1705 results for "Ketamine"
Compassionate use of esketamine intranasal in patients with severe major depressive disorder resistant to the treatment.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – January 01, 2025
Summary
A breakthrough treatment offers hope for severe depression patients who haven't responded to traditional medications. Intranasal esketamine, combined with psychotherapy, showed remarkable results in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant depression. In a compassionate use program across nine medical centers, 71 patients experiencing significant functional impairment saw substantial improvement within six months, with best results achieved when medication was paired with therapy.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is defined as the failure of at least two antidepressants in adequate doses and timing during a major depressi...
Esketamine mitigates mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats via inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduction of oxidative stress.
International immunopharmacology – September 30, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough shows that esketamine, a derivative of ketamine, can protect lungs during mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The drug reduces inflammation and oxidative stress by blocking specific cellular pathways, potentially making ventilation safer for critically ill patients. This could transform care for those requiring breathing support.
Abstract
To investigate esketamine's impact on inflammation and oxidative stress in ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats, examining ...
Major challenges in youth psychopathology: treatment-resistant depression. A narrative review.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Nearly 40% of young people with major depressive disorder don't respond to standard treatments. New hope emerges as fast-acting antidepressants like ketamine and esketamine show promise in treating resistant depression in adolescents. These medications work through glutamate pathways, offering rapid relief where traditional treatments fail. While challenging to treat, integrated care approaches combining innovative medications with personalized therapy are helping youth overcome persistent depression.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a major health issue in adolescents and young adults, leading to high levels of disability and profoundl...
Understanding profiles of patients with treatment-resistant depression by stringency of health plan prior authorization criteria for approval of esketamine nasal spray.
Current medical research and opinion – September 01, 2024
Summary
Insurance requirements for esketamine, a breakthrough nasal spray for treatment-resistant depression, may be unnecessarily strict. Data shows patients typically try 4 antidepressants before seeking this treatment, far exceeding standard requirements. Analysis of 568 patients revealed similar treatment patterns regardless of insurance criteria, with most having used multiple medications and antipsychotics for their depression.
Abstract
In the United States (US), prescription drug coverage is subject to prior authorization (PA) criteria, which may vary between health plans and may ...
Intravenous esketamine as an adjuvant for sedation/analgesia outside the operating room: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
When combined with propofol, esketamine shows promising results for safer sedation outside of operating rooms. This medication duo reduces risks of oxygen problems, low blood pressure, and slow heart rate while requiring less propofol overall. Though psychiatric side effects may occur, this combination proves particularly effective for pain control and sedation during medical procedures, offering doctors a valuable tool for patient comfort and safety.
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous esketamine as an adjuvant for sedation or analgesia outside the operati...
[Targeting NMDAR/AMPAR: a promising pharmacotherapeutic approach for depressive disorders].
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova – January 01, 2024
Summary
Recent breakthroughs reveal that glutamate, not just serotonin, plays a crucial role in depression treatment. While traditional antidepressants target serotonin pathways, rapid-acting alternatives like ketamine work by modulating NMDA and AMPA receptors in the brain. This dual-pathway approach shows remarkable promise in treating severe depression, especially in cases where conventional medications fall short.
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of disability and reduced work capacity worldwide. The monoamine theory of the pathogenesis of depression has remaine...
Results of esketamine administration in a Greek population; A case series.
Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki – October 08, 2024
Summary
A breakthrough fast-acting antidepressant is showing promise for those who haven't responded to traditional treatments. In a Greek healthcare setting, esketamine nasal spray combined with oral medication helped five patients with treatment-resistant depression achieve significant mood improvements. This therapeutic intervention produced lasting positive effects, with benefits maintained even 12 months after treatment completion.
Abstract
Esketamine is a non-selective, competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the brain. Through NMDA receptor antagonism, e...
Effects of esketamine on postoperative fatigue syndrome in patients after laparoscopic resection of gastric carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial.
BMC anesthesiology – May 24, 2024
Summary
Promising results show that esketamine can significantly reduce post-surgery fatigue in gastric cancer patients. In this randomized trial, patients receiving esketamine during laparoscopic surgery experienced less fatigue, better sleep, and reduced pain compared to those who didn't. The treatment proved especially effective for complete stomach removal cases, with no increase in side effects.
Abstract
Despite the implementation of various postoperative management strategies, the prevalence of postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS) remains consider...
Dose-response study of propofol combined with two different doses of esketamine for laryngeal mask airway insertion in women undergoing hysteroscopy.
Heliyon – May 15, 2024
Summary
Finding the perfect balance of anesthesia medications can make medical procedures safer and more comfortable. New research shows that combining propofol with esketamine creates optimal conditions for inserting breathing devices. Testing different dose-response relationships in women undergoing hysteroscopy, researchers found that a lower esketamine dose (0.2 mg/kg) with propofol provided the best balance of effectiveness and safety for laryngeal mask airway placement.
Abstract
To prospectively determine the median effective dose (ED50) of propofol for inhibiting a response to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion when com...
A study of hemodynamic effects, postoperative recovery, and safety of esketamine (right handed) during flexible bronchoscopy under general anesthesia.
Current medical research and opinion – May 07, 2024
Summary
A subanesthetic dose of esketamine shows promising results for patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. The drug demonstrated superior stability in vital signs, faster onset and recovery times, and longer-lasting pain relief compared to traditional methods. Patients experienced fewer side effects and showed better early postoperative recovery quality, with improved cognitive function and overall satisfaction after the procedure.
Abstract
Flexible bronchoscopy during general anesthesia has become an indispensable tool. Anesthetics are widely utilized in flexible bronchoscopy (FB). Th...
Effect of intraoperative and/or postoperative esketamine administration on preventing postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Psychiatry research – May 01, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough in maternal mental health: Medical professionals have found a powerful ally in ketamine, a medication that significantly reduces the risk of postnatal depression when administered during or after cesarean sections. Analysis of over 1,200 cases revealed that mothers receiving this treatment experienced lower rates of postpartum mood disorders. As a bonus, the medication also decreased postoperative nausea and vomiting, with no concerning mental side effects.
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of intraoperative and/or postoperative esketamine application on the preventi...
A brief review of complex regional pain syndrome and current management.
Annals of medicine – December 01, 2024
Summary
Chronic pain that spreads beyond an initial injury affects 200,000 Americans yearly. Treatment options have expanded dramatically, combining traditional medications like gabapentin and ketamine with innovative therapies. Doctors now use precise diagnostic tools (Budapest criteria) to identify this condition early. Advanced treatments include spinal cord stimulation, nerve blocks, and botulinum toxin injections. While severe cases may require amputation, most patients improve with early intervention and antioxidant therapy.
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating chronic pain condition that, although exceedingly rare, carries a significant burden for th...
Efficacy and safety of esketamine for perioperative depression in patients undergoing elective surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Asian journal of psychiatry – May 01, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough in surgical care shows that esketamine can cut depression rates by half in patients before and after surgery. This medication effectively reduces both perioperative depression and post-surgery pain, though some patients experience temporary dizziness or hallucinations. The analysis of over 2,400 patients demonstrates that a single dose during or after surgery significantly improves mood and recovery outcomes.
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent mood disorder during the perioperative period, with both preoperative concurrent depression and new-onset postoperative d...
Antidepressant effects of esketamine via the BDNF/AKT/mTOR pathway in mice with postpartum depression and their offspring.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – June 08, 2024
Summary
Esketamine shows promise in treating postpartum depression, not just for mothers but potentially protecting their children from future mental health issues. The drug works by activating important brain signaling pathways, particularly BDNF/AKT/mTOR, which regulate mood and behavior. Tests in mice revealed that esketamine treatment improved both mothers' depression symptoms and their offspring's emotional well-being into adulthood.
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mental health problem that can negatively affect future generations. BDNF/AKT/mTOR signaling in the fronta...
Perioperative Adjunctive Esketamine for Postpartum Depression Among Women Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivery
JAMA Network Open – March 06, 2024
Summary
Perioperative ketamine, an anesthetic, significantly lessened early postpartum depression symptoms. In a randomized controlled trial of 298 pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean deliveries, only 23.0% of those given esketamine developed depression symptoms by day 7, compared to 35.3% receiving a placebo. This suggests a promising treatment for major depression risk in obstetrics, improving maternal mental health during pregnancy and postpartum. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale measured these adverse effect outcomes, showing an effect size of 0.74.
Abstract
Importance Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common mental health conditions during the perinatal and postpartum periods, which can ha...
Antidepressant effects of esketamine are associated with functional connectivity in the hippocampal subregion: A resting state magnetic resonance study.
Neuroscience – July 08, 2025
Summary
A fascinating insight reveals how a specific brain region's connectivity changes with mood improvement. For 29 individuals with major depressive disorder, a novel antidepressant, Esketamine, significantly improved mood and cognition. The research explored how this treatment affects brain functional connection, particularly within the hippocampus. Findings showed that after two weeks, increased functional connection in a hippocampal subregion was associated with Esketamine's antidepressant effects. This provides new understanding of brain network changes in major depressive disorder.
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in resting-state functional connectivity in a subregion of the hippocampus and the antidep...
[Clinical efficacy of sub-anesthetic doses of esketamine in providing perioperative anesthesia and analgesia for elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors in plateau areas].
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi – July 15, 2025
Summary
For elderly patients undergoing surgery in high-altitude areas, a novel approach significantly enhances recovery. A study explored if low-dose esketamine could improve anesthesia and pain relief for older patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Findings showed this gentle infusion stabilized blood pressure, reduced the need for other powerful anesthetics, and notably lowered post-operative pain for up to 24 hours. Patients also recovered breathing and consciousness remarkably faster, offering a safer, more comfortable surgical experience.
Abstract
To investigate the clinical anesthetic and analgesic effects of sub-anesthetic doses of esketamine in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors...
Esketamine Monotherapy in Adults With Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA psychiatry – July 02, 2025
Summary
Many adults with severe depression find standard treatments insufficient. A clinical trial explored if esketamine nasal spray alone could reduce symptoms in those with treatment-resistant depression. Adults unresponsive to prior antidepressants received esketamine (56mg or 84mg) or placebo twice weekly for four weeks. Both esketamine doses significantly improved depressive symptoms by day 28, with effects seen within 24 hours. This offers a promising new treatment option for patients seeking relief.
Abstract
Esketamine nasal spray, administered in conjunction with an oral antidepressant, is approved for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the...
Effect of small dose esketamine on perioperative neurocognitive disorder and postoperative depressive symptoms in elderly patients undergoing major elective noncardiac surgery for malignant tumors: A randomized clinical trial.
Medicine – October 18, 2024
Summary
Did you know a small dose of esketamine during and after surgery can significantly improve recovery for older patients? A trial with 209 individuals undergoing tumor removal found that those given esketamine experienced remarkably fewer depressive symptoms at 3, 7, and 90 days. This approach also enhanced social executive ability, offering a positive impact on mood and overall recovery, though it didn't affect delirium or long-term cognitive issues.
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder and postoperative depressive symptoms are significant complications after surgery. Studies have indicated tha...
Drug models of schizophrenia.
Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology – February 01, 2015
Summary
One-third of schizophrenia patients resist current treatments, highlighting a critical need for new insights. Researchers explored how various drug models, including amphetamine, ketamine, PCP, cannabis (THC), LSD, psilocybin, salvia divinorum, and kappa opioid agonists, mimic aspects of psychosis and schizophrenia. By understanding these drug models, we gain crucial knowledge about neurotransmitter interactions, paving the way for better therapies.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder with positive, negative and cognitive symptom domains. Approximately one third of patients are re...
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Placebo Effects in the Treatment of Depression-Implications for the Psychedelic Renaissance.
Neurologic clinics – February 01, 2026
Summary
Remarkably, patient expectation alone can profoundly impact depression treatment outcomes. This review explores how the powerful placebo effect shapes results in trials for new antidepressant therapies, especially with emerging psychedelic compounds like Psilocybin, Ketamine, and MDMA. It highlights how trial design, therapeutic setting, and expectancy interact. The challenge of 'unblinding' and the need for better 'masking' techniques are crucial to accurately assess these promising psychedelic treatments, ensuring we understand their true benefits beyond the placebo response.
Abstract
The development of novel, rapid-acting treatments and the resurgence of interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelic-like compounds has sti...
Esketamine prevents postoperative sleep disturbance in patients with preoperative sleep disorders: a role for oral microbiota.
Translational psychiatry – November 24, 2025
Summary
Patients with existing sleep issues often struggle with post-surgery sleep. A study explored if intraoperative esketamine could help, evaluating 130 patients. Results showed a significant positive impact: those given esketamine experienced far less postoperative sleep disturbance and needed less pain medication. Intriguingly, differences in preoperative oral microbiota were linked to sleep outcomes, suggesting esketamine may enhance recovery by influencing these microbial communities. This offers a promising new strategy.
Abstract
Patients with preexisting sleep disorders face a significantly increased risk of postoperative sleep disturbance (PSD) due to heightened sensitivit...
Oxidative Stress in Treatment-Resistant and Refractory Depression: A Hidden Therapeutic Target?
Molecular neurobiology – February 05, 2026
Summary
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) often persists despite conventional therapies, with oxidative stress emerging as a crucial factor. This imbalance, driven by harmful reactive oxygen species, acts as a key biomarker for TRD severity and persistence. An integrated approach targeting oxidative stress offers a promising new strategy. Combining fast-acting treatments like Ketamine with nutraceuticals rich in antioxidants could reduce this stress. This aims to fill a therapeutic gap, improving recovery chances for chronically ill individuals by modifying the disease's course.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) poses a serious challenge to psychopharmacology, as many patients do not achieve remission despite available t...
Effective doses of esketamine oral or esketamine intranasal for the prevention of preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients: A randomized double-blind dose-finding trial
Medicine – March 06, 2026
Summary
Single-dose esketamine significantly reduces preoperative anxiety in children, with an effective dose of 8.2 mg/kg orally and 2.2 mg/kg intranasally. In a randomized controlled trial involving pediatric patients, both administration routes demonstrated safety and efficacy as anesthesia and sedative agents. The findings underscore the potential of ketamine in treating dental anxiety, offering a promising alternative for managing anxiety related to anesthesia techniques. This approach could enhance the overall experience for young patients undergoing medical procedures.
Abstract
This study demonstrates the efficacy of single-dose esketamine regimens, administered orally (ED95: 8.2125 mg/kg; 95% CI: 7.4250-8.4597 mg/kg) and ...
Esketamine vs dexmedetomidine for postoperative anxiety and recovery in gynecologic surgery: A triple-blind randomized controlled trial
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – March 12, 2026
Summary
Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced postoperative anxiety in a clinical trial involving 120 patients undergoing gynecologic surgical procedures. In this randomized controlled trial, 78% of participants receiving dexmedetomidine reported lower anxiety levels compared to 52% in the ketamine group. The findings suggest that dexmedetomidine may serve as an effective anxiolytic option in anesthesia, enhancing patient comfort during the perioperative period. With anxiety affecting recovery, these results highlight the importance of optimizing medication choices for better outcomes in surgical settings.
Abstract
Postoperative anxiety remains a clinical challenge; esketamine and dexmedetomidine offer potential perioperative anxiolytic benefits.