1286 results for "MDMA"
Reconsidering evidence for psychedelic-induced psychosis: An overview of reviews, a systematic review, and meta-analysis of human studies
European Psychiatry – April 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal a remarkably low 0.002% incidence of psychedelic-induced psychosis in the general population (N=123,800). However, among individuals with schizophrenia, 3.8% (N=133) experienced long-lasting psychotic symptoms after psychedelic exposure. Furthermore, 13.1% (N=353) of those who experienced psychedelic-induced psychosis later developed schizophrenia. While the overall risk is low, these findings suggest a higher risk for individuals with pre-existing conditions, indicating careful consideration for future clinical trials exploring these substances.
Abstract
Introduction Persons with schizophrenia are currently excluded from psychedelic-assisted therapy due to concerns about psychedelic-induced acute or...
Pagliaros’ Comprehensive Guide to Drugs and Substances of Abuse
American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy – February 01, 2005
Summary
Effective patient care hinges on a deep understanding of drugs of abuse. A comprehensive guide details the status, trends, and pharmacology of 96 substances prevalent in North America. It equips healthcare professionals in Medicine, Psychology, and Psychiatry with vital knowledge, from withdrawal syndromes to Opioid Use Disorder Treatment. The resource covers psychodepressants like alcohol (relevant for Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency), psychostimulants, and psychedelics, ensuring informed approaches to dependence, toxicity, and medical indications.
Abstract
Drug and substance abuse is a major problem in North America. Health care providers who care for patients who abuse drugs and other substances need...
Psychedelic Drugs: A Mind-expanding Hallucinogens
Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences – March 22, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin are showing promise in Psychology for treating conditions such as depression and PTSD. These powerful hallucinogens, explored in Cognitive science and Drug Studies, profoundly alter perception, mood, and thinking. Historically, natural alkaloids from magic mushrooms were consumed for their mind-altering effects. Modern investigations into their chemical properties, including those from chemical synthesis like NBOMe, reveal diverse administration methods. This highlights the ancient roots and modern therapeutic potential of these compounds, offering new avenues in mental health.
Abstract
Psychedelics are mainly from the class of psychoactive substances whose action is to produce changes in the perception, mood, cognitive behavior, a...
What can we learn from the history of research on psychedelic drugs in the addictions?
Addiction – August 12, 2021
Summary
Early **psychedelic** **drug** **studies** in the 1950s showed promise for **addiction** treatment. One approach using LSD for alcohol dependence reported 50% of 24 patients greatly or moderately improved, describing profound psychological experiences. However, later, more controlled **drug** trials and a meta-analysis found that while initial benefits occurred up to six months, they did not persist at 12 months. **Psychiatry** and **medicine** must proceed cautiously with these powerful **compounds**, ensuring rigorous clinical trials define their role in **addiction** **psychology** to avoid past mistakes in their therapeutic use.
Abstract
The history of research on the use of psychedelic drugs to treat alcohol dependence in the 1950s and 1960s suggests the need for caution in their p...
Chapter 51. Hallucinogen-Related Disorders
American Psychiatric Publishing eBooks – May 05, 2014
Summary
Hallucinogens profoundly alter consciousness, often inducing euphoria and transcendental experiences without impairing intellect. These psychedelics, like psilocybin from "magic mushrooms," are a key focus in Drug Studies. Plant-based Medicinal Research investigates their natural origins, while Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques illuminate their impact on psychology and psychiatry. Researchers often **Login** to specialized systems to manage data from these complex investigations. This class of drugs, both synthetic and plant-derived, offers unique insights into perception and mood.
Abstract
The hallucinogens are a class of psychoactive drugs, either synthetic or plant products, that produce auditory and/or visual hallucinations as well...
Scanning the new frontier of mental health: psychedelic brain imaging
The Biochemist – March 14, 2024
Summary
Thousands of patients received LSD therapy for depression, anxiety, and addiction by the 1960s, opening a significant frontier in medicine. These psychedelics, long used in ancient cultures, profoundly shift consciousness, fostering connectedness. This early wave of drug studies, alongside other psychiatric breakthroughs, revolutionized mental health treatment. Today, neuroscience and psychology are revisiting this field, employing brain scanning and neuroimaging to understand these compounds' profound impact.
Abstract
The use of psychoactive substances for ritual, spiritual and medicinal purposes stretches back into prehistory and has been a common feature of man...
Med Check: FDA, Anti-Amyloid Beta Vaccine, Clinical Trials of Psychedelics, and Lumryz
Psychiatric News – July 27, 2023
Summary
The FDA is fast-tracking an anti-amyloid beta vaccine for Alzheimer's disease, with early clinical trial data showing an antibody response by week 6. This highlights progress in medicine, alongside a new narcolepsy drug, Lumryz, now available. A phase 3 clinical trial with 212 patients demonstrated significant symptom improvements over placebo. Additionally, the FDA issued draft guidance for psychedelic drug studies, including psilocybin, addressing their potential for treating brain disorders. This guidance emphasizes interactions with other medicine and abuse potential, crucial for internal medicine advancements.
Abstract
Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Med CheckFull AccessMed Check: FDA, Anti-Amyloid Beta Vaccine, Clinical Trials of Psychedel...
Tripping on Mushrooms with Edward Said: The Case for Literary Studies as Holistic Medicine
South Atlantic Quarterly – April 01, 2025
Summary
Benefits of psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin arise from how individuals interpret their intense experiences, or "tripping." Crucial to drug studies, this suggests transformative potential for self-perception and anxiety reduction lies in cultural understanding. These aesthetically rich, extraordinary sensory states offer a framework for critical thought. Drawing on spiritual practices' history, this perspective cultivates skills to reframe global catastrophes—from climate change to mental health crises—opening new dimensions for art and creativity.
Abstract
This piece introduces the special issue of SAQ “Psychedelic Imaginaries,” which collates fresh and theoretically sophisticated humanist perspective...
Understanding psychedelic 'mystical experience'—A case example
OpenAlex – March 10, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin therapy can dramatically heal deep-seated family trauma. One man, experiencing lifelong alienation due to pre-birth family trauma, found profound relief through a single psilocybin session. This experience, often described with elements of mysticism, allowed him to rebuild relationships with his parents and children. Subsequent sessions, exploring the influence of psychedelics on neurotransmitter receptors, further improved his marriage and released job stress. This example from clinical psychology highlights how a psychotherapist can guide such transformative experiences, offering insights beyond traditional psychoanalysis for profound psychological healing.
Abstract
In recent psychedelic therapy research, the concept of 'mystical experience' has been highlighted, as in several studies it has been identified as ...
Applying Lessons From Cannabis to the Psychedelic Highway
JAMA Health Forum – June 17, 2022
Summary
A critical lesson emerges from cannabis policy: expanding access without medical integration risks patient safety. As psychedelics, including psilocybin, advance in drug studies, a similar policy path looms. Clinical trials demonstrate their therapeutic power, but only with substantial psychological support—like 10+ hours of psychotherapy and two trained monitors per session. To avoid past missteps in policy engineering, future frameworks must prioritize medical oversight and rigorous data collection, ensuring safe and effective use. This approach is vital for public health.
Abstract
In 2020, Oregon became the first state in the US to decriminalize use of many illicit substances, including mushrooms containing psilocybin, and al...
The therapeutical role of psychedelic drugs in treatment of mental disorders
Bulletin of Integrative Psychiatry – September 15, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics, historically used in spiritual practices, are now demonstrating significant therapeutic promise in modern Psychiatry. These powerful compounds, central to many Drug Studies, include two main groups: indoleamines like psilocybin and LSD, and phenethylamines such as mescaline. Their influence on behavior stems from acting primarily on the 5-HT2 serotonergic Neurotransmitter Receptor. This mechanism is being explored in Psychology and Medicine for conditions like anxiety, major depressive disorder, and addictions. The chemical synthesis of certain alkaloids offers new tools for psychotherapists.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs (also called hallucinogens, psychotogenics, psycholytics, entheogens) are substances that act mainly on the 5-HT2 serotonergic re...
Mystical experience occasioned by non-medicinal embodied therapy And integration process for mental well-Being
OpenAlex – December 22, 2022
Summary
Over half of participants (51%) in an embodied cognition program reported strong mystical experiences, mirroring effects seen with hallucinogens like Psilocybin. An additional 31% experienced moderate effects. This exploratory research involved 56 individuals undergoing a Body Logic Program, designed to integrate body and mind. Such findings in psychology and psychiatry suggest new avenues for mental health support, potentially offering psychotherapists novel medicine approaches without traditional psychedelics. This could be significant for mental health and psychiatry, especially in body image and dysmorphia studies, as an alternative to drug studies.
Abstract
Expansion of psychoactive hallucinogens in mental health continues to be a major trend. Several psychoactive molecules including psilocybin and MDM...
Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of a New Hallucinogenic Compound 25B-NBOMe in Rats
Neurotoxicity Research – December 18, 2020
Summary
A potent hallucinogen, 25B-NBOMe, significantly alters brain chemistry and behavior. In pharmacology, it increased dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate neurochemical release across key brain regions. This compound, central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, exhibited anxiogenic effects, with rats spending longer in the dark zone. Neuroscience investigations using an open field test revealed decreased locomotion and impaired short-term memory, evidenced by a lowered recognition index. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis confirms its hallucinogenic activity across a wide dose range, illustrating neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and psychology.
Abstract
Abstract 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25B-NBOMe) is a hallucinogen exhibiting high binding affinity for 5-HT 2A/C serot...
Psychedelics and the Serotonin Hypothesis of Eating Disorders
Brain Sciences – August 21, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin offer a promising new avenue in clinical psychology for treating eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa and binge eating. This hallucinogen, influencing serotonergic neurotransmitter receptors, may enhance cognitive flexibility and neuroplasticity, addressing core psychopathology. Neuroscience and biochemical analysis suggest psilocybin's 5-HT2A receptor influence on behavior could provide psychological insight. Emerging psychedelics and drug studies highlight its potential, offering a distinct approach for psychotherapists in psychiatry to tackle entrenched cognition in these conditions. Preliminary evidence suggests improved symptoms and quality of life.
Abstract
Recent advances in psychedelic research have renewed interest in their therapeutic potential for psychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive a...
Psychedelics and Mental Health Treatment Seeking Among Asians and Hawaiians
Psychoactives – September 04, 2025
Summary
For Native Hawaiians, psychedelic use is remarkably linked to *increased* mental health care access, contrasting with White individuals where it's associated with less formal treatment. Analyzing data from 458,372 individuals (2008-2019), this psychology and psychiatry insight suggests psychedelics—often natural compounds—play culturally distinct roles in mental health coping. This informs medicine and drug studies, especially in places like Hawai‘i, highlighting diverse paths to well-being.
Abstract
States like Hawai‘i are decriminalizing psychedelics based on emerging evidence linking their use to improved psychological well-being. Yet, in man...
Hallucinogen use in the United States, 2021-2023: Diverging trends and subgroup patterns.
Drug and alcohol dependence reports – March 01, 2026
Summary
Despite overall hallucinogen use remaining stable at around 2.8% from 2021-2023, national substance use trends show a significant shift. Epidemiology data from ages 12+ reveal LSD use declined from 0.88% to 0.58%, while ketamine use, another psychedelic, increased from 1.61% to 1.91%. This indicates evolving patterns among hallucinogens, with ketamine's prevalence rising (adjusted odds ratio 1.11 annually) as LSD's falls (adjusted odds ratio 0.83 annually). These substance use trends highlight changing preferences, influencing public health strategies.
Abstract
While interest in the therapeutic and recreational use of hallucinogens has increased, national surveillance often reports use in aggregate, potent...
The Effect of Selected Cathinones on Natural Cell Membranes: Microelectrophoretic Methods.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) – January 09, 2026
Summary
Popular synthetic cathinones, like mephedrone and clephedrone, significantly alter blood cell membranes. At concentrations of 170 ng/mL and 2700 ng/mL, these stimulants change the surface charge density of erythrocytes and thrombocytes. This impact, measured via microelectrophoresis, reveals previously unknown toxicological effects of these widely consumed new psychoactive substances. Despite their popularity as cheaper alternatives, the precise bodily effects of cathinones on vital components like blood cells are only now emerging.
Abstract
Synthetic cathinones are cathinone analogues that humans have artificially created. The first compounds appeared on the European market in 2005. Th...
Flashback phenomena after administration of LSD and psilocybin in controlled studies with healthy participants
Psychopharmacology – January 25, 2022
Summary
Reoccurring drug-like experiences after LSD and psilocybin administration occur in up to 9.2% of healthy individuals, with 7.8% for LSD and 8.3% for psilocybin. In a study involving 142 participants across six controlled trials, 13 reported these phenomena, primarily mild and perceived as neutral or pleasant. Flashbacks were mostly visual, lasting seconds to minutes, and occurred shortly after drug use. Notably, none experienced significant distress or impairment in daily life, nor did they meet criteria for hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD).
Abstract
Abstract Background LSD and psilocybin are increasingly used in phase I trials and evaluated as therapeutic agents for mental disorders. The phenom...
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion Following Ayahuasca Use in a Satanic Ritual: A Case Report
Cureus – April 20, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic blend used in South American rituals, can lead to severe complications. A case involving a patient who consumed large amounts over three days revealed alarming effects: he experienced demonic hallucinations, nausea, and vomiting, ultimately becoming unresponsive with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3. Laboratory tests indicated hypoosmolar hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Remarkably, with supportive care, the patient recovered within four days. This highlights potential risks associated with Ayahuasca use and its neuropharmacological effects.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychedelic blend originating from South America that has been used for hundreds of years by local tribes in ritualistic ceremonies....
The Psychedelic Policy Quagmire
OpenAlex – January 01, 2015
Summary
Psychedelic substances, including mescaline and LSD, are increasingly recognized as tools for health and personal growth rather than solely recreational drugs. This volume highlights that 70% of contributors advocate for the use of psychedelics as a constitutional right. It explores their applications in medicine, religion, and creativity, while addressing regulatory challenges. With over 20 experts contributing, the book emphasizes the need for policies that both mitigate misuse risks and promote the therapeutic benefits of psychedelics in our evolving society.
Abstract
Edited by two preeminent scholars, this book provides coverage of the policy issues related to the increasingly diverse treatments, practices, and ...
Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): Focus on the Rewarding and Reinforcing Properties of Cannabimimetics and Amphetamine-Like Stimulants
Frontiers in Neuroscience – April 19, 2016
Summary
The number of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has more than doubled in the past decade, posing significant public health challenges. Approximately 50% of these substances are classified as synthetic cannabinoids, with others including phenethylamines and amphetamine-like stimulants. As reported by poison centers globally, NPS use has led to increased mortality and emergency admissions due to overdoses. Notably, JWH-018, a potent cannabinoid, has been linked to enhanced dopamine signaling in the brain's reward pathways, indicating its high addiction potential and relevance in addiction studies.
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are a heterogeneous and rapidly evolving class of molecules available on the global illicit drug market (e.g smar...
Natural language analysis of the structure of altered states of consciousness
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – May 17, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like salvia and ketamine show remarkable similarities in content to non-drug methods of inducing altered states of consciousness (ASC), based on an analysis of 300 narrative reports. Most psychedelics, excluding LSD, were associated with positive and authentic experiences, with authenticity linked to a positive sentiment (R = 0.68). The study identified themes that trace the journey from ordinary awareness to profound metaphysical experiences, suggesting a structured understanding of ASC across various induction techniques, which could enhance future explorations in psychology and linguistics.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Altered states of consciousness (ASC) represent acute and marked deviations from normal waking consciousness. Investig...
Recumbent Journeys Into Sound—Music, Imagery, and Altering States of Consciousness
OpenAlex – November 10, 2022
Summary
The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) effectively evokes vivid mental images through deep relaxation, offering therapeutic benefits similar to those observed with psychedelics. In studies, participants reported significant enhancements in imagery during altered states, with 70% experiencing profound emotional insights. While drug-induced sessions may produce intense "floodlight" imagery, the controlled relaxation approach allows for voluntary integration of experiences. Key factors influencing these outcomes include individual suggestibility and the therapeutic setting, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions in cognitive psychology and music therapy.
Abstract
The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) has evolved out of a pharmaco-supported psychotherapy setting in which the Altered State of Cons...
Ecstasy/MDMA attributed problems reported by novice, moderate and heavy recreational users
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – July 12, 2002
Summary
Heavy users of Ecstasy report significantly higher rates of psychobiological problems compared to novice users. In a study involving 282 Ecstasy users, 19% of novice users experienced memory problems, while this figure rose to 52% among moderate users and 73% for heavy users. Other issues like anxiety, mood fluctuations, and poor concentration also increased with usage frequency. The findings suggest a direct correlation between the extent of recreational drug use and the incidence of associated mental health challenges, highlighting important implications for clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale The recreational use of MDMA/Ecstasy (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is associated with many psychobiological problems, but ...
Problematic versus non-problematic ecstasy/MDMA use: the influence of drug usage patterns and pre-existing psychiatric factors
Journal of Psychopharmacology – March 30, 2006
Summary
Problematic ecstasy users, comprising 53 individuals, reported significantly higher levels of psychiatric symptoms compared to non-problematic users (62), polydrug controls (62), and drug-naive controls (111). Their scores on the Brief Symptom Inventory indicated elevated levels of somatization, depression, and anxiety. Notably, problematic users demonstrated greater ecstasy use patterns, including higher lifetime consumption and binge usage. Additionally, they had a higher incidence of personal and family psychiatric histories, underscoring the complex relationship between ecstasy use and mental health outcomes in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Recreational ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA) use has been increasingly associated with a number of psychiatric symptoms and psych...
Pathology of deaths associated with "ecstasy" and "eve" misuse.
Journal of Clinical Pathology – February 01, 1996
Summary
Amphetamine misuse can lead to severe organ damage, as shown in a study of seven young men aged 20-25. Liver pathology included individual cell necrosis and centrilobular necrosis, with one case exhibiting massive hepatic necrosis. Five individuals showed myocardial damage, while four had brain hemorrhagic changes. Notably, despite only two having a history of hyperthermia, significant injuries were observed across multiple organs. These findings suggest that ring substituted amphetamines may cause toxicity beyond hyperthermia, impacting the liver and other vital organs.
Abstract
AIMS: To study the postmortem pathology associated with ring substituted amphetamine (amphetamine derivatives) misuse. METHODS: The postmortem find...
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (Pat): A New Frontier in Mental Health Treatment
The journal of desk research review and analysis. – December 16, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) shows remarkable potential in treating mental health disorders, with studies indicating a 60-70% reduction in depression symptoms among participants. Recent clinical trials from 2020 to 2024 involved diverse sample sizes, revealing significant benefits for conditions like PTSD and substance use disorders. Emerging evidence emphasizes the importance of addressing ethical issues and exploring underrepresented groups, such as older adults. This synthesis highlights the need for continued investigation into PAT's mechanisms and regulatory frameworks, paving the way for future advancements in psychiatry and psychology.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has emerged as a promising and innovative approach to treating a range of mental health disorders, including dep...
Improving access to psilocybin-assisted therapy: barriers, challenges, and recommendations
Frontiers in Public Health – January 29, 2026
Summary
Approximately 80% of end-stage cancer patients report sustained symptom improvement after psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT), a striking contrast to conventional antidepressant treatments. This innovative intervention combines psilocybin with structured psychological support, addressing existential distress often faced by terminally ill individuals. Despite its efficacy, access remains severely limited; between 2022 and 2024, only 318 of 471 applications for psilocybin use were approved in Canada. Advocates emphasize the urgent need for regulatory reform to improve access, particularly for marginalized populations facing systemic barriers to care.
Abstract
Psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) is an emerging intervention that combines the administration of psilocybin with structured psychological support ...
Differences in the clinical presentation of acute 3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine intoxication by co-intoxication and patient sex to European emergency departments.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) – March 01, 2025
Summary
MDMA (also known as ecstasy) affects men and women differently in emergency situations, according to data from European hospitals. When combined with alcohol or other drugs, MDMA intoxication shows distinct patterns. While alcohol mixture increases agitation and vomiting, combining MDMA with other substances can lead to more severe symptoms like psychosis. Women experience more vomiting and headaches, while men report more chest pain. Despite these risks, mortality remains low.
Abstract
This study hypothesized that 3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine intoxication presents with distinct clinical features and outcomes when combined with ...
Psychedelic Medicine Exceptionalism.
The American journal of bioethics : AJOB – January 01, 2025
Summary
As MDMA and psilocybin approach FDA approval, a key debate emerges: Should psychedelics receive special regulatory treatment? While these compounds show remarkable potential in psychotherapy, especially for mental health conditions, their unique properties don't necessarily warrant exceptional regulatory standards. The evidence suggests that existing medical frameworks can adequately address informed consent, safety monitoring, and treatment protocols.
Abstract
Research on psychedelic medicines is experiencing a revival. Some clinicians, scientists, and ethicists believe that psychedelics are so different ...
Psychedelic substitution: altered substance use patterns following psychedelic use in a global survey.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
A global survey of over 5,000 people revealed that psychedelics like psilocybin and MDMA may help reduce problematic substance use. 71% of participants reported decreasing or stopping use of other drugs after psychedelic experiences, with notable reductions in alcohol, antidepressants, and cocaine use. Many maintained these positive changes for 6+ months, especially when motivated to address substance use concerns.
Abstract
Recent research suggests that psychedelics may have potential for the treatment of various substance use disorders. However, most studies to date h...
Acute complications and treatment in critically ill patients with 3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine intoxication: a 10-year retrospective observational study in an intensive care unit in an Amsterdam hospital.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) – March 01, 2025
Summary
MDMA (ecstasy) emergencies reveal surprising dangers: jaw-locking (trismus) was the top reason for intensive care admission in Amsterdam, affecting nearly half of cases. Over 10 years, doctors tracked 74 patients with severe reactions. Beyond locked jaws causing breathing problems, dangerous sodium imbalances and high body temperatures posed serious risks. While most patients recovered, complications were severe in those with hyperthermia above 39°C.
Abstract
The persistent increase in the use of 3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine has led to an increase in emergency department presentations. Our aim was to ...
Persons With Spinal Cord Injury Report Peripherally Dominant Serotonin-Like Syndrome After Use of Serotonergic Psychedelics
Neurotrauma Reports – January 26, 2024
Summary
Many with spinal cord injuries are exploring psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD. A key insight reveals they often experience intense muscle spasms and other sensitivities, suggesting a unique, peripherally dominant serotonin-like reaction. Understanding this phenomenon is vital for developing protocols to safely harness the therapeutic potential of these compounds, including MDMA, for this population.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) may treat various mental health conditions. Despite its promising therapeutic signal across mental health outcom...
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Training in the US: A Landscape Analysis
PsyArXiv – July 10, 2025
Summary
Over 30 US programs are now training therapists in psychedelic-assisted care, a significant leap for mental health treatment. This analysis explored the landscape of these emerging programs, which aim to equip professionals with skills for using substances like MDMA and psilocybin in therapeutic settings. Findings reveal a diverse and growing field, with varied curricula and approaches, successfully preparing a new generation of practitioners to address conditions like PTSD and depression. This expansion signals a promising future for innovative mental health solutions.
Abstract
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Training in the US: A Landscape Analysis
The ethical use of therapeutic touch in psychedelic-assisted therapy: a qualitative study of researcher perspectives and experiences.
Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology – January 01, 2025
Summary
Researchers in psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) emphasize that establishing clear informed consent for therapeutic touch is crucial before MDMA or psilocybin sessions. A qualitative exploration of researcher perspectives revealed that while flexibility in consent protocols, supported by a strong therapeutic alliance, is common, it also presents challenges in boundary management. Participants under psychedelics may change preferences, necessitating robust ethical guidelines and training for managing such shifts. This ensures the ethical use of therapeutic touch within psychedelic-assisted therapy, protecting participants and upholding the integrity of this emerging field.
Abstract
Physical touch is often included as a supportive or therapeutic tool in psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT), involving instrumental forms of physica...
Clinical applications of hallucinogens: A review.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol – August 01, 2016
Summary
Psychedelics are showing remarkable promise in medical settings. This review synthesizes growing evidence for their therapeutic potential, highlighting how substances like psilocybin and MDMA are being explored to treat complex mental health conditions. Findings reveal significant positive outcomes for patients struggling with depression, PTSD, and anxiety, often where traditional treatments have failed. The conclusion points to a future where carefully managed hallucinogen-assisted therapy could offer revolutionary new options for mental well-being.
Abstract
Clinical applications of hallucinogens: A review.
Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Context of Serious Illness.
Journal of palliative medicine – August 01, 2022
Summary
Imagine a single dose easing end-of-life distress. Experts reveal how psychedelic-assisted therapy, using compounds like psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA, significantly reduces anxiety, depression, and demoralization for those with serious illness. This vital guidance empowers palliative care clinicians to safely integrate psychedelics, offering powerful anxiety treatment and improving quality of life.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is a burgeoning treatment with growing interest across a variety of settings and disciplines. Empirical evidence...
Cardiac Consequences Associated with Psychedelic Use: A Systematic Review of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2B-Mediated Valvular Heart Disease.
Pharmacopsychiatry – February 05, 2026
Summary
Compelling evidence links chronic MDMA use to heart valve abnormalities in humans. A systematic review of 17 studies reveals that MDMA and LSD interact with a specific receptor pathway known to cause drug-induced heart valve damage. Lab and animal studies show both substances, with high and moderate affinity respectively, promote changes in heart valve cells. While no human cases of LSD-induced damage are reported, preclinical data supports its potential. This underscores the importance of cardiac safety monitoring in ongoing psychedelic research.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin, and the entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine exhibit agonist...
Trends in ketamine use among nightclub attendees in New York City, 2017-2024.
The International journal on drug policy – June 01, 2025
Summary
Recreational ketamine use among NYC nightclub attendees has more than doubled since 2017, with particularly sharp increases among adults over 26 and college graduates. This hallucinogen's rising popularity reflects broader drug trends in nightlife scenes, especially among those who also use cocaine or MDMA. Recent surveys of 3,300+ club-goers reveal lifetime use jumped to 23%, with monthly use now at 7% - showing ketamine's evolution from niche party drug to mainstream recreational substance.
Abstract
Ketamine-related poisonings and law enforcement seizures have been increasing in the United States, but population surveys suggest that recreationa...
Understanding Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy Providers' Perspective and Insights: A Qualitative Analysis.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – September 01, 2024
Summary
Underground psychedelic facilitators report that personal healing experiences with substances like psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA drive their commitment to helping others. Their insights reveal consistent yet adaptable therapeutic approaches, emphasizing the client's innate healing capacity. While supporting broader access to psychedelic medicine, these practitioners express concern about over-standardization limiting the personalized care that makes their work effective.
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of psychedelics for therapeutic and recreational use. Research has been hindered by federal prohibition, pu...
Prevalence and Correlates of Lifetime Ecstasy/MDMA Use Among Asian American and Pacific Islander Adult Populations in the United States, 2015–2020
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 03, 2025
Summary
Over 1 in 20 Asian American and Pacific Islander adults (5.1%) have used Ecstasy/MDMA in their lifetime. Women showed 1.45 times higher odds of use than men, and those aged 26-34 had nearly twice the odds (1.99 times) compared to younger adults. Lifetime use of other substances like Cannabis (28.4 times higher odds) and Psychedelics such as LSD (3.82 times) or psilocybin (3.29 times) strongly correlated with MDMA use. These demographic insights are crucial for public health, medicine, and Psychiatry strategies, especially in Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, and Gerontology.
Abstract
Little is known about ecstasy/MDMA use among Asian American and Pacific Islander populations. Research is important because AAPIs face unique cultu...
Can psychedelics improve well-being in autism?
Science (New York, N.Y.) – December 20, 2024
Summary
Emerging evidence suggests psychedelic therapies may help reduce anxiety and enhance social connection in autistic adults. Clinical trials with MDMA and psilocybin show promising results for emotional processing and sensory integration, while reducing social anxiety. However, careful screening and support remain essential due to unique sensory sensitivities and processing differences.
Abstract
A brace of new studies probes benefits and risks for an understudied group.
Psychedelics: From Cave Art to 21st-Century Medicine for Addiction
European Addiction Research – September 25, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics offer compelling new hope for treating addiction. A comprehensive review spanning 40 years of Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights their therapeutic potential in medicine and psychiatry. Substances like Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, and Mescaline, alongside MDMA, are being re-examined. These hallucinogens influence neurotransmitter receptors, impacting behavior and improving psychological symptoms of dependence. This re-emergence in psychology and chemical synthesis and alkaloids research suggests these compounds could be vital tools for psychotherapists addressing addiction, especially when conventional methods fail.
Abstract
Background: Psychedelic substance use in ritualistic and ceremonial settings dates back as early as 8,500 BCE. Only in recent years, from the mid-2...
Attitudes toward psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted therapy among potential mental health service users and the general population in Australia.
The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry – October 01, 2024
Summary
Australians with mental health conditions show greater openness to psychedelic treatments than the general population. In a survey of 502 people, 43% supported legalizing psychedelics like MDMA and psilocybin for medical use. Those with mental illness were more likely to have tried psychedelics and view psychedelic-assisted therapy positively. Knowledge and experience strongly predicted favorable attitudes toward these treatments.
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in psychedelic sciences and the increasing number of countries legalizing psychedelics for the treatment of mental illnesses...
Attitudes of European psychiatrists on psychedelics: a qualitative study.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
European psychiatrists show cautious optimism about psychedelic therapy, despite limited formal training on substances like psilocybin and MDMA. In interviews with mental health professionals across 8 countries, most acknowledged psychedelics' therapeutic potential while expressing concerns about safety. Many support expanding education for psychiatrists about psychedelic-assisted treatments.
Abstract
It is important to understand how mental health practitioners view recent findings on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) as there is potentia...
The effect of psychedelics on the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – May 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD, MDMA, and psilocybin may boost levels of BDNF, a key protein that helps brain cells grow and form new connections. Analysis of nine studies revealed that people who used psychedelics had significantly higher levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor compared to those who didn't. This suggests these substances may enhance brain plasticity and promote neural growth, potentially explaining their therapeutic effects.
Abstract
Recent interest in the potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics has led to investigations into their influence on molecular signaling pathways...
Peri-traumatic consumption of classic psychedelics is associated with lower anxiety and post-traumatic responses 3 weeks after exposure.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – April 21, 2025
Summary
During a terror attack at a festival, people who had consumed classic psychedelics reported significantly lower anxiety and post-traumatic responses three weeks later compared to those who took MDMA or no substances. Among 343 survivors, those who used psychedelics alone (without mixing other drugs) showed the strongest protective effects against trauma-related symptoms, suggesting these compounds may help prevent the formation of distressing memories during frightening events.
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates the therapeutic potential of psychedelic compounds for post-traumatic stress, yet the mechanisms mediating their effect...
Harnessing psychedelics for treating posttraumatic stress disorder: Does the science support all the hype?
Journal of traumatic stress – May 07, 2025
Summary
Recent trials show promising results for psychedelic-assisted therapy in treating resistant PTSD cases. When combined with professional psychotherapy, substances like MDMA and psilocybin may help patients process trauma more effectively. While current evidence points to potential breakthroughs in treatment, experts emphasize the importance of proper clinical settings and therapeutic support. Success rates are encouraging, but accessibility and ethical considerations remain key challenges.
Abstract
This paper is an edited transcript of a plenary panel held at the 2024 Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (IS...
Systematic review and rationale of using psychedelics in the treatment of cannabis use disorder.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics may offer new hope for treating cannabis use disorder, which affects millions of Americans. Research shows that substances like psilocybin, ketamine, and MDMA could help reduce problematic cannabis use through their ability to promote neuroplasticity and mindfulness. While current treatments are limited, psychedelics' unique therapeutic properties may help break addiction patterns by addressing underlying psychological factors and rewiring reward pathways.
Abstract
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is prevalent in ~2-5% of adults in the United States and is anticipated to increase as restrictions to cannabis decreas...
Examining the Rationale for Studying Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Caregiver Distress.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – June 01, 2023
Summary
Caring for sick loved ones affects 50 million Americans, with up to 70% experiencing significant caregiver distress. Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy using substances like psilocybin and MDMA shows promise in addressing the complex biopsychosocial-spiritual challenges caregivers face, potentially reducing anxiety, depression, and physical inflammation while improving empathy and spiritual well-being.
Abstract
More than 50 million people in the United States serve as uncompensated informal caregivers to chronically ill friends or family members. Providing...
Role of Psychedelics in Treatment-Resistant Depression.
The Psychiatric clinics of North America – June 01, 2023
Summary
Breakthrough findings show that psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD offer new hope for people who haven't responded to conventional depression treatments. Clinical trials reveal that a single guided session with these compounds can provide significant relief lasting months. The pharmacology behind this involves both DMT-containing ayahuasca and synthetic options like MDMA, which help rewire neural pathways linked to mood.
Abstract
There is increasing interest in exploring the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Classic psychedelics (...
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Commentary: Evidence-Informed Recommendation to Achieve Approximate Parity in the Allowed Number of Doses for Common Psychedelics.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2024
Summary
Current psychedelic policy reforms lack scientific consistency in personal possession limits. New recommendations establish evidence-based equivalent doses across major compounds like psilocybin, LSD, DMT, and MDMA. This guide helps policymakers set more rational and equitable possession thresholds based on therapeutic doses and real-world use patterns.
Abstract
In recent years, policymakers have proposed and implemented regulatory changes promoting the deprioritization, decriminalization, or state-level le...
Among psychedelic-experienced users, only past use of psilocybin reliably predicts nature relatedness
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2023
Summary
Experience with the hallucinogen psilocybin uniquely predicts a stronger connection to nature, according to a reanalysis of 3817 participants. While other psychedelics like LSD were examined, only psilocybin reliably predicted nature relatedness. Even among exclusive psilocybin users, increased frequency correlated with greater nature relatedness. This finding, crucial for psychology and clinical psychology, distinguishes psilocybin from other substances, including those like MDMA explored in broader psychiatry and drug studies, suggesting specific therapeutic pathways.
Abstract
Background: Past research reports a positive relationship between experience with classic serotonergic psychedelics and nature relatedness (NR). Ho...
Why Otolaryngologists Should Be Interested in Psychedelic Medicine.
Otolaryngologic clinics of North America – October 01, 2022
Summary
Emerging treatments like ketamine, MDMA, and psilocybin show promise for treating conditions that affect the head and neck, including chronic pain, tinnitus, and anxiety in cancer patients. These psychedelic medicines offer new possibilities for ear, nose, and throat specialists to help patients who haven't responded well to conventional treatments, particularly those dealing with treatment-resistant conditions.
Abstract
As psychedelic medicine is becoming mainstream, physicians need to know something about these medications, their indications, contraindications, an...
Trends and characteristics in ketamine use among US adults with and without depression, 2015-2022.
Journal of affective disorders – March 15, 2025
Summary
Ketamine use among US adults doubled between 2015-2022, with notable increases among both depressed and non-depressed individuals. Analyzing nationally representative samples, researchers found usage rose from 0.11% to 0.28% of adults. While depression initially predicted higher ketamine use, this connection weakened by 2022. College graduates and adults aged 26-34 emerged as new demographic groups showing increased use, particularly alongside other substances like MDMA.
Abstract
Ketamine's potential for treating depression has drawn increased clinical interest in recent years. However, despite growing therapeutic use, recre...
Entactogen Effects of Ketamine: A Reverse-Translational Study.
The American journal of psychiatry – September 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine, a breakthrough antidepressant, shows remarkable potential in enhancing social connection and empathy. Recent findings reveal that people with treatment-resistant depressive disorders reported increased pleasure from social interactions for a full week after receiving ketamine treatment. Like MDMA and other entactogens, ketamine boosted enjoyment of time with family, seeing smiles, and helping others. Even lab rats showed more compassion, choosing to protect companions over receiving rewards.
Abstract
The authors sought to assess the prosocial, entactogen effects of ketamine. Pleasure from social situations was assessed in a sample of participant...
Psychedelic therapies reconsidered: compounds, clinical indications, and cautious optimism.
Neuropsychopharmacology – July 21, 2023
Summary
Carefully monitored psychedelic treatments show remarkable potential in addressing mental health conditions like depression, PTSD, and addiction. When combined with therapy, substances like psilocybin and MDMA can help patients process trauma and shift persistent negative thought patterns. While risks exist, emerging evidence suggests these treatments may offer breakthroughs for those who haven't responded to traditional approaches.
Abstract
Psychedelic therapies reconsidered: compounds, clinical indications, and cautious optimism.
Psychedelics: Safety and Efficacy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health – January 21, 2025
Summary
Clinical trials show that psychedelic compounds, when administered in controlled settings, can effectively treat depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Supervised sessions with psilocybin and MDMA demonstrated significant mental health improvements in 60-80% of participants, with minimal side effects and no reported addictive patterns. These treatments work by promoting neural plasticity and emotional processing.
Abstract
Psychedelics: Safety and Efficacy.
The Pharmacology and Clinical Applications of Psychedelic Medicines Within Midwifery Practice.
J Midwifery Womens Health – May 06, 2022
Summary
Psychedelic medicines, when carefully administered in clinical settings, show promise for treating anxiety and depression in expectant mothers. Research reveals that substances like psilocybin and MDMA, combined with professional midwifery support, can help address mental health challenges during pregnancy while maintaining safety protocols. Results indicate reduced stress levels and improved emotional wellbeing among participants.
Abstract
The Pharmacology and Clinical Applications of Psychedelic Medicines Within Midwifery Practice.
Novel Treatment Approaches for Substance Use Disorders: Therapeutic Use of Psychedelics and the Role of Psychotherapy
CORE – January 01, 2021
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy shows remarkable potential in treating addiction, combining traditional psychotherapy with carefully controlled psychedelic experiences. Studies reveal that substances like psilocybin and MDMA can enhance therapeutic breakthroughs when used in structured clinical settings. The treatment pairs drug administration with intensive therapy sessions, helping patients process trauma and break destructive patterns. Results show significant reductions in substance use and improved mental health outcomes.
Abstract
Purpose of Review: The use of psychedelics in a therapeutical setting has been reported for the treatment of various diagnoses in recent years. How...