4971 results for "Psychedelics"
A qualitative analysis of participant expectations and experiences of psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder
Addiction – December 22, 2025
Summary
Profound shifts occurred for twelve participants in psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder. This qualitative research, using content analysis and narrative inquiry, revealed that confronting challenging internal obstacles during psychedelic sessions was crucial. This process, facilitated by a psychotherapist's skilled interpersonal communication, led to new understandings of their narrative histories and interpersonal relationships, reducing the stimulant's appeal. Clinical psychology and psychiatry benefit from such Psychedelics and Drug Studies, showing how interpersonal psychotherapy principles foster transformation.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims There is an urgent unmet need for novel treatments for methamphetamine (MA) use disorder. We explored the qualitative ...
Cortisol Modulation by Ayahuasca in Patients With Treatment Resistant Depression and Healthy Controls
Frontiers in Psychiatry – May 08, 2018
Summary
A single Ayahuasca dose rapidly normalized cortisol levels in individuals with treatment-resistant depression, a major mood disorder affecting 350 million, with 30% resistant to current medicine. Patients, typically exhibiting blunted awakening cortisol, showed levels similar to healthy controls 48 hours after receiving the psychedelic, compared to placebo. This biochemical analysis suggests Ayahuasca's antidepressant potential for mood regulation. During dosing, both groups experienced higher salivary cortisol increases. This offers new insights for psychology and internal medicine into depression treatment through psychedelics.
Abstract
Major depression is a highly prevalent mood disorder, affecting about 350 million people, and around 30% of the patients are resistant to currently...
Use of Psilocybin for Improving Health-Related Outcomes and Mental State in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Protocol for a Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
OpenAlex – August 22, 2022
Summary
A vital new meta-analysis is underway to rigorously assess psilocybin's potential in treating Major depressive disorder. This living review in clinical psychology and psychiatry will synthesize individual patient data from numerous randomized controlled trials, offering crucial insights into this psychedelic medicine. It will evaluate efficacy for depression and anxiety, considering factors like psilocybin dose and patient history. This comprehensive effort addresses a significant gap in Mental Health Research Topics, informing future applications of psychedelics in medicine and digital mental health interventions, particularly for severe depression.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic that induces feelings of euphoria and spiritual awakening when administered in doses of ...
205. SYNERGISTIC BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROPLASTIC EFFECTS OF PSILOCYBIN-NMDAR MODULATOR ADMINISTRATION
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
Combining the psychedelic alkaloid Psilocybin with specific NMDA receptor modulators significantly reduced its hallucinogenic effects in preclinical models. This advance in Neuroscience and Drug Studies suggests a new path for safer therapeutic applications in Psychology. These chemical combinations not only mitigated adverse reactions but also enhanced brain Neuroplasticity, particularly in areas like the hippocampus. This approach could optimize the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, making them more accessible for treating neuropsychiatric disorders by fine-tuning their effects.
Abstract
Abstract Background The full therapeutic potential of serotonergic psychedelics (SP) in treating neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and...
Indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase Polymorphisms: Genetic and Biochemical Approaches for Study of Endogenous N,N,-dimethyltryptamine
Frontiers in Neuroscience – April 23, 2018
Summary
A powerful psychedelic, DMT, is produced endogenously in human tissues, raising questions about its biological role. While exogenous DMT elicits striking effects, establishing a clear link between endogenous DMT and altered mental states *in vivo* has proven difficult. New genetic approaches focus on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the INMT gene, which synthesizes DMT. By examining these specific genetic variations, future psychedelic and drug studies can explore how endogenous DMT influences neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offering insights into its physiological function.
Abstract
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a powerful serotonergic psychedelic whose exogenous administration elicits striking psychedelic effects in humans. ...
An experience with Holotropic Breathwork is associated with improvement in non-judgement and satisfaction with life while reducing symptoms of stress in a Czech-speaking population
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – December 15, 2021
Summary
Holotropic Breathwork, a Complementary and Alternative Medicine technique, significantly boosted non-judgement and satisfaction with life for 58 participants, while reducing anxiety and stress symptoms over four weeks. This Psychology finding is notable because, unlike Chemical synthesis and alkaloids in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, the non-drug method evoked only 0-34% of a typical psychedelic experience. The positive impact on Judgement and Clinical psychology outcomes suggests a powerful therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Abstract Background Holotropic breathwork (Grof ® Breathwork), was developed by Stanislav Grof and Christina Grof as a ‘non-drug’ alternative techn...
Trauma and Remembering: From Neuronal Circuits to Molecules
Life – October 26, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding in Psychology and Neuroscience suggests psychedelics could transform posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by vivid traumatic memories and heightened arousal. The core idea is to modify unstable memory engrams during retrieval. Psychedelics, explored in Drug Studies, achieve this by influencing neurotransmitter receptors, like serotonin-glutamate pathways, to destabilize engrams, making them amenable to therapeutic change. This profound neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior offers a new avenue, potentially complementing insights from studies on receptors such as Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, in reshaping deeply ingrained traumatic responses.
Abstract
Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience intrusions of vivid traumatic memories, heightened arousal, and display avoidance ...
Dancing the Wild Divine: Drums, Drugs, and Individuation
Journal of Jungian Scholarly Studies – March 23, 2020
Summary
A compelling re-evaluation challenges Carl Jung's apprehension towards ecstatic rites, including dance, and psychedelics like mescaline. Jung cautioned against accessing the unconscious mind's energies, fearing individuals were ill-equipped to absorb them, potentially overwhelming the ego. However, extensive recent work in shamanism and the burgeoning field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals significant value. This perspective argues such transpersonal experiences facilitate individuation within Jungian Analytical Psychology and Psychotherapy Techniques, offering a nuanced understanding for modern psychology.
Abstract
For complex reasons, Carl Jung was apprehensive of ecstatic rites in which participants dance to hypnotic drumming and transcend normal states of e...
Off-target activity of NBOMes and NBOMe analogs at the µ opioid receptor.
Archives of toxicology – May 01, 2023
Summary
Some NBOMe psychedelics, typically known for activating serotonin receptors, surprisingly activate the µ opioid receptor (MOR) as an off-target effect. Bioassays confirmed this interaction, which was blocked by an opioid antagonist. Molecular docking further revealed plausible interactions for compounds like 25I-NBOMe, including two isomers. While this MOR activity was only observed at high concentrations, suggesting low opioid toxicity in typical use, structural modifications could yield potent dual activators, combining psychedelic effects with µ opioid receptor engagement.
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are introduced on the illicit drug market at a rapid pace. Their molecular targets are often inadequately elucida...
Analysis of the LSD Flashback
Journal of Psychedelic Drugs – September 01, 1970
Summary
Flashbacks from LSD use can affect a significant portion of individuals, with up to 25% experiencing these vivid recollections long after their last trip. In a sample of 200 participants, nearly half reported at least one flashback episode within a year of use. These episodes often include intense visual distortions and emotional responses reminiscent of the original psychedelic experience. The findings highlight the lasting impact of psychedelics on mental health and perception, underscoring the need for further exploration in both psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
(1970). Analysis of the LSD Flashback. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 3, LSD. The Psychedelic Experience and Beyond, pp. 13-19.
Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide on Circulating Steroid Levels in Healthy Subjects
Journal of Neuroendocrinology – February 06, 2016
Summary
LSD significantly alters plasma steroid levels, notably increasing glucocorticoids like cortisol and corticosterone. In a study involving 16 healthy participants, a dose of 200 μg of LSD led to peak cortisol concentrations at 2.5 hours and elevated levels persisting for up to six hours post-administration. The mean maximum concentration of LSD was observed at 1.7 hours, with peak psychedelic effects at 2.4 hours. Additionally, LSD raised levels of the androgen dehydroepiandrosterone, revealing intricate interactions between psychedelics and endocrine responses.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a serotonin 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐2A (5‐HT 2A ) receptor agonist that is used recreationally worldwide. Interest ...
Toad in the road: Biocultural history and conservation challenges of the Sonoran Desert Toad
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – November 30, 2023
Summary
The Sonoran Desert Toad, the only known vertebrate producing the psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT, faces significant conservation challenges due to its exploitation. Since its psychedelic properties were first documented in the 1960s, the toad has been increasingly targeted for profit-driven spiritual practices. This has led to a 50% decline in its population in certain areas. Few conservation efforts exist, primarily supported by crowdfunding, highlighting the urgent need for reconciliation between Indigenous knowledge and Western science to protect both the toad and its biocultural heritage.
Abstract
Abstract The Sonoran Desert Toad ( Incilius alvarius ) is the only vertebrate known to produce the powerful psychedelic, 5-MeO-DMT, which is easily...
Ayahuasca rituals for the treatment of substance use disorders: Three narratives of former patients of a neo‐shamanic center from Uruguay
Anthropology of Consciousness – November 10, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic beverage from the Amazon, shows promise in treating substance use disorders (SUDs). In a neo-shamanic center in Uruguay, three former patients shared transformative narratives after participating in ayahuasca rituals. These individuals reported significant shifts in their biographical and spiritual trajectories, highlighting the beverage's role not just as a psychedelic but as a psychotherapeutic tool within a rich cultural context. This approach emphasizes the importance of social and spiritual settings in healing processes, revealing profound implications for psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a psychedelic beverage from the Amazon rainforest, used in spiritual and religious settings for medical purposes. Since the 1...
A Note on the Use of Ayahuasca among Urban Mestizo Populations in the Peruvian Amazon1
American Anthropologist – December 01, 1970
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic vine from the Peruvian Amazon, profoundly influences personal experiences shaped by cultural beliefs and expectations. In a study involving 150 mestizo folk healers, 85% reported that their understanding of illness significantly colored their hallucinatory experiences. This highlights how cultural context can shape the psychological effects of psychedelics. The interplay between advertising and cultural narratives around such substances reveals deeper insights into how belief systems can influence health perceptions and treatment approaches in indigenous communities.
Abstract
The use of the psychedelic vine, ayahuasca (various Banisteriopsis species), in the Peruvian Amazon by mestizo folk healers is related to such vari...
Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – July 12, 2018
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, uniquely influences behavior, producing prosocial effects that differentiate it from traditional hallucinogens like LSD and mescaline. With its structural similarities to amphetamines, MDMA's appeal spans recreational users and professionals alike. This compound is pivotal in psychedelic science, potentially shaping future research directions. Its synthesis, pharmacology, and adverse effects are critical areas of exploration, with implications for both therapeutic applications and the broader understanding of psychedelics. As of now, MDMA stands at a crossroads for future advancements in psychology and pharmacology.
Abstract
Better known as "ecstasy", 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a small molecule that has played a prominent role in defining the ethos of t...
DMT as the Prototype of a New Class of Crisis-Linked Endogenous Consciousness Modulators (cECMs)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – November 23, 2025
Summary
DMT emerges as a unique biological class of consciousness modulators, meeting all six criteria for crisis-linked endogenous consciousness modulators (cECMs). In contrast, 5-MeO-DMT meets five criteria, while classic psychedelics like psilocin and LSD fail most. This classification is backed by evidence of DMT's biosynthesis in mammalian brains and its rapid pharmacological effects. With four testable predictions outlined, the cECM model offers a precise alternative to existing psychedelic frameworks, potentially reshaping our understanding of consciousness and its neurobiological underpinnings.
Abstract
DescriptionThis preprint proposes a new biological classification for N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT): crisis-linked endogenous consciousness modulato...
Clinical conceptualisation of PTSD in psilocybin treatment: disrupting a pre-determined and over-determined maladaptive interpretive framework
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – June 08, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, offers a compelling new direction in clinical psychology for treating severe anxiety and other stressor-related disorders like PTSD. This review synthesizes literature on how this naturally derived chemical synthesis and alkaloid may disrupt rigid cognition patterns. Administered under a psychotherapist's guidance, psilocybin's unique properties are explored within psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, proposing a framework for its therapeutic potential. This aligns with Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, highlighting its role in transforming maladaptive psychological frameworks.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated trauma and stressor-related disorders are common and debilitating, presenting significant trea...
Embracing change: impermanence acceptance mediates differences in death processing between long-term ayahuasca users and non-users.
Psychopharmacology – April 23, 2025
Summary
Regular ayahuasca users show remarkably lower death anxiety and greater acceptance of mortality compared to non-users. This difference stems primarily from their enhanced ability to accept impermanence in life. The study found that those who experienced ego dissolution during ayahuasca ceremonies developed a more peaceful relationship with death, showing less avoidant behavior and fear while embracing life's temporary nature.
Abstract
The human psyche's interaction with death fundamentally shapes cognition, emotions, and behavior in both individuals and society. Death-related psy...
Molecular design of a therapeutic LSD analogue with reduced hallucinogenic potential
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – April 14, 2025
Summary
Neuroscience offers hope for disorders. Psychedelics like Lysergic acid diethylamide and Psilocybin promote brain cell growth in the cortex, but their hallucinogen effects risk Psychosis/Schizophrenia. Through chemical synthesis, a new alkaloid (+)-JRT emerged. This Pharmacology and Medicine advance promotes brain cell connections, improving Depression and cognition without worsening psychosis. This Drug Studies development, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior, promises safer Addiction treatment, using Psychology without Amphetamine risks, impacting areas beyond the Visual cortex.
Abstract
Decreased dendritic spine density in the cortex is a key pathological feature of neuropsychiatric diseases including depression, addiction, and sch...
Lasting effect of psilocybin on sociability can be blocked by DNA methyltransferase inhibition
OpenAlex – March 11, 2025
Summary
A single dose of Psilocybin durably enhanced social behavior in a mouse model of autism, a compelling finding for Psychology and Neuroscience. This lasting effect, explored within Psychedelics and Drug Studies, was blocked by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase I. This suggests an epigenetic mechanism involving DNA and Methyltransferase activity. The Chemistry and Pharmacology behind this Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior highlight the therapeutic potential of such chemical synthesis and alkaloids, opening new avenues for understanding brain function.
Abstract
Abstract The recent renaissance in research on psychedelics such as psilocybin has highlighted their therapeutic potential including their lasting ...
Oregon’s Emerging Psilocybin Services Workforce: A Survey of the First Legal Psilocybin Facilitators and Their Training Programs
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 29, 2025
Summary
Oregon's emerging psilocybin facilitator workforce faces significant financial hurdles. A survey of 106 individuals revealed most found the average $9,359 training tuition a moderate-to-severe financial strain, even with half of programs offering diversity scholarships. Many facilitators have prior healthcare licenses, pursuing this new field within Psychedelics and Drug Studies. They plan average session prices of $1,388, specializing in trauma and mental disorders, underscoring the growing role of hallucinogen-assisted therapy in Psychology and Psychiatry.
Abstract
New legal frameworks for supervised psychedelic services are emerging, with Oregon and Colorado implementing programs to train and license psilocyb...
Effects of Psilocybin on Mouse Brain Microstructure.
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology – June 03, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, creates measurable changes in brain structure that last for days after treatment. Scientists tracked these changes in mice using advanced brain imaging, revealing increased connectivity in areas controlling complex thinking and altered tissue structure in regions involved in memory and visual processing. These physical brain changes may explain psilocybin's promising effects on depression.
Abstract
There is surging interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelic compounds like psilocybin in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses like majo...
Acute dose-dependent effects and self-guided titration of continuous N,N-dimethyltryptamine infusions in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy participants
Neuropsychopharmacology – December 19, 2024
Summary
Continuous intravenous infusions of the psychedelic DMT offer more controlled effects than bolus dosing. A randomized controlled trial with a crossover design involving 22 healthy participants revealed dose-proportional pharmacokinetics. While 1.8 mg/min achieved a ceiling for "good drug effect," higher dosing at 2.4 mg/min led to greater anxious ego dissolution and significant anxiety compared to placebo. Participants in a self-administration session opted for effects similar to 1.8 mg/min, demonstrating how this medicine's adverse effects and subjective experiences can be rapidly adjusted. This pharmacology insight aids future drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract N,N -dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a serotonergic psychedelic that is known for its short-lasting effects when administered intravenously. S...
Advanced Delivery Systems and Novel Psilocin Derivatives for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications.
ACS medicinal chemistry letters – December 12, 2024
Summary
Scientists have discovered innovative ways to enhance the therapeutic benefits of psilocin, the active compound in "magic mushrooms." New delivery methods and modified versions of the molecule show improved stability and effectiveness in the body. These advances could revolutionize treatments for depression and chronic pain, making them more reliable and longer-lasting.
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds, particularly psilocybin and psilocin, have shown significant therapeutic potential in treating neurological and psychiatric ...
The safety of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy: A systematic review
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry – December 13, 2024
Summary
No deaths were attributed to psilocybin, a hallucinogen showing promise in medicine. A systematic review of 24 clinical trials in clinical psychology and psychiatry found that while adverse effects like headaches, nausea, and anxiety were common during psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, serious issues were rare. Suicidal ideation was infrequently observed, primarily in individuals with a history. This comprehensive look at Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights the general safety of this alkaloid, though standardizing adverse effect reporting for psychotherapists is crucial for future clinical trials.
Abstract
Introduction: Psilocybin, a classical psychedelic, has been rescheduled for use in psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depres...
Psilocybin for clinical indications: A scoping review
Journal of Psychopharmacology – August 13, 2024
Summary
Interest in psilocybin, an alkaloid hallucinogen, for Medicine is surging. A systematic review spanning MEDLINE found 193 published and 80 ongoing studies. While Psychiatry dominates, with Depression (28%) and Anxiety (3%) as key focuses, most studies involve small groups, a median of 22 participants. Only 12% were rigorous randomized controlled trials, underscoring the need for robust clinical psychology investigations. This field, encompassing Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, requires larger, higher-quality research.
Abstract
Background: Psychedelic drugs have been of interest in medicine since the early 1950s. There has recently been a resurgence of interest in psychede...
Increased reactivity of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and decreased threat responding in male rats following psilocin administration.
Nature communications – June 22, 2024
Summary
Psilocin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, alters how the brain processes threats through its effects on a key stress-response region. Research shows it increases activity in the brain's threat-processing hub in male rats, particularly those naturally more reactive to threats. However, these changes are temporary and don't affect long-term stress responses, suggesting a potential role in treating anxiety-related conditions.
Abstract
Psychedelics have experienced renewed interest following positive clinical effects, however the neurobiological mechanisms underlying effects remai...
A scoping review of the effects of mushroom and fungus extracts in rodent models of depression and tests of antidepressant activity
Frontiers in Pharmacology – June 03, 2024
Summary
Beyond psilocybin, a psychedelic medicine for major depressive disorder in psychiatry, many mushroom and fungus extracts show antidepressant potential. A comprehensive meta-analysis of 50 preclinical studies, guided by the Cochrane Library and a PRISMA checklist, explored this biology and pharmacology. Identifying 19 mushroom and 7 other fungal species, nearly all demonstrated antidepressant-like effects in animal models of depression, including the tail suspension test and other behavioural despair tests. This highlights natural compounds for mood regulation, bridging traditional medicine and modern drug studies, beyond chemical synthesis and alkaloids.
Abstract
One of the most important developments in psychopharmacology in the past decade has been the emergence of novel treatments for mood disorders, such...
Is microdosing a placebo? A rapid review of low-dose LSD and psilocybin research
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 14, 2024
Summary
Microdosing psilocybin and other psychedelics appears to induce real changes in neurobiology, physiology, and cognition. This challenges claims these are merely placebo effects, driven by expectancy theory. A review of 19 placebo-controlled studies, despite often having small sample sizes, suggests genuine pharmacological influence. While not definitively ruling out a placebo, these drug studies in medicine and clinical psychology indicate hallucinogens, derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, warrant further exploration in complementary and alternative medicine.
Abstract
Some recent research and commentary have suggested that most or all the effects reported by people who microdose psychedelics may be explained by e...
Pharmacological and behavioural effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin‐containing mushrooms
British Journal of Pharmacology – June 02, 2024
Summary
Norbaeocystin, a naturally occurring tryptamine, shows promising antidepressant-like effects without causing hallucinations, unlike psilocybin. Pharmacology studies revealed norbaeocystin improved outcomes in a rodent psychology test for depression, similar to psilocybin. While psilocybin induced head twitch responses, a marker of hallucinogenic potential, norbaeocystin did not. Both compounds were metabolized similarly and showed minimal impact on kidney and liver health. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggest norbaeocystin, a tryptamine alkaloid, could offer a non-hallucinogenic alternative in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, expanding therapeutic options.
Abstract
Background and Purpose Demand for new antidepressants has resulted in a re‐evaluation of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs. Several tr...
Palliative care patients’ attitudes and openness towards psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for existential distress
Frontiers in Psychiatry – April 18, 2024
Summary
Over half (51.6%) of 31 patients with incurable illnesses expressed interest in future psilocybin treatment, offering hope in palliative care. This hallucinogen, administered with a psychotherapist, may address existentialism and distress often associated with grief. While many show openness to experience this approach in medicine and psychology, concerns about exploitation and lack of trained providers persist. This area within Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights diverse academic research themes, bridging clinical psychology and psychiatry with spiritual practices.
Abstract
Introduction Patients with incurable illnesses often experience existential distress, profoundly impacting their well-being. Current medical approa...
Modulation of long-term potentiation following microdoses of LSD captured by thalamo-cortical modelling in a randomised, controlled trial.
BMC neuroscience – February 05, 2024
Summary
Tiny doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may subtly rewire brain connections, revealed through advanced brain imaging. This groundbreaking research tracked neuroplasticity changes in 80 healthy men using dynamic causal modelling, showing how microdoses affect neural pathways and long-term potentiation in visual processing areas, particularly in specific brain layers.
Abstract
Microdosing psychedelics is a phenomenon with claimed cognitive benefits that are relatively untested clinically. Pre-clinically, psychedelics have...
In vivo validation of psilacetin as a prodrug yielding modestly lower peripheral psilocin exposure than psilocybin
Frontiers in Psychiatry – January 08, 2024
Summary
The long-assumed chemistry of psilacetin, an unscheduled hallucinogen, is now confirmed: it acts as a prodrug for psilocin in vivo. This active metabolite, central to psilocybin's therapeutic pharmacology, was measured in C57Bl6/J mice. Psilacetin yielded approximately 70% of the psilocin exposure compared to psilocybin, which produced 10-25% higher concentrations at 15 minutes. These psychedelics and drug studies offer valuable insight, suggesting psilacetin is a viable alternative for exploring neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Introduction The use of the psychedelic compound psilocybin in conjunction with psychotherapy has shown promising results in the treatment of psych...
Criticality supports cross-frequency cortical-thalamic information transfer during conscious states.
eLife – January 05, 2024
Summary
Brain communication patterns between the cortex and thalamus reveal fascinating insights into consciousness. During wakeful states, these regions "talk" using specific wave patterns, where slow waves from one region are translated into fast waves by the other. This communication weakens during anesthesia or epileptic events, but intensifies under psychedelic influence, suggesting a key role in conscious experience.
Abstract
Consciousness is thought to be regulated by bidirectional information transfer between the cortex and thalamus, but the nature of this bidirectiona...
Established sensitization of ethanol-induced locomotor activity is not reversed by psilocybin or the 5-HT2A receptor agonist TCB-2 in male DBA/2J mice.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – February 01, 2024
Summary
While psilocybin shows promise for treating alcohol disorders, new research reveals it doesn't reverse established behavioral patterns in mice repeatedly exposed to ethanol. Scientists tested whether psilocybin or TCB-2 could reduce heightened locomotor activity in mice sensitized to alcohol. Despite both compounds affecting movement independently, neither reversed the mice's learned response to ethanol.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs, which share in common 5-HT2A receptor agonist activity, have shown promise in treating alcohol-use disorders (AUDs). Repeated ex...
5-MeO-DMT for post-traumatic stress disorder: a real-world longitudinal case study
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 23, 2023
Summary
A single dose of 5-MeO-DMT, a natural compound and alkaloid, dramatically improved chronic PTSD and reduced suicide risk in a 23-year-old female. This initial finding in clinical psychology suggests exciting potential for psychedelics in psychiatry and medicine. The 10-15 mg dose showed next-day effects sustained for 12 months. While promising for psychopathology, an adverse effect included acute nausea and night terrors. This Natural Compound Pharmacology Study highlights the need for careful consideration in drug studies involving chemical synthesis and alkaloids.
Abstract
Psychedelic therapy is, arguably, the next frontier in psychiatry. It offers a radical alternative to longstanding, mainstays of treatment, while e...
Naturalistic psilocybin use is associated with persisting improvements in mental health and wellbeing: results from a prospective, longitudinal survey
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 19, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogenic alkaloid, shows promise for mental health. A large prospective survey of 2,833 individuals using psilocybin naturally reported lasting reductions in anxiety, depression, and alcohol misuse, alongside increased wellbeing. These benefits, relevant to psychology and psychiatry, persisted for months. While most experienced positive shifts, 11% reported negative effects weeks later. This supports psilocybin's potential in clinical psychology and medicine, advancing psychedelics and drug studies and complementary and alternative medicine.
Abstract
Introduction The classic psychedelic psilocybin, found in some mushroom species, has received renewed interest in clinical research, showing potent...
Psilocybin desynchronizes brain networks
OpenAlex – August 24, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen and alkaloid, acutely generated over 3-fold greater brain network changes than methylphenidate in healthy adults (17 MRI visits each). This Neuroscience and Psychology research shows psilocybin desynchronizes activity, particularly in the default mode network and hippocampal formation, impacting cognition. Relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, its neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior reduced hippocampus-cortex connectivity for weeks. These persistent effects, stemming from psilocybin's unique chemical synthesis, normalized after six months, suggesting a neurobiological basis for its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
1 Summary The relationship between the acute effects of psychedelics and their persisting neurobiological and psychological effects is poorly under...
Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and crime arrests
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 24, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin use is associated with lowered crime arrest odds, but this varies significantly by race and ethnic group. A demography analysis of 734,061 adults revealed psilocybin generally reduced arrest odds for property crime, assault, and serious violence. Crucially, this effect was not observed for Black and Hispanic participants. This finding underscores the importance of understanding the psychology of psilocybin's impact across diverse racial groups, informing mental health and suicide prevention strategies within psychiatry and clinical psychology. Such insights are vital for responsible medicine and psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin use has been linked to lowered odds of crime-related outcomes across a host of observational studies. No studies have inves...
Psilocybin induces acute and persisting alterations in immune status in healthy volunteers: An experimental, placebo-controlled study
Brain Behavior and Immunity – September 07, 2023
Summary
The hallucinogen Psilocybin significantly impacts the immune system, a finding with implications for internal medicine. In a placebo-controlled study of 60 healthy participants (30 receiving Psilocybin), it immediately lowered the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor necrosis factor alpha. Seven days later, Interleukin 6 was persistently reduced, correlating with improved mood. This suggests a novel mechanism for psychedelics in psychology, influencing cytokine levels, potentially via neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, advancing drug studies in medicine.
Abstract
Patients characterized by stress-related disorders such as depression display elevated circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and...
Therapeutic Effects of Ceremonial Ayahuasca Use for Methamphetamine Use Disorders and Other Mental Health Challenges: Case Studies in an Indigenous Community in Sonora, Mexico.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2023
Summary
Indigenous healers in Mexico are pioneering a groundbreaking approach to addiction treatment, combining traditional ceremonies with modern therapy. Three case studies show remarkable success using ayahuasca and other natural medicines to treat methamphetamine addiction and depression in the Yaqui community. This intercultural medicine program blends ancestral wisdom with contemporary mental health practices, featuring sweatlodge ceremonies, group therapy, and community activities. All participants showed significant improvement in their recovery journey.
Abstract
This paper describes three case studies from an outpatient intercultural therapeutic program founded and run by Yaqui health professionals and trad...
“But the reality is it's happening”: A qualitative study of eating disorder providers about psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy
International Journal of Eating Disorders – August 08, 2023
Summary
Healthcare providers in Medicine and Clinical psychology show strong interest in psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, as a psychological intervention for eating disorders. Among 32 psychotherapists and medical professionals, hope for this emerging treatment was significant despite concerns about patient malnutrition and equitable access for publicly insured patients. Professionals in Psychiatry and Psychology recognize the potential of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, requesting more education on psilocybin therapy and its role in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
Abstract Objective This study invited providers who care for patients with eating disorders to inform engagement, communication, and collaboration ...
Evaluation of behavioural and neurochemical effects of psilocybin in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress
Translational Psychiatry – June 14, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reversed depressive and anxiolytic-like behaviors caused by chronic stress in an animal model. Two 1 mg/kg doses revealed neurochemical changes, boosting serotonin-2A-receptors—key for neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior—and increasing glucocorticoid-receptor expression. This Neuroscience and Psychology research, relevant for Medicine and Psychiatry, suggests psilocybin's potential. A psychotherapist might consider these insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, understanding how this tryptophan-derived compound modulates brain disorders.
Abstract
Abstract Depression and anxiety are disabling and high incidence mental disorders characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity. Currently available tr...
Addressing the Current Knowledge and Gaps in Research SurroundingLysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), Psilocybin, and Psilocin in RodentModels
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry – July 06, 2023
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, powerful hallucinogen drugs, show immense promise for treating anxiety and various psychiatric conditions. Extensive pre-clinical pharmacology in rodent models is clarifying how these psychedelics influence behavior, critical for future medicine. These drug studies investigate optimal dosing and the chemical nature of these compounds. Understanding their mechanisms, potentially involving neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, is vital for their clinical implementation in psychiatry. Gaps remain regarding sex differences and chronic dosing, which are crucial for advancing our psychology-focused treatments.
Abstract
Abstract: Lysergic acid Diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and psilocin are being intensively evaluated as potential therapeutics to treat depression,...
Prevalence and therapeutic impact of adverse life event reexperiencing under ceremonial ayahuasca.
Scientific reports – June 09, 2023
Summary
Ceremonial ayahuasca shows promise in helping people process difficult life experiences, particularly for trauma survivors. In a groundbreaking study of 339 participants at healing centers, many reported revisiting challenging memories during ceremonies. Veterans reconnected with combat experiences, while others processed personal traumas. Notably, those who faced these memories showed significant improvements in emotional stability and mental well-being after three months.
Abstract
The present study examined the safety and efficacy of the ceremonial use of ayahuasca in relation to reports of heightened life event reexperiencin...
Dose-response relationships of LSD-induced subjective experiences in humans.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – October 01, 2023
Summary
A groundbreaking analysis reveals how different doses of LSD affect human consciousness. Higher doses (up to 100 micrograms) intensify perceptual changes and positive feelings of ego dissolution, while anxiety remains minimal. Beyond 100 micrograms, effects plateau. Individual responses vary significantly, suggesting personal factors strongly influence the experience.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent classic serotonergic psychedelic, which facilitates a variety of altered states of consciousness. Here...
The molecular basis of the antidepressant action of the magic mushroom extract, psilocin.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteomics – July 01, 2023
Summary
Groundbreaking research reveals how magic mushrooms' active compound, psilocin, fights depression at the molecular level. The compound binds more strongly than serotonin to brain receptors (5-HT2AR), thanks to its unique chemical structure. Using advanced MD simulations, scientists discovered it's the molecule's tertiary amine group that creates this enhanced binding effect, pointing to new possibilities for antidepressant drug design.
Abstract
Magic mushrooms, and their extract psilocybin, are well-known for their psychedelic properties and recreational use. Psilocin, the bio-active form ...
Spatial Correspondence of LSD-Induced Variations on Brain Functioning at Rest With Serotonin Receptor Expression.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging – July 01, 2023
Summary
LSD's profound effects on consciousness are linked to specific serotonin receptors in the brain. Using fMRI scanning, researchers found that LSD triggers distinct changes in brain activity that perfectly match where different serotonin receptor types (5-HT2A and 5-HT1A) are located. Areas rich in 5-HT2A showed increased activity, explaining visual hallucinations, while regions with 5-HT1A displayed reduced activity.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is an atypical psychedelic compound that exerts its effects through pleiotropic actions, mainly involving 1A/2A se...
Psilocybin-assisted therapy improves psycho-social-spiritual well-being in cancer patients.
Journal of affective disorders – February 15, 2023
Summary
Cancer patients experiencing depression found remarkable healing through psilocybin therapy, with improvements in their psycho-spiritual well-being lasting at least 8 weeks. The treatment combined group sessions with a single 25mg dose, showing significant positive changes in connection, trust, and self-reflection. NIH-HEALS scores revealed up to 22% improvement in key measures of emotional and spiritual wellness.
Abstract
While psychedelics have been shown to improve psycho-spiritual well-being, the underlying elements of this change are not well-characterized. The N...
MDMA-Assisted Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Regulatory Challenges and a Path Forward.
CNS drugs – April 01, 2025
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy shows remarkable promise in treating PTSD, with nearly 70% of participants experiencing such significant improvement that they no longer met diagnostic criteria. This breakthrough approach combines psychotherapy with carefully administered MDMA doses, creating a therapeutic window where patients can process trauma more effectively. Despite positive clinical results, regulatory hurdles remain due to concerns about trial design and safety protocols.
Abstract
Trauma is prevalent, with lifetime estimates of traumatic exposure ranging from 70% for a single event to 31% for multiple events. While many recov...
The phenomenology of psilocybin’s experience mediates subsequent persistent psychological effects independently of sex, previous experience or setting
OpenAlex – August 26, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, safely induces lasting positive psychological effects. A placebo-controlled study of 40 healthy adults showed mostly pleasant altered states of consciousness, via visual analogue scale, with only one unpleasant instance. All experiences resolved positively, supporting its safety for repeated use in clinical psychology and psychiatry. This underscores Psychedelics and Drug Studies, revealing how chemical synthesis and alkaloids influence neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. Such psychology insights inform diverse fields, from developmental psychology to audiology.
Abstract
Abstract Background Recent studies have intensively explored the potential antidepressant effects of psilocybin. However, important variables such ...
The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT)
Journal of Neurochemistry – February 12, 2022
Summary
Single exposure to the naturally occurring tryptamine 5-MeO-DMT shows promise for rapid, sustained reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms. This potent psychedelic acts as an agonist on specific neurotransmitter receptors, influencing behavior and inducing short-lasting "peak" experiences, a key predictor in psychology. One clinical trial confirmed safety for vaporized doses up to 18 mg. Its rapid pharmacology and short duration make it appealing for medicine, attracting biotech interest for commercial development in brain disorders. Understanding its neurophysiological mechanisms is crucial.
Abstract
Abstract 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT) is a naturally occurring tryptamine that primarily acts as an agonist at the 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT2...
Alterations to self consciousness during mindfulness meditation and Flotation REST a comparative study
OpenAlex – June 30, 2023
Summary
Mystical experiences, often associated with psychedelics, can also arise from mindfulness meditation and flotation therapy. These psychological interventions consistently showed ego-dissolution scores exceeding ego-inflation. Mystical Experience Questionnaire scores fell between those induced by low and high dose psilocybin, highlighting profound altered states of consciousness. An individual's openness to experience predicted these shifts, suggesting a key personality trait in accessing such mental health benefits. This offers valuable insight for clinical psychology and drug studies, exploring consciousness beyond neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
Flotation-Reduced Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST) and mindfulness meditation (MM) are known to induce altered states of consciousness (ASC...
Underground small-group therapy of treatment-resistant depression and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) with psilocybin—A retrospective case study
OpenAlex – March 10, 2023
Summary
A woman with 30 years of treatment-resistant depression found lasting relief through psilocybin. After prior medications caused adverse effects and discontinuation, she engaged in six psilocybin sessions over 1.5 years. This approach in clinical psychology helped interrupt dissociative trauma responses. A 2.5-year follow-up confirmed remission, suggesting a multi-dose strategy with psychedelics can offer profound psychological healing. This case highlights how psilocybin, an alkaloid influencing neurotransmitter receptors, may resolve severe depression where traditional psychiatry failed, particularly for those experiencing early life trauma and feelings of abandonment.
Abstract
While a relatively large body of research exists on many aspects of psychedelic therapy, articles describing a complete, successful treatment proce...
A placebo-controlled study of the effects of ayahuasca, set and setting on mental health of participants in ayahuasca group retreats
Psychopharmacology – March 10, 2021
Summary
Strikingly, participants experiencing Ayahuasca ceremonies reported improved mental health, including reduced anxiety and depression, even when receiving a Placebo. This naturalistic observational study of 30 individuals (14 Ayahuasca, 16 Placebo) highlights the powerful psychological impact of set and setting in clinical psychology and psychiatry. However, the hallucinogen Ayahuasca uniquely increased emotional empathy to negative stimuli, pointing to specific pharmacological effects. This underscores the need for careful drug studies in psychedelic medicine, exploring natural compounds' impact on mental health.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a plant concoction containing N,N -dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and certain β-carboline alkaloids from South America. Previous re...
Rostral Anterior Cingulate Thickness Predicts the Emotional Psilocybin Experience
Biomedicines – February 18, 2020
Summary
The anterior cingulate cortex's thickness strongly predicts emotional responses to the hallucinogen psilocybin. Among 55 healthy adults receiving oral psilocybin (0.160 or 0.215 mg/kg), greater rostral anterior cingulate thickness predicted all four emotional sub-scales of altered consciousness. This neuroscience insight, crucial for psychology and serotonergic drug studies, reveals how individual brain structure in the cingulate cortex influences cognition and subjective experiences with psychedelics. It underscores the importance of 5-HT receptor activity, linked to serotonin, beyond the posterior cingulate.
Abstract
Psilocybin is the psychoactive compound of mushrooms in the psilocybe species. Psilocybin directly affects a number of serotonin receptors, with hi...
Soma, food of the immortals according to the Bower Manuscript (Kashmir, 6th century A.D.).
Journal of ethnopharmacology – August 08, 2014
Summary
Ancient texts from India describe Soma, the mythical ambrosia of immortals. A recent analysis of 6th-century Ayurvedic recipes from the Bower Manuscript, a historic ethnopharmacology text, explores Soma's true identity. Researchers hypothesized these traditional medicine recipes, though not explicitly exhilarating, contained psychoactive components. By examining the ~100 herbal ingredients, they identified species rich in compounds like tryptamines and ephedrine. This suggests Soma was a blend, possibly Tinospora cordifolia with Desmodium gangeticum for psychedelic experiences, or with Sida spp. for euphoric effects.
Abstract
Food is medicine and vice versa. In Hindu and Ayurvedic medicine, and among human cultures of the Indian subcontinent in general, the perception of...
Stimulant and hallucinogenic novel psychoactive substances; an update
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology – November 02, 2023
Summary
**Psychedelics and Drug Studies** suggest compounds like **MDMA** hold promise as **medicine**. For instance, robust trials could demonstrate that 70% of participants experience significant therapeutic benefits, far exceeding current treatments. Understanding the **pharmacology** of these **hallucinogen**-class substances, often from **traditional medicine**, is vital. Future work must establish rigorous designs to assess their benefits and limited dependence liability. Meanwhile, **Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis** must track novel **stimulant** and other psychoactive risks, informing clinicians about their **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior** to ensure patient safety.
Abstract
Clinicians should be regularly informed about the range of NPS and their medical, psychobiological and psychopathological risks both in the acute a...
Modulatory effects of ayahuasca on personality structure in a traditional framework
Psychopharmacology – July 23, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduced neuroticism in 24 participants, with effects lasting six months. This finding in clinical psychology supports the growing field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggesting its unique chemical synthesis and alkaloids influence behavior via neurotransmitter receptors. Participants also showed increased agreeableness and, at six months, greater openness to experience, a key personality trait. These positive shifts in personality, similar to those seen with psilocybin, indicate Ayahuasca's potential therapeutic role in psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Abstract Ayahuasca is a psychoactive plant brew containing dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). It originate...
Psilocybin Enhances Cued Fear Extinction and Extinction Recall in Stress-Naïve, Acutely Stressed, and Chronically Stressed Mice
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – September 11, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal psilocybin, a compound derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, powerfully enhances fear extinction and recall. In male mice, psilocybin improved the ability to overcome fear memories across all groups, including stress-naïve animals and those with prior acute or chronic stress. This Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior demonstrates psilocybin's therapeutic promise isn't hindered by past environmental stressors. Interestingly, while stress-naïve mice displayed transient corticosterone increases, stressed mice did not.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics have shown promise in clinical trials for treating an array of mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, an...