystical-type insights were more frequent in meditation, value insights were common in psychedelic experiences, a key finding for drug studies. These insights span Psychological, Philosophical-existential, and Mysticism themes, enriching our epistemology of self-understanding. Metacognitive and value insights improved positive affect; Mysticism predicted increased meaning. Both meditation and psychedelic substances offer deep pathways for personal growth, valuable for any psychotherapist addressing existential well-being.
Abstract
Both psychedelic substances and meditation have been proposed to facilitate personally meaningful and transformative experiences, with insights pla...
Embracing Change: Impermanence Acceptance Mediates Differences in Death Processing Between Ayahuasca Users and Non-users
OpenAlex – July 28, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca users exhibit markedly lower death anxiety and fear of death, alongside greater acceptance of mortality. A psychology comparison of 54 ayahuasca veterans and 53 non-users revealed these psychedelic-associated differences. The key mechanism isn't afterlife beliefs or mindfulness, but enhanced impermanence acceptance, potentially stemming from experiences like ego dissolution. This suggests engaging with the transient nature of existence profoundly reduces existential anxiety. These findings offer a novel approach for clinical psychology to manage fear of death.
Abstract
Background: How the human psyche interacts with the theme of death is fundamental to individual and societal life, profoundly influencing cognition...
The Music for Subanesthetic Infusions of Ketamine randomised clinical trial: ketamine as a psychedelic treatment for highly refractory depression
The British Journal of Psychiatry – June 18, 2025
Summary
A randomized controlled trial reveals profound, sustained relief from severe depression and anxiety through a psychological intervention combining Ketamine with psychotherapy. Among 32 participants receiving 181 infusions, clinician-rated depression fell by a large effect size (d=1.2), while anxiety also significantly improved (d=0.8). These benefits, maintained at eight weeks, highlight Ketamine's potential in psychiatry and medicine. Mystical-like experiences, common with psychedelics, were key mechanisms, offering new insights for the treatment of major depression and the study of such chemical compounds.
Abstract
Background Ketamine exerts potent but transient antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Combinations of ketamine and psycho...
The Selective Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Agonist (S)-3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperidine (LPH-5) Induces Persistent and Robust Antidepressant-Like Effects in Rodents
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – May 29, 2025
Summary
A novel **piperidine** compound, LPH-5, demonstrates potent **antidepressant**-like effects in rats, a breakthrough for **Drug Studies**. Its unique **chemistry**, with a **trifluoromethyl** group, allows precise **chemical synthesis**. This **pharmacology** reveals LPH-5 acts as a selective partial **agonist** at the **serotonin 5-HT2A receptor**, showing pronounced selectivity over other **5-HT receptor** subtypes. This specific **receptor** activation profoundly influences **neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior**, inducing robust, persistent mood improvements. This work, inspired by **alkaloids** like classical **psychedelics**, highlights new treatment potential.
Abstract
Psychedelics have emerged as a promising treatment for mental health disease, and the therapeutic potential of psilocybin and lysergic acid diethyl...
Effects of psychedelics on human oscillatory brain activity.
International review of neurobiology – January 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic compounds profoundly reorganize brain activity. Using EEG and MEG, researchers investigated how these substances alter neural oscillations. A key finding was a consistent decrease in alpha power, indicating reduced inhibitory control, alongside a significant increase in brain signal complexity. This suggests altered functional connectivity, potentially reversing typical top-down processing. These objective EEG markers offer valuable insights into the unique psychedelic experience and its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
This chapter reviews the effects of classic psychedelics on human oscillatory brain activity, as measured by resting-state electroencephalography (...
Emerging Risks of Amanita Muscaria: Case Reports on Increasing Consumption and Health Risks.
Acta medica Lituanica – January 01, 2025
Summary
Four people recently hospitalized for consuming *Amanita muscaria* were all discharged in stable condition, revealing a growing trend. This review highlights increased recreational use of these psychoactive mushrooms, driven by compounds like muscimol and its precursor, ibotenic acid. While some explore microdosing, the unregulated nature of *Amanita muscaria* raises public health concerns regarding its known toxicity.
Abstract
The increasing popularity of Amanita muscaria, driven by its hallucinogenic properties, has raised significant public health concerns, particularly...
Psychedelics for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Narrative Review with Candidate Mechanisms of Action.
CNS drugs – July 10, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, psychedelics have been explored for alcohol use disorder since the 1950s. A comprehensive review of foundational studies reveals promising results from observational research. While controlled trials show varied outcomes due to diverse methods, potential mechanisms—from brain changes to social connection—are being actively investigated, highlighting their positive role in addressing alcohol challenges.
Abstract
Psychedelics have been studied since the 1950s as a potential treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), with over a dozen clinical trials of lyserg...
A review of psychedelics trials completed in depression, informed by European regulatory perspectives.
Neuroscience applied.. – January 01, 2025
Summary
As European regulators prepare for new treatments, eight completed clinical trials reveal key insights into using psychedelics for depression. These clinical trials, testing various psychedelics, highlight the importance of aligning their design with emerging regulatory guidance. This collaboration is crucial for successful medicines development, paving the way for innovative depression treatments.
Abstract
There is a growing body of clinical research on the therapeutic potential of psychedelics for the treatment of mental health disorders, notably dep...
Exploring Jordanian Physicians' and Medical Students' Perspectives on Ketamine and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies: An Insight from the Middle East.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – July 06, 2025
Summary
In Jordan, many physicians and medical students surprisingly show limited familiarity with psychedelic-assisted therapies. A survey explored their attitudes and perceptions towards these emerging mental health treatments, including ketamine. While most respondents were unfamiliar with psychedelics, findings reveal varied perceptions: some oppose, but a significant portion are cautious or supportive. Demographics like age and gender influenced these attitudes. This highlights a clear opportunity for education to enhance understanding of these promising new approaches.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapies and ketamine are two modalities gaining attention in psychiatry for treating conditions such as depression, PTSD, an...
Older Adults in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Trials: A Systematic Review
European Psychiatry – April 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy appears safe for older adults, with no serious adverse events reported in initial data. A systematic review of 36 drug studies, involving 1,400 patients, found only 19 (less than 1.4%) were 65 or older. Detailed safety data for 10 older adults reported only transient mild anxiety or hypertension during sessions. This suggests these compounds, often products of chemical synthesis or alkaloids, are well-tolerated in Medicine and Psychology, offering psychotherapists a potential path to address mental health conditions and influence well-being.
Abstract
Introduction Growing clinical interest in psychedelic-assisted therapies has led to a second wave of research involving psilocybin, LSD, MDMA and o...
Population Survey Data Informing the Therapeutic Potential of Classic and Novel Phenethylamine, Tryptamine, and Lysergamide Psychedelics
Frontiers in Psychiatry – February 11, 2020
Summary
A large population survey reveals classic tryptamines are linked to significantly reduced psychological distress and suicidal thoughts. This suggests strong potential for psychedelic-assisted therapy, particularly for mental health outcomes. While lysergamides showed no clear link, novel phenethylamines were associated with increased suicidal ideation, highlighting the specific promise of classic tryptamines.
Abstract
IntroductionThe majority of contemporary psychedelic research has focused on ayahuasca, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin, though there ar...
View, meditation, action: A Tibetan framework to inform psychedelic-assisted therapy
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 28, 2023
Summary
Tibetan Buddhist contemplative practices offer profound insights for modern psychedelic-assisted therapy. Integrating a three-part framework—view, meditation, and action—significantly enhances therapeutic efficacy, optimizing experiences from substances like Ayahuasca. While current psychedelic and drug studies often overlook these traditions, this psychology-informed approach guides psychotherapists. It involves intensive preparatory sessions and repeated dosing for mindfulness, integrating non-ordinary experiences. Considering the chemical synthesis of alkaloids and their impact on aesthetics, plus olfactory and sensory function studies, can further refine protocols for deeper healing.
Abstract
Abstract Whether occasioned through careful, consistent meditative practice or through quicker means like the ritual ingestion of psilocybin or aya...
Relaxed Beliefs After Psychedelics: From Sensory Processing to Mystical States
CORE – December 01, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, psychedelics appear to reconfigure brain networks, leading to lasting shifts in perception. Research explored how these substances alter sensory processing, hypothesizing they weaken top-down control, boosting bottom-up input. Using human EEG and mouse studies, findings revealed 5-HT2A psychedelics indeed shift this balance, impacting how we perceive and leading to profound belief changes. These positive results contribute to their therapeutic effects. Distinct brain network changes were observed with 5-MeO-DMT. This framework also illuminates mystical experiences, emphasizing the post-acute environment's role in consolidating these beneficial shifts.
Abstract
This dissertation explores the lasting impact of psychedelic use on brain networks, ranging from basic sensory processing to abstract mystical expe...
Peculiar plants and fantastic fungi: An ethnobotanical study of the use of hallucinogenic plants and mushrooms in Slovenia
PLoS ONE – January 07, 2021
Summary
Most individuals using hallucinogens seek personal growth, not problematic drug use. A study of 68 users revealed 91% consumed Psilocybin-containing mushrooms, with 50% using no other natural psychedelics. Initial use, often in their 20s and driven by curiosity, involved 26 different plants. This pattern, observed in Slovenia, highlights the complex psychology behind ethnobotany and these substances. It shifts drug studies' focus, suggesting motivations beyond recreation, relevant to traditional medicine and the inherent biochemical makeup of these alkaloids.
Abstract
The present study examined the patterns of use among a sample of 68 users of hallucinogenic plants and mushrooms in Slovenia. In compiling the list...
An online survey of tobacco smoking cessation associated with naturalistic psychedelic use
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 18, 2017
Summary
Nearly 40% of individuals achieved continuous smoking cessation after a single psychedelic experience, suggesting a novel approach in clinical psychology. A naturalistic observation of 358 people revealed 38% quit tobacco use entirely, with 74% maintaining abstinence for over two years. Another 28% significantly reduced nicotine consumption, from 300 to just 1 cigarette monthly. These findings indicate psychedelics may aid smoking cessation by altering life priorities and improving emotional regulation, representing a promising avenue in medicine and psychiatry for addiction treatment.
Abstract
Data suggest psychedelics such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may hold therapeutic potential in the treatment of addictions, in...
A Scoping Review of Research in Naturalistic Studies with Psychedelics.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – June 28, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca is the most studied psychedelic in real-world settings, revealing unique insights. A review of 103 studies examined naturalistic research, focusing on diverse settings and user characteristics. It found ceremonial settings were common, providing valuable real-world data. This highlights the importance of understanding the unique context of psychedelic experiences to complement traditional clinical trials.
Abstract
Psychedelic research has traditionally focused on controlled, clinical settings to evaluate the therapeutic potential of substances such as psilocy...
Ergotamine enhances circadian amplitude and diurnally mitigates nitroglycerin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity.
The journal of headache and pain – May 23, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, a common migraine treatment, Ergotamine, significantly boosts the amplitude of the body's internal clock. Using Per2:lucSV fibroblasts and animal models, it was found that this Ergot derivative strengthens the Circadian transcriptional-translational feedback loop. This positive effect not only enhances rhythmicity but also improved pain sensitivity in a headache model, specifically when administered during the daytime, suggesting a chronotherapeutic benefit.
Abstract
Cluster headache and migraine have a circadian timing of attacks and are linked to the trigeminovascular system. Recently the trigeminal ganglion w...
Are we hallucinating or can psychedelic drugs modulate the immune system to control inflammation?
British journal of pharmacology – July 28, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic drugs, known for activating the 5-HT2A receptor, are revealing a surprising ability to modulate the immune system. Evidence suggests they effectively reduce inflammation, including neuroinflammation, by inhibiting pro-inflammatory responses. Animal and early human data support these positive effects. Crucially, new compounds are being developed that offer these anti-inflammatory benefits without the psychedelic experience, presenting innovative avenues for treatment.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs that activate 5-HT2A receptors have been long used for cultural, medicinal and recreational purposes. Interest in psychedelics fo...
The polypharmacology of psychedelics reveals multiple targets for potential therapeutics.
Neuron – July 15, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics, known for their hallucinogen properties, show surprising potential. Research explored 41 psychedelics, finding they broadly interact with G-protein-coupled receptors, including serotonin receptors and dopamine receptors. This comprehensive profiling revealed these compounds activate multiple targets, suggesting their effects, including therapeutic benefits, stem from complex interactions beyond a single receptor. This broad engagement highlights their diverse pharmacological actions.
Abstract
The classical psychedelics (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and mescaline exert their psychedelic effects via activation of the 5-...
A systematic literature review of clinical trials and therapeutic applications of ibogaine.
Journal of substance abuse treatment – July 01, 2022
Summary
A comprehensive review suggests ibogaine, a unique psychedelic, shows promise as a treatment for substance use disorder. It appears effective in reducing withdrawal and craving, particularly for opioid and cocaine addiction. Unlike classic hallucinogens, this approach may offer novel therapeutic opportunities, also aiding depressive symptoms. Rigorous medical oversight is crucial for safe application.
Abstract
Iboga and its primary alkaloids, ibogaine and noribogaine, have been of interest to researchers and practitioners, mainly due to their putative eff...
[Neurotrophic mechanisms of psychedelic therapy].
Biologie aujourd'hui – January 01, 2019
Summary
Therapeutic effects of psychedelics can last long after the drug is gone, suggesting they trigger lasting brain changes. Studies reveal how compounds like LSD and ketamine (kétamine) impact neurotrophic factors such as BDNF. The central idea is that despite different receptor targets, these psychedelics initiate similar beneficial plastic adaptations in the brain's prefrontal cortex. Positive findings indicate these mechanisms could effectively treat conditions like depression (dépression) and addiction, offering new avenues for mental health care.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs, often referred to as hallucinogens, are quite distinct from other classes of psychotropic drugs. Although the subjective and beh...
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Ibogaine
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – September 14, 2018
Summary
The powerful hallucinogen ibogaine, from the West African iboga plant, historically treated addiction. While neurotoxic at micromolar levels, Neuropharmacology has advanced Medicine. A safer analog, 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC), specifically modulates the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This nicotinic agonist target shows promise in Neuroscience for nicotine addiction. Psychedelics and Drug Studies explore its Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, offering new approaches. Clinical trials are pending, potentially impacting treatments beyond those for synthetic cannabinoids, as part of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study.
Abstract
The West African iboga plant has been used for centuries by the Bwiti and Mbiri tribes to induce hallucinations during religious ceremonies. Ibogai...
Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures.
Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain) – January 01, 2015
Summary
Ancient Mesoamerican culturas precolombinas extensively used hallucinogens for spiritual and healing rituals. Evidence, some over 5000 years old, confirms the widespread use of substances like peyote and hallucinogenic fungi, including Psilocybe spp. and Turbina corymbosa. These alucinógenos were central to ancient societies, with archaeological and historical findings showing hongos and other psychoactive plants induced altered states. This rich tradition persists today.
Abstract
The American continent is very rich in psychoactive plants and fungi, and many pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures used them for magical, therapeut...
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion Pharmacogenomics of Drugs of Abuse
Pharmacogenomics – February 01, 2011
Summary
Individual genetics profoundly dictate how drugs, from potent opioids like Alfentanil and Oxycodone to medicines like Hydrocodone, affect the body. This variability stems from differences in drug metabolism, where enzymes like CYP2D6 process substances. Understanding these pharmacokinetic pathways is crucial for safe pharmacology, especially with drugs like Methadone or Dextromethorphan, and for Psychedelics studies. Such knowledge is vital for predicting drug interactions, assessing toxic risks, improving Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, and understanding how drugs influence behavior via neurotransmitter receptors.
Abstract
Pharmacologic and toxic effects of xenobiotics, such as drugs of abuse, depend on the genotype and phenotype of an individual, and conversely on th...
Species identification and chemical analysis of psychoactive fungi in the Hawaiian islands.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – September 01, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Several fungi species collected in the Hawaiian Islands have been reported to be psychoactive. Previous chemical analyses together with the present...
Dosing Psychedelics and MDMA.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – January 01, 2022
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Classic psychedelics, including psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), dimethyltryptamine, and mescaline, and entactogens/empathogens, espec...
Safer Tripping: Serotonergic Psychedelics and Drug Checking. Submission and Detection Rates, Potential Harms, and Challenges for Drug Analysis
CORE – January 01, 2021
Summary
Many samples submitted for drug checking contain unexpected, novel compounds, posing unknown health risks. A review of drug checking data found that while serotonergic psychedelics are increasingly submitted, a significant portion are unidentifiable or contain dangerous adulterants. These novel substances often have unpredictable effects. Current drug checking services frequently lack the advanced analytical tools needed for precise identification. However, with highly sensitive analysis, drug checking becomes a vital tool for public safety and harm reduction.
Abstract
Purpose of Review With the continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances, drug checking (DC) services are challenged by an increasingly compl...
Pharmacotherapy to Prevent Alcohol Relapse in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.
Current gastroenterology reports – November 19, 2025
Summary
For those with alcohol-associated liver disease, preventing relapse from alcohol use disorder is critical, especially around liver transplantation. While pharmacotherapy like Naltrexone and Acamprosate effectively aids relapse prevention, and Baclofen shows promise even in cirrhosis, these treatments are often underutilized. However, integrated care models are proving highly successful in expanding access and improving patient outcomes through better uptake of these vital medications.
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) drives alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and relapsing after abstinence remains a significant challenge before and...
Translation and cultural adaptation of the States of Consciousness Questionnaire (SOCQ) and statistical validation of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30) in Brazilian Portuguese
Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) – January 01, 2017
Summary
Unlocking insights into profound altered states of consciousness is now significantly advanced for Portuguese speakers. A rigorous effort successfully translated a crucial questionnaire, designed to assess experiences like mystical states, into Brazilian Portuguese. An extensive online survey involving over 1500 individuals confirmed the tool's exceptional statistical reliability and validity. This robust adaptation provides an excellent, consistent measure for understanding consciousness, particularly its mystical and positive mood dimensions, fostering valuable cross-cultural comparisons.
Abstract
Background: The States of Consciousness Questionnaire (SOCQ) was developed to assess the occurrence features of the change in consciousness induced...
Synthesis and characterization of high‐purity N,N‐dimethyltryptamine hemifumarate for human clinical trials
Drug Testing and Analysis – July 01, 2020
Summary
A highly pure form of the psychedelic DMT is now ready for clinical trials, crucial for advancing drug studies. Through novel chemical synthesis, using aluminum hydride from lithium aluminum hydride, a DMT hemifumarate salt was produced. Extensive chemistry analysis—mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, and chromatography—confirmed minimal 99.9% purity. This rigorous standard, essential across all drug studies from cannabis to other alkaloids, ensures safety. No significant impurities or residual lithium were detected, meeting regulatory requirements.
Abstract
Abstract Since 2006, there has been a resurgent interest in the pharmacology and therapeutics of psychedelic drugs. Psilocybin, the 4‐phosphoryl es...
Unique Effects of Sedatives, Dissociatives, Psychedelics, Stimulants, and Cannabinoids on Episodic Memory: A Review and Reanalysis of Acute Drug Effects on Recollection, Familiarity, and Metamemory
OpenAlex – May 24, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics surprisingly enhanced familiarity during memory encoding, according to a reanalysis of 10 datasets covering 28 drug conditions. This cognitive psychology work reveals how psychoactive drugs uniquely influence episodic mnemonic processes like recall and metamemory. Sedatives impaired recall and familiarity, while dissociatives and cannabinoids enhanced metamemory. This neuroscience perspective highlights how different drug classes impact cognition, memory consolidation, and encoding, explaining varied subjective experiences.
Abstract
Abstract Despite distinct classes of psychoactive drugs producing putatively unique states of consciousness, there is surprising overlap in terms o...
Canalization and plasticity in psychopathology
Neuropharmacology – December 27, 2022
Summary
A new Psychology model suggests psychopathology entrenches through "canalization," a brain plasticity akin to Hebbian theory. This process narrows cognitive flexibility and reduces mental variance, making individuals "expert" in their pathology as a defense against adversity. Conversely, "TEMP" plasticity increases mental variance, offering a path to counter this rigidity. This framework, relevant to Mental Health Research and Cognitive psychology, proposes that interventions, including some from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, could reintroduce TEMP to foster greater adaptability in Mental Health and Psychiatry.
Abstract
This theoretical article revives a classical bridging construct, canalization, to describe a new model of a general factor of psychopathology. To a...
Association Between Lifetime Classic Psychedelic Use and Hypertension in the Past Year
Hypertension – March 08, 2021
Summary
Adults reporting lifetime classic psychedelic use showed a 14% lower likelihood of hypertension, a significant association with implications for medicine. Analyzing US survey data from 2005-2014, these drug studies reveal a particularly strong connection with tryptamines, which are structurally similar to tryptophan and influence neurotransmitter receptor activity. Lifetime tryptamine use was linked to a 20% lower likelihood of high blood pressure. This intriguing finding suggests a potential role for psychedelics in cardiovascular health, impacting our understanding of brain disorders and their treatment.
Abstract
Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005–2014), weighted to be representative of the US adult population, the present study...
Ethical issues with psychedelic-assisted treatments in psychiatry: A systematic scoping review
Psychological Medicine – January 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics are poised for widespread psychiatric use, making urgent ethical questions paramount. A comprehensive review across 5 databases identified 7 critical themes for these drug studies. These range from patient safety and robust therapeutic relationships to informed consent and equitable access, considering the profound neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. Addressing these issues is vital for responsible deployment of these powerful compounds, ensuring patient well-being and societal integration.
Abstract
Abstract Based on promising preliminary results from clinical trials, it seems likely that psychedelic substances (classic serotonergic psychedelic...
Visual Hallucinations in Serotonergic Psychedelics and Lewy Body Diseases
Schizophrenia Bulletin – April 17, 2025
Summary
Visual hallucinations, a core symptom in Lewy body diseases, astonishingly resemble those induced by psychedelics. A review of neurology and **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** reveals shared neural pathways. Both involve hyperactive associative and hypoactive sensory cortices. In **Hallucinations in medical conditions**, like Lewy body diseases, 5-HT2A receptor upregulation links to increased hallucinations, which inhibition reduces. **Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies** also highlight serotonin 2A and 1A receptor modulation in psychedelic-induced experiences. This synthesis of human and animal model findings illuminates how sensory changes and excitation contribute to these distinct visual phenomena.
Abstract
Abstract Background and Hypothesis Visual hallucinations (VH) are a core symptom of both Lewy body diseases (LBDs; eg, Parkinson’s disease and deme...
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: Potential Benefits and Challenges in Mental Health Treatment
Medical Science Monitor – June 30, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics offer compelling potential for mental health, addressing severe conditions like depression and PTSD. These substances, including those from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, are explored in Psychiatry and Psychology. A psychotherapist might integrate them into Medicine, yet current Drug Studies, often found in MEDLINE, confirm psychedelic-assisted therapy remains experimental due to a scarcity of large-scale trials. While unique mechanisms, such as those related to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, are under study, robust evidence is crucial for patients needing intensive care medicine-level attention for complex mental health challenges.
Abstract
Psychedelics, derived from the Greek words "psyche" (soul) and "deloun" (revealing), are substances historically and currently considered "soul-rev...
Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans
Molecules – April 22, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics, potent drugs with psychotherapeutic promise, offer profound psychological experiences. Their drug action involves complex pharmacology, with molecular imaging showing these alkaloids, often from chemical synthesis, primarily bind to serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. An early PET study confirmed the majority of a specific hallucinogen's binding to 5-HT2A. Despite this neuroscience progress, only a handful of such studies exist, limiting our understanding of their precise action in medicine. Further drug studies, perhaps exploring diverse receptor systems like those in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors study, are crucial.
Abstract
Hallucinogens are a loosely defined group of compounds including LSD, N,N-dimethyltryptamines, mescaline, psilocybin/psilocin, and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-...