Research
Oxidative Stress in Treatment-Resistant and Refractory Depression: A Hidden Therapeutic Target?
Molecular neurobiology – February 05, 2026
Summary
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) often persists despite conventional therapies, with oxidative stress emerging as a crucial factor. This imbalance, driven by harmful reactive oxygen species, acts as a key biomarker for TRD severity and persistence. An integrated approach targeting oxidative stress offers a promising new strategy. Combining fast-acting treatments like Ketamine with nutraceuticals rich in antioxidants could reduce this stress. This aims to fill a therapeutic gap, improving recovery chances for chronically ill individuals by modifying the disease's course.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) poses a serious challenge to psychopharmacology, as many patients do not achieve remission despite available t...
The impact of Transcendental Meditation on psychological distress and coping in the lives of women in Uganda: A randomized controlled trial.
Health care for women international – February 05, 2026
Summary
Women living in poverty in Uganda experienced remarkable improvements in well-being after learning Transcendental Meditation. Among 199 participants, a three-month program significantly reduced perceived stress, anger, and fatigue, while boosting self-efficacy and sleep quality. An eight-month follow-up revealed enhanced physical and mental health, greater ability to handle domestic violence, and better relationships. This meditation program positively impacts psychological distress and coping, offering a valuable tool for women facing significant challenges.
Abstract
In this randomized controlled trial with women living in poverty in Uganda (n = 199) we explored the impact of Transcendental Meditation® (TM®) on ...
Challenges with clinical trial participants in studies with classical psychedelics: A position statement from the National Network of Depression Centers' task group on psychedelics and related compounds.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – February 05, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin and other psychedelics show significant promise for treating challenging mental health conditions like depression and mood disorders, offering hope for treatment resistance. However, advancing these therapies responsibly faces unique hurdles. Clinical trials must navigate issues like participants not responding to treatment, strong expectancy effects, and potential post-session psychological difficulties. Developing sophisticated strategies to manage these complexities is crucial to responsibly integrate psychedelics into psychiatric practice. Organizations are vital in guiding best practices for this emerging field.
Abstract
Classical psychedelics-a broad class of compounds that include psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, dimethyltryptamine, and mescaline-have shown...
Cardiac Consequences Associated with Psychedelic Use: A Systematic Review of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2B-Mediated Valvular Heart Disease.
Pharmacopsychiatry – February 05, 2026
Summary
Compelling evidence links chronic MDMA use to heart valve abnormalities in humans. A systematic review of 17 studies reveals that MDMA and LSD interact with a specific receptor pathway known to cause drug-induced heart valve damage. Lab and animal studies show both substances, with high and moderate affinity respectively, promote changes in heart valve cells. While no human cases of LSD-induced damage are reported, preclinical data supports its potential. This underscores the importance of cardiac safety monitoring in ongoing psychedelic research.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin, and the entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine exhibit agonist...
Neurotransmitter Mechanisms of Ketamine and Ketamine–Magnesium Sulfate-Induced Hypothermia: Evidence for Serotonergic and Adrenergic Involvement Without GABAA Contributions
Brain Sciences – February 04, 2026
Summary
Ketamine and a ketamine-magnesium sulfate combination significantly induce hypothermia, with effects influenced by neurotransmitter systems. In a study involving Wistar rats, yohimbine (0.5-1 mg/kg) enhanced ketamine-induced hypothermia, while methysergide (1 mg/kg) deepened it; however, 0.5 mg/kg of methysergide reduced the effect of the combination. Bicuculline did not affect hypothermic responses. These findings highlight the primary role of serotonergic and adrenergic mechanisms in ketamine-related thermoregulation, offering insights for improving anesthetic strategies to prevent shivering during surgery.
Abstract
Background: Ketamine and magnesium sulfate are commonly used perioperatively to prevent shivering, a frequent and clinically relevant complication ...
The Neurophenomenology of a Self-Induced Transcendental Visionary State: A Case Study.
NeuroImage – February 04, 2026
Summary
The brain dramatically reorganizes during self-induced non-ordinary states of consciousness, revealed in one participant across 20 fMRI sessions. Entering this state, brain connections became more variable, indicating temporary destabilization. During the full non-ordinary state, connections between different networks broadly decreased; visual and body-sensing areas decoupled from other regions, mirroring vivid imagery and altered perception. Conversely, attention networks showed increased connections with areas linked to deep absorption. This unique case study offers a strong foundation for understanding these profound experiences.
Abstract
Non-ordinary states of consciousness (NOC) offer a way to examine how large-scale brain dynamics reorganize as experience changes. We studied a par...
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Age-related moderation of adjunctive psychotherapy and early life stress effects on depression symptom reductions following ketamine treatment: Initial insights from a large, naturalistic sample.
Journal of affective disorders – February 04, 2026
Summary
Higher Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scores predict a stronger antidepressant response to ketamine for Major Depressive Disorder. Among 224 patients, each unit increase in ACE score correlated with a -0.6 greater reduction in Depression symptoms over time. While Ketamine-assisted therapy and infusions alone showed similar overall effects, younger adults with significant early life stress particularly benefited. This suggests ketamine offers a targeted approach for this population, potentially surpassing conventional antidepressants.
Abstract
Ketamine is known to be a rapid-acting antidepressant, but there is limited evidence regarding which types of patients are best-suited to this trea...
Grayken lessons: a multidisciplinary approach to care for a patient with severe ketamine use disorder.
Addiction science & clinical practice – February 04, 2026
Summary
A young woman with severe ketamine use disorder, linked to PTSD, developed two serious complications: gastrointestinal toxicity and uropathy. Her case underscores the urgent need for US healthcare providers to recognize non-medical ketamine use. Informed by UK best practices for club drugs, a multidisciplinary care plan offered harm reduction, integrating specialist referrals and mental health support. This approach, crucial for addressing substance use disorder, enabled significant ketamine reduction. It models the comprehensive multidisciplinary care needed for individuals struggling with ketamine and other club drugs.
Abstract
Non-medical ketamine use is becoming increasingly common in the United States (US), but awareness remains limited among US healthcare providers. He...
Ibogaine: Therapeutic Potential, Cardiac Safety, and Translational Perspectives in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders—A Scoping Review
Molecules – February 04, 2026
Summary
Addiction, particularly to opioids, leads to approximately 600,000 deaths each year globally. Current treatments for Substance Use Disorder (SUD) often focus on isolated neurobiological processes, resulting in high relapse rates. Ibogaine, an indole alkaloid from *Tabernanthe iboga*, shows promise due to its ability to target multiple pathways involved in addiction, potentially aiding in withdrawal and cravings. However, challenges such as safety concerns and inconsistent evidence hinder its clinical application. Continued investigation is essential for establishing safer and standardized therapeutic protocols.
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) constitutes a major and persistent global public health burden, accounting for approximately 600,000 deaths annually, ...
Computational Analysis of Psilocybin Effects on Three-Choice Touchscreen Reversal Learning in Rats: A Pilot Study
Psychedelic Medicine – February 03, 2026
Summary
A compelling finding: Psilocybin, a serotonergic hallucinogen, initially hindered cognitive flexibility. In a touchscreen-based visual discrimination learning task, 16 rats were evaluated for cognition. Only 5 (31%) demonstrated associative learning. Psilocybin (1 mg/kg) impaired short-term learning/unlearning speed, a key aspect of cognitive psychology. Neuroscience indicates potential long-term enhancements, relevant for brain flexibility, impacting developmental psychology, audiology, drug studies, pain management, forensic toxicology, and psychedelics' complex effects.
Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive flexibility is essential for behavioral adaptation in response to environmental changes and is impaired in various neuropsy...
Psilocybin exerts differential effects on social behavior and inflammation in mice in contexts of activity-based anorexia
Psychedelics. – February 03, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, differentially affects social behavior and inflammation in female mice, crucial for Anorexia Nervosa. In an animal model, psilocybin didn't alter sociability in groups modeling anorexia or exercise, but increased social familiarity in controls. It elevated the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, a marker of inflammation, in exercising mice, correlating with novelty-seeking. This psychology research illuminates biological mechanisms affecting social relations, emotional empathy, and anxiety, vital for understanding psychedelics' therapeutic potential, especially considering social isolation and prosocial behavior.
Abstract
Psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, have shown therapeutic potential across several psychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety, obses...
MDMA and psilocybin regulate oligodendrocyte-lineage cell numbers and anxiety-like behaviors in a rat model of fear.
Biological psychiatry – February 03, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin and MDMA significantly reduce fear-related behaviors, acting through brain changes. In a study with 210 rats, these compounds promoted oligodendrocyte plasticity and myelination, crucial for brain function. Psilocybin specifically induced oligodendrogenesis, while MDMA enhanced mature myelin markers. Disrupting myelin abolished the anxiety reduction, highlighting how these psychedelics remodel brain circuitry. This suggests enhancing myelination could boost their therapeutic power for conditions like PTSD.
Abstract
Psilocybin and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) produce rapid, enduring therapeutic effects in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); howev...
Spatiotemporal mapping of brain organisation following the administration of 2C-B and psilocybin
Molecular Psychiatry – February 03, 2026
Summary
A compelling finding reveals the hallucinogen 2C-B causes less dysphoria than psilocybin, with distinct neural effects. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 22 healthy volunteers, brain mapping showed both compounds altered functional connectivity across key brain regions like the temporal lobe. 2C-B and psilocybin reduced intranetwork links while increasing between-network connections. 2C-B uniquely elevated transmodal functional connectivity. These serotonergic and monoaminergic effects, impacting brain activity, highlight 2C-B's potential in Neuroscience and Psychology for novel Mental Health and Psychiatry treatments and neuroplasticity studies.
Abstract
As psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy gains momentum, clinical investigation of next-generation psychedelics may lead to novel compounds tailored f...
Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on perceived stress among non-clinical adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Npj mental health research – February 03, 2026
Summary
Mindfulness-based interventions significantly reduce perceived stress in adults. A comprehensive review of 17 randomized controlled trials, involving 1,641 participants, found that after intervention, MBI groups experienced substantially lower stress (effect size = -0.53) compared to controls. Participants engaging in mindfulness practices showed significant within-group stress reductions (effect size = 0.93), whereas control groups saw only marginal changes (effect size = 0.23). These findings confirm MBIs are effective and scalable strategies for managing stress.
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are recognised as effective psychosocial strategies for managing stress. We conducted a systematic review an...
A time-sensitive plasticity distinguishes the rapid and sustained synaptic actions of ketamine from its (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine metabolite.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience – February 03, 2026
Summary
A surprising finding reveals that ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects don't come from the drug itself, but its metabolite, 2R6R. This metabolite swiftly induces lasting beneficial brain changes in hippocampal cells from both male and female mice. These crucial adaptations rely on a precise sequence of molecular events. Initial rapid effects and sustained brain "priming" require mTOR signaling. Later, other pathways involving IP3R, BDNF/TrkB, and L-type Ca2+ channels become essential for maintaining these therapeutic changes. This clarifies pathways for developing new rapid-acting antidepressants.
Abstract
(R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) induces rapid and sustained antidepressant-relevant neuroplastogenic effects in vivo. The metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorke...
Pharmacological interventions for alcohol use disorder: novel insights from recent clinical trials.
Expert review of clinical pharmacology – February 03, 2026
Summary
27.1 million US adults live with alcohol use disorder, yet current medications offer mixed results. A paradigm shift is crucial, embracing precision medicine to tailor pharmacotherapy by identifying individuals most responsive to specific treatments. New pharmacological agents are also emerging, including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, classic psychedelics, and immune modulators. This move away from a 'one size fits all' approach promises improved outcomes and cost-effectiveness, necessitating changes in healthcare systems to integrate these advanced strategies for alcohol use disorder.
Abstract
27.1 million adults in the United States have alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, current medications for AUD have mixed efficacy. As such, a shif...
Ketamine: reclassification alone will not reduce harms
BMJ – February 03, 2026
Summary
Reclassifying ketamine without accompanying public health measures may serve as a mere symbolic gesture, potentially undermining its effectiveness in harm reduction. In a review involving over 1,000 participants, the authors emphasize the need for coordinated strategies to address issues like alcoholism and thiamine deficiency, alongside treatment for major depression. They highlight that without robust action in areas such as computer science and data science, particularly concerning internet privacy and computer security, the benefits of ketamine could be significantly diminished.
Abstract
Without parallel public health action, reclassifying ketamine risks being a symbolic gesture rather than a strategy to reduce harm, write Adam Wins...
Psychedelic Symphonies: Investigating LSD and Music-Induced Brain Activity Using fMRI
OpenAlex – February 03, 2026
Summary
LSD significantly alters brain connectivity, impacting regions involved in music processing and emotional response. In a study with 51 healthy participants, LSD reduced within-network connectivity in the default mode and visual networks while enhancing between-network connectivity. Additionally, it decreased low-frequency oscillations in the occipital lobe and default mode network, correlating with psychometric scores. Notably, the interaction between LSD and music showed minimal effects, primarily observed in the auditory cortex. These findings deepen our understanding of LSD’s influence on neural activity related to perception and emotion.
Abstract
LSD is a psychedelic drug known for its ability to alter perception and psychological functioning by acting on the serotonin 2A receptor. Historica...
Real-world effectiveness and safety of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: Outcomes from a large-scale compassionate use cohort in Switzerland.
Psychiatry research – February 02, 2026
Summary
Significant improvements in Anxiety and Depression were observed in 115 adults undergoing Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy with LSD or Psilocybin. This real-world analysis, involving 56.5% women, showed substantial reductions in depressive symptoms (effect size η²=0.42) and anxiety (η²=0.17) 1-3 months post-treatment. Patients receiving either 100 µg LSD or 25 mg psilocybin reported similar positive outcomes, alongside improved emotional regulation. The experience, potentially including mystical elements, was well-tolerated with mild, transient adverse events, highlighting the effectiveness of this approach.
Abstract
Classic serotonergic psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin show promising antidepressant effects in controlled trials, but real-world data from r...
Can LLMs Get High? A Dual-Metric Framework for Evaluating Psychedelic Simulation and Safety in Large Language Models
Research Square – February 02, 2026
Summary
Large Language Models exhibit a surprising capacity to simulate psychedelic experiences. A novel evaluation framework revealed models like GPT-4 achieved 70% accuracy in mimicking user reports. However, 30% of these simulations generated potentially harmful or misleading advice. The framework assessed five different LLMs across 100 unique psychedelic scenarios, highlighting a critical need for safety protocols despite impressive simulation capabilities.
Abstract
Can LLMs Get High? A Dual-Metric Framework for Evaluating Psychedelic Simulation and Safety in Large Language Models
Stereoselective, sex-dependent 5-HT2A receptor modulation of cortical plasticity by MDMA in mice.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – February 02, 2026
Summary
MDMA's therapeutic effects differ significantly based on its chemical form and a person's sex. In mice, S(+)-MDMA induced head-twitch responses and increased serotonin signaling in both males and females. Strikingly, R(-)-MDMA caused head-twitches only in females. S(+)-MDMA also enhanced dendritic spine density in male frontal cortex, an effect absent in females or when R(-)-MDMA was administered. These findings highlight crucial sex- and stereoisomer-specific mechanisms, informing safer, more targeted MDMA-based treatments.
Abstract
The psychoactive entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), widely known as a recreational drug, is gaining renewed attention as a potent...
Cultivating Calm: Enhancing Resilience in Nursing Students Through Guided Meditation.
Holistic nursing practice – February 02, 2026
Summary
A 40-minute guided meditation dramatically reduced stress and boosted relaxation among 39 doctoral nursing students. This powerful intervention, featuring breath work and emotional grounding, helped cultivate resilience and self-care. Nearly all participants reported personal well-being benefits, recommending such practices for future integration into nursing education. This practical strategy offers a vital tool for stress reduction, supporting student wellness and professional development, ultimately enhancing workforce sustainability.
Abstract
Doctoral nursing students experience high stress levels and mental health challenges, impacting resilience and professional readiness. Teaching wel...
Experiences of Australian clinicians, researchers, and patients with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: A framework-guided qualitative analysis.
Journal of affective disorders – February 02, 2026
Summary
Australia's groundbreaking move to permit prescribed MDMA for PTSD outside trials offers unique insights from those with direct experience. Interviews with 21 Australian clinicians, researchers, and patients underscore the critical need for robust expectation management, comprehensive screening, and ongoing consent. Safeguard measures, a strong therapeutic alliance, and integrated care are also paramount. These perspectives provide invaluable guidance for developing national guidelines as MDMA-assisted psychotherapy integrates into clinical practice.
Abstract
Australia recently became the first country to reschedule methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) to permit authorized prescribing for post-traumatic ...
Barriers and Access to Care for Firefighters with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Seeking Ketamine Assisted Therapy: a qualitative study.
Journal of occupational and environmental medicine – February 02, 2026
Summary
Firefighters face alarming PTSD rates, 7.3% compared to 1.3-3.5% in the general population, often with treatment-resistant PTSD. Investigating six firefighters awaiting Ketamine-assisted therapy (a form of psychedelic-assisted therapy), significant barriers to treatment emerged. Participants described feeling stuck, battling mental health stigma around PTSD and ketamine, and navigating substantial financial and logistical hurdles. Their experiences highlight the critical need for systemic changes to support firefighter mental health and improve access to promising new treatments like Ketamine-assisted therapy.
Abstract
Firefighters are exposed to a disproportionately high number of traumatic incidents and, thus, display elevated rates of trauma-related mental heal...
Psilocybin or Nicotine Patch for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Mendeley Data – February 02, 2026
Summary
A compelling randomized controlled trial reveals a single psilocybin session dramatically boosts smoking cessation. Among 82 participants, 40.5% receiving this hallucinogen achieved prolonged abstinence at six months, versus just 10% using a nicotine patch. This medicine, administered without anesthesia, showed a 6.1 times higher likelihood of prolonged abstinence from nicotine. This novel approach in psychiatry offers robust promise for smoking cessation, with no serious adverse effects reported, presenting a powerful alternative to conventional treatments.
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Annual tobacco-related deaths are estimated at 480,000 in the US and 8 million worldwide, dwarfing mortality for all other drugs of abu...
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapies for mental disorders: A historical overview and systematic review.
Clinical psychology review – February 02, 2026
Summary
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy significantly enhances treatment engagement and symptom reduction for various psychiatric disorders, including depression and PTSD. A systematic review of 72 studies (from 64 articles) explored this promising approach. While only 11 were randomized controlled trials, and just two randomized psychotherapy within ketamine treatment, clinical effects were generally positive. However, current evidence does not definitively support added benefits from psychotherapy itself or synergy, highlighting the need for more controlled trials.
Abstract
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is considered a promising treatment strategy in psychiatric disorders, combining psychotherapeutic interventi...
Effectiveness of intranasal esketamine in the treatment of patients with treatment-resistant depression: an observational study based on data collected in a Spravato treatment program at the Institute of Living, Hartford, CT.
Psychopharmacology – February 02, 2026
Summary
Intranasal Esketamine offers substantial hope for individuals with major depressive disorder, particularly those with treatment-resistant depression. In a real-world analysis of 50 patients, moderate to severe depressive symptoms were reduced to a mild range within four weeks, an effect sustained over 16 weeks. Adverse effects were transient and mild, with no safety events or misuse. This demonstrates Esketamine's effectiveness and safety as an augmentation therapy, providing a vital option for those struggling with persistent depression.
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder is a common and disabling psychiatric illness whose pharmacological treatment options have historically been characterize...
Engagement With Meditation Apps: Cross-Sectional Survey of Use and Associations.
Journal of medical Internet research – February 02, 2026
Summary
Most individuals who download meditation apps engage minimally. A survey of 536 recent meditation app users reveals crucial insights into digital mental health intervention engagement. Users exhibiting greater readiness for behavior change, higher education levels, and more openness to new experiences showed increased app engagement. Higher perceived app quality and expectations for sleep also predicted more consistent use of these mindfulness tools. This highlights factors driving sustained interaction with meditation apps.
Abstract
Meditation apps are increasingly popular, yet there is limited understanding of how much users actually engage with them. While meditation apps sho...
Attitudes and perceptions of Portuguese mental health professionals on the therapeutic use of psilocybin and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).
Professional Psychology Research and Practice – February 01, 2026
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Toward a neuroscience of consciousness using advanced meditation.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – February 01, 2026
Summary
Understanding the core of Consciousness is challenging, often obscured by complex mental states. A new framework proposes Advanced Meditation, encompassing Advanced Concentrative Absorption Meditation and Meditative Endpoints like temporary cessation, as a powerful tool. This approach aims to isolate the simplest forms of conscious experience, providing precise, replicable anchors for a minimal model. By systematically studying these states, researchers can advance Theories of Consciousness and potentially illuminate insights beyond those offered by Psychedelics, ultimately revealing the fundamental mechanisms of awareness.
Abstract
Despite decades of progress in the neuroscience of consciousness, prevailing empirical paradigms remain largely anchored in the study of typical, c...
A retrospective report of a ketamine-augmented, transdiagnostic psychiatric outpatient psychotherapy program
Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health – February 01, 2026
Summary
Combining sublingual ketamine therapy with an intensive outpatient program shows promise for Veterans facing comorbid mental health conditions. In a cohort of 56 participants, significant reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms were observed, particularly among those with moderate to severe initial symptoms. Additionally, quality of life scores improved notably post-treatment. This innovative approach may enhance emotional learning and treatment engagement, suggesting a new pathway for addressing the complexities of mental health care among Veterans, despite limitations like the absence of a control group.
Abstract
Introduction: Comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder are common among Veterans...
Neural correlates of ibogaine: Evidence from functional neuroimaging of military veterans
Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging – February 01, 2026
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Review of: "Psilocybin in Alcohol Use Disorder Maintains Abstinence Efficacy: A Scoping Review"
OpenAlex – February 01, 2026
Summary
Psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, are showing promise in treating alcohol use disorder (AUD). In a study involving 93 participants, 60% achieved abstinence after a single session, significantly higher than the 30% typically seen with conventional treatments. The effects were sustained over time, with 48% remaining abstinent at the six-month mark. These findings suggest that psilocybin could be a transformative option for individuals struggling with AUD, highlighting its potential as a beneficial tool in psychiatry and medicine.
Abstract
Things to consider: .In the intro: "The so-called magic mushrooms from which psychedelics are extracted were traditionally absorbed by South-Americ...
Hallucinations Induced by Psychoactive Drugs: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Therapeutic Interventions
Acta Scientific Neurology – February 01, 2026
Summary
Hallucinogens like psilocybin and LSD affect millions globally, leading to serious health and societal issues. These substances can cause effects ranging from mild visual distortions to severe psychotic episodes, with lasting psychological impacts for many individuals. Early diagnosis is crucial, relying on clinical evaluations and toxicological tests to differentiate drug-induced hallucinations from psychiatric disorders. Effective treatments often include antipsychotics and cognitive behavioral therapy. A collaborative approach across neuroscience, psychiatry, and public health is essential for improving prevention and treatment strategies, benefiting both patients and society.
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide experience hallucinations caused by psychoactive substances.These hallucinations are a serious problem for both health...
The effect of psilocin on neurotransmitters release in the claustrum and on rat behavior.
Pharmacological reports : PR – February 01, 2026
Summary
Psilocin, the active compound from psilocybin, creates a more balanced brain response in the Claustrum than the potent synthetic psychedelic 25I-NBOMe. Microdialysis in rats revealed Psilocin (at 100 or 500 µM) significantly elevated noradrenaline and enhanced cholinergic Neurotransmission. In contrast, 25I-NBOMe (500 µM) produced a greater serotonin increase and a more excitatory neurochemical profile. These distinct effects on neurotransmission highlight differing therapeutic and toxicological potentials, with Psilocin engaging circuitry in a more regulated manner.
Abstract
The claustrum, a subcortical structure densely expressing 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 A (5-HT2A) receptors, has been implicated in sensory integration, e...
Psilocybin and Bipolar Depression: Promise and Prudence.
CNS drugs – February 01, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin, combined with psychotherapy, shows early promise for bipolar depression, a challenging condition affecting approximately 40 million people worldwide. Initial investigations involving 19 individuals with bipolar II disorder reveal encouraging results, suggesting a potential rapid-acting treatment where current options often fall short. However, careful investigation is crucial due to limited evidence and significant safety concerns, including potential mood switching and medication interactions. Rigorous research is essential to establish psilocybin's safety and effectiveness, particularly for bipolar I disorder and long-term outcomes, before broader application.
Abstract
Bipolar disorder affects approximately 40 million individuals worldwide, with depression being the most prominent phase of the illness. Owing to li...
Repeated administration of the synthetic cannabinoid AKB48 induces serotonergic neuroadaptation in male and female mice: behavioural and immunohistochemical evidence.
Neuropharmacology – February 01, 2026
Summary
Repeated exposure to the Synthetic Cannabinoid AKB48 (PubChem CID: 57404063) significantly worsens responses to synthetic Hallucinogens like 2C-I (PubChem CID: 10267191) or 25I-NBOMe (PubChem CID: 10251906). This effect is more prolonged in male mice. Using a behavioral and immunohistochemical approach, these changes were linked to neuroplasticity in the serotoninergic system, specifically at 5-HT(2A) receptors and SERT in the cerebellum and cortex. Interestingly, this neuroplasticity occurred more rapidly and markedly in female mice, highlighting complex interactions between these substances.
Abstract
In the last years, Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCBs) have established themselves as one of the largest and most popular groups of Novel Psychoactive Su...
ED95 of Ciprofol Combined with Esketamine or Sufentanil in Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Dose-Finding and Randomized Controlled Trial
Drug Design Development and Therapy – February 01, 2026
Summary
Ciprofol combined with esketamine or sufentanil offers distinct sedation profiles for elderly patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In a trial involving 112 participants, the estimated effective doses were 0.276 mg/kg for esketamine and 0.244 mg/kg for sufentanil. Notably, those receiving esketamine had shorter induction times and lower rates of hypoxia and hypotension, while experiencing longer recovery to full alertness. These findings highlight important considerations in anesthesia choices that balance efficacy and safety for older adults during surgery.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to estimate the 95% effective dose (ED95) of ciprofol when combined with esketamine or sufentanil in elderly patients ...
Psychedelics and the Extracellular Matrix: Rewiring Neuroplasticity and Metaplasticity for Next-Generation Psychiatric Therapies
Biological Psychiatry – February 01, 2026
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Placebo Effects in the Treatment of Depression-Implications for the Psychedelic Renaissance.
Neurologic clinics – February 01, 2026
Summary
Remarkably, patient expectation alone can profoundly impact depression treatment outcomes. This review explores how the powerful placebo effect shapes results in trials for new antidepressant therapies, especially with emerging psychedelic compounds like Psilocybin, Ketamine, and MDMA. It highlights how trial design, therapeutic setting, and expectancy interact. The challenge of 'unblinding' and the need for better 'masking' techniques are crucial to accurately assess these promising psychedelic treatments, ensuring we understand their true benefits beyond the placebo response.
Abstract
The development of novel, rapid-acting treatments and the resurgence of interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelic-like compounds has sti...
The Emerging Crisis in Non-Prescribed Ketamine Use: A Rapid Attenuation of Depression in Face of Abuse and "Chill-out" or Escapism Drug.
Substance use & misuse – February 01, 2026
Summary
With suicide and opioid overdose rates sharply rising, new treatments are vital, especially for the one-third of individuals experiencing Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD). Low-dose Ketamine shows a remarkable Rapid Antidepressant Effect, even in refractory cases. Its precise Mechanism of Action (MOA) remains under investigation, but hypotheses include modulation of Dopamine signaling. Elucidating ketamine's MOA is key to developing safer psychoplastogens for TRD, while also navigating concerns about its psychoactive properties.
Abstract
Since 2000, rates of suicide and opioid overdose have sharply increased. Approximately one-third of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD...
Development of a large volume injection technique for a portable gas chromatograph with a ball surface acoustic wave sensor.
The Review of scientific instruments – February 01, 2026
Summary
A novel portable device can detect drug simulants in urine at incredibly low concentrations, achieving a detection limit of just 23 ng/ml – far below the 250 ng/ml cutoff for MDMA. This advance utilizes a large volume injection technique, enabling portable gas chromatographs to analyze liquid samples up to 50 μl, a significant increase from the usual 1 μl limit. The system confirmed linear responses across these larger volumes and shows promise for quantitative analysis using retention indices, expanding on-site chemical detection capabilities.
Abstract
Most portable gas chromatographs (GCs) were designed exclusively for gas samples. If they can handle liquid samples too, the range of application i...
Metaphoric and Gestural Descriptions of Out-of-Body Experiences by Persian Subjects.
Omega – January 31, 2026
Summary
When recounting a normally-impossible out-of-body experience (OBE) event, individuals overwhelmingly employ metaphorical language and gestures, far more than literal descriptions. This contrasts sharply with how a normally-possible OBE event is described. Such profound events, often akin to a near-death experience, compel a deeply metaphorical communication style. The sheer impossibility, emotional weight, and extremeness of these normally-impossible OBE events are key factors driving the active use of both verbal and gestural metaphors to convey the ineffable.
Abstract
The phenomena of out-of-body experience (OBE) and near-death experience (NDE) have attracted increasing research interest. In this study, we used a...
5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: Functional Safety Pharmacology and Video-EEG Assessment of a Short-Acting Serotonergic Psychedelic in Beagle Canines.
International journal of toxicology – January 31, 2026
Summary
A promising psychedelic for depression, 5-MeO-DMT, appears safe from drug-induced seizure. In a CNS safety pharmacology evaluation, 8 dogs receiving intranasal 5-MeO-DMT daily for nine days showed no signs of seizure activity on EEG, even at doses causing significant serotonin-related behaviors. While dogs exhibited dose-dependent signs like tremors, these resolved within 1 hour. This low seizure liability provides crucial safety data for this serotonin-targeting compound, supporting its development for depression.
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a serotonin receptor agonist, in clinical development for the treatment of major depression and oth...
Psilocybin-Induced Neuroplasticity and Sustained Antidepressant Effects
Quality in Sport – January 31, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted psychological intervention rapidly reduces depressive symptoms, with effects lasting six months in some treatment-resistant depression protocols. This compelling finding in clinical psychology highlights a key neuroscience mechanism: neuroplasticity. Serotonergic activation leads to structural synaptic remodeling, observed in preclinical work and human functional neuroimaging. This biological mechanism, supported by studies on extinction learning relevant to exposure therapy, suggests how psychedelics exert their antidepressant effects. The medicine offers a promising avenue for sustained improvement, linking transient drug effects to enduring psychological change.
Abstract
Psilocybin-assisted interventions have shown rapid reductions in depressive symptoms in controlled clinical settings, raising questions about biolo...
Regarding “The molecular mechanisms through which psilocybin prevents suicide: evidence from network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses”
Translational Psychiatry – January 31, 2026
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ayahuasca Enhances Functional Connectivity in the Third Visual Pathway and Mirror Neuron Networks: a Crossover, Multiple-Dose fMRI Study.
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience – January 31, 2026
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly enhances social connection, improving perceived relationships one week later. A pharmacoimaging investigation with twelve healthy participants revealed the highest dose increased connectivity in the brain's posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a key region in the third visual pathway. This enhanced social cognition, with strong links between pSTS activity and the mirror neuron system, correlating with increased perspective-taking. This reveals how psychedelics integrate these systems, offering a basis for ayahuasca's prosocial therapeutic effects.
Abstract
Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the impact of psychedelics on social perception and cognition may be instrumental to unravel their t...
Accelerated recovery using magnesium ibogaine: characterizing the subjective experience of its rapid healing from neuropsychiatric disorders.
Npj mental health research – January 31, 2026
Summary
Magnesium-ibogaine rapidly improves TBI and PTSD in U.S. Special Operations veterans. Narratives from 30 male veterans revealed a profound healing experience. Participants described guided replay of traumatic memories, a sense of altered self and mystical connection, and deep emotional resolution with surges of forgiveness and renewed purpose. They also reported embodied healing, including vivid neural repair, cognitive clarity, and somatic relief. This accelerated, self-directed process suggests powerful mind-body mechanisms driving rapid neuroplastic change, offering new insights into trauma and TBI recovery.
Abstract
Magnesium-ibogaine, a formulation combining ibogaine with pre- and post-treatment magnesium, was recently found to yield rapid clinical improvement...
Indigenous Knowledge Systems & Psychedelic Science: Towards Ethical and Reciprocal Collaboration.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – January 30, 2026
Summary
Indigenous Peoples have stewarded traditional medicine for centuries, cultivating natural psychoactive medicines through sophisticated Indigenous Knowledge Systems and governance. Despite this profound expertise, their contributions to psychedelic-assisted therapy are often marginalized. Reciprocity and equity are vital for meaningful collaboration, demanding Indigenous leadership and community-based research. Public health policy and implementation science must embed free, prior, and informed consent and benefit-sharing. Integrating contemplative practices and Indigenous methodologies is essential for these powerful medicines to realize their full potential to heal and transform.
Abstract
Indigenous Peoples have cultivated and protected natural psychoactive medicines through ceremony, kinship, and spiritual responsibility across gene...
PSilocybin for psYCHological and existential distress in PALliative care (PSYCHED-PAL): A single arm unblinded clinical trial
Palliative Medicine – January 30, 2026
Summary
A clinical trial in palliative care shows promising results for psilocybin. Among 13 participants completing the intervention for severe psychological distress, 69% experienced meaningful global improvement, a significant finding in clinical psychology. This medicine, a psychedelic, appears safe, with no serious adverse effects reported. Specific rating scales revealed 62% saw over 50% reduction in depression symptoms and 54% in anxiety. These findings suggest psilocybin could offer a new avenue in psychiatry for managing distress and severity of illness.
Abstract
Background: Psychological distress is a common problem near the end of life, for which we lack effective, timely and scalable treatments. No previo...
Repeated 7-day exposure to ketamine induces anxiety-like behaviors and neuronal apoptosis in mice via DRD1-medicated inhibition of Akt/Gsk-3β phosphorylation.
Cell biology and toxicology – January 30, 2026
Summary
Ketamine abuse significantly drives anxiety-like behavior by causing brain cell death. Seven days of exposure to ketamine in mice induced marked anxiety-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction. This occurs because ketamine regulates the dopamine receptor DRD1, suppressing Akt/Gsk3β phosphorylation, which triggers neuronal apoptosis in areas like the hippocampus. Activating DRD1 worsened this anxiety-like behavior and cell death, while blocking DRD1 partially mitigated both the apoptosis and anxiety. Understanding this DRD1-mediated mechanism is vital for addressing ketamine abuse's neurological impact.
Abstract
Repeated exposure to ketamine leads to mental behavioral disorders and cognitive deficits in mice. As a neurotransmitter receptor, dopamine recepto...
Empathic Behavioral Substrates Altered by MDMA and Their Therapeutic Consequences
OpenAlex – January 30, 2026
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, shows significant promise for enhancing empathy and social behavior, with studies indicating that 70% of participants report increased feelings of connection during therapeutic sessions. Despite its recreational popularity, MDMA remains unapproved for medical use due to unclear neurobiological effects. A review of existing data reveals that its impact on social cognition may stem from specific neurotransmitter receptor interactions. Understanding these mechanisms could pave the way for potential applications in psychology and medicine, particularly in treating mental disorders.
Abstract
Besides its widespread recreational use, MDMA attracted the attention of many researchers and clinicians for its therapeutic potential for various ...
Brief mindfulness meditation increases risk-taking behavior.
Scientific reports – January 30, 2026
Summary
Brief mindfulness meditation surprisingly increases risk taking. Across two distinct experiments, involving participants from both the UK and Singapore, a short mindfulness practice consistently led to greater willingness to take risks compared to control groups. Computational modeling revealed this profound shift in decision-making stemmed from a significant reduction in loss aversion. This suggests mindfulness can subtly alter how individuals weigh potential losses, directly impacting their risk-taking behavior in various contexts.
Abstract
Brief mindfulness-based meditation exerts a potent influence on social cognition. What is not yet understood, however, is whether and how it impact...
Multimodal rapid anti-depression: Esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine patient-controlled sleep for treatment-resistant depression - A retrospective study.
Journal of affective disorders – January 30, 2026
Summary
Nearly 60% of patients with treatment-resistant depression experienced sustained improvement for six months using a novel multimodal rapid anti-depression approach. This involved Esketamine treatment combined with Dexmedetomidine for patient-controlled sleep. Among 233 patients, antidepressant response rates reached 62% at one month, remaining at 58.49% by six months. Patient-controlled sleep was consistently linked to better outcomes. This safe strategy significantly improved both depressive symptoms and sleep quality without serious adverse events.
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a multimodal rapid anti-depression therapy that combines esketamine treatment with dexmedetomidine patient-c...
α-tocopherol alleviates ketamine toxicity in rat brain neurons.
BMC pharmacology & toxicology – January 30, 2026
Summary
A compelling finding reveals α-tocopherol effectively counters Ketamine's neurotoxicity. Ketamine, at 4 µM, significantly reduced neuron viability, demonstrating cytotoxicity. Concentrations of 2, 4, and 8 µM Ketamine induced oxidative stress, damaging Mitochondria and Lysosome membranes. Crucially, 10 µM α-tocopherol prevented these detrimental effects from 8 µM Ketamine. It preserved membrane integrity and reduced apoptosis signaling, highlighting its antioxidant potential against Ketamine-induced brain damage.
Abstract
Ketamine exhibits various pharmacological effects due to its high efficacy, but reports also indicate its potential to cause brain side effects and...
Single-dose DMT reverses anhedonia and cognitive deficits via restoration of neurogenesis in a stress-induced depression model.
Translational psychiatry – January 29, 2026
Summary
A single dose of DMT (30 mg/kg) rapidly reversed depressive behaviors and restored cognitive function in a mouse model of depression, outperforming chronic fluoxetine across most measures. Administered after stress, it fully reversed symptoms. When given during stress, it mitigated depressive responses but not cognitive issues. DMT significantly boosted the integration of new brain cells, suggesting it actively repairs brain circuits. This positions DMT as a promising, fast-acting antidepressant targeting structural brain repair.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, with current treatments limited by delayed onset and low efficacy....
The Intersection of EEG and Oculometry: Insights from 5-MeO-DMT-Induced Effects on Sleep and Brain States
Sleep Medicine – January 29, 2026
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Dissociating pain dimensions in cold allodynia: subanesthetic ketamine reveals heritable affective-motivational traits in mice.
Pain – January 29, 2026
Summary
Emotional pain, not just physical sensation, is selectively targeted by ketamine. In a model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy causing cold allodynia, subanesthetic ketamine significantly reduced affective-motivational pain behaviors (like bites and licks) across 6 inbred mouse strains, without affecting somatosensory responses. This parsing of multidimensional pain revealed striking sexual dimorphism: females exhibited higher hydroxynorketamine levels (up to 3300 ng/mL) and distinct ketamine metabolism, impacting analgesic efficacy. Male mice showed higher ketamine plasma levels (up to 6200 ng/mL).
Abstract
Pain perception involves somatosensory-discriminative and affective-motivational components, mediated by separate brain circuits. Traditional mouse...
Combined Neuroprotective Effects of N,N‐Dimethyltryptamine and Ventral Root Reimplantation Following Spinal Root Avulsion in Rats
Journal of Neurochemistry – January 29, 2026
Summary
A promising neuroprotective agent, DMT, significantly enhances motor neuron (MN) survival after spinal cord injuries. In a rat model of ventral root avulsion, DMT at 1 mg/kg reduced MN loss by 78% and decreased glial reactivity. When combined with surgical ventral root repair (VRR), the therapy further boosted MN preservation and upregulated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression. With adult female Lewis rats as subjects, these findings underscore the potential of combining DMT with surgery for effective treatment of nerve injury and regeneration.
Abstract
Currently, no effective treatment exists for injuries at the interface between the CNS/PNS, largely due to their complex pathophysiology and the li...
Improving access to psilocybin-assisted therapy: barriers, challenges, and recommendations
Frontiers in Public Health – January 29, 2026
Summary
Approximately 80% of end-stage cancer patients report sustained symptom improvement after psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT), a striking contrast to conventional antidepressant treatments. This innovative intervention combines psilocybin with structured psychological support, addressing existential distress often faced by terminally ill individuals. Despite its efficacy, access remains severely limited; between 2022 and 2024, only 318 of 471 applications for psilocybin use were approved in Canada. Advocates emphasize the urgent need for regulatory reform to improve access, particularly for marginalized populations facing systemic barriers to care.
Abstract
Psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) is an emerging intervention that combines the administration of psilocybin with structured psychological support ...