236 results for "Neural Correlates"
Psilocybin-induced changes in brain network integrity and segregation correlate with plasma psilocin level and psychedelic experience
OpenAlex – February 05, 2021
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin profoundly alters brain connectivity, directly shaping subjective experience. In fifteen healthy individuals, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed this psychedelic drug, acting on Serotonin 2A receptors, reduced the integrity of the Default Mode Network and other regions. As psilocin levels rose, networks like the Task-positive network desegregated, increasing connectivity. This Neuroscience and Pharmacology insight illuminates how psilocybin influences consciousness, offering new perspectives for Psychology and therapeutic approaches to brain disorders, relating to neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract The emerging novel therapeutic psilocybin produces psychedelic effects via engagement of cerebral serotonergic targets by psilocin (active...
Altered brain activity and functional connectivity after MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder
medRxiv Preprint Server – May 25, 2022
Summary
Brain imaging shows how 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) may reshape neural pathways in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Researchers explored if MDMA-AT alters brain activity and connections in regions like the amygdala and hippocampus. Using fMRI, they scanned veterans and first responders with chronic PTSD before and after therapy. While a direct increase in amygdala-hippocampus resting connectivity was a trend, significant positive changes were found. Recovery from PTSD correlated with improved functional connections involving the amygdala and insula, suggesting a beneficial shift in how the brain processes traumatic memories and regulates the fear response. This highlights MDMA-AT's positive impact on key brain areas for PTSD.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated promise in multiple clinica...
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ESCITALOPRAM AND PSILOCYBIN THERAPY AND BRAIN RESTING-STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – February 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, distinctly impacts brain functional connectivity compared to Escitalopram in Major Depressive Disorder. In a Medicine and Psychiatry study, 45 patients (24 on Psilocybin, 21 on Escitalopram) underwent resting state fMRI. Both treatments reduced anhedonia and impulsivity. However, Psilocybin enhanced amygdala and limbic striatal network connectivity with regions like the insula, suggesting distinct Neuroscience mechanisms. Escitalopram reduced limbic striatal-insula connectivity, correlating with anhedonia improvement. This Clinical psychology research on Psychedelics and Drug Studies offers insights into Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior for Mental Health Research Topics.
Abstract
Abstract Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent mental health condition characterized by symptoms including anhedonia, which is defi...
The entropic heart: Tracking the psychedelic state via heart rate dynamics
OpenAlex – November 09, 2023
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that heart rate entropy, a measure of physiological "arrow of time," significantly increases during experiences with hallucinogens like psilocybin. Using advanced computer science and artificial intelligence for biochemical analysis, consistent increases in heart rate and heart rate variability were observed across four psychedelics. Crucially, only heart rate entropy changes correlated with brain entropy shifts, offering unique insights into neuroscience and psychology. This cost-efficient approach in psychedelics and drug studies helps illuminate how these substances, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, impact behavior and subjective states.
Abstract
A growing body of work shows that autonomic signals provide a privileged evidence-stream to capture various aspects of subjective and neural states...
The high frequency oscillation in orbitofrontal cortex is susceptible to phenethylamine psychedelic 25C-NBOMe in male rats.
Neuropharmacology – April 01, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics like 25C-NBOMe profoundly alter brain activity. A 0.1 mg/kg dose of 25C-NBOMe in rats boosted High frequency oscillation (120-150 Hz) specifically in the orbitofrontal Prefrontal cortex, peaking in 20-30 minutes. This increased activity strengthened Oscillatory coherence *within* prefrontal regions. These findings illuminate how psychedelics reorganize brain rhythms, potentially explaining their mind-altering effects and offering a biological marker for their impact.
Abstract
Serotoninergic psychedelics induced extensive alterations in perception and cognition, which has been attributable to its disruptive effect on osci...
Deep CANALs: a deep learning approach to refining the canalization theory of psychopathology
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic therapy helps treat various psychopathologies. Cognitive psychology and science posit psychedelics relax rigid, maladaptive beliefs. Refining this via artificial intelligence, a new model identifies two distinct ways beliefs are represented, revealing four specific pathologies from either excessive or insufficient rigidity in these constructs. This expanded epistemology guides psychotherapists toward tailored psychedelic interventions. Understanding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and the biochemical landscape promises a greater variety of therapeutic approaches, moving beyond simplistic representations.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic therapy has seen a resurgence of interest in the last decade, with promising clinical outcomes for the treatment of a variety ...
Disentangling the acute subjective effects of classic psychedelics from their enduring therapeutic properties.
Psychopharmacology – May 14, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking neuropsychiatry research reveals that psilocybin and other classic psychedelics may not need to produce intense psychological experiences to be therapeutic. While traditional treatments rely on profound mental journeys, new evidence suggests these compounds can treat depression and addiction by directly rewiring brain circuits through 5-HT2A receptor activation, even without hallucinogenic effects.
Abstract
Recent research with classic psychedelics suggests significant therapeutic potential, particularly for neuropsychiatric disorders. A mediating infl...
Disruption of Prefrontal Cortex Large Scale Neuronal Activity by Different Classes of Psychotomimetic Drugs
Journal of Neuroscience – February 29, 2012
Summary
Psychotomimetic drugs, crucial for understanding schizophrenia, reveal complex neural dynamics and brain function. Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research shows NMDA receptor antagonists increased prefrontal cortex population activity, while serotonergic hallucinogens dose-dependently decreased it. Amphetamine had less effect. Despite varied Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling, all drugs similarly disrupted gamma oscillations, essential for cognition. This provides vital context, like archaeology, for understanding the brain's "object-oriented programming" in schizophrenia, advancing Psychology.
Abstract
In the absence of overt cellular pathology but profound perceptual disorganization and cognitive deficits, schizophrenia is increasingly considered...
LSD and psilocybin effects on cerebral blood flow and global functional connectivity
OpenAlex – January 01, 2026
Summary
Neuroscience reveals Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters the human brain. In 25 healthy participants, investigations map changes in cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity across the cerebral cortex. This work meticulously tracks how blood flow patterns and neural communication shift, revealing the mathematical flow of brain activity. Understanding these responses is vital for medicine, offering insights into altered states and potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
This figure presents original population-level cerebral blood flow and global functional connectivity responses to LSD and psilocybin in healthy hu...
Therapeutic mechanisms of psilocybin: Changes in amygdala and prefrontal functional connectivity during emotional processing after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 16, 2020
Summary
A single 25 mg dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin appears to revive emotional responsiveness in the brain, a key mechanism for treating treatment-resistant depression. In 19 patients, this psychedelic therapy led to decreased functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex during face processing. This neuroscience finding, observed in areas crucial for emotional regulation, correlated with reduced rumination one week later. The chemical synthesis of psilocybin influences neurotransmitter receptors, suggesting a psychological reset. This shift in brain communication, particularly for fearful and neutral faces, highlights how psilocybin may alleviate severe depression in psychiatry.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin has shown promise as a treatment for depression but its therapeutic mechanisms are not properly understood. In contrast to t...
P300‐mediated modulations in self–other processing under psychedelic psilocybin are related to connectedness and changed meaning: A window into the self–other overlap
Human Brain Mapping – August 21, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin profoundly alters how we perceive ourselves, blurring the distinction between self and other. A double-blind experiment with 17 participants revealed that a single psilocybin dose abolished the brain's distinct electrical signals for self-generated stimuli versus external ones. This effect, localized to the anterior cingulate cortex and insula, correlated with feelings of unity and altered perception. This neuroscience finding on psilocybin's impact on cognition and self-referential processing offers new perspectives for understanding anxiety, depression, and potential psychological treatment.
Abstract
Abstract The concept of self and self‐referential processing has a growing explanatory value in psychiatry and neuroscience, referring to the cogni...
Neural Pattern of Chanting-Driven Intuitive Inquiry Meditation in Expert Chan Practitioners.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) – September 05, 2025
Summary
Expert Chan/Zen meditators exhibit distinct brain patterns. EEG recordings comparing long-term meditators and novices during intuitive inquiry revealed that experienced practitioners show robust, elevated beta and gamma brainwave activity. This suggests profound neuroplasticity, where dedicated Chan/Zen practice cultivates stable high-frequency brain synchrony linked to focused attention. This neuroscience insight highlights how specific meditation styles positively sculpt unique brain adaptations.
Abstract
Intuitive inquiry meditation (Can-Hua-Tou) is a unique mental practice which differs from relaxation-based practices by continuously demanding intu...
Dynamic Functional Hyperconnectivity After Psilocybin Intake Is Primarily Associated With Oceanic Boundlessness.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging – July 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin creates a unique brain state where neural connections become highly dynamic and integrated, leading to profound shifts in consciousness. Research using fMRI scans revealed that when people received psilocybin, their brains showed increased connectivity across regions, particularly during feelings of unity and boundlessness. Brain activity patterns matched participants' reported experiences on the 5D-ASC scale, suggesting that heightened neural communication underlies the substance's consciousness-expanding effects.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a widely studied psychedelic substance that leads to the psychedelic state, a specific altered state of consciousness. To date, the r...
Network control energy reductions under DMT relate to serotonin receptors, signal diversity, and subjective experience.
Communications biology – April 18, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic compound DMT reduces the energy needed for the brain to shift between different states, revealing fascinating links between brain chemistry and consciousness. Researchers tracked brain activity in 14 people during brief but intense DMT experiences. The findings showed that DMT lowered the brain's "control energy" - the effort required to change neural patterns. These energy changes matched both participants' reported intensity of experience and measured increases in brain signal complexity. Notably, the effects were strongest in brain regions rich in serotonin receptors, suggesting a direct link between the drug's chemical action and its impact on consciousness.
Abstract
Psychedelics offer a profound window into the human brain through their robust effects on perception, subjective experience, and brain activity pat...
Brain dynamics predictive of response to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.
Brain communications – January 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have discovered specific brain regions that determine whether psilocybin treatment will effectively treat depression. Using large-scale brain modelling, researchers identified key neural patterns in patients before treatment that predicted success. Those who responded well showed distinct brain activity in areas rich in serotonin receptors - the same regions where psilocybin acts. This breakthrough explains why the treatment works for some but not others.
Abstract
Psilocybin therapy for depression has started to show promise, yet the underlying causal mechanisms are not currently known. Here, we leveraged the...
The 'PSILAUT' protocol: an experimental medicine study of autistic differences in the function of brain serotonin targets of psilocybin.
BMC psychiatry – April 25, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking research explores how psilocybin affects the brains of autistic and non-autistic adults differently. Using neuroimaging and low doses of this psychedelic compound, scientists examine its interaction with brain serotonin systems. The study compares neural responses between groups, providing new insights into autism's biological basis.
Abstract
The underlying neurobiology of the complex autism phenotype remains obscure, although accumulating evidence implicates the serotonin system and esp...
Acute subanesthetic ketamine-induced effects on the mismatch negativity and their relationship to early and sustained treatment response in major depressive disorder.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – February 26, 2025
Summary
Ketamine shows promise in treating severe depression by changing how the brain processes information. In a groundbreaking study, patients with major depressive disorder received either ketamine or midazolam. Brain activity measurements revealed that ketamine reduced specific neural responses called mismatch negativity. Notably, patients who showed larger decreases in these brain patterns experienced better treatment response and longer-lasting relief from depression.
Abstract
A sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, produces robust antidepressant effects in treatment-resista...
Navigating the chaos of psychedelic fMRI brain-entropy via multi-metric evaluations of acute psilocybin effects
OpenAlex – July 03, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin's impact on brain entropy is surprisingly nuanced. A study of 121 fMRI scans from 28 participants revealed that while some mathematical metrics, like Shannon entropy, increased, sample entropy showed divergent patterns, and 8 of 13 measures had no significant change. This challenges the idea of universal brain complexity increase, instead highlighting specific neural activity patterns. These neuroscience findings, relevant to cognitive psychology, pattern recognition, underscore the complex interplay of psilocybin with neurotransmitter receptors, deepening psychedelic drug studies and informing artificial intelligence.
Abstract
A prominent theory of psychedelics is that they increase brain entropy. Twelve studies have evaluated psychedelic effects on fMRI brain entropy qua...
Neurobiological Correlates of Psilocybin Response in Depression.
The primary care companion for CNS disorders – May 23, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin appears to temporarily "reset" brain connectivity patterns in depressed patients, offering promising therapeutic benefits. Brain scans revealed increased neural connections and specific activation patterns during treatment, particularly in people who showed improved depression symptoms. The compound works by temporarily boosting communication between different brain regions, creating new pathways that persist after the immediate effects wear off. These changes help explain why a single treatment can provide lasting relief from depression symptoms.
Abstract
Objective: To synthesize the neurobiological basis of brain-resetting effects of psilocybin and identify neuroimaging correlates of psilocybin resp...
The effect of neural pre-stimulus oscillations on post-stimulus auditory ERPs in disorders of consciousness.
Frontiers in neuroscience – January 01, 2025
Summary
Brain activity patterns before a sound occurs can predict how patients with consciousness disorders will process that sound. Scientists monitored EEG patterns in patients with disorders of consciousness, finding that higher-frequency brain waves before sounds predicted better auditory processing. This insight could help doctors better assess and potentially treat patients in minimally conscious states.
Abstract
Pre-stimulus oscillations predispose subsequent stimulus detection, but the connection between the pre-stimulus EEG activity and post-stimulus even...
Knocking at the Doors of Perception: Relating LSD Effects on Low‐Frequency Fluctuations and Regional Homogeneity to Receptor Densities in fMRI
European Journal of Neuroscience – November 01, 2025
Summary
LSD significantly alters brain activity, with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) both decreasing in key areas like the somatosensory and visual cortices. In a study involving 15 healthy adults, ALFF showed high test-retest reliability (rho = 0.80), while ReHo demonstrated moderate reliability (rho = 0.46). Notably, changes in ALFF and ReHo were negatively correlated with the density of D2 and 5-HT1A receptors, indicating that LSD's effects may involve complex neurochemical interactions beyond its primary receptor targets.
Abstract
Despite a renewed scientific interest in lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), its local neural effects remain underexplored. This functional magnetic ...
Neurobehavioural Correlates of Breath Meditation in Novice Adolescents: Insights from Anapanasati-based Paradigm.
Annals of neurosciences – April 02, 2025
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Breath-awareness practices contribute to stress management and psychological well-being among adolescents. However, their neurobehavioural effects ...
Brain-MGF: Multimodal Graph Fusion Network for EEG-fMRI Brain Connectivity Analysis Under Psilocybin
arXiv (Cornell University) – November 23, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin profoundly reorganizes brain connectivity, a compelling finding in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. An Artificial intelligence framework, rooted in Computer science, employs an artificial neural network for graph fusion of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. This machine learning model, constructed to recognize patterns, achieved 74.0% accuracy distinguishing psilocybin's effects during meditation and 76.0% during rest. By adaptively encoding complex brain patterns at each brain node using a softmax mechanism, it offers interpretability into neural changes. Such insights could aid Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, even illuminating profound subjective states.
Abstract
Psychedelics, such as psilocybin, reorganise large-scale brain connectivity, yet how these changes are reflected across electrophysiological (elect...
Seeing with the eyes shut: Neural basis of enhanced imagery following ayahuasca ingestion
Human Brain Mapping – September 16, 2011
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly enhances vivid mental imagery, activating brain regions involved in vision and memory. In a study with 30 participants, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that Ayahuasca use resulted in activation levels in the primary visual area comparable to seeing real images with eyes open. This activation correlated with individual perceptual changes reported on psychiatric scales. Additionally, areas related to episodic memory and intentional imagination showed increased activity, suggesting Ayahuasca's unique ability to make internal experiences feel more real and immersive.
Abstract
Abstract The hallucinogenic brew Ayahuasca, a rich source of serotonergic agonists and reuptake inhibitors, has been used for ages by Amazonian pop...
Ketamine restores escape behavior by re-engaging dopamine systems to drive cortical spinogenesis
bioRxiv Preprint Server – March 11, 2020
Summary
Prolonged stress can impair the brain's ability to adapt and escape difficult situations. Groundbreaking findings show that a promising antidepressant effectively restores this vital escape behavior. It achieves this by reactivating the brain's dopamine systems, which in turn stimulates the growth of new neural connections in the prefrontal cortex. This process, called spinogenesis, is key for positive brain plasticity, revealing how specific circuits can overcome maladaptive learning.
Abstract
Escaping aversive stimuli is essential for complex organisms, but prolonged exposure to stress leads to maladaptive learning. Stress alters plastic...
Neurobehavioural Exploration of Breath-counting & Breath-awareness in Novice Indian Meditators: A Naturalised Ānāpānasati-based Paradigmatic Approach.
Annals of neurosciences – January 21, 2025
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Neural activity and subjective experiences indicate that breath-awareness practices, which focus on mindful observation of breath, promote tranquil...
Altered brain activity and functional connectivity after MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2022
Summary
Brain imaging reveals how MDMA-assisted therapy can help heal trauma. Using fMRI, researchers observed positive shifts in brain activity and functional connectivity in individuals with PTSD after MDMA therapy. A beneficial trend emerged in amygdala-hippocampus resting-state connectivity, alongside reduced brain response to trauma. Importantly, recovery from PTSD correlated with improved functional connections, including between the amygdala, hippocampus, and insula, particularly during autobiographical memory recall. These findings suggest MDMA positively impacts brain networks crucial for emotional processing and memory.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated promise in multiple clinica...
Acute effects of LSD on amygdala activity during processing of fearful stimuli in healthy subjects
Translational Psychiatry – April 04, 2017
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters emotional processing. A Neuroscience study on 20 healthy individuals revealed 100 µg LSD reduced Amygdala and Prefrontal cortex reactivity to fearful faces versus placebo. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigation, relevant to Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, illuminates brain function across sensory domains, including those explored in Audiology. Biochemical analysis confirmed LSD levels. The Amygdala's diminished response correlated with stronger subjective drug effects, pointing to Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induces profound changes in various mental domains, including perception, self-awareness and emotions. We...
Brain Connectivity Pattern Changes Associated With Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
OpenAlex – May 02, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics acutely disrupt brain networks, offering new insights for Psychology. Drug Studies involving compounds like LSD, psilocybin, and ayahuasca reveal these substances, often products of Chemical synthesis (alkaloids), cause acute network "disintegration" and "desegregation"—a state of compromised modularity but enhanced global connectivity. This Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, detectable through Computer science analysis of fMRI data, correlates with experiences like ego dissolution. Later, increased default mode network integrity appears. A Psychotherapist guides this process, suggesting the substance-therapy synergy drives therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) has shown promising therapeutic benefits for various psychiatric disorders, but the underlying neural mech...
Ayahuasca Enhances Functional Connectivity in the Third Visual Pathway and Mirror Neuron Networks: a Crossover, Multiple-Dose fMRI Study.
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience – January 31, 2026
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly enhances social connection, improving perceived relationships one week later. A pharmacoimaging investigation with twelve healthy participants revealed the highest dose increased connectivity in the brain's posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a key region in the third visual pathway. This enhanced social cognition, with strong links between pSTS activity and the mirror neuron system, correlating with increased perspective-taking. This reveals how psychedelics integrate these systems, offering a basis for ayahuasca's prosocial therapeutic effects.
Abstract
Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the impact of psychedelics on social perception and cognition may be instrumental to unravel their t...
Effect of canalith repositioning on resting-state brain functional connectivity in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Frontiers in neurology – January 01, 2025
Summary
The brain's functional connectivity changes significantly with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during resting-state, 50 BPPV patients initially displayed elevated functional connectivity between key brain regions compared to 50 healthy individuals. Following a canalith repositioning maneuver, patients experienced a 23.4% reduction in dizziness scores, and their whole-brain functional connectivity decreased. Specific connections also normalized, demonstrating how the canalith repositioning maneuver effectively restores brain network activity. This suggests fNIRS can objectively track BPPV's neural impact.
Abstract
To compare the characteristics of resting-state functional connectivity (FC) before and after repositioning therapy in patients with benign paroxys...
Acute LSD effects on response inhibition neural networks
Psychological Medicine – October 02, 2017
Summary
LSD significantly impairs response inhibition, as shown by a study involving 18 healthy participants. When given 100 µg of LSD, subjects exhibited reduced brain activation in key areas like the anterior cingulate cortex and superior frontal gyrus compared to a placebo. Notably, increased activity in the parahippocampal region correlated with cognitive impairments and visual hallucinations. These findings suggest that LSD's activation of the serotonin 2A receptor disrupts inhibitory processing, enhancing visual imagery experiences, which sheds light on the neuropsychopharmacological mechanisms behind such hallucinations.
Abstract
Abstract Background Recent evidence shows that the serotonin 2A receptor (5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor, 5-HT 2A R) is critically involved in the ...
Ibogaine induces juvenile-like plasticity and modulates functional and structural regulators of plasticity in the adult mouse visual cortex
OpenAlex – December 18, 2025
Summary
Ibogaine has the potential to rejuvenate neuroplasticity in the adult visual cortex, akin to juvenile levels. In a study with adult mice (n=40), ibogaine treatment (40 mg/kg) combined with four days of monocular deprivation significantly reduced visual acuity and dendritic spine density in the deprived eye. Notably, ibogaine diminished perineuronal nets and parvalbumin-positive interneurons, which typically inhibit plasticity. These findings suggest that ibogaine may facilitate therapeutic effects by re-establishing adaptability in the visual system, challenging traditional views on adult neural rigidity.
Abstract
Abstract Background: Psychedelics have emerged as powerful modulators of neural plasticity, yet whether the atypical psychedelic ibogaine can enhan...
Large-scale brain connectivity changes following the administration of lysergic acid diethylamide, d-amphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine.
Molecular psychiatry – April 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics and stimulants reshape brain networks differently, with LSD showing unique effects on the brain's "default mode" - regions active when we're lost in thought. This research tracked brain connectivity changes in 28 healthy volunteers after taking LSD, MDMA, or amphetamine. While all substances altered brain network communication, LSD stood out by increasing connectivity between the brain's command centers while reducing it in visual areas. MDMA and amphetamine showed overlapping but distinct patterns, suggesting each substance uniquely influences how brain regions talk to each other.
Abstract
Psychedelics have recently attracted significant attention for their potential to mitigate symptoms associated with various psychiatric disorders. ...
Roles of orexinergic and noradrenergic neuronal activity in ketamine-induced sedation: a study using an orexin-ataxin-3 transgenic rat model.
Journal of anesthesia – June 09, 2025
Summary
Ketamine's sedative effects are intricately linked to two key brain chemicals: orexin and noradrenaline. Research reveals that these neural messengers work together to control how deeply we're sedated by ketamine. Using specially engineered rats lacking orexin-producing brain cells, scientists found that both orexin and brain noradrenergic neurons are essential for normal sedation patterns. When either system is disrupted, ketamine's effectiveness changes significantly.
Abstract
To investigate the role of brain noradrenergic and orexinergic activity in ketamine-induced sedation. We used orexin neuron-deficient transgenic ra...
The Mind-Matter Dichotomy: A Persistent Challenge for Neuroscientific and Philosophical Theories.
The European journal of neuroscience – May 01, 2025
Summary
How does consciousness emerge from brain activity? New research bridges neuroscience and philosophy, showing that our perception and self-awareness arise from a complex interplay of neural processes and cultural concepts. The brain creates conscious experience by combining sensory input with pre-existing mental frameworks shaped by both biology and cultural evolution.
Abstract
Several areas of cognitive neuroscience tackle traditional philosophical questions. Among the range of problems, two closely related issues will be...
Structure-Activity Assessment and In-Depth Analysis of Biased Agonism in a Set of Phenylalkylamine 5-HT2A Receptor Agonists.
ACS chemical neuroscience – August 02, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic compounds work through unique molecular pathways in the brain, specifically targeting the 5-HT2A receptor. Scientists examined how different psychedelic molecules activate this receptor through two distinct cellular pathways - miniGαq and β-arrestin signaling. The research revealed that chemical properties, particularly fat-solubility, influence how strongly these compounds bind and activate neural pathways.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics are described to have activation of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A) as their main pharmacological action. Despite thei...
Antidepressant effects of esketamine are associated with functional connectivity in the hippocampal subregion: A resting state magnetic resonance study.
Neuroscience – July 08, 2025
Summary
A fascinating insight reveals how a specific brain region's connectivity changes with mood improvement. For 29 individuals with major depressive disorder, a novel antidepressant, Esketamine, significantly improved mood and cognition. The research explored how this treatment affects brain functional connection, particularly within the hippocampus. Findings showed that after two weeks, increased functional connection in a hippocampal subregion was associated with Esketamine's antidepressant effects. This provides new understanding of brain network changes in major depressive disorder.
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in resting-state functional connectivity in a subregion of the hippocampus and the antidep...
Detecting neuroplastic effects induced by ketamine in healthy human subjects: a multimodal approach
bioRxiv Preprint Server – May 01, 2025
Summary
A single ketamine dose can significantly elevate glutamate levels in brain regions vital for mood regulation. Researchers used advanced imaging to show how this compound reorganizes brain activity and connections. They found increased integration between different brain networks, with a key hub playing a central role in reshaping brain hierarchies. These findings offer promising insights into its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
We investigated ketamine’s neuroplastic effects in healthy human subjects using integrated Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Magnetic Resonance Im...
Oscillatory Components of Psychedelic Experience
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – July 01, 2024
Summary
Neuroscientific studies reveal that the profound healing and inner restructuring from psychedelic experiences are deeply tied to brain rhythms. These transformative states intensify as brain oscillations peak, fully emerging when activity exceeds normal ranges. Interestingly, even experientially opposite states show similar brain activity, suggesting a deeper source for conscious content. This dynamic interplay offers significant therapeutic potential.
Abstract
As humanity has been utilizing psychedelic substances for millennia, much knowledge has already been accumulated about the exploratory potential an...
Synthesis and Cyclic Voltammetry Studies of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Human Metabolites
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE – January 01, 2007
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as "Ecstasy," presents a concerning neurotoxic profile influenced by its hepatic metabolism. In a study involving synthesized human metabolites, the toxicity of various compounds was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry with a glassy carbon electrode. Results indicated that α-methyldopamine derivatives exhibited varying toxicity levels; notably, the catecholic thioether of α-methyldopamine demonstrated a lower oxidation potential and higher toxicity to rat cortical neurons. This finding underscores the potential of voltammetry in predicting the harmful effects of MDMA metabolites on neural health.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "Ecstasy") is a widely abused, psychoactive recreational drug. There are growing evidences that the MDMA...
Neural Effects of MDMA as Determined by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Awake Marmoset Monkeys
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – August 01, 2006
Summary
A recreational dose of MDMA (1 mg/kg) significantly activates brain regions in marmoset monkeys, including the amygdala and hippocampus. In a follow-up study with higher doses (up to 40 mg/kg), notable neurotoxic effects were observed, particularly a 30% reduction in N-acetylaspartate in the hypothalamus, indicating vulnerability to damage. Additionally, prolonged hyperthermia and decreased serotonin levels were noted. These findings highlight both the immediate brain activation effects and potential long-term consequences of MDMA use, underscoring its impact on serotonin systems in critical brain areas.
Abstract
Abstract: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the acute effects of a recreational dose (1 mg/kg p.o.) of 3,4‐methyl...
Flicker light stimulation enhances the emotional response to music: a comparison study to the effects of psychedelics
Frontiers in Psychology – February 14, 2024
Summary
Flicker light stimulation significantly boosts emotional responses to music, particularly "Joyful Activation." Twenty participants reported heightened emotional arousal when experiencing music with this visual stimulation. This non-pharmacological method for altering consciousness shows promise, drawing parallels with psychedelic drug studies that also enhance emotional modalities. Understanding how visual flicker influences brain activity and emotional processing could inform cognitive psychology and neuroscience, hinting at neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, a realm often explored through biochemical analysis.
Abstract
Flicker light stimulation (FLS) is a non-pharmacological method of inducing altered states of consciousness (ASCs), producing hallucination-like ph...
Cortical structural differences following repeated ayahuasca use hold molecular signatures
Frontiers in Neuroscience – October 05, 2023
Summary
Repeated use of the serotonergic psychedelic Ayahuasca profoundly remodels brain networks. Neuroimaging of 24 Ayahuasca users revealed structural reorganization, with sensorimotor areas differentiating and transmodal areas de-differentiating. This Neuroscience points to altered gene expression, including the 5-HT 2A receptor and immediate early genes, indicating enhanced neuroplasticity. Such biological changes, explored through Biochemical Analysis in Psychedelics, suggest how these substances influence brain organization. This macroscale effect, linked to Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence, offers insight into the Psychology and behavioral differences observed in experienced users.
Abstract
Introduction Serotonergic psychedelics such as ayahuasca are reported to promote both structural and functional neural plasticity via partial 5-HT ...
Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness
Frontiers in Psychology – September 04, 2018
Summary
Altered states of consciousness induced by meditation and psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, share striking phenomenological and neurophysiological similarities. Both contemplation practices and psychedelic experiences can lead to a profound phenomenon of self-loss, or "ego dissolution." Cognitive psychology and cognitive science explore how these experiences, often mediated by neurotransmitter receptor influence, disrupt various aspects of self-consciousness. While meditation and psilocybin profoundly alter perception, the specific forms of self-loss differ, highlighting self-consciousness as a complex, multidimensional construct. This transpersonal insight offers new avenues for understanding the human mind.
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific study of meditation and psychedelic drugs has seen remarkable developments. The increased focus on meditation in co...
Modulation of Posterior Default Mode Network Activity During Interoceptive Attention and Relation to Mindfulness.
Biological psychiatry global open science – November 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Interoceptive attention to internal sensory signals, such as the breath, is fundamental to mindfulness. However, interoceptive attention can be dif...
The Role of Top-Down Modulation in Shaping Sensory Processing Across Brain States: Implications for Consciousness.
Frontiers in systems neuroscience – January 01, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Top-down, feedback projections account for a large portion of all connections between neurons in the thalamocortical system, yet their precise role...
Reducing default mode network connectivity with mindfulness-based fMRI neurofeedback: a pilot study among adolescents with affective disorder history.
Molecular psychiatry – June 01, 2023
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Adolescents experience alarmingly high rates of major depressive disorder (MDD), however, gold-standard treatments are only effective for ~50% of y...
Implications for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: functional magnetic resonance imaging study with psilocybin
The British Journal of Psychiatry – January 27, 2012
Summary
The hallucinogen Psilocybin significantly enhances the vividness of autobiographical memory, a key finding in cognitive psychology. Functional magnetic resonance imaging with 10 participants revealed additional visual and sensory cortical activations in the prefrontal cortex during memory recall under psilocybin, absent with placebo. Participants rated memory vividness and visual imagery significantly higher after psilocybin. This neuroscience insight, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggests psilocybin's influence on neurotransmitter receptors could improve cognition and psychological recall, potentially aiding therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Background Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic drug that has a history of use in psychotherapy. One of the rationales for its use was that it aids ...
The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on whole-brain functional and effective connectivity
Neuropsychopharmacology – April 25, 2023
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide profoundly reconfigures brain communication, a key finding for Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 45 participants, comparing 100 μg LSD to a Placebo, brain mapping revealed widespread stronger functional connectivity and less self-inhibition. Yet, occipital and subcortical regions, influencing Olfactory and Sensory Function, showed opposite effects. This brain activity pattern, reflecting Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and relevant to Brain activity and meditation, accurately predicted the drug's presence 91.11% of the time.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics have emerged as promising candidate treatments for various psychiatric conditions, and given their clinical potential, there ...
Neurocognitive effects of psilocybin: A systematic and comprehensive review of neuroimaging studies in humans.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – August 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, creates profound changes in brain connectivity patterns. Advanced neuroimaging techniques like MRI and PET scans reveal that this psychedelic temporarily disrupts the brain's default mode network, altering self-perception and emotional processing. Studies show promising brain changes in treating depression, with functional connectivity shifts linked to improved mood and social functioning.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a psychedelic serotonergic compound that is renowned for its potent psychoactive effects. Over the past 15 years, an increasing numbe...
From relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) to revised beliefs after psychedelics (REBAS).
Scientific reports – January 29, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin can help people break free from deeply-held negative beliefs about themselves, leading to improved mental well-being. When given a high dose of psilocybin, participants experienced decreased confidence in their negative self-beliefs, both during and one month after treatment. Brain activity measurements showed increased neural flexibility during these belief changes, suggesting psychedelics may help "rewire" rigid thought patterns into healthier perspectives.
Abstract
The Relaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics (REBUS) model proposes that serotonergic psychedelics decrease the precision weighting of neurobiologically-...
Oral ketamine effects on dynamics of functional network connectivity in patients treated for chronic suicidality.
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience – May 21, 2024
Summary
Ketamine treatment for chronic suicidality works by enhancing brain network flexibility and communication. Research shows that patients receiving oral ketamine experienced increased neural network transitions and stronger brain connectivity patterns, particularly in regions controlling cognitive function. Using fMRI scans, scientists found that successful treatment led to more dynamic functional connectivity between brain regions. Those who responded best showed distinct patterns in cognitive control networks before treatment, suggesting potential markers for identifying ideal candidates for ketamine therapy.
Abstract
The underlying brain mechanisms of ketamine in treating chronic suicidality and the characteristics of patients who will benefit from ketamine trea...
Potentiation of antidepressant effects: NPY1R agonist and ketamine synergy enhances TrkB signaling and neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus.
Expert opinion on therapeutic targets – April 01, 2024
Summary
A breakthrough in antidepressant therapy shows that combining ketamine with a novel compound amplifies mood-lifting effects. Scientists found that pairing ketamine with an NPY1R agonist triggers enhanced brain cell growth in the ventral hippocampus. The combination boosts Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor levels and promotes neurogenesis more effectively than either treatment alone.
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses a significant challenge to global health, with current treatments often limited by efficacy and onset delays....
Neurobiological and Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin in Psychiatric Disorders
Journal of Pharma Insights and Research. – October 05, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin offers rapid, sustained antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects, particularly for treatment-resistant depression and existential distress. Administered within psychotherapy, it acutely disrupts key brain networks, like the Default Mode Network, creating a state of elevated brain entropy. This leads to enhanced neuroplasticity, fostering new neural connections and helping unlearn maladaptive cognitive patterns. Significant efficacy is evident, but careful screening and a supportive therapeutic setting are essential for safe, effective application.
Abstract
Psilocybin, an indoleamine alkaloid derived from various fungal species, is the subject of renewed, rigorous investigation for its therapeutic pote...
Consciousness among delta waves: a paradox?
Brain – March 06, 2021
Summary
A compelling finding: consciousness isn't always lost when high-amplitude delta rhythms (1–4 Hz) dominate Electroencephalography. While often associated with unconsciousness in states like coma or anesthesia, Neuroscience and Psychology reveal prominent delta activity during conscious experiences, including dreaming and powerful psychedelic states. This challenges how we understand Consciousness Disorders. To avoid misinterpreting unconsciousness, assessing neural dynamics and brain function through electrophysiological complexity, crucial for EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces and Functional Brain Connectivity Studies, is more reliable than simply measuring delta power.
Abstract
Abstract A common observation in EEG research is that consciousness vanishes with the appearance of delta (1–4 Hz) waves, particularly when those w...