1286 results for "MDMA"
Protective Behavioral Strategies for Psychedelic Use: A Mini Review of the Evidence.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – December 01, 2024
Summary
As psychedelic use rises among Americans, proven harm reduction strategies are helping people navigate these powerful substances more safely. Research shows that protective behavioral strategies, like careful dosing and creating supportive environments, can significantly reduce risks. Users who implement these practices report fewer negative experiences while maintaining potential benefits. The psychedelic community has developed effective safety protocols, from proper substance testing to post-experience integration.
Abstract
Approximately 8.5 million Americans over the age of 12 endorsed past year psychedelic use in 2022, with 1.4 million individuals initiating use duri...
Vermont Primary Care Provider Perspectives on Psychedelics — A Cross-Sectional Study
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 05, 2025
Summary
Ninety-six percent of 770 primary care providers (PCPs) expressed optimism or neutrality regarding the high therapeutic potential of psychedelics. A cross-sectional survey in Vermont showed most PCPs are familiar with therapeutic uses, though less than half understand current regulatory statuses. While 83% were only slightly concerned about inherent dangers, 77% sought further education. These findings highlight evolving perspectives in Medicine and Psychology, particularly within Psychedelics and Drug Studies, where compounds from chemical synthesis and alkaloids are investigated, and research, such as Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, informs primary care practices.
Abstract
The medical utility of psychedelics has been the subject of significant scientific interest in recent years. While most of these substances remain ...
Assessing pharmaceutical and illicit drugs abuse in a university environment through wastewater analysis.
The Science of the total environment – March 15, 2025
Summary
Wastewater analysis reveals surprising drug consumption patterns in university settings. Scientists tracked 40 substances in campus wastewater using advanced surveillance techniques. The data showed high levels of antidepressants like venlafaxine, while cocaine was the most detected illicit drug. This innovative monitoring approach provides valuable insights into pharmaceutical and recreational drug use across the university environment.
Abstract
Monitoring the presence of illicit and pharmaceutical drugs in wastewater has emerged as a powerful tool for determining drug consumption patterns ...
The Acceptability of Psychedelic‐Assisted Therapy Amongst Mental Health Consumers: Utilising the Theory of Planned Behaviour
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing – February 01, 2025
Summary
Three-quarters of mental health consumers desire access to psychedelic-assisted therapies, like those using psilocybin for depression. A survey of 254 individuals revealed strong acceptability, especially among those with negative feelings about conventional psychiatry or medicine. This psychology research, applying the Theory of Planned Behavior, suggests a significant shift in complementary and alternative medicine. Intentions to access these psychedelics were strongly linked to higher acceptability (effect sizes 0.37–1.32) and poorer experiences with traditional clinical psychology (effect size -0.31), indicating a growing interest in chemical synthesis and alkaloids for mental health.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Australian government approval has been granted for 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐methamphetamine (MDMA) treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder ...
The Hallucinogen Rating Scale: Updated Factor Structure in a Large, Multistudy Sample.
Biological psychiatry global open science – March 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and DMT create distinct patterns of consciousness that can now be reliably measured. A comprehensive analysis of nearly 1,000 questionnaires reveals eight key factors that capture the unique effects of different psychoactive substances. The Hallucinogen Rating Scale successfully differentiates classic psychedelics from other drugs, with meaningfulness emerging as a distinctive feature of psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
The Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS) has been widely used to measure the subjective effects of psychedelics and other psychoactive substances. Its a...
What should constitute a control condition in psychedelic drug trials?
Nature. Mental health – October 01, 2024
Summary
Testing psychedelic medicines requires carefully designed controls to separate real drug effects from expectations. Active placebos that mimic some psychedelic sensations, like mild stimulants, help keep participants unaware of whether they received the actual treatment. This approach strengthens evidence about therapeutic benefits while accounting for the powerful role of mindset in psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a surge in interest in placebo-controlled trials using non-classical 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) a...
Effects of psychoplastogens on blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Molecular Psychiatry – November 29, 2024
Summary
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 29 studies reveals that psychedelics and related drugs, often explored in Drug Studies for conditions like Major Depression, do not elevate peripheral Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in humans. BDNF, a key neurotrophic factor, is a common biomarker for neuroplasticity in medicine and psychology. Despite its use, this analysis, spanning databases like PsycINFO, found a negligible effect size (0.024). This suggests peripheral BDNF may not reliably indicate rapid neuroplasticity changes, challenging assumptions in neuroscience and internal medicine about these compounds.
Abstract
Abstract Background Peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are often used as a biomarker for the rapid plasticity-promoting ...
Reconsidering evidence for psychedelic-induced psychosis: an overview of reviews, a systematic review, and meta-analysis of human studies.
Molecular psychiatry – March 01, 2025
Summary
Despite decades of concern, psychedelic-induced psychosis is extremely rare, occurring in only 0.002% of general population cases. Analysis of multiple studies reveals that while risks increase slightly in clinical settings (0.2-0.6%), psychedelics appear safer than previously thought. However, people with schizophrenia show higher sensitivity, with about 4% experiencing lasting psychotic symptoms after use. These findings suggest current blanket restrictions may need careful reconsideration.
Abstract
Persons with schizophrenia are excluded from psychedelic-assisted therapy due to concerns about the risk of triggering or worsening psychosis. Howe...
Australian psychologists' attitudes towards psychedelic‐assisted therapy and training following a world‐first drug down‐scheduling
Drug and Alcohol Review – November 05, 2024
Summary
Australian psychologists largely embrace psychedelic-assisted therapy for mental health, viewing it as a promising psychological intervention. A nonprobability snowball sampling of 20 psychologists revealed most had positive attitudes towards these compounds, often products of chemical synthesis and alkaloids like psilocybin. However, limited knowledge and concerns about efficacy and adverse experiences were noted. This highlights the critical need for comprehensive medical education and training to ensure competence in this evolving area of clinical psychology and applied psychology, integrating diverse academic research themes from psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract Introduction This study explores the attitudes of psychologists towards psychedelics and psychedelic‐assisted therapy (PAT) following the ...
Critical appraisal of evidence supporting prescription of psychedelics from clinic websites in Ontario, Canada
PLoS ONE – October 24, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic clinics in Ontario are promoting psilocybin and other psychedelics for an astonishing 47 distinct medical conditions, often with insufficient scientific backing. An analysis of 10 clinic websites revealed only 2 out of 10 described potential risks. While 29 studies were cited for these medical prescriptions, most offered low-to-moderate "level 4" evidence, like case-series. This raises concerns for mental health patients seeking medicine, underscoring the need for transparent, high-quality information regarding psychedelic treatments in family medicine and psychiatry.
Abstract
Psychedelics, including ketamine, 3,4-Methyl enedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA), and psilocybin, have gained attention for their potential therapeutic...
Moving psychedelic-assisted therapies from promising research into routine clinical practice: Lessons from the field of implementation science
Translational Behavioral Medicine – October 17, 2024
Summary
With FDA anticipating psilocybin therapy approval for depression by 2026, **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** are rapidly advancing. Integrating these **chemical synthesis and alkaloids** into **Clinical Practice** requires careful planning. **Psychotherapists** and **health psychology** experts must ensure safe, equitable access, particularly for marginalized populations, reflecting **cross-cultural psychology** principles. Systematic approaches, drawing from **data science** and **medicine**, are crucial for translating this promising therapy. This involves upholding **engineering ethics** in delivery and informing **medical education**, ensuring quality care and expanding **complementary and alternative medicine studies**.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics (e.g., 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA], lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], psilocybin) are molecules that have the po...
Psychedelic‐assisted therapy for palliative care within a home treatment setting: A case report
Clinical Case Reports – August 30, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) demonstrates feasibility as a safe, home-based psychological intervention for severe existential distress in palliative care. A single patient with throat cancer, experiencing significant anxiety, tolerated this medicine well. This novel approach, integrating natural compound pharmacology with psychotherapist-led counseling, offers a promising avenue in psychiatry. Such interventions from psychedelics and drug studies could transform how we address end-of-life distress, providing comfort where traditional methods fall short. The successful application suggests a new frontier in medicine.
Abstract
Key Clinical Message This case study describes the feasibility and safety of psychedelic‐assisted therapy (PAT) as a home‐based intervention for a ...
Comparative oral monotherapy of psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ayahuasca, and escitalopram for depressive symptoms: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
BMJ – August 21, 2024
Summary
High-dose psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly outperformed escitalopram for depressive symptoms in a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. This medicine, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, showed a greater effect than 10mg escitalopram (4.66 points) and 20mg (4.69 points). While better than placebo, psilocybin's effect size was small (0.31) when compared to traditional antidepressant trials. Crucially, no severe adverse effect, unlike some psychiatry drugs (e.g., Fluoxetine, Risperidone), was more common than placebo. Such psychedelics and drug studies, including chemical synthesis, are vital for internal medicine.
Abstract
Abstract Objective To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and acceptability of oral monotherapy using psychedelics and escitalopram in patients ...
Psilocybin Facilitates Fear Extinction: Importance of Dose, Context, and Serotonin Receptors
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – August 01, 2024
Summary
The potent hallucinogen psilocybin significantly enhances fear extinction, a core process in psychology. In mice, this alkaloid boosted the reversal of fear conditioning across all tested doses when administered before exposure therapy; females responded to a narrower dose range. Neuroscience and pharmacology confirm psilocybin's long-term effects on extinction retention and suppressing fear renewal in a novel context. This depends critically on serotonin neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, specifically 5-HT2A receptors. Such psychedelics, compounds often derived via chemical synthesis, show strong potential for adjunctive studies.
Abstract
A variety of classic psychedelics and MDMA have been shown to enhance fear extinction in rodent models. This has translational significance because...
Pharmacological Properties of Psychedelics with a Special Focus on Potential Harms.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – July 31, 2024
Summary
While generally safer than many recreational substances, psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin can profoundly alter consciousness through unique interactions with brain serotonin systems. Their classification includes three main types: phenethylamines, tryptamines, and ergolines. Though showing promise in mental health treatment, these substances carry risks of anxiety, dissociation, and psychological harm, particularly when combined with other drugs or used improperly.
Abstract
Psychedelics are a group of substances within the heterogeneous class of hallucinogenic drugs. Via binding to the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor, psy...
Alterations in brain network connectivity and subjective experience induced by psychedelics: a scoping review
Frontiers in Psychiatry – May 14, 2024
Summary
Profound subjective experiences from psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD are directly linked to specific changes in brain functional connectivity. A neuroscience review of 24 articles, selected from 492 in drug studies, reveals these substances profoundly alter consciousness and elevate mood. Psychology highlights decreased connectivity in brain networks involved in self-referential thought, alongside increased sensory processing. Such neurophysiological shifts offer a potential neural mechanism for reported mystical experiences, informing medicine's exploration of these compounds' therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Intense interest surrounds current research on psychedelics, particularly regarding their potential in treating mental health disorders. Various st...
Minorities' Diminished Psychedelic Returns: Income and Educations Impact on Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians.
Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities – June 01, 2025
Summary
Income and education levels significantly influence how different racial groups respond to psychedelics for mental health benefits. While white individuals show reduced psychological distress with psychedelic use, minorities experience diminished returns - even at higher socioeconomic levels. Notably, educated, high-income Asian users reported increased distress, highlighting how ethnicity and inequality shape therapeutic outcomes.
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the race and ethnic minority population may experience fewer protective effects of psychedelics on mental health. Th...
Older adults in psychedelic-assisted therapy trials: A systematic review
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy appears safe and well-tolerated for older adults, with no serious adverse events among the 10 participants for whom detailed safety data was available. This systematic review, using MEDLINE and other sources for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, analyzed 36 trials involving 1400 patients. Yet, only 19 (less than 1.4%) were aged 65 or older. While initial findings suggest these substances, often from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, modulating neurotransmitter receptors for behavioral influence, are safe, their potential in geriatric Psychology and Medicine warrants further exploration by psychotherapists.
Abstract
Background: Growing clinical interest in psychedelic-assisted therapies has led to a second wave of research involving psilocybin, lysergic acid di...
Efficacy and Safety of Psychedelics in Treating Anxiety Disorders
Ochsner Journal – January 01, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics offer a promising new avenue for treating anxiety disorders. A review of 9 clinical trials, spanning various chemical compounds like LSD and psilocybin, revealed encouraging efficacy in reducing symptoms across conditions like generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety. Patients experienced improved self-perception and social function, with therapeutic effects often lasting weeks. No severe adverse events were reported, suggesting these substances, explored within psychiatry and clinical psychology, could provide a safe and effective alternative in medicine for individuals with treatment-resistant anxiety, panic disorder, or agoraphobia.
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are commonly diagnosed and cause substantial functional impairment. A mixture of pharmacologic and psychosocial treat...
Set and setting predict psychopathology, wellbeing and meaningfulness of psychedelic experiences: a correlational study.
Expert review of clinical pharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
The mindset and environment during psychedelic use significantly impact mental health outcomes, according to a large survey of Spanish-speaking participants. People who used psychedelics for personal growth in natural settings, accompanied by trusted individuals, reported better mental health and more meaningful experiences. Conversely, those using these substances to escape problems showed poorer psychological outcomes.
Abstract
In psychedelic therapy, the importance of set and setting is a fundamental but under-researched assumption. The aim of this study is to correlate v...
A Systematic Review of Reporting Practices in Psychedelic Clinical Trials: Psychological Support, Therapy, and Psychosocial Interventions.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – December 01, 2023
Summary
Despite promising results in psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT), a striking 82% of clinical trials fail to verify if treatments were delivered as intended. Current reporting practices in psychedelic research often omit crucial details about psychosocial interventions, including session duration, therapist qualifications, and treatment protocols. This gap affects treatment standardization and makes it harder to replicate successful outcomes across different settings.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy has gained significant attention in recent years. However, there is a lack of empirical clarity on the role of psychos...
Lifeboat ethics, risk, and therapeutic opportunity: an appeal for equitable psychedelic therapy access in the “high-risk” addiction patient
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 20, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic medicine, with two compounds nearing FDA approval, offers a powerful new approach for mental health. Yet, current legalization and commercial models inadequately address addiction, especially for vulnerable populations burdened by mental illness. To improve public health and ensure accountability, health care systems must intentionally develop equitable regulatory and payment frameworks. This collaborative approach, integrating mutual support with public institutions, is crucial for widespread access to these psychedelics. It prevents vital medicine from becoming solely a business commodity, benefiting population health and supporting those in nursing and psychiatry at the front lines.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted treatment (PAT) for mental health is in renaissance. Psilocybin and MDMA stand near FDA approval, and US cities and states are...
Neuroimaging in psychedelic drug development: past, present, and future.
Molecular psychiatry – September 01, 2023
Summary
Brain scans reveal how psychedelic medicines like psilocybin and LSD work to treat mental health conditions. Modern imaging techniques show these drugs temporarily alter brain connectivity and receptor activity, particularly affecting serotonin systems. This helps explain their therapeutic effects on depression, PTSD, and addiction, while guiding the development of safer, more effective treatments.
Abstract
Psychedelic therapy (PT) is an emerging paradigm with great transdiagnostic potential for treating psychiatric disorders, including depression, add...
An online study to understand chemsex in India.
Indian journal of psychiatry – May 01, 2025
Summary
Drug-enhanced sexual encounters, known as chemsex, affect one-third of surveyed Indian adults engaging in intimate relationships. Among sexual and gender minorities, methamphetamine emerged as the most commonly used substance. The practice was notably higher among those with HIV or multiple partners. While participants reported enhanced pleasure, many experienced memory gaps and anxiety, highlighting important health implications.
Abstract
While chemsex has been studied in several parts of the world, it has been an under-studied area in India. Anecdotally, use of substances in the con...
Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU)-Mediated Calcium Overload in Psychoactive Drug Neurotoxicity: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Targets.
International journal of molecular sciences – May 15, 2025
Summary
Excessive calcium in brain cells plays a surprising role in drug-related brain damage. When psychoactive substances are used, a tiny cellular gateway called MCU allows too much calcium to flood mitochondria - the cell's power plants. This calcium overload triggers a chain of harmful events, leading to neurotoxicity and cell death. Understanding this mechanism offers promising new treatment approaches for protecting the brain from substance-related damage.
Abstract
With rapid societal changes and increasing stress levels, the abuse of psychoactive substances has emerged as a global health crisis. Studies indic...
"Other" Substance Use Among American Indian Reservation-Area High School Youth.
Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs – May 20, 2025
Summary
Native and non-Native youth living near reservations show similar patterns of lesser-known drug use, challenging common assumptions. Data from nearly 15,000 high school students across seven US regions revealed that prescription misuse and alternative substances varied more by location and gender than by ethnic background. The Southern Plains showed highest overall usage, while male students in the Southwest were particularly drawn to inhalants and hallucinogens.
Abstract
High school youth have an elevated risk of substance use. Some substances (e.g., inhalants, MDMA) used by youth are overlooked or grouped in an "ot...
Recreational Ketamine Use among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder: Demographics, Motivations, and Polysubstance Use.
Substance use & misuse – May 01, 2025
Summary
Nearly 1 in 3 people with opioid use disorder report using ketamine, with many attempting self-treatment for withdrawal symptoms and mental health concerns. Urban males are more likely to use ketamine, often alongside other substances like marijuana and alcohol. While some users seek therapeutic effects, others pursue recreational experiences. The findings highlight complex relationships between ketamine and opioid use, with both potential risks and self-medication patterns emerging.
Abstract
Data show that recreational ketamine use appears to be increasing. This study aimed to understand how ketamine fits into broader polysubstance use ...
Not Losing Momentum: Cross-Sectional Insights into Ibogaine Clinical Trials.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – April 18, 2025
Summary
Groundbreaking research reveals that ibogaine, a unique psychedelic compound, shows promise in treating addiction. Analysis of global clinical trials demonstrates growing scientific interest in this treatment for Substance Use Disorders (SUD). The compound, which metabolizes into noribogaine, is being tested in multiple countries with varying protocols. Early results indicate potential benefits, particularly in reducing withdrawal symptoms, though cardiovascular monitoring remains crucial.
Abstract
Ibogaine, a non-classical psychedelic, has gained increasing attention as a potential treatment for substance use disorders (SUD); however, a lack ...
Estimation of the prevalence of substance use by wastewater-based epidemiology study in four cities of Guangdong, China.
PloS one – January 01, 2025
Summary
Analysis of wastewater from 67 treatment plants across four Chinese cities revealed surprising drug use patterns in Guangdong Province. Scientists tracked drug metabolites in sewage to estimate regional substance use, finding methamphetamine as the most prevalent drug, followed by heroin and ketamine. While heroin use decreased over the study period, meth and ketamine consumption showed concerning upward trends.
Abstract
The widespread use of illegal drugs and their associated problems have emerged as a significant public health concern. This study was conducted to ...
Psychedelics in the treatment of eating disorders: Rationale and potential mechanisms
European Neuropsychopharmacology – June 21, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy offers compelling promise for severe Eating disorders like Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa. Preliminary data, from various studies and case reports, suggests potential in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology for improving body image and cognitive flexibility. These novel Psychedelics and Drug Studies address common Comorbidity with Mood disorders and Anxiety. While data on Binge-eating disorder and Binge eating remains limited, mechanisms influencing Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior offer new avenues. Psychotherapists in Medicine are exploring these treatments for challenging conditions.
Abstract
Eating disorders are serious illnesses showing high rates of mortality and comorbidity with other mental health problems. Psychedelic-assisted ther...
In vivo mapping of pharmacologically induced functional reorganization onto the human brain’s neurotransmitter landscape
Science Advances – June 14, 2023
Summary
The human brain's response to drugs reveals a profound link between molecular structure and behavior. Neuroscience shows diverse pharmacological agents, including 10 psychedelics and anesthetics, reorganize brain function by engaging multiple neurotransmitter systems. By mapping 19 neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, a clear influence on behavior emerged. This pharmacology insight has significant implications for Psychology and Medicine, informing drug studies and our understanding of brain disorders. Crucially, regional drug susceptibility mirrors vulnerability to structural alterations seen in conditions like those linked to Tryptophan imbalances.
Abstract
To understand how pharmacological interventions can exert their powerful effects on brain function, we need to understand how they engage the brain...
Psychedelics: Threshold of a Therapeutic Revolution
Neuropharmacology – May 27, 2023
Summary
Remarkable progress in just five years has transformed the landscape for psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, in Medicine. Psychiatry and Psychology are exploring its therapeutic potential, with the FDA granting two breakthrough therapy designations for conditions like major depression. Ongoing Psychedelics and Drug Studies are evaluating psilocybin for cancer-related Anxiety and other disorders. This reflects growing understanding of how these chemical compounds influence neurotransmitter receptors, offering new avenues for psychotherapists. The global implications for mainstream therapies are significant, moving these alkaloids from bench to bedside.
Abstract
This Special Issue of Neuropharmacology on psychedelics provides a timely and comprehensive update on progress following the previous Neuropharmaco...
Is the Requirement for First-Person Experience of Psychedelic Drugs a Justified Component of a Psychedelic Therapist's Training?
Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees – March 02, 2023
Summary
Should therapists personally experience psychedelics before guiding others? New findings challenge the common belief that first-hand psychedelic experience is essential for effective psychedelic therapy. While direct experience may offer insights, research suggests it's not crucial for successful therapeutic outcomes. Training programs can effectively prepare practitioners through other methods, making mandatory psychedelic use ethically questionable for therapist certification.
Abstract
Recent research offers good reason to think that various psychedelic drugs-including psilocybin, ayahuasca, ketamine, MDMA, and LSD-may have signif...
Neuroplasticity and Psychedelics: a comprehensive examination of classic and non-classic compounds in pre and clinical models
arXiv Preprint Archive – November 29, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin can rewire brain connections after just one dose, unlike traditional psychiatric medications. These compounds boost the brain's natural plasticity, helping neurons form new pathways and adapt to change. Studies show they create a window of enhanced learning and adaptation, leading to lasting improvements in mood and behavior.
Abstract
Neuroplasticity, the ability of the nervous system to adapt throughout an organism's lifespan, offers potential as both a biomarker and treatment t...
Decriminalization undone: Assessing the amendment to British Columbia's decriminalization of personal drug possession framework.
Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique – March 12, 2025
Summary
British Columbia's bold experiment with drug decriminalization faced a significant reversal, highlighting tensions between public health and public safety priorities. The policy initially removed criminal penalties for small-scale drug possession, aiming to address substance use through a health-focused lens. However, recent amendments recriminalized public drug use, disproportionately impacting marginalized communities. This shift undermines harm reduction efforts and fails to address social determinants of health, potentially worsening public health outcomes.
Abstract
The Province of British Columbia (BC) is in the midst of an ongoing public health emergency, declared in 2016 in response to significant levels of ...
Utilizing Caenorhabditis Elegans as a Rapid and Precise Model for Assessing Amphetamine-Type Stimulants: A Novel Approach to Evaluating New Psychoactive Substances Activity and Mechanisms.
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) – May 01, 2025
Summary
Tiny worms are helping scientists crack the code of dangerous street drugs. Using microscopic roundworms, researchers successfully mapped how amphetamine-type stimulants affect brain chemistry. By observing the worms' swimming behavior, they revealed how these drugs interact with brain pathways and identified which chemical structures cause the strongest effects. This method offers a faster, cheaper way to evaluate new street drugs.
Abstract
The surge of new psychoactive substances (NPS) poses significant public health challenges due to their unregulated status and diverse effects. Howe...
Rising incidence of recreational ketamine use: Clinical cases and management in emergency settings.
Toxicology reports – June 01, 2025
Summary
Emergency medicine data reveals a surge in ketamine-related incidents, particularly among young clubgoers. When mixed with alcohol or other drugs, this party drug can cause dangerous intoxication symptoms including hallucinations and heart problems. Regular use risks serious bladder damage. While current toxicological screening often misses ketamine, adding it to standard tests would help doctors better treat affected patients.
Abstract
The recreational use of ketamine has risen significantly in the Netherlands, particularly among young adults in nightlife settings. This trend has ...
The role of mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium dysregulation in 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe-induced neurotoxicity.
Chemico-biological interactions – April 25, 2025
Summary
Designer drugs known as NBOMe and 2C compounds can severely disrupt cellular energy production in brain cells. Scientists found that NBOMe drugs are particularly toxic, causing significant damage to mitochondria - the cell's power plants. Testing on specialized nerve cells (SH-SY5Y cells) revealed these new psychoactive substances trigger cell death through multiple pathways, including disrupted calcium balance and energy failure. This helps explain their neurotoxicity and dangerous effects.
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are designed to evade legal regulation while mimicking the effects of classic illicit drugs such as 3,4-methylene...
Photothermal Desorption and Reagent-Assisted Low-Temperature Plasma Ionization Miniature IT-MS/MS for On-Site Analysis of Illicit Drugs in Saliva and Urine.
Analytical chemistry – February 11, 2025
Summary
A new portable device brings lab-grade drug testing to roadside checks, detecting illegal substances in saliva within seconds. This breakthrough combines heat-based extraction with specialized ionization techniques to identify drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine at extremely low concentrations. The method matches accuracy of large lab equipment while being fast enough for real-world police use.
Abstract
Globally, drug-impaired driving fatalities now exceed those from drunk driving, urging the need for on-site and roadside detection methods. In this...
Psychotic-Like Experiences in Young Recreational Users of Ketamine: A Case Study.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 08, 2025
Summary
Regular ketamine use among young adults can trigger experiences similar to early psychosis, according to findings from 10 frequent users aged 18-24. Higher usage correlated strongly with psychotic-like symptoms, mimicking schizophrenia patterns through disruption of brain receptors. While other recreational drugs showed minimal impact, ketamine's unique effects raise important mental health considerations for young recreational users.
Abstract
This study explores the psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) associated with recreational ketamine use among young adults. Ketamine, initially introdu...
Modifying Informed Consent to Help Address Functional Unmasking in Psychedelic Clinical Trials.
JAMA psychiatry – March 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic therapy trials face a unique challenge: patients often know whether they've received the actual drug or placebo, potentially skewing results. Recent analysis shows that modifying informed consent forms by carefully limiting information about study design could improve trial accuracy. While this approach shows promise in maintaining scientific integrity, researchers emphasize the need to balance transparency with participant protection and ethical considerations.
Abstract
There is unprecedented clinician, industry, and patient interest in the therapeutic development of psychedelic drugs. This is due to a combination ...
Emerging Illicit Drug "2C": A Case Report on Its Hallucinogenic and Stimulant Properties.
Cureus – September 01, 2024
Summary
A dangerous new party drug called "2C" combines the effects of multiple substances, creating both hallucinogenic experiences and stimulant effects. Doctors documented a young woman with bipolar disorder who experienced intense visual hallucinations and euphoria after using this emerging drug. Her case reveals how 2C differs from traditional hallucinogenic substances, highlighting the growing challenge of treating patients who use these potent new compounds.
Abstract
"2C," formally known as 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is an illicit drug that combines elements of ketamine, MDMA (ecstasy), methamphetamine...
Beyond Pharmacology: A Narrative Review of Alternative Therapies for Anxiety Disorders.
Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) – September 16, 2024
Summary
Natural approaches to managing anxiety disorders show remarkable promise. Regular physical activity, mindfulness practices, and VR therapy effectively reduce symptoms across various anxiety conditions, including PTSD and specific phobias. Studies reveal that combining yoga, herbal supplements, and traditional treatments offers better outcomes than medication alone. These alternative treatments provide safe, accessible options for lasting relief.
Abstract
Anxiety disorders significantly reduce patients' quality of life. Current pharmacological treatments, primarily benzodiazepines and antidepressants...
Ethnoracial inclusion in clinical trials of psychedelics: a systematic review.
EClinicalMedicine – August 01, 2024
Summary
Despite growing interest in psychedelic pharmacology for psychiatric treatment, clinical trials remain strikingly homogeneous. Recent analysis shows 85% of participants are white, highlighting a critical gap in diversity and equity. While inclusion of minority groups has improved since 2018, especially in US-based studies, significant disparities persist. This limits understanding of how psychedelics benefit diverse populations.
Abstract
Prior data indicate limited ethnoracial diversity in studies testing psychedelic-assisted treatments. Regulatory approval for psychedelic treatment...
Treatment Approaches for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Derived From Basic Research on Fear Extinction.
Biological psychiatry – February 15, 2025
Summary
Groundbreaking research reveals how understanding the brain's fear response mechanisms can revolutionize PTSD treatment. By studying fear extinction—how the brain learns to feel safe again—scientists have developed more effective treatments. Exposure therapy combined with targeted medications shows promise in helping trauma survivors. This translational approach bridges lab findings with clinical practice, offering new hope for PTSD recovery.
Abstract
This brief review article will describe treatment approaches for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on findings from basic research. The fo...
Molecular Design of SERTlight: A Fluorescent Serotonin Probe for Neuronal Labeling in the Brain.
Journal of the American Chemical Society – April 10, 2024
Summary
Scientists have developed a groundbreaking fluorescent molecule that selectively illuminates serotonin-producing neurons in the brain. This new tool, which acts like a glowing tracer, helps visualize the brain's serotonin network by entering neurons through their natural transport system. The molecule provides stable, long-lasting signals and can work alongside other imaging tools, offering researchers a powerful way to study how serotonin systems function in the brain.
Abstract
The serotonergic transmitter system plays fundamental roles in the nervous system in neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, pathological processes...
Increases in the use of drug testing kits among nightclub and festival attendees in New York City who use ecstasy, 2017-2022.
Drug and alcohol review – May 01, 2024
Summary
Drug checking practices among NYC nightlife attendees doubled between 2017-2022, showing growing awareness of harm reduction strategies. Testing revealed encouraging news: suspected adulterants in ecstasy dropped by 69%, with methamphetamine contamination falling by 84%. The survey of electronic dance music events found 43% of ecstasy users now test their drugs, with 61% testing consistently - a major increase from 2017's numbers.
Abstract
Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) is a drug commonly used by people who attend electronic dance music (EDM) events at nightclubs a...
Psychedelics: Alternative and Potential Therapeutic Options for Treating Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Molecules – April 13, 2022
Summary
For thousands of years, psychedelics like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide held spiritual and medicinal value in ancient cultures. Now, a new wave of drug studies explores these hallucinogens as neuropharmaceuticals. Evidence suggests their potential for treating anxiety and addiction, offering a promising alternative in psychiatry and psychology. These compounds, affecting neurotransmitter systems, exhibit low toxicity and abuse potential, making them attractive for psychotherapeutic interventions and modern medicine.
Abstract
The word “psychedelic” (psyche (i.e., the mind or soul) and delos (i.e., to show)) has Greek origin and was first coined by psychiatrist Humphry Os...
Psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression
International Journal of Bipolar Disorders – July 05, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin shows promising efficacy in initial randomized trials for unipolar depression, signaling a renaissance in psychiatry. This hallucinogen, alongside lysergic acid diethylamide and mescaline, influences mood by affecting neurotransmitter receptors. While classic psychedelics risk inducing mania, a concern for bipolar disorder, ketamine's enantiomer is already approved for treatment-resistant depression. Clinical psychology explores psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. Future psychopharmacology and drug studies, requiring larger sample sizes and careful chemical synthesis of alkaloids, will determine their broader role for psychotherapists in psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract This is a narrative review about the role of classic and two atypical psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression. Si...
Metabolic fate of drugs of abuse and new psychoactive substances: A pilot study on a novel workflow using a zebrafish embryo model combined with human microdosing.
British journal of clinical pharmacology – June 16, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, tiny zebrafish are proving instrumental in understanding drug metabolism. A new workflow hypothesized that zebrafish embryos could rapidly identify human urine biomarkers for drugs of abuse and new psychoactive substances. By exposing zebrafish, then confirming findings with human microdosing and LC-HRMS/MS analysis, key human metabolites were successfully identified. This offers a quick, reliable method for predicting drug screening markers.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a novel workflow to identify human urine biomarkers for drugs of abuse and new psychoactive substances. Metabo...
Meditation and psychedelics facilitate similar types of mystical, psychological, and philosophical-existential insights predictive of wellbeing: A qualitative-quantitative approach
OpenAlex – June 06, 2025
Summary
Profound transformative experiences, vital for mental health, are not exclusive to psychedelics. Narrative accounts from 147 psychedelic and 66 meditation experiences reveal strikingly similar insights. While Mystical-type insights were more frequent in meditation, value insights were common in psychedelic experiences, a key finding for drug studies. These insights span Psychological, Philosophical-existential, and Mysticism themes, enriching our epistemology of self-understanding. Metacognitive and value insights improved positive affect; Mysticism predicted increased meaning. Both meditation and psychedelic substances offer deep pathways for personal growth, valuable for any psychotherapist addressing existential well-being.
Abstract
Both psychedelic substances and meditation have been proposed to facilitate personally meaningful and transformative experiences, with insights pla...
A Spectrum of Selves Reinforced in Multilevel Coherence: A Contextual Behavioural Response to the Challenges of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Development
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 07, 2021
Summary
The FDA's fast-tracking of two psychedelics, including psilocybin, signals a critical need for refined psychological intervention. A novel psychological flexibility model, adapting Contextual Behavioural Science, offers psychotherapists a robust framework for psychedelic-assisted therapy. This approach addresses unique challenges within the therapeutic context, integrating diverse self-perspectives into a "Spectrum of Selves." By aligning biological mechanisms with desired behavioral changes, it aims to enhance the efficacy of these compounds from drug studies, broadening treatment benefits and reducing relapse. This comprehensive behaviour therapy framework touches on cognitive psychology.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy research for depression and PTSD has been fast tracked in the United States with the Food and Drugs Administration (FD...
Race and Gender Differences in the Moderating Relationship of Psychedelics on Stigma and Distress
Psychedelic Medicine – April 22, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic use, including psilocybin and LSD, is linked to reduced psychological distress stemming from mental health stigma, according to an analysis of 458,372 individuals. This finding, relevant to clinical psychology, suggests potential benefits for mental well-being. However, the impact varies significantly; White men show stronger associations between lifetime psychedelic use and lower distress from stigma. For other groups, including women and individuals of different race/ethnicity, these associations are less pronounced. The influence of these substances on neurotransmitter receptors, often involving tryptophan-derived compounds, may alter social psychology related to stigma, but benefits are not universal.
Abstract
Objective: Prior research has found an association between psychedelic use and reduced stigma attached to mental illness. However, whether psychede...
Exploring Self-Reported Effects of Naturalistic Psychedelic Use Among Gender and Sexual Minorities: A Quantitative Survey Study.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – June 18, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, over two-thirds of LGBTQIA+ individuals report positive shifts in gender identity attitudes after naturalistic psychedelic use. A quantitative survey study explored how these experiences affect identity and mental health. Among 346 participants, significant self-reported improvements included reduced anxiety, depression, and stress, alongside increased psychological flexibility. Many also reported greater self-acceptance and sexual identity exploration. These findings suggest psychedelics can profoundly aid mental health and identity journeys for LGBTQIA+ people.
Abstract
This study investigated subjective psychedelic experiences in the global LGBTQIA+ population. Using validated measures of acute psychedelic effects...
Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research and Development
Frontiers in Pharmacology – July 05, 2018
Summary
**Psilocybin** and other **Psychedelics**, professionally guided by a **Psychotherapist**, are revolutionizing **Psychiatry**. This innovative **Medicine** model offers profound efficacy for mental disorders, with **Drug Studies** indicating over 60% remission rates for treatment-resistant conditions. These compounds, often **alkaloids** from **Chemical synthesis**, exert their **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior**, opening non-ordinary states of **Consciousness**. This paradigm shift challenges traditional **Psychology** diagnostics, addressing root causes like trauma and cultural factors, rather than merely managing symptoms.
Abstract
Mental disorders are rising while development of novel psychiatric medications is declining. This stall in innovation has also been linked with int...
Exploring Jordanian Physicians' and Medical Students' Perspectives on Ketamine and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies: An Insight from the Middle East.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – July 06, 2025
Summary
In Jordan, many physicians and medical students surprisingly show limited familiarity with psychedelic-assisted therapies. A survey explored their attitudes and perceptions towards these emerging mental health treatments, including ketamine. While most respondents were unfamiliar with psychedelics, findings reveal varied perceptions: some oppose, but a significant portion are cautious or supportive. Demographics like age and gender influenced these attitudes. This highlights a clear opportunity for education to enhance understanding of these promising new approaches.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapies and ketamine are two modalities gaining attention in psychiatry for treating conditions such as depression, PTSD, an...
A systematic review of income and education reporting in psychedelic clinical trials
Nature Mental Health – May 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic therapy trials often lack diverse participants. A review of 98 studies found only 12% reported participant income, and 31% reported educational attainment. US trials notably included individuals with significantly higher education and income than the general population. This highlights a critical need for standardized reporting and strategies to boost socioeconomic diversity, ensuring these emerging mental health treatments are broadly accessible and effective for all.
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) substantially influences mental health outcomes and treatment access, yet its reporting in psychedelic-assisted therapy ...
Older Adults in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Trials: A Systematic Review
European Psychiatry – April 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy appears safe for older adults, with no serious adverse events reported in initial data. A systematic review of 36 drug studies, involving 1,400 patients, found only 19 (less than 1.4%) were 65 or older. Detailed safety data for 10 older adults reported only transient mild anxiety or hypertension during sessions. This suggests these compounds, often products of chemical synthesis or alkaloids, are well-tolerated in Medicine and Psychology, offering psychotherapists a potential path to address mental health conditions and influence well-being.
Abstract
Introduction Growing clinical interest in psychedelic-assisted therapies has led to a second wave of research involving psilocybin, LSD, MDMA and o...
Treatment and therapy of mental health conditions in the Global South using psychedelics: A scoping review and narrative synthesis
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – June 21, 2024
Summary
Traditional plant medicines show renewed promise for mental health. A review explored psychedelic treatment for mental health conditions in the Global South. It found these approaches are feasible and demonstrate promising efficacy for issues like depression. Importantly, they offer excellent safety with no serious side effects and prove cost-effective, providing a vital new option for communities with unmet needs.
Abstract
AbstractBackground and aimsPsychedelics show promise for treatment of mental health conditions (MHCs). But there is relatively little research on i...
Exploring Legal Frameworks for the Clinical Use of Psychedelic Substances in Mental Health Treatment
CORE – July 25, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic substances like psilocybin show promise for treating mental health conditions such as depression and PTSD. A global legal review reveals diverse approaches, with some nations, like the US, cautiously advancing clinical use. This analysis provides vital insights for policymakers, guiding the development of regulations that promote safe, responsible access to these innovative therapies.
Abstract
In recent years, interest in the use of psychedelic substances in the treatment of mental disorders has increased significantly. Recent research sh...