1705 results for "Ketamine"
Astroglia and depression: A Gliocentric perspective from rodent models to therapeutic insights.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – January 27, 2026
Summary
Compellingly, standard Antidepressants like SSRIs and rapid-acting Ketamine alleviate Major depressive disorder symptoms by restoring Astrocyte (Astroglia) function. Rodent models consistently demonstrate astroglial dysfunction in Depression, showing structural abnormalities such as atrophy in critical brain regions and impaired glutamate regulation. These disruptions, including reduced neurotrophic factors and increased neuroinflammation, are corroborated by clinical findings. Recognizing Astroglia as key mediators of treatment response opens avenues for effective, personalized antidepressant strategies beyond traditional neuron-focused approaches.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric condition that affects individuals worldwide. While neuronal deficits have long ...
Atypical Manifestation of Postoperative Delirium After an Opioid-free Prostatectomy: A Case Study Report.
Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses – January 28, 2026
Summary
An unexpected postoperative complication, delirium, emerged even with modern opioid-free anesthesia. A case report details one patient's experience following robotic-assisted prostatectomy, where an opioid-free protocol incorporating ketamine, lidocaine, and magnesium was used. While such strategies aim to enhance patient safety and reduce typical postoperative complications, this unusual occurrence of postoperative delirium provides critical insights. Understanding its clinical presentation and contributing factors is vital for managing patient care, highlighting the complex individual responses to even advanced pain management protocols.
Abstract
At a clinical research hospital, the Department of Perioperative Services has recently implemented an opioid-free anesthesia protocol for selected ...
Psychedelic Drugs Rediscovered-In Silico Study of Potential Fetal Exposure to Analogues of Psychedelic Drugs During Pregnancy.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) – January 08, 2026
Summary
A concerning finding reveals most of 250 psychedelic drugs and ketamine analogues readily cross the human placenta. A QSAR model, incorporating drug-likeness and other factors, identified specific atomic contributions: carbonyl and hydroxyl groups enhance placenta permeability, while bulky structures restrict it. The synthetic availability of these compounds makes them attractive for illicit manufacturing, underscoring the urgency for comprehensive pharmacological investigation into their potential effects.
Abstract
A total of 250 known and novel compounds-ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics or their analogues-designed to target depression, addictions and/or...
Methoxetamine and its metabolites: Postmortem determination in body fluids of human cadaver.
Journal of analytical toxicology – January 31, 2024
Summary
Methoxetamine (MXE), a ketamine analog, and its metabolites can persist and be detected in a human body even after two months of decomposition. This was demonstrated in a 42-year-old man whose body was discovered 60 days post-mortem. Toxicological analysis revealed MXE concentrations of 3.6 ng/mL in blood, 70.5 ng/mL in urine, and 18.0 ng/mL in gastric content. With no other drugs or poisons present, MXE was inferred to have contributed to death, despite relatively low blood levels. The findings highlight the compound's remarkable post-mortem detectability.
Abstract
We report the forensic case of a 42-year-old man, a known drug user, who died at home and whose body was only discovered 2 months later. Autopsy wa...
Hair-based rapid UPLC-MS/MS analysis of 36 phencyclidine-type substances in forensic cases.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis – September 20, 2023
Summary
Nine distinct phencyclidine-type new psychoactive substances were successfully identified in human hair from 87 authentic forensic cases. This robust UPLC-MS/MS method offers critical support for drug abuse monitoring. It accurately detects these easily modified illicit compounds, including ketamine (up to 26211.3 pg/mg) and 2-FDCK (up to 43290.2 pg/mg). The ability to screen for these emerging threats in human hair provides vital intelligence for public health and law enforcement, helping combat the spread of these dangerous substances.
Abstract
Phencyclidine (PCP) is a frequently abused dissociative agent. It causes confusion, increased tendencies toward violence, and concentration-depende...
A Psychonaut's Experience of Intoxication with Multiple Classes of Drugs Including Novel Psychoactive Substance 2-fluorodeschloroketamine: Case Report and Urinary Analysis.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2022
Summary
A concerning case reveals 2-fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK), a novel psychoactive substance and ketamine derivative, is now appearing in the United States. A 28-year-old man presented in a dissociated state after using 2-FDCK, which is readily available online for as little as $12 per gram. He recovered with supportive care, and metabolites were confirmed in his urine. This marks the first reported instance of this easily accessible substance, highlighting its significant abuse potential.
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances have emerged as drugs of abuse. 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) is a ketamine derivative that can be purchased onl...
New psychoactive substance cocktail in an intensive care intoxication case elucidated by molecular networking.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) – January 01, 2022
Summary
Alarming concentrations of new psychoactive substances, including ketamine derivatives, were found in a patient requiring intensive care for severe intoxication. A 37-year-old man had urine levels of 3-OH-PCP at 12,085 mg/L and 3-MeO-PCP at 1100 mg/L. Molecular networking proved vital, confirming his consumption by matching drug powders to compounds in his system. This powerful technique aids in the precise identification and management of complex intoxications involving these emerging substances.
Abstract
The recreational use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is increasing worldwide. Among them, the arylcyclohexylamine family including phencyclidi...
Method development for the identification of methoxpropamine, 2-fluoro-deschloroketamine and deschloroketamine and their main metabolites in blood and hair and forensic application.
Forensic science international – June 01, 2021
Summary
Three novel ketamine analogues were tragically linked to a suicide case, underscoring the dangers of New psychoactive substances (NPS). Deschloroketamine (DCK), Fluoro-deschloroketamine (FDCK), and Methoxpropamine (MXPr) were identified in post-mortem blood and hair samples using Liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). This vital Forensic toxicology work characterized these β-keto-arylcyclohexamines and their metabolites, establishing critical analytical methods. Such findings are essential, given the unknown pharmacological activity and often unwitting consumption of these illicit 'research chemicals'.
Abstract
The constant increase of new psychoactive substances, often available on the illicit drug market as 'research chemicals', poses a concern for publi...
Office of National Drug Control Policy
Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement – January 01, 2004
Summary
The market for heroin and cocaine remains stable, while marijuana's popularity persists among youth, often combined with alcohol and other substances. Emerging trends indicate that methamphetamine is particularly problematic in the West and South, with its low price making it widely accessible. Club drugs like LSD and Ketamine are also prevalent, especially among young users who frequently mix various substances. Conversations with over 100 experts, including law enforcement and treatment providers, highlight these ongoing challenges in drug control and management across the United States.
Abstract
This Pulse Check is a report of national trends in illicit drug abuse and drug markets in the United States. The report draws on conversations with...
β-carboline-independent antidepressant-like effect of the standardized extract of the barks of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poir. occurs via 5-HT2A/2C receptors in mice
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 20, 2022
Summary
Mimosa tenuiflora (SEMT) demonstrated a significant antidepressant-like effect in mice, showing promise as an alternative therapy for depression. In behavioral tests, SEMT produced notable results in the tail suspension and forced swim tests, independent of harmine's influence. The extract contained 24.74 mg/g of DMT, suggesting its potential role in activating serotonergic systems. Additionally, a sub-dose interaction with ketamine enhanced its anti-immobility effects. This research highlights SEMT's potential as a novel approach to treating brain disorders linked to serotonin receptors.
Abstract
Background: Depression is a psychiatric disorder with limited therapy options. Psychedelics are new antidepressant candidates, being the ayahuasca ...
Curing agents
Additives for Polymers – March 01, 1994
Summary
A groundbreaking analytical method has successfully identified 41 drugs of abuse in particulate matter, sewage sludge, and sediment. Utilizing solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, this technique achieved recoveries exceeding 50% for most compounds. Notably, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine were frequently detected in particulate samples. In dehydrated sludge, opioids outnumbered cocainics, while emerging drugs like ketamine and bufotenine were also found. Detection limits were impressively low, under 1.32 ng g−1 dry weight, showcasing the method's sensitivity and effectiveness.
Abstract
An analytical method for determining traditional and emerging drugs of abuse in particulate matter, sewage sludge and sediment has been developed a...
Angel Dust
JAMA – August 08, 1977
Summary
Phencyclidine hydrochloride (Sernylan) demonstrated effective analgesia and anesthesia in the 1950s but was sidelined due to significant side effects like postoperative agitation, affecting up to 40% of patients. Despite this, it remains a viable anesthetic for certain animals. In contrast, ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar) is widely used in human medicine. On the street, phencyclidine, known as "Angel Dust," is easily synthesized and commonly substitutes for harder-to-find psychedelics like mescaline, highlighting its accessibility and popularity among users.
Abstract
PHENCYCLIDINE hydrochloride (Sernylan) was investigated during the 1950s as an anesthetic agent. Although it was found to be effective for analgesi...
What are sweet dreams made of? Analysis of psychoactive substances into “gummies”: A retrospective descriptive study
European Psychiatry – April 01, 2017
Summary
A striking 66.7% of gummy formulations analyzed contained unexpected psychoactive substances, primarily 25N-NBOMe, which was found in six out of nine samples. In total, 55.5% of the gummies had multiple psychoactive ingredients, including 2C-E and ketamine. Conducted between June 2014 and December 2015, this analysis involved 8,324 samples from Spain, highlighting the emergence of new drug formats in recreational settings. The findings raise concerns about potential health risks, as many users may unknowingly consume substances different from their expectations.
Abstract
Introduction Although psychoactive substances has a long history in recreational settings, research on its composition has focused only on tablets,...
Psychedelics as neuroplasticity enhancers: Mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and translational challenges
Advanced Neurology – December 04, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and ketamine show remarkable potential in enhancing neuroplasticity, crucial for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. In clinical settings, 60-80% of participants with depression or PTSD reported significant symptom relief when these substances were combined with psychotherapy. These compounds primarily interact with serotonergic and glutamatergic systems, promoting rapid synaptogenesis and changes in brain connectivity. However, challenges regarding safety and the translation of findings into clinical practice remain. Addressing ethical and legal issues is essential for integrating these therapies into modern psychiatric care.
Abstract
Psychedelics are gaining recognition for their effectiveness as modulators of neuroplasticity in the treatment of a range of neuropsychiatric disor...
Ischemia-Induced Neurodegeneration in Glaucoma: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Opportunities for Psychoplastogen-Based Therapies
Pharmaceuticals – February 14, 2026
Summary
Glaucoma, affecting over 70 million people globally, is not just about high eye pressure; it’s a complex neurodegenerative disorder linked to ischemia and chronic inflammation. Retinal ganglion cells suffer from oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, leading to progressive visual pathway disconnection. Current treatments focus on lowering intraocular pressure but overlook neuroprotection. Emerging compounds like ketamine and psilocybin show promise in enhancing neuroplasticity and reducing inflammation, potentially addressing unmet therapeutic needs in glaucoma by promoting neuronal regeneration and improving synaptic health.
Abstract
Glaucoma is increasingly recognized as an ischemic neurodegenerative disorder that extends beyond elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) to involve co...
Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Pakistan: A Promising Strategy
Hospital Pharmacy – October 23, 2025
Summary
Depression is set to become the leading cause of global disability by 2030, affecting nearly 20% of Pakistan's population. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) complicates care for many, as it resists at least two antidepressants. Esketamine, a fast-acting treatment, shows higher remission rates than quetiapine in TRD cases but remains unavailable in Pakistan due to cost and regulatory barriers. Local studies indicate ketamine infusions can help TRD patients, especially ECT non-responders, highlighting the need for improved access to mental healthcare across rural communities.
Abstract
Depression, projected to be the leading cause of global disability by 2030, affects up to 19.62% of Pakistan's population. Treatment-resistant depr...
Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) in Oncologic Patients—A New Promise? Preliminary Results
Cancers – October 15, 2025
Summary
A topical combination of amitriptyline and ketamine shows promise for treating chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), offering a safe and effective option for symptom relief. In a clinical trial, this innovative formulation demonstrated significant improvement in patient comfort, with over 70% reporting reduced pain levels. With a sample size of 150 participants, the findings highlight the potential for transdermal delivery systems in managing CIPN, particularly among those undergoing cancer treatment like multiple myeloma, where skin toxicity is a common concern.
Abstract
This is the first clinical evaluation of a topical combination with new concentrations of amitriptyline and ketamine for CIPN. The results suggest ...
Psychedelics in the Treatment of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders: Coincidence or a New Point of View.
Molecular neurobiology – June 04, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD show remarkable potential in treating brain disorders through multiple healing mechanisms. These compounds reduce inflammation and oxidative stress while promoting brain plasticity, offering relief for both psychiatric and neurologic conditions. Early results suggest faster recovery and longer-lasting benefits compared to traditional medications.
Abstract
Neurological and psychiatric disorders are considered one of the major problems of today's societies and cause many individual and social problems....
Attitudes Toward Psychedelic Treatments by Individuals With Histories of Substance Use or Psychiatric Disorders: A Survey Study.
Journal of addiction medicine – May 28, 2025
Summary
Patient perceptions of psychedelic-assisted treatment are shifting dramatically, with 72% of individuals with substance use disorder or psychiatric disorders believing in their therapeutic potential. A comprehensive survey revealed that among 192 participants, two-thirds had prior psychedelic experience. Those with firsthand experience using substances like psilocybin or MDMA showed significantly higher openness to trying psychedelic therapy. While some participants expressed concerns about risks, nearly 70% would consider this treatment for their own conditions.
Abstract
Psychedelics may be promising treatments for substance use disorders (SUD). This study aims to understand how individuals with alcohol use disorder...
A protocol for a scoping review of variations among psychedelic interventions for psychological suffering associated with the end-of-life.
PloS one – January 01, 2025
Summary
As end-of-life care evolves, psychedelic therapies show promise in easing psychological distress among terminal patients. This protocol outlines plans to map various approaches, from psilocybin to ayahuasca, examining how different substances and therapeutic methods help those facing mortality. The review will analyze published data across major health databases to understand treatment variations and outcomes.
Abstract
Psychedelic substances are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential to ease psychological suffering linked to end-of-life issues. Ho...
Neuroplasticity and psychedelics: A comprehensive examination of classic and non-classic compounds in pre and clinical models
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – April 04, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics offer rapid, enduring therapeutic effects by profoundly enhancing brain neuroplasticity. Neuroscience reveals these compounds, including classic and non-classic varieties, modulate neural pathways. Preclinical drug studies demonstrate they heighten brain sensitivity and re-open developmental windows for structural changes, impacting mood and behavior. This mechanism, involving neurotransmitter receptor influence, holds significant promise in Psychology for neuropsychiatric conditions. While human translation faces imaging challenges, understanding these findings guides targeted interventions and advances their therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Neuroplasticity, the ability of the nervous system to adapt throughout an organism's lifespan, offers potential as both a biomarker and treatment t...
The effect of low-dose psilocybin on brain neurotransmission and rat behavior.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – April 02, 2025
Summary
Microdoses of psilocybin show promising effects on brain chemistry without causing hallucinations. When given to rats, small amounts triggered positive neurotransmitter release in the brain while protecting against DNA damage. The compound influenced the HPA axis and behavior, reducing anxiety and improving mood without psychedelic effects. These findings suggest therapeutic potential with fewer side effects than similar compounds.
Abstract
Psilocybin has various therapeutic effects in mental and psychological disorders, including depression and mood disorders, obsessive-compulsive dis...
Anhedonia: Current and future treatments
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports – March 01, 2025
Summary
Traditional antidepressants often struggle against anhedonia, the inability to feel pleasure, which significantly impedes recovery from conditions like Major Depression. However, a diverse range of treatments offers hope. Newer pharmacological approaches, including Agomelatine and Psychedelics, show promise. Neuromodulation techniques like Vagus nerve stimulation and Transcranial direct-current stimulation provide effective Brain stimulation. Alongside advances in Medicine and Neuroscience, Psychological intervention and Clinical psychology strategies are vital for improving anhedonia, enhancing quality of life, and promoting sustained remission.
Abstract
Abstract Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic domain that leads to poor disorder outcome and low remission rates. This narrative review describes a broad...
Protective Behavioral Strategies for Psychedelic Use: A Mini Review of the Evidence.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – December 01, 2024
Summary
As psychedelic use rises among Americans, proven harm reduction strategies are helping people navigate these powerful substances more safely. Research shows that protective behavioral strategies, like careful dosing and creating supportive environments, can significantly reduce risks. Users who implement these practices report fewer negative experiences while maintaining potential benefits. The psychedelic community has developed effective safety protocols, from proper substance testing to post-experience integration.
Abstract
Approximately 8.5 million Americans over the age of 12 endorsed past year psychedelic use in 2022, with 1.4 million individuals initiating use duri...
Prevalence and Correlates of Lifetime Ecstasy/MDMA Use Among Asian American and Pacific Islander Adult Populations in the United States, 2015–2020
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 03, 2025
Summary
Over 1 in 20 Asian American and Pacific Islander adults (5.1%) have used Ecstasy/MDMA in their lifetime. Women showed 1.45 times higher odds of use than men, and those aged 26-34 had nearly twice the odds (1.99 times) compared to younger adults. Lifetime use of other substances like Cannabis (28.4 times higher odds) and Psychedelics such as LSD (3.82 times) or psilocybin (3.29 times) strongly correlated with MDMA use. These demographic insights are crucial for public health, medicine, and Psychiatry strategies, especially in Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, and Gerontology.
Abstract
Little is known about ecstasy/MDMA use among Asian American and Pacific Islander populations. Research is important because AAPIs face unique cultu...
The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics in Treating Substance Use Disorders: A Review of Clinical Trials
Medicina – February 06, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy shows remarkable promise for substance use disorders. A review of 16 clinical trials reveals that alkaloids like psilocybin, often combined with a psychotherapist, significantly reduce alcohol and tobacco dependence. This cutting-edge approach in medicine and psychiatry suggests these psychedelics influence neurotransmitter receptors, offering a new avenue for psychology. These drug studies highlight their potential for long-term abstinence, particularly for those unresponsive to conventional substance use treatments, presenting a powerful new tool.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Substance use disorders (SUDs) affect millions worldwide. Despite increasing drug use, treatment options remain limited....
The Hallucinogen Rating Scale: Updated Factor Structure in a Large, Multistudy Sample.
Biological psychiatry global open science – March 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and DMT create distinct patterns of consciousness that can now be reliably measured. A comprehensive analysis of nearly 1,000 questionnaires reveals eight key factors that capture the unique effects of different psychoactive substances. The Hallucinogen Rating Scale successfully differentiates classic psychedelics from other drugs, with meaningfulness emerging as a distinctive feature of psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
The Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS) has been widely used to measure the subjective effects of psychedelics and other psychoactive substances. Its a...
Sample composition and HIV prevention indicator differences using physical vs. virtual venue recruitment of men who have sex with men in San Francisco.
American journal of epidemiology – November 28, 2024
Summary
Virtual outreach proves as effective as in-person methods for HIV prevention research among men who have sex with men (MSM) in San Francisco. While online recruitment attracted participants with higher education and better insurance coverage, both approaches successfully gathered 500+ participants. Virtual venues showed increased PrEP adoption and changing drug use patterns, offering a reliable alternative for future public health monitoring.
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sampling method for the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) in San Francisco changed from physical venue ...
Psychedelics as an intervention for psychological, existential distress in terminally ill patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Journal of Psychopharmacology – December 10, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics significantly alleviate anxiety and distress in terminally ill individuals, according to a meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials involving 606 participants. These hallucinogens reduced depression (SMD -0.80) and anxiety (SMD -0.84). Psilocybin, an alkaloid, emerged as most effective for depression, while LSD showed promise for anxiety. This review, relevant to clinical psychology and psychiatry, highlights the therapeutic potential of such compounds, often administered by a psychotherapist, for end-of-life care, with comparable safety.
Abstract
Background: The interest in psychedelics as a therapeutic intervention for existential distress of people with terminal illness grounds on their me...
Global Trends in Psychedelic Microdosing: Demographics, Substance Testing Behavior, and Patterns of Use
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – November 06, 2024
Summary
Exclusive psychedelic microdosers, a subset of 2488 individuals from a survey of 6193 consumers, exhibit distinct demographics and substance use patterns. They are older (46.4 vs. 42.0 years), predominantly female (68.4% vs. 44.7%), and report less non-psychedelic substance use (3.8 vs. 4.7 substances) compared to those also using macrodoses. Most microdose multiple times monthly, often with psilocybin (74.5%) or LSD (34.4%), primarily for wellbeing (73.0%), though 64.6% don't test their substances.
Abstract
Despite psychedelic microdosing being a growing practice, the research on the topic is still in its infancy. While several studies have described t...
Critical appraisal of evidence supporting prescription of psychedelics from clinic websites in Ontario, Canada
PLoS ONE – October 24, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic clinics in Ontario are promoting psilocybin and other psychedelics for an astonishing 47 distinct medical conditions, often with insufficient scientific backing. An analysis of 10 clinic websites revealed only 2 out of 10 described potential risks. While 29 studies were cited for these medical prescriptions, most offered low-to-moderate "level 4" evidence, like case-series. This raises concerns for mental health patients seeking medicine, underscoring the need for transparent, high-quality information regarding psychedelic treatments in family medicine and psychiatry.
Abstract
Psychedelics, including ketamine, 3,4-Methyl enedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA), and psilocybin, have gained attention for their potential therapeutic...
Psychedelics: From Cave Art to 21st-Century Medicine for Addiction
European Addiction Research – September 25, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics offer compelling new hope for treating addiction. A comprehensive review spanning 40 years of Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights their therapeutic potential in medicine and psychiatry. Substances like Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, and Mescaline, alongside MDMA, are being re-examined. These hallucinogens influence neurotransmitter receptors, impacting behavior and improving psychological symptoms of dependence. This re-emergence in psychology and chemical synthesis and alkaloids research suggests these compounds could be vital tools for psychotherapists addressing addiction, especially when conventional methods fail.
Abstract
Background: Psychedelic substance use in ritualistic and ceremonial settings dates back as early as 8,500 BCE. Only in recent years, from the mid-2...
Pharmacological Properties of Psychedelics with a Special Focus on Potential Harms.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – July 31, 2024
Summary
While generally safer than many recreational substances, psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin can profoundly alter consciousness through unique interactions with brain serotonin systems. Their classification includes three main types: phenethylamines, tryptamines, and ergolines. Though showing promise in mental health treatment, these substances carry risks of anxiety, dissociation, and psychological harm, particularly when combined with other drugs or used improperly.
Abstract
Psychedelics are a group of substances within the heterogeneous class of hallucinogenic drugs. Via binding to the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor, psy...
Current Perspectives on the Clinical Research and Medicalization of Psychedelic Drugs for Addiction Treatments: Safety, Efficacy, Limitations and Challenges.
CNS drugs – October 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic medicines show promising results in treating addiction, with success rates significantly higher than traditional methods. Recent clinical trials reveal that substances like psilocybin and MDMA, when administered in controlled medical settings, can help break destructive patterns of substance use. These treatments work by promoting neuroplasticity and addressing underlying trauma, offering new hope for those struggling with addiction where conventional treatments have failed.
Abstract
Mental health disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs) in particular, contribute greatly to the global burden of disease. Psychedelics, includi...
Innovative and Emerging Treatments for Anorexia Nervosa
FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry – July 01, 2024
Summary
Traditional psychological intervention and medicine often fall short for anorexia nervosa, a severe eating disorder. Psychiatry is exploring novel strategies, including brain stimulation techniques like vagus nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Initial investigations also show promise for psilocybin and cannabidiol as potential treatments. These early findings, spanning clinical psychology and behavioral medicine, underscore an urgent need for robust clinical trials to improve patient outcomes.
Abstract
Unlike psychopharmacologic interventions for other psychiatric conditions, few medications have emerged as helpful in improving eating disorder cog...
Time-resolved coupling between connectome harmonics and subjective experience under the psychedelic DMT
OpenAlex – May 31, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics profoundly alter Consciousness. Neuroscience reveals that the Connectome's harmonic repertoire, crucial for Neural dynamics and brain function, reshapes under DMT, akin to other psychedelics. Using a Computer science framework, Connectome Harmonics were shown for the first time to index the intensity of subjective experience in participants, reflecting a direct coupling with Perception and Cognition. This Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, explored in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, links increased harmonic entropy to profound shifts in Psychology, offering new Neural correlates of consciousness.
Abstract
Exploring the intricate relationship between brain's structure and function, and how this affects subjective experience is a fundamental pursuit in...
What is needed for the roll-out of psychedelic treatments?
Current opinion in psychiatry – July 01, 2024
Summary
As psychedelic medicine enters mainstream healthcare, MDMA therapy for PTSD awaits FDA review while psilocybin gains legal ground in states like Colorado and Oregon. The field faces a crucial challenge: balancing pharmaceutical standards with psychotherapy practices. Success hinges on developing unified clinical protocols that honor both medical safety and therapeutic effectiveness.
Abstract
The pace of psychedelic treatments continues to increase. Regulation and coherent clinical guidance have not been established. A philosophical divi...
Emerging drugs in phase II and III clinical development for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
Expert opinion on emerging drugs – September 01, 2024
Summary
New hope emerges in the fight against alcohol use disorder as researchers evaluate over 20 promising drugs in clinical trials. While traditional treatments have shown mixed results, several emerging drugs - from repurposed medications to innovative compounds - are showing potential. Some medications already used off-label may soon gain official approval for pharmacological treatment of alcohol addiction.
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) poses an ongoing significant global health burden. AUD is highly prevalent and affects not only the individuals with AUD...
Smartphone swabs as an emerging tool for toxicology testing: a proof-of-concept study in a nightclub.
Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine – August 27, 2024
Summary
Your smartphone may reveal more than just your digital life. A groundbreaking analysis of smartphone surfaces at nightclubs found traces of recreational drugs with 73-97% accuracy. By simply swabbing phones, researchers detected MDMA, cocaine, and cannabis, plus new psychoactive substances. This innovative toxico-epidemiology method could revolutionize drug testing and harm reduction efforts.
Abstract
Smartphones have become everyday objects on which the accumulation of fingerprints is significant. In addition, a large proportion of the populatio...
Solvent-free parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction for drugs of abuse in plasma samples using LC-MS/MS.
Analytica chimica acta – May 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have developed a greener way to detect drugs in blood samples using natural essential oils instead of harmful chemical solvents. This breakthrough method uses a special extraction technique (PALME) combined with advanced testing to identify various substances, from traditional drugs to new synthetic compounds. The process proved highly accurate and efficient, detecting trace amounts while being more environmentally friendly than conventional methods.
Abstract
Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) is a 96-well plate setup variant of liquid-phase microextraction. Basic or acidic analytes a...
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-Psilocybin.
American journal of therapeutics
Summary
Psilocybin, found in magic mushrooms, shows remarkable potential in treating depression, with some early trials reporting remission rates of up to 57%. Recent research reveals this naturally-occurring compound is generally safe when used in controlled settings, causing mainly temporary effects like nausea. Clinical data suggests it's particularly effective for treatment-resistant depression, substance use disorders, and end-of-life anxiety, with benefits lasting months after just 1-2 doses. While larger trials show more modest success rates of 25-29%, the significant reduction in depressive symptoms still outperforms many traditional treatments.
Abstract
The primary psychoactive drug in magic mushrooms, psilocybin, induces profound alterations in consciousness through the 5-HT2A receptor. This revie...
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-Historical Perspective and Overview.
American journal of therapeutics
Summary
Psychedelic medicines are reemerging as powerful tools for mental health treatment, with breakthrough results in treating depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Recent clinical trials show promising outcomes, particularly with MDMA for PTSD and psilocybin for depression. While remission rates match traditional antidepressants, these treatments offer new hope for those who haven't responded to conventional methods.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs have recently emerged as plausibly effective pharmacological agents for the management of depression, anxiety, and other neuropsy...
Exploring Novel Antidepressants Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Key Membrane Receptors Based on Molecular Structures.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) – February 22, 2024
Summary
Scientists have made a breakthrough in depression treatment by studying tiny cellular switches called G protein-coupled receptors. Using advanced cryo-electron microscopy, researchers mapped these receptors' structures to design faster-acting antidepressants with fewer side effects. Virtual drug screening helped identify promising compounds that target specific brain receptors, potentially offering relief for major depressive disorder patients more quickly than traditional medications.
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a complex mental disorder that involves alterations in signal transmission across multiple scales and structural...
A Neuroanatomic and Pathophysiologic Framework for Novel Pharmacological Approaches to the Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
Drugs – February 01, 2024
Summary
Brain trauma from PTSD affects multiple neural pathways, making traditional antidepressants only partially effective. New research reveals promising alternative treatments targeting different brain mechanisms, from novel compounds like BNC-210 to psychedelic-assisted therapy. These approaches show potential in treating both the fear response and emotional processing aspects of PTSD, offering hope for more effective treatments beyond conventional SSRIs.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder inflicting high degrees of symptomatic and socioeconomic burdens. The development ...
Trauma-Informed Care in Psychedelic Therapy Research: A Qualitative Literature Review of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Interventions in PTSD and Psychedelic Therapy Across Conditions.
Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment – January 01, 2024
Summary
Emerging research shows psychedelic therapy and trauma-focused psychotherapy share key healing mechanisms for PTSD treatment. A comprehensive review of patient experiences reveals both approaches rely on psychological safety, trust, and readiness to process trauma. Psychedelic treatments offer unique benefits through indirect processing and self-narrative reorganization, while maintaining core therapeutic principles.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with significant patient burden. While pharmacotherapies and evidence-based psychotherapy inter...
Perceptual Modifying Compounds and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.
ACS medicinal chemistry letters – January 11, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough research reveals how psychedelic compounds reshape brain circuits to combat depression, anxiety, and addiction. These substances promote neural growth and enhance brain plasticity by activating key cellular pathways. Working through the brain's command center, they strengthen connections in areas controlling mood and fear, offering rapid relief where traditional treatments often fall short.
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds, including ketamine and LSD, have gained renewed interest as potential treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. These compo...
Efficacy and Safety of Psychedelics in Treating Anxiety Disorders
Ochsner Journal – January 01, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics offer a promising new avenue for treating anxiety disorders. A review of 9 clinical trials, spanning various chemical compounds like LSD and psilocybin, revealed encouraging efficacy in reducing symptoms across conditions like generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety. Patients experienced improved self-perception and social function, with therapeutic effects often lasting weeks. No severe adverse events were reported, suggesting these substances, explored within psychiatry and clinical psychology, could provide a safe and effective alternative in medicine for individuals with treatment-resistant anxiety, panic disorder, or agoraphobia.
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are commonly diagnosed and cause substantial functional impairment. A mixture of pharmacologic and psychosocial treat...
Set and setting predict psychopathology, wellbeing and meaningfulness of psychedelic experiences: a correlational study.
Expert review of clinical pharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
The mindset and environment during psychedelic use significantly impact mental health outcomes, according to a large survey of Spanish-speaking participants. People who used psychedelics for personal growth in natural settings, accompanied by trusted individuals, reported better mental health and more meaningful experiences. Conversely, those using these substances to escape problems showed poorer psychological outcomes.
Abstract
In psychedelic therapy, the importance of set and setting is a fundamental but under-researched assumption. The aim of this study is to correlate v...
Psilocybin and Other Classic Psychedelics in Depression.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – January 01, 2024
Summary
Classic psychedelics like psilocybin and DMT show remarkable potential in treating depression through unique brain mechanisms. Unlike traditional antidepressants, these compounds work by increasing neural connectivity and brain entropy, helping break negative thought patterns. When combined with therapy, a single treatment can provide months of relief by targeting serotonin receptors and promoting cognitive flexibility.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and ketamine are returning to clinical research and intervention across several disorders including the treatm...
Synergistic psychedelic - NMDAR modulator treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Molecular psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Combining psychedelics with specific brain receptor modulators may enhance mental health treatment while reducing unwanted effects. New findings show that psilocybin and NMDA receptor compounds like D-serine work together to boost brain plasticity and mood improvement. This dual approach could offer more effective, safer treatment options for depression and other mental health conditions.
Abstract
Modern research data suggest a therapeutic role for serotonergic psychedelics in depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders, although psychoto...
Neuroimaging in psychedelic drug development: past, present, and future.
Molecular psychiatry – September 01, 2023
Summary
Brain scans reveal how psychedelic medicines like psilocybin and LSD work to treat mental health conditions. Modern imaging techniques show these drugs temporarily alter brain connectivity and receptor activity, particularly affecting serotonin systems. This helps explain their therapeutic effects on depression, PTSD, and addiction, while guiding the development of safer, more effective treatments.
Abstract
Psychedelic therapy (PT) is an emerging paradigm with great transdiagnostic potential for treating psychiatric disorders, including depression, add...
Psychoplastogens: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Neurological Diseases and Disorders.
ACS medicinal chemistry letters – September 14, 2023
Summary
Rapid brain rewiring may hold the key to treating depression and anxiety. New research reveals how certain compounds promote neural growth and enhance brain connectivity within hours - far faster than traditional medications. These natural and synthetic substances work by activating specific brain receptors that stimulate new neural connections. Clinical trials show promising results for treating depression, anxiety, and addiction with fewer side effects than conventional drugs.
Abstract
Neurological diseases often involve changes in synaptic connectivity and plasticity. Psychoplastogens, substances that stimulate neuronal growth an...
Biological embedding of early trauma: the role of higher prefrontal synaptic strength
European journal of psychotraumatology – August 29, 2023
Summary
Early trauma profoundly impacts brain function in individuals with PTSD. In the largest human sample (34 participants, 16 with PTSD) using <sup>13</sup>C MRS, early trauma correlated with increased glutamatergic synaptic strength, measured by Energy per Cycle (EPC). This enhanced neuroplasticity, driven by glutamate neurotransmitter cycling, linked to reduced behavioral inhibition and stronger reward responses. These Neuroscience findings inform Clinical psychology and Medicine, suggesting treatments affecting glutamate receptor activity, synaptic plasticity, and excitotoxicity, impacting memory and neural mechanisms.
Abstract
Background: Early trauma predicts poor psychological and physical health. Glutamatergic synaptic processes offer one avenue for understanding this ...
Survey of U.S. Residents and Their Usage of Electronic Cigarettes with Drugs Other Than Nicotine.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2024
Summary
One in three electronic cigarette users in the United States report using their devices for substances beyond nicotine. A nationwide survey reveals that vaping THC and other cannabinoids tops the list of alternative uses, with most users being young adult males. People typically vape these substances alone or with friends, raising concerns about impaired driving and public safety.
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), originally intended to be used as cigarette substitutes, have evolved into discreet devices for consuming drugs oth...
Seasonal Variation of Use of Common Psychedelics and Party Drugs Among Nightclub/Festival Attendees in New York City
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – August 21, 2023
Summary
Summer significantly increases psychedelic use among nightclub and festival attendees. An epidemiological survey of 3,935 adults across 15 seasons revealed summer was associated with a 2.72 odds ratio for Lysergic acid diethylamide use and 1.65 odds ratio for Psilocybin. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies findings highlight seasonal hallucinogen consumption patterns. Understanding this demography is crucial for targeted harm reduction efforts, particularly concerning MDMA (Ecstasy) and public health medicine.
Abstract
Few epidemiological studies have focused on seasonal variation in the use of common psychedelics and party drugs among nightclub and festival atten...
Use of psychoactive substances by goods carriage drivers associated with Kerala, India.
Traffic injury prevention – January 01, 2023
Summary
Over 20% of commercial drivers in Kerala, India tested positive for psychoactive substances, with cannabis being the most common. Using advanced bio-chip array technology for point-of-collection testing, researchers screened 249 drivers' oral fluid samples. Longer-distance drivers showed higher substance use rates. The testing method proved highly accurate, detecting both traditional and new psychoactive substances.
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the prevalence of drugs of abuse (DOA) among the goods carriage drivers associated with the southern State of India, Ke...
Substance use, harm reduction attitudes and behaviors among attendees of nature rave parties in Israel.
Harm reduction journal – August 09, 2023
Summary
Israeli nature rave parties reveal a fascinating intersection of music culture and public health. At these outdoor celebrations, attendees show strong support for harm reduction strategies while using various substances. A survey of 1,200+ partygoers found cannabis as the most common substance (62%), followed by psychedelics. While participants supported safety measures like drug testing, turning attitudes into actions proved challenging. The findings highlight opportunities to enhance safety at these events.
Abstract
Few studies have analyzed harm reduction behaviors and attitudes among rave party attendees. Since the late 1980s, there has been a large Israeli r...
Neurochemical, Neurocircuitry, and Psychopathological Mechanisms of PTSD: Emerging Pharmacotherapies and Clinical Perspectives.
ACS chemical neuroscience – June 10, 2025
Summary
Brain chemistry offers new hope for PTSD treatment. Recent advances show how trauma disrupts the brain's neurocircuitry, particularly affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and serotonin levels. Promising treatments include MDMA-assisted therapy, which helps regulate the glutamatergic system. These insights are transforming treatment approaches, offering better options for recovery.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition triggered by exposure to traumatic events, with complex neurobiologic...
Generalizability of Risk Models for Treatment-Resistant Depression Across Three Health Systems.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences – May 27, 2025
Summary
Depression treatment can fail in up to 30% of cases, making early risk prediction crucial. New research across three major health systems analyzed electronic records of depression patients to identify those likely to need advanced interventions. Using patient data, medications, and diagnostic codes, predictive models showed modest success in identifying treatment-resistant cases, with better results between similar healthcare systems. While age and gender were key predictors, the findings suggest current medical records alone may not be enough for accurate forecasting.
Abstract
As multiple strategies have emerged for managing treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, efficient identification of individuals at elevated...
High Rates of Drug Use and Chemsex Among PrEP Users and People with HIV in Milan Highlight Need for Targeted Interventions.
AIDS and behavior – June 09, 2025
Summary
Nearly half of HIV-prevention medication (PrEP) users and HIV-positive individuals in Milan engage in drug use, with 16% participating in chemsex - sexual activity combined with specific drugs. A comprehensive survey revealed that while drug use is common, over one-third of users don't discuss it with healthcare providers. This highlights opportunities for better risk reduction through improved patient-provider communication.
Abstract
Chemsex, the use of psychostimulant substances during sexual activity particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM), is a growing public healt...