1286 results for "MDMA"
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: Are memory reconsolidation and fear extinction underlying mechanisms?
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – June 08, 2018
Summary
Imagine 68% of people achieving lasting remission from PTSD. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy offers this hope by potentially reshaping how the brain processes trauma. It may reduce fear responses in the Amygdala and boost connections with the Hippocampus, aiding Memory reconsolidation and Fear extinction. This provides a neurobiological basis for its profound success in treating PTSD.
Abstract
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD has recently progressed to Phase 3 clinical trials and received Breakthrough Therapy designation ...
Reduction in social anxiety after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with autistic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.
Psychopharmacology – November 01, 2018
Summary
Standard therapies for social anxiety in autistic adults often fall short. A pilot investigation explored if MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could help. Autistic adults with significant social anxiety, including those with Asperger’s traits, received either 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or a placebo during two therapy sessions. Results, measured by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, showed significantly greater and durable reductions in social anxiety for those receiving MDMA. This suggests psychedelics, specifically MDMA, offer a promising new path to alleviate anxiety in this population.
Abstract
Standard therapeutic approaches to reduce social anxiety in autistic adults have limited effectiveness. Since 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MD...
A comparison of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy to non-assisted psychotherapy in treatment-resistant PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal of Psychopharmacology – December 20, 2020
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise for treatment-resistant PTSD, with notable reductions in PTSD symptoms. In a meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials involving 200 participants, those receiving 75 mg and 125 mg doses of MDMA experienced significant decreases in PTSD scores by 46.90 and 20.98 points, respectively, compared to active placebo. While the 75 mg dose also led to a reduction of 10.80 points on the Beck Depression Inventory, participants reported more adverse effects like low mood and nausea. These findings suggest MDMA's potential therapeutic benefits with manageable risks.
Abstract
Rationale: Novel, evidence-based treatments are required for treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphe...
Sleep Quality Improvements After MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Journal of traumatic stress – August 01, 2021
Summary
For individuals with PTSD, restful sleep is often elusive. A recent investigation explored whether MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could offer relief. Participants undergoing therapy with active MDMA experienced significant improvements in both their PTSD symptoms and sleep quality, compared to a control group. These positive changes in sleep were sustained and even enhanced over a year, highlighting a promising avenue for profound recovery.
Abstract
Sleep disturbances (SDs) are among the most distressing and commonly reported symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite increased a...
MDMA-assisted brief cognitive behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD: Study protocol for a pilot study.
Contemporary clinical trials communications – August 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking approach combines MDMA with brief cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy to help veterans with PTSD heal both trauma and intimate relationships. This innovative treatment pairs couples counseling with two MDMA sessions, aiming to strengthen bonds while addressing trauma. Eight veteran couples will receive therapy that targets both individual PTSD symptoms and relationship health, potentially offering a new path for military families seeking healing together.
Abstract
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) impacts both individual and relational functioning. Veteran couples are at increased risk of relationship dist...
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of anxiety and other psychological distress related to life-threatening illnesses: a randomized pilot study
Scientific Reports – November 24, 2020
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise for individuals experiencing anxiety and distress from life-threatening illnesses. A randomized controlled trial found 13 participants receiving MDMA with psychotherapy saw a mean anxiety reduction of 23.5 points, compared to 8.8 points for 5 placebo recipients. This large effect size (Hedges' g = 1.03) suggests a novel approach in clinical psychology and psychiatry. Such drug studies highlight psychedelics' potential in medicine to alleviate distress within this population, warranting further clinical trials.
Abstract
Abstract The success of modern medicine creates a growing population of those suffering from life-threatening illnesses (LTI) who often experience ...
Effect of MDMA-assisted therapy on mood and anxiety symptoms in advanced-stage cancer (EMMAC): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
Trials – May 21, 2024
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy shows promise in helping terminal cancer patients cope with anxiety and depression. This groundbreaking trial pairs therapeutic support with MDMA to potentially improve mental health outcomes in advanced-stage cancer patients. Participants receive therapy sessions before and after MDMA treatment, with researchers tracking mood, spiritual wellbeing, and quality of life for up to 12 months.
Abstract
Symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in patients with terminal illness and multiple challenges exist with timely and effective care in thi...
The Role of Adenosine A1 and A2A Receptors in the Caffeine Effect on MDMA-Induced DA and 5-HT Release in the Mouse Striatum
Neurotoxicity Research – November 13, 2014
Summary
Caffeine significantly enhances the effects of MDMA on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) release. In a study with mice, those receiving caffeine (10 mg/kg) alongside MDMA (20 or 40 mg/kg) exhibited heightened DA and 5-HT levels in the striatum. The selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist KW 6002 proved more effective than caffeine or another antagonist, DPCPX, in influencing these neurotransmitter releases. This suggests that blocking adenosine receptors may worsen MDMA's neurochemical impact, raising concerns about combined use with caffeine.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") popular as a designer drug is often used with caffeine to gain a stronger stimulant effect. MDM...
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
Nature medicine – June 01, 2021
Summary
Many current PTSD treatments offer limited relief. A recent investigation revealed that MDMA-assisted therapy significantly reduced severe PTSD symptoms and improved daily functioning. This randomized, controlled trial involved participants receiving either MDMA or a placebo alongside therapy sessions. The positive results showed substantial symptom reduction and no serious safety concerns, even for those with co-occurring conditions like depression or a history of substance use. This therapeutic approach represents a highly effective and safe potential breakthrough for individuals struggling with this challenging disorder.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) presents a major public health problem for which currently available treatments are modestly effective. We re...
MDMA-Induced Dissociative State not Mediated by the 5-HT2A Receptor
Frontiers in Pharmacology – July 11, 2017
Summary
MDMA's dissociative effects are not mediated by the 5-HT2 receptor, challenging a common assumption in Pharmacology. In a study with 20 healthy users, a 75mg MDMA dose induced a dissociative state, but a 5-HT2 receptor blocker did not counteract it. This suggests the Chemistry underlying MDMA's unique Hallucinogen properties, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, involves different Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, and for advancing Medicine.
Abstract
Previous research has shown that a single dose of MDMA induce a dissociative state, by elevating feelings of depersonalization and derealization. T...
MDMA-assisted therapy for borderline personality disorder
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – December 14, 2023
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy helped over 70% of participants no longer meet criteria for PTSD in clinical trials. Given borderline personality disorder (BPD) is often linked to trauma, a qualitative exploration examined if this therapy could offer new approaches. Experts in BPD and MDMA-assisted therapy were interviewed. Their insights revealed conceptual overlaps and potential therapeutic mechanisms, suggesting promising avenues for those struggling with BPD, a frequently misunderstood condition.
Abstract
AbstractAssociated with high-risk behavior, borderline personality disorder (BPD) remains one of the field's most misunderstood, misdiagnosed, and ...
Breakthrough for Trauma Treatment: Safety and Efficacy of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Compared to Paroxetine and Sertraline
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 12, 2019
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy demonstrates a large effect size for severe PTSD, significantly outperforming Paroxetine and Sertraline, which offer only small to moderate effects. This innovative approach, integrating MDMA with a Psychotherapist's guidance, marks a major stride in Psychiatry and Medicine. It highlights the potential of Psychedelics in Drug Studies for mental health, including potential implications for the Treatment of Major Depression. With lower dropout rates and safer administration, this development in Psychology offers a promising new avenue.
Abstract
Unsuccessfully treated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and life-threatening disorder. Two medications, paroxetine hydrochloride a...
MDMA-induced impairment in primates: antagonism by a selective norepinephrine or serotonin, but not by a dopamine/norepinephrine transport inhibitor
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 21, 2008
Summary
MDMA significantly impairs executive function in primates, with effects lasting up to three days post-exposure. In a study involving four cynomolgus monkeys, oral doses of MDMA (1.5 mg/kg) increased error rates in cognitive tasks, while intramuscular administration disrupted performance on the day of injection. Notably, the norepinephrine transporter inhibitor desipramine and the serotonin transporter inhibitor citalopram effectively reversed these impairments, highlighting the role of norepinephrine in MDMA-induced cognitive deficits and suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for human use.
Abstract
Human MDMA (R,S-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) users display selective cognitive deficits after acute MDMA exposure, frequently attributed to s...
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
Psychopharmacology – August 01, 2020
Summary
A remarkable finding showed two-thirds of individuals with PTSD no longer met diagnostic criteria over a year after treatment. Research explored whether MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could offer lasting relief for chronic PTSD symptoms. Participants received MDMA during guided therapy sessions. Results showed significant symptom reduction initially, with continued improvement at long-term follow-up. Most reported better relationships and well-being, highlighting the positive impact of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic condition that has wide-ranging negative effects on an individual's health and interpersonal rela...
MDMA-Assisted Therapy for Severe PTSD: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study.
Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) – July 01, 2023
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) presents a major public health problem for which currently available treatments are modestly effective. We re...
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for AUD: Bayesian analysis of WHO drinking risk level and exploratory analysis of drinking behavior and psychosocial functioning at 3 months follow-up.
Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) – May 14, 2025
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise in treating alcohol use disorder, with participants experiencing significant reductions in alcohol craving and improved well-being. The treatment combined traditional psychotherapy with two MDMA sessions, leading to better sleep quality and enhanced psychosocial functioning. After 3 months, most participants showed reduced drinking risk levels.
Abstract
Safety and tolerability data from the first open-label feasibility study of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for alc...
Breakthrough for Trauma Treatment: Safety and Efficacy of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Compared to Paroxetine and Sertraline.
Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) – July 01, 2023
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Unsuccessfully treated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and life-threatening disorder. Two medications, paroxetine hydrochloride a...
MDMA-Assisted Therapy for PTSD: Neuroplastic Change or Psychotherapeutic Catalyst?
Translation The University of Toledo Journal of Medical Sciences – February 17, 2026
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows significant promise for treating PTSD, especially in patients resistant to traditional therapies. Clinical trials indicate up to 67% of participants experience lasting symptom relief. The treatment appears to reduce amygdala activity and enhance hippocampal connectivity, promoting neuroplasticity. Additionally, MDMA's prosocial effects improve therapeutic relationships, crucial for effective outcomes. This dual-action model suggests that MDMA not only aids cognitive processing but also fosters emotional safety, enhancing interpersonal communication during therapy. Such insights could refine protocols and therapist training in psychedelic-assisted approaches.
Abstract
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly in individuals unresponsiv...
Balancing Innovation and Evidence: Reflections on Structured Protocols in MDMA-Assisted Therapy Versus a Principle-Guided, Patient-Directed Approach
Psychedelic Medicine – March 10, 2026
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy has shown remarkable clinical effects, with response rates exceeding 70% and dropout rates below 10%. This innovative approach integrates MDMA into a broader therapeutic framework, combining nondrug sessions with the unique, nonlinear experiences elicited by the substance. Emphasizing patient direction and flexibility, this model contrasts sharply with rigid treatment protocols that may undermine its transformative potential. Prioritizing real-world evidence and optimizing treatment mechanisms is crucial for harnessing the full benefits of this promising therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Abstract
There is growing interest in incorporating MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) into structured, evidence-based cognitive-behavioral treatment ...
Discriminative stimulus effects of psychostimulants and hallucinogens in S(+)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and R(-)-MDMA trained mice.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics – November 01, 2009
Summary
Did you know the internal sensations of "ecstasy" (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) are a blend of stimulant and hallucinogen effects? Research shows its two forms create distinct experiences. One form's effects were fully mimicked by S(+)-amphetamine, while the other's were fully mimicked by 2C-T-7. Both forms' effects were also partially mimicked by cocaine and N,N-dipropyltryptamine, confirming their complex nature. This clarifies how different components contribute to its overall impact.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a substituted phenethylamine more commonly known as the drug of abuse "ecstasy." The acute and persiste...
MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – January 04, 2016
Summary
Remarkably, MDMA has been safely administered to over 1133 individuals in research, showing rare, non-life-threatening side effects. This opens new avenues for treating social anxiety in adults with Autism. A novel approach explores using MDMA, a psychedelic often known as Ecstasy, alongside psychotherapy. This model aims to foster openness and introspection, helping autistic individuals improve social adaptability. Unlike daily medications, infrequent MDMA sessions offer lasting benefits, potentially providing a significant advantage for addressing social anxiety and related distress. The positive safety profile supports developing this promising new treatment.
Abstract
The first study of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy for the treatment of social anxiety in autistic adults commenced in th...
Perceived Benefits of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy beyond Symptom Reduction: Qualitative Follow-Up Study of a Clinical Trial for Individuals with Treatment-Resistant PTSD
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 08, 2019
Summary
Participants in a long-term follow-up of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for chronic PTSD reported significant, lasting benefits. Out of 19 veterans, firefighters, and police officers interviewed one year post-treatment, all described enhanced quality of life beyond mere symptom reduction. This qualitative analysis utilized interpretative phenomenological methods to uncover themes that enriched previously collected quantitative data. Findings emphasize the importance of qualitative insights in understanding the broader therapeutic effects of psychedelics like MDMA, suggesting profound implications for clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
We present select findings from a long-term follow-up qualitative study of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for veterans, firefighters, and police offic...
Interest and limits of using pharmacogenetics in MDMA-related fatalities: A case report.
Forensic science international. Genetics – March 01, 2025
Summary
Genetic variations can significantly impact how individuals process MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), as revealed in a forensic investigation. Analysis of a fatal case showed that specific genetic markers affected both drug metabolism and cardiovascular response. The victim's DNA indicated rapid drug processing but also suggested increased sensitivity to MDMA's effects, highlighting how pharmacogenetics can help explain varying individual reactions to the substance.
Abstract
Interpreting postmortem concentrations of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) remains challenging due to the wide range of reported results an...
A thematic analysis of MDMA-related harm and harm reduction experiences and knowledge in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Harm reduction journal – May 23, 2024
Summary
In Aotearoa New Zealand, MDMA users emphasize the importance of "set and setting" for safer experiences. Through focus group discussions with 60 participants, researchers uncovered key harm reduction strategies: maintaining positive mindset, avoiding substance mixing, having trusted friends present, and accessing reliable drug-checking services. The findings highlight how peer support and accurate information empower users to make safer choices.
Abstract
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular drug worldwide and use is prevalent in Aotearoa New Zealand. Although associated with some signif...
MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Using Low Doses in a Small Sample of Women with Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – September 01, 2008
Summary
Low doses of MDMA, between 50 and 75 mg, proved to be both psychologically and physiologically safe for women with chronic PTSD following sexual assault, as evidenced by a small sample of six treated subjects. Originally intended to include 29 participants, the study was curtailed due to political pressures. These preliminary findings suggest potential for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in clinical psychology and psychiatry, highlighting the need for further investigation with larger sample sizes to assess efficacy and safety comprehensively.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety of different doses of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy administered in a psychotherapeutic setti...
Ethanol increases the distribution of MDMA to the rat brain: possible implications in the ethanol-induced potentiation of the psychostimulant effects of MDMA
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – December 02, 2008
Summary
Ethanol significantly amplifies the effects of MDMA, with rats showing increased hyperactivity when both substances were administered together. In a study involving 60 rats, those receiving 10 mg/kg MDMA and 1.5 g/kg EtOH had higher MDMA concentrations in blood and brain regions, particularly the striatum and frontal cortex, compared to MDMA alone. Notably, the conversion to its metabolite MDA remained unchanged. This suggests that ethanol not only boosts MDMA's immediate effects but may also heighten neurotoxicity risks and potential for abuse.
Abstract
Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine; MDMA) is a popular club drug often taken with ethanol (EtOH). We recently found EtOH potentiated the ...
Retraction Note: Discontinuation of medications classified as reuptake inhibitors affects treatment response of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) – November 01, 2024
Summary
A significant discovery in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy research explored how discontinuing reuptake inhibitor medications might influence treatment response. Early findings suggested these medication changes could impact positive patient outcomes. However, a subsequent rigorous review of the data identified critical inconsistencies, leading to the withdrawal of the initial conclusions. This highlights the scientific community's dedication to ensuring the highest standards of evidence for effective mental health therapies.
Abstract
Retraction Note: Discontinuation of medications classified as reuptake inhibitors affects treatment response of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
Author Correction: MDMA-assisted therapy for moderate to severe PTSD: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.
Nat Med – November 01, 2024
Summary
Many individuals with moderate to severe PTSD experienced significant symptom reduction. A rigorous randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated if MDMA, paired with therapy, could effectively treat this debilitating condition. Results showed participants receiving MDMA-assisted therapy achieved marked, lasting improvements. This promising approach offers substantial hope for those seeking relief from persistent trauma.
Abstract
Author Correction: MDMA-assisted therapy for moderate to severe PTSD: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.
Discontinuation of medications classified as reuptake inhibitors affects treatment response of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) – November 21, 2020
Summary
Optimizing MDMA-assisted psychotherapy hinges on how patients manage existing antidepressant medications. Research explored how the **discontinuation** of specific **medications**, known as **reuptake inhibitors**, impacts therapy. It revealed that patients who properly stopped these medications experienced a significantly enhanced **treatment response** to **MDMA-assisted psychotherapy**. This suggests that a thoughtful approach to medication management can greatly improve therapeutic outcomes.
Abstract
Discontinuation of medications classified as reuptake inhibitors affects treatment response of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
Retraction Note: Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) – November 01, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, individuals undergoing MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD experienced sustained symptom relief. Researchers explored if this innovative approach offered lasting benefits. By analyzing data from six prior trials, they tracked participants' progress. The findings consistently showed significant and durable reductions in PTSD symptoms, highlighting the positive and enduring impact of this therapeutic method. This offers compelling evidence for long-term recovery.
Abstract
Retraction Note: Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 t...
Retraction Note: MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) – November 01, 2024
Summary
Remarkable findings from initial clinical trials suggested a novel approach for severe PTSD. Researchers explored how MDMA, when combined with specialized psychotherapy, could significantly reduce symptoms. A comprehensive analysis of six early-stage randomized controlled trials revealed positive results, demonstrating substantial improvement in participants' well-being. This innovative treatment strategy provided a strong rationale for advancing to larger-scale clinical trials as an effective PTSD treatment.
Abstract
Retraction Note: MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six p...
Age-dependent sensitivity of rats to the long-term effects of the serotonergic neurotoxicant (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) correlates with the magnitude of the MDMA-induced thermal response.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – October 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Self-experience in MDMA assisted therapy of PTSD
medRxiv Preprint Server – January 03, 2023
Summary
For those with severe PTSD, especially from childhood trauma, challenges with emotional coping often hinder recovery. A randomized trial investigated if MDMA-assisted therapy could help. Participants received therapy with MDMA or placebo. Remarkably, MDMA-assisted therapy significantly boosted self-compassion and improved altered mental processes linked to poor treatment response. This approach shows promise for addressing core emotional challenges in PTSD.
Abstract
In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelic substances such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphet...
Treating posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder comorbidity: Current pharmacological therapies and the future of MDMA-integrated psychotherapy.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – December 01, 2023
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occur in patients who have experienced trauma. This comorbidity l...
Perceived key change phenomena of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of severe PTSD: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of clinical integration sessions.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2023
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition that significantly impacts daily functioning in patients but lacks adequ...
Oxytocin and the Role of Fluid Restriction in MDMA-Induced Hyponatremia: A Secondary Analysis of 4 Randomized Clinical Trials.
JAMA network open – November 04, 2024
Summary
MDMA, known as ecstasy, can cause dangerous sodium imbalances in the body - but limiting fluid intake may help prevent this risk. New analysis reveals that the hormone oxytocin, not vasopressin as previously thought, plays a key role. When participants drank water freely, 37% developed low sodium levels, while those restricting fluids had no issues. This finding could make MDMA therapy safer.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or ecstasy) is a recreational drug being investigated for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. ...
Psychedelic and MDMA-Related Adverse Effects-A Call for Action.
JAMA Health Forum – November 01, 2024
Summary
To unlock the full therapeutic promise of psychedelics and MDMA, proactively addressing potential adverse effects is essential. This crucial work identifies various challenges, from psychological distress to physiological issues, that can arise during or after use. By systematically understanding these risks, the goal is to develop robust screening, preparation, and integration practices. This proactive approach ensures patient safety and maximizes the positive impact of these compounds in emerging mental health treatments.
Abstract
Psychedelic and MDMA-Related Adverse Effects-A Call for Action.
Fatalities Caused by the MDMA-Related Drug Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA)
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 2001
Summary
A troubling trend reveals that three young adults in the Midwest, ages 18 to 24, died after ingesting a substance they believed to be MDMA. Instead, they consumed paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA), a more potent stimulant that can cause severe symptoms like hyperthermia and convulsions. Blood tests showed PMA concentrations of 1.07, 0.60, and 1.90 mg/L, with no MDMA detected. Given PMA's potential dangers and its resemblance to MDMA, advocates recommend using the Marquis Test for on-site pill screening at events.
Abstract
The past several years have seen a marked increase in the recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or "Ecstasy". MDMA use is es...
Potential processes of change in MDMA-Assisted therapy for social anxiety disorder: Enhanced memory reconsolidation, self-transcendence, and therapeutic relationships.
Human psychopharmacology – May 01, 2022
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Researchers have suggested that psychotherapy may be enhanced by the addition of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), particularly in the trea...
Culturally informed research design issues in a study for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – July 30, 2019
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy offers profound potential for treating PTSD. Yet, past Psychedelics and Drug Studies have largely excluded people of color. To address this, a clinical psychology site initiated a Phase 2 study, prioritizing culturally informed care for ethnic groups. Psychotherapists focused on cultural competence, designing accessible informed consent, and engaging in community outreach. This approach emphasized cultural humility, validating racial trauma experiences. Ensuring diverse access to MDMA therapy, and training psychotherapists of color, is vital for future trials.
Abstract
Recent research suggests that psychedelic drugs can be powerful agents of change when utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy. Methylenedioxymet...
No Evidence that MDMA-Induced Enhancement of Emotional Empathy Is Related to Peripheral Oxytocin Levels or 5-HT1a Receptor Activation
PLoS ONE – June 27, 2014
Summary
MDMA significantly enhances emotional empathy in healthy young adults, as evidenced by a study with 20 participants aged 18-26. Participants underwent four treatment conditions, including MDMA (75 mg) and placebo, while measures of empathy were assessed through various tests. Findings revealed that emotional empathy improved without affecting cognitive empathy or social trust behaviors. Notably, the combination with pindolol did not alter these effects, and oxytocin levels were unrelated to changes in empathy, suggesting alternative neurobiological mechanisms may be involved.
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the effect of MDMA on measures of empathy and social interaction, and the roles of oxytocin and the 5-HT1A...
Involvement of NMDA glutamate receptors in the acquisition and reinstatement of the conditioned place preference induced by MDMA
Behavioural Pharmacology – May 14, 2015
Summary
Memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, shows promise in addressing MDMA dependence. In a study with adolescent male mice, memantine effectively blocked the acquisition of MDMA-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. After conditioning, it prevented reinstatement of CPP when primed with MDMA. Interestingly, memantine did not affect chocolate-induced CPP, indicating its specific action on MDMA. These findings highlight the potential of targeting NMDARs to develop therapies for MDMA-related issues, suggesting a new avenue in neuropharmacology research.
Abstract
Some 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) users become dependent as a result of chronic consumption. A greater understanding of the neurobiolog...
THC Prevents MDMA Neurotoxicity in Mice
PLoS ONE – February 10, 2010
Summary
THC, the active component of cannabis, offers significant neuroprotective effects against MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. In a study with mice, those pretreated with THC (3 mg/kg) before receiving a neurotoxic regimen of MDMA (20 mg/kg x 4) showed reduced hyperthermia and neuronal damage, particularly at elevated temperatures (26°C). While THC effectively mitigated dopamine terminal loss and glial activation, its protective benefits were primarily linked to CB(1) receptor activation. Mice lacking CB(1) receptors did not experience these protective effects, underscoring THC's critical role in combating MDMA's harmful impacts.
Abstract
The majority of MDMA (ecstasy) recreational users also consume cannabis. Despite the rewarding effects that both drugs have, they induce several op...
Will MDMA-assisted psychotherapy become a breakthrough in treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder? A critical narrative review.
Psychiatria polska – August 31, 2022
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health condition that begins after exposure to a traumatic event. Despite recommended vari...
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Acute subjective effects in LSD- and MDMA-assisted psychotherapy
Journal of Psychopharmacology – October 08, 2020
Summary
LSD and MDMA are showing promise in treating posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression, particularly for patients unresponsive to conventional therapies. In Switzerland, 18 patients (12 women, 6 men, aged 29-77) participated in a compassionate use program between 2014-2018. They experienced significant alterations in consciousness, with LSD producing notable mystical experiences. Sessions were conducted every 3.5 months after initial psychotherapy, yielding effects comparable to those observed in clinical trials. These findings support the potential of psychedelics in therapeutic settings for mental health challenges.
Abstract
Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were used in psychotherapy in the 1960s–1980s, and are cu...
Stereoselective, sex-dependent 5-HT2A receptor modulation of cortical plasticity by MDMA in mice.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – February 02, 2026
Summary
MDMA's therapeutic effects differ significantly based on its chemical form and a person's sex. In mice, S(+)-MDMA induced head-twitch responses and increased serotonin signaling in both males and females. Strikingly, R(-)-MDMA caused head-twitches only in females. S(+)-MDMA also enhanced dendritic spine density in male frontal cortex, an effect absent in females or when R(-)-MDMA was administered. These findings highlight crucial sex- and stereoisomer-specific mechanisms, informing safer, more targeted MDMA-based treatments.
Abstract
The psychoactive entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), widely known as a recreational drug, is gaining renewed attention as a potent...
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): interindividual differences due to polymorphisms and drug–drug interactions
Critical Reviews in Toxicology – October 03, 2012
Summary
MDMA can cause effects ranging from mild euphoria to severe intoxication, influenced by genetic factors and polydrug use. For instance, individuals with poor CYP2D6 metabolism may experience heightened MDMA plasma levels, potentially leading to adverse outcomes. Interestingly, pre-treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can elevate MDMA levels while reducing critical physiological responses like heart rate and blood pressure. Carvedilol, ketanserin, and haloperidol have shown promise in mitigating MDMA's harmful effects, suggesting their potential role in treating intoxicated patients alongside standard supportive care measures.
Abstract
Clinical outcome following 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) intake ranges from mild entactogenic effects to a life-threatening intoxication...
Development of an Australian Clinical Practice Guideline on methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted Psychotherapy for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
Journal of affective disorders – July 17, 2025
Summary
Australia is pioneering a new era for mental health, allowing authorized prescribing of Ecstasy for PTSD. This initiative outlines the development of robust Therapeutic guidelines for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. Using a rigorous, evidence-based process, experts are crafting protocols to ensure safe and effective psychedelic-assisted therapy. This marks a significant step towards providing carefully considered, evidence-based treatment for those battling PTSD.
Abstract
Despite recent clinical and research interest, medical use of psychedelics has not been legalised in most jurisdictions. The Australian Therapeutic...
Chronic Stress Enhances the Corticosterone Response and Neurotoxicity to +3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): The Role of Ambient Temperature
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – July 16, 2010
Summary
Chronic unpredictable stress significantly amplifies the harmful effects of MDMA, a popular psychostimulant. In a study involving rats subjected to 10 days of stress, MDMA administration (5 mg/kg) led to heightened hyperthermia and increased plasma corticosterone levels. Notably, serotonin levels dropped by over 50% in key brain areas, such as the striatum and hippocampus. Interestingly, lowering ambient temperature to 21°C mitigated these adverse effects. While blocking corticosterone synthesis with metyrapone reduced its secretion, it did not impact serotonin or dopamine depletions, highlighting hyperthermia's critical role in stress-related drug responses.
Abstract
Stress facilitates drug abuse by humans. In rodents, stress enhances the neurochemical, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses to psychostimulant...
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: Growing evidence for memory effects mediating treatment efficacy.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – January 10, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The application of MDMA in conjunction with psychotherapy has in recent years seen a resurgence of clinical, scientific, and public interest in the...
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Role of Serotonin via 5-HT2B Receptors in the Reinforcing Effects of MDMA in Mice
PLoS ONE – November 20, 2009
Summary
MDMA, or ecstasy, significantly influences behavior through its interactions with serotonin and dopamine systems. In a study involving 5-HT(2B) receptor-deficient mice (n=30), MDMA (10 mg/kg) failed to produce conditioned place preference or locomotor sensitization. Conversely, higher doses (30 mg/kg) triggered dopamine-dependent effects independently of serotonin and 5-HT(2B) receptors. Notably, the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase in the nucleus accumbens was disrupted in mice lacking functional 5-HT(2B) receptors, highlighting their crucial role in MDMA's reinforcing properties and illustrating complex dose-dependent effects.
Abstract
The amphetamine derivative 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) reverses dopamine and serotonin transporters to produce efflux of dopa...
MDMA-induced changes in within-network connectivity contradict the specificity of these alterations for the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens
Neuropsychopharmacology – November 20, 2020
Summary
Serotonergic hallucinogens like LSD significantly alter brain connectivity, but this study reveals that non-hallucinogenic substances such as MDMA can induce similar effects. In a trial with 45 participants, those who took 125 mg of MDMA showed decreased connectivity in key networks, including the default mode network and visual areas. These changes mirrored those observed with hallucinogens, suggesting that monoaminergic stimulation affects brain connectivity broadly. This insight may help explain the antidepressant effects of certain psychoactive substances without requiring hallucinogenic experiences.
Abstract
Abstract It has been reported that serotonergic hallucinogens like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induce decreases in functional connectivity wit...
FDA Denies Approval of MDMA-Assisted Therapy for PTSD
AJN, American Journal of Nursing – November 01, 2024
Summary
For many battling PTSD, standard therapies fall short. New research explored MDMA-assisted therapy, revealing significant symptom reduction for participants. Despite these positive outcomes, the treatment was not approved, with the agency citing potential dangers and methodological flaws in its development.
Abstract
The agency cited potential dangers and flaws in research methodology.
MDMA (Ecstasy) and the Rave: A Review
PEDIATRICS – October 01, 1997
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, has been linked to at least 58 fatalities, primarily due to severe heat-related complications. Among American adolescents, 24% reported MDMA use in a Tulane University survey, surpassing both LSD and cocaine. In the UK, 8% of 15- and 16-year-olds used MDMA, while 5% of U.S. teens admitted to its use in 1996. Despite its perceived safety, MDMA can cause serious adverse effects like hyperthermia and cardiac issues, highlighting the urgent need for awareness and education about its risks.
Abstract
The drug 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also known as "ecstasy," is a "designer" drug that is becoming popular with American adolescents...
Can MDMA Play a Role in the Treatment of Substance Abuse?
Current Drug Abuse Reviews – June 01, 2013
Summary
MDMA may offer new hope for treating substance abuse disorders, with early investigations showing that 60% of participants reduced or eliminated substance use after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. This compound enhances feelings of interpersonal closeness and prosocial behavior, potentially aiding recovery. Notably, subjects in clinical studies did not seek out ecstasy post-treatment, testing negative during follow-ups. While concerns about MDMA's abuse potential exist, it may address neuropharmacological issues related to addiction, suggesting a promising avenue for future therapeutic interventions in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
A wider array of treatments are needed for people with substance abuse disorders. Some psychedelic compounds have been assessed as potential substa...
Multifaceted empathy of healthy volunteers after single doses of MDMA: A pooled sample of placebo-controlled studies
Journal of Psychopharmacology – April 03, 2017
Summary
A single dose of MDMA significantly boosts emotional empathy, as confirmed in a pooled analysis of 118 participants across multiple studies. The increase in empathy was strongest when subjects viewed positive emotions, with MDMA blood concentrations correlating positively to these effects. Notably, cognitive empathy remained unchanged. Factors such as sex, drug use history, and trait empathy showed no moderating influence on this enhancement. While oxytocin levels rose post-MDMA, they did not link to behavioral changes, underscoring the unique role of MDMA in fostering emotional connections.
Abstract
Previous placebo-controlled experimental studies have shown that a single dose of MDMA can increase emotional empathy in the multifaceted empathy t...
Small Changes in Ambient Temperature Cause Large Changes in 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-Induced Serotonin Neurotoxicity and Core Body Temperature in the Rat
Journal of Neuroscience – July 01, 1998
Summary
MDMA significantly increases neurotoxicity in rats when ambient temperatures rise. In a controlled study involving 60 rats, those treated with MDMA at 28-30°C exhibited heightened neurotoxic effects, particularly in brain regions like the frontal cortex and hippocampus. At cooler temperatures (20-24°C), no neurotoxicity was observed. Core temperatures rose alongside ambient temperature, suggesting a direct link between heat and MDMA’s harmful effects. These findings highlight the risks of fatal hyperthermia associated with MDMA use, emphasizing the importance of temperature regulation during consumption.
Abstract
The amphetamine derivative 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a drug of abuse and has been shown to be neurotoxic to 5-HT terminals in man...
A reflection on paradigmatic tensions within the FDA advisory committee for MDMA-assisted therapy.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – April 01, 2025
Summary
A pivotal moment in modern psychiatry unfolds as psychedelics challenge traditional drug approval frameworks. The FDA's approach to MDMA therapy highlights a fundamental clash between conventional psychopharmacology, which views drugs as purely biological agents, and an emerging paradigm that recognizes the vital role of set and setting in treatment outcomes. This tension reflects a broader shift in how we understand mental health interventions, particularly when psychedelics are combined with therapy.
Abstract
The recent rejection of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a dramatic mome...
FDA Denies Approval of MDMA-Assisted Therapy for PTSD.
The American journal of nursing – November 01, 2024
Summary
Despite promising Phase 3 trials, regulators declined to approve MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD treatment, citing safety concerns and methodological issues in clinical studies. The decision impacts thousands of veterans and trauma survivors who showed significant symptom improvement in controlled therapeutic settings. Officials requested additional safety data and stricter protocols before reconsideration.
Abstract
The agency cited potential dangers and flaws in research methodology.
MDMA in Psychiatry: From PTSD to emerging indications, safety, and future directions
Psychedelics. – October 14, 2025
Summary
MDMA, known for its therapeutic potential, has shown remarkable effects in treating resistant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with clinical trials indicating substantial improvements. In studies involving 100+ participants, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy led to significant reductions in PTSD symptoms. Additionally, large epidemiological studies reveal that MDMA users report 30% lower rates of depression and reduced suicidal thoughts. Animal studies suggest MDMA enhances stress resilience and neuroplasticity. Future efforts aim to refine dosing protocols and safety monitoring for broader applications in mental health treatment.
Abstract
MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy,” “molly”), is a distinctive entactogen that reverses the serotonin (5-HT) transporter to increas...