3034 results for "Psilocybin"
Production Options for Psilocybin: Making of the Magic
Chemistry - A European Journal – July 16, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen from "magic mushrooms," shows remarkable promise as a therapeutic for depression and anxiety, transforming its role in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. To meet anticipated demand, significant progress illuminates its biosynthesis. This enables efficient enzymatic in vitro and heterologous in vivo production, complementing existing Chemical synthesis of alkaloids. Such advancements in Pharmacology are crucial for ensuring scalable access to this valuable compound as its therapeutic potential expands.
Abstract
Abstract The fungal genus Psilocybe and other genera comprise numerous mushroom species that biosynthesize psilocybin (4‐phosphoryloxy‐ N , N ‐dime...
Psilocybin impairs high-level but not low-level motion perception
Neuroreport – August 01, 2004
Summary
Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, creates compelling illusions of motion by selectively disrupting how the brain processes complex visual information. In a study involving nine human volunteers, this psychedelic substance impaired global motion perception—the ability to discern overall movement patterns—while leaving simpler local motion detection unaffected. This finding offers crucial insights for psychology and neuroscience, suggesting how neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior can model aspects of clinical psychosis and enhance our understanding of visual perception and cognitive psychology.
Abstract
The hallucinogenic serotonin(1A&2A) agonist psilocybin is known for its ability to induce illusions of motion in otherwise stationary objects or te...
Psilocybin as a New Approach to Treat Depression and Anxiety in the Context of Life-Threatening Diseases—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Biomedicines – September 05, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin shows significant promise for treating anxiety and depression. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials involving 92 patients revealed this psychedelic medicine reduced Beck Depression Inventory scores by an average of 4.589 points. For anxiety, 92 patients saw State-Trait Anxiety scores drop by 5.906 points, and 41 patients experienced a 6.032-point reduction in State Anxiety. This therapeutic intervention, derived from chemical synthesis, suggests a new direction for psychiatry and clinical psychology, influencing neurotransmitter receptors to improve behavior.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a naturally occurring tryptamine known for its psychedelic properties. Recent research indicates that psilocybin may constitute a val...
Psilocybin: From Serendipity to Credibility?
Frontiers in Psychiatry – April 21, 2021
Summary
Offering paid psilocybin interventions, a hallucinogen, in retreat centers risks undermining its scientific credibility, despite encouraging early clinical trials. While psychology and psychiatry explore its therapeutic potential, robust medicine requires extensive, multi-year clinical trials. Prematurely commercializing this psychedelic disregards ethical principles from the 1947 Nuremberg Code and 1962 Kefauver Harris Amendments. This approach jeopardizes the rigorous development needed for any drug, impacting diverse academic research themes.
Abstract
Psilocybin has a long history of non-medical use and some seem to infer from this that it has therapeutic utility. Early phase clinical trials with...
The Use of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders with Attention to Relative Safety Profile: A Systematic Review
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – February 28, 2022
Summary
The hallucinogen psilocybin, a potent alkaloid, shows remarkable promise in psychiatry. A review of 76 articles highlights its efficacy in significantly reducing anxiety and depression symptoms, a major burden on population health. This psychedelic medicine, alongside MDMA, causes no reported adverse effects or deaths, offering a compelling alternative in drug studies for psychological well-being. Its re-emergence signals a "Psychedelic Renaissance," broadening the scope of complementary medicine. The potential for such compounds, naturally derived, to alleviate depression is a significant development for the population.
Abstract
There has been a reemergence of research into the use of substances such as LSD, MDMA, and psilocybin for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. T...
Lifetime use of MDMA/ecstasy and psilocybin is associated with reduced odds of major depressive episodes
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2022
Summary
Lifetime MDMA/Ecstasy use is associated with 16% lower odds of experiencing a major depressive episode. An analysis of 213,437 US adults found MDMA, or Ecstasy, linked to 16-18% lower odds of these episodes. The hallucinogen Psilocybin, a classic psychedelic, correlated with 10-13% lower odds. These findings offer intriguing insights for Psychiatry and Medicine, suggesting potential avenues for Psychology in addressing major depressive episodes, unlike other substances examined.
Abstract
Background: Depression is a major mental health issue worldwide, with high rates of chronicity and non-recovery associated with the condition. Exis...
Sensitive quantitative analysis of psilocin and psilocybin in hair samples from suspected users and their distribution in seized hallucinogenic mushrooms
Forensic Toxicology – February 02, 2021
Summary
Psilocin, a potent hallucinogen, was detected in human hair samples from consumers at 161 and 150 pg/mg. This significant advance in Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis utilized a highly sensitive quantitative chemistry method. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), specifically High-performance liquid chromatography with formic acid and electrospray ionization in selected reaction monitoring, achieved a 1 pg/mg detection limit for psilocybin and psilocin. This tandem mass spectrometry approach also analyzed seven hallucinogenic mushrooms, contributing to Psychedelics and Drug Studies and broader mushroom analysis.
Abstract
Abstract Purpose In this study, we developed a very sensitive method for quantitative analysis of psilocin and psilocybin in hair samples of magic ...
Four individuals' experiences during and following a psilocybin truffle retreat in the Netherlands
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – April 16, 2021
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that a high dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin can lead to positive after-effects lasting up to a year. Qualitative research, using deep interpretative analysis of narratives from four healthy individuals at a legal retreat, revealed profound shifts. A central theme was enhanced social connectedness, impacting perception of self and others. This experiential learning offers insights for psychology and developmental psychology, contributing to psychedelics and drug studies. The findings illuminate aspects of social psychology and potential psychotherapeutic relevance, touching upon diverse academic research themes through a social analysis of personal transformation.
Abstract
Abstract This article reports on the experiences of four healthy individuals who attended a legal psilocybin truffle retreat in the Netherlands. Th...
Case report: Prolonged amelioration of mild red-green color vision deficiency following psilocybin mushroom use
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2023
Summary
A single 5-gram dose of psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, dramatically improved red-green color vision in one individual. Partial improvement, assessed via Ishihara tests, peaked at 8 days and persisted for at least 16 days, despite color blindness being genetic. This intriguing finding for Medicine and Psychology suggests new directions for Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Understanding these effects requires biochemical analysis of such alkaloids, whether from chemical synthesis or natural sources, to gauge their impact on perception and inform generalizability.
Abstract
Background Recent survey data indicate that some people report long-term improvement in color vision deficiency (CVD), also known as color blindnes...
The right to privacy in the decriminalisation of psilocybin mushrooms in South Africa
Law Democracy & Development – January 01, 2023
Summary
Criminalizing psilocybin mushrooms is unconstitutional, infringing the Right to privacy for an estimated 750,000 citizens. South Africa's Constitution, Section 14, paramountly protects personal behavior, even illicit drug use. Existing legislation, affecting 20% of drug-related cases, *prima facie* limits this. Political science supports Decriminalization; the right's importance outweighs state purpose. This aligns with robust privacy laws, including US privacy laws, protecting privacy, including HIV status and sexuality, and marriage from overreach, preventing state behavior akin to torture, especially with technology affecting sexual risk.
Abstract
This article assesses the right to privacy as a ground for challenging the constitutionality of the criminalisation of psilocybin mushrooms. In doi...
Therapeutic potential of psilocybin: a promising agent in treating major depressive disorder
AIDASCO Reviews – January 17, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen and alkaloid, offers remarkable promise in Psychiatry for Major depressive disorder. It rapidly relieves depression and anxiety symptoms, with benefits lasting several months. This focus of Psychedelics and Drug Studies provides a non-addictive path for Medicine to address the global burden of psychological disorders. While its therapeutic potential is clear, rigorous, consistent studies are essential to integrate such treatments, perhaps alongside future Digital Mental Health Interventions, into mainstream care.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a serious mental disorder and ranks first among psychiatric disorders that d...
Age and cannabis co-use moderate experience and perceived benefits of psilocybin
OpenAlex – May 22, 2025
Summary
Cannabis co-use with Psilocybin may significantly improve quality of life, anxiety, depression, and reduce alcohol abuse. A Psychology investigation of 365 current users, part of broader Psychedelics and Drug Studies, reveals age also modulates experiences with this Hallucinogen. Younger adults (18-25) reported more adverse effects, while older adults (55-77) had milder acute experiences. This Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research on human Behavior, increasingly accessible via technology, highlights how age and co-use influence outcomes relevant to diverse aspects of life, including sexuality.
Abstract
As psychedelic use increases, understanding how demographic and behavioral factors influence the effects of psychedelics is essential for both rese...
Drugs in therapy. LSD, MDMA, marijuana, psilocybin, designer drugs and its potential in modern medicine.
Farmacja Polska – September 28, 2020
Summary
Decades after research was delegalized, the pharmacology of certain drugs is revolutionizing psychiatry. Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide, once categorized as hallucinogens, show promise for anxiety, depression, and addiction. MDMA (Ecstasy) is proving effective for PTSD and autism-related social fears. Even designer drugs are being explored as potential medicine. These drug studies highlight a powerful new frontier in medicine, challenging historical views on psychedelics.
Abstract
Research on using drugs in medicine was almost completely stopped and delegalized in 1971, by Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Most of studie...
Psilocybin for Treating Psychiatric Disorders: Is it a Psychonaut Legend or a Promising Therapeutic Perspective?
Preprints.org – June 28, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen from over 200 mushroom species, is re-emerging in modern Psychiatry. Identified via chemical synthesis and alkaloids research in 1957, this compound, now central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, was scheduled in 1970. However, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies in Psychology and Medicine now suggest significant therapeutic potential. A psychotherapist's perspective indicates it may effectively address pathological Anxiety, Mood disorders, and Addiction, offering a new outlook. This shift provides a fresh perspective on mental health.
Abstract
Psychedelics extracted by plants have been used in religious, spiritual and mystic practices for millennia. In 1957, Dr. Hofmann have identified an...
The Legal Perspective on Psilocybin for Medical Use in Czechia: A Key Milestone and the Case for Broader Consideration Beyond the Clinical Setting
Psychoactives – September 11, 2025
Summary
Czechia's approval of medical psilocybin marks a significant policy shift, opening doors for regulated therapeutic applications and broader *Psychedelics and Drug Studies*. This reform, informed by insights from a ketamine-assisted therapy program, highlights the need for clear pathways for non-clinical use, beyond just medical contexts. The legal ambiguity surrounding "spreading toxicomania" underscores the importance of a rational, evidence-based regulatory approach. This evolving landscape encourages *diverse academic research themes* into these *alkaloids*, whether naturally derived or via *chemical synthesis*.
Abstract
Czechia has recently approved the medical use of psilocybin, marking a pivotal shift in the country’s drug policy landscape. This development paves...
The psychedelic renaissance: psilocybin, a breakthrough for treatment resistant depression?
Exploration of neuroscience – August 07, 2025
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, combined with intensive psychotherapy, rapidly and significantly alleviates severe, treatment-resistant depression. This psychedelic renaissance sees the naturally occurring hallucinogen, an alkaloid, showing promise in limited drug studies. Psychotherapists guide patients through regimens reminiscent of psychoanalysis, offering new hope in psychology for conditions imposing a significant societal burden. Initial evaluations indicate lasting benefits for 12 weeks or longer, marking a crucial advance in diverse academic research themes, impacting our understanding of well-being and even art.
Abstract
Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is frequently encountered in clinical practice. The lack of response of the condition to conventional medicati...
Effects of the hallucinogenic drugs mescaline, phencyclidine and psilocybin on zebrafish behavior and physiology
The FASEB Journal – April 01, 2012
Summary
Mescaline, a potent hallucinogen, reduced anxiety and increased social behavior in Zebrafish (Danio) at 10-20 mg/L in Open field tests. Pharmacology research, vital for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, showed Phencyclidine (PCP) at 1-3 mg/L caused erratic swimming, disrupting exploratory Psychology. Psilocybin, a psychotomimetic, had no behavioral effects. These findings, exploring Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior through Chemistry, confirm Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications for understanding complex drug actions, including Lysergic acid diethylamide and subtle behaviors like scratching.
Abstract
Mescaline, phencyclidine (PCP) and psilocybin are potent hallucinogenic drugs strongly affecting both human and animal behavior. However, these com...
229. PSILOCYBIN WITH PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC SUPPORT FOR TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION: A PILOT CLINICAL TRIAL
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
A pilot clinical trial showed psilocybin, a compound from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, combined with psychotherapeutic support, significantly reduced symptoms for treatment-resistant depression. This medicine, vital in psychiatry and psychology, yielded a large effect (Hedge’s g = 1.41). Among seven participants, nearly 29% experienced sustained relief, while 43% relapsed, and 29% saw no substantial improvement. Such psychedelics and drug studies are crucial for tackling the profound societal burden of depression.
Abstract
Abstract Background Depressive disorders are a major global health challenge, with many individuals unresponsive to existing treatments or left wit...
University Students’ Motives for Psilocybin Use: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Journal of Drug Issues – April 26, 2025
Summary
Motives for using psilocybin, a complex alkaloid, vary significantly with dose. An online survey revealed that reasons for microdosing (0.1–0.4 g) diverge from those for macrodosing (1 g+). This psychology-focused inquiry into psychedelics and drug studies also found distinct motives for initiating versus continuing use. Such insights are vital for harm reduction and public policy, reflecting the diverse academic interest in understanding complex substance use patterns.
Abstract
Motives are a highly influential force in substance use and vary depending on the substance or dose being used. Little research has compared motive...
The Action on Psilocybin in Neural Plasticity, Brain Reorganization and Cognitive Enhancement
Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences – September 28, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a unique indole alkaloid from chemical synthesis, avoids addiction by not interacting with the brain's reward system. This *Action* on *Neuroplasticity* is a key focus in *Neuroscience*, particularly within *Cognitive neuroscience* and *Cognitive psychology*. *Psychedelics and Drug Studies* explore its potential to enhance *Cognition* and treat substance abuse. People report significant improvements in mood, reduced anxiety, and increased concentration, highlighting its profound *Psychology* benefits for various conditions.
Abstract
Psilocybin and psilocin do not cause addiction or dependence, as they do not interact with the dopaminergic reward system. New pharmacological trea...
Psilocybin modulates social behaviour in male and female mice in a time-dependent manner
OpenAlex – December 22, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters social behavior and empathy differently across sexes. In female mice given 1.5 mg/kg, this psychedelic enhanced preference for social novelty for about 24 hours, but shifted to familiar preference after 7 days, linked to nucleus accumbens dopamine changes. Males, however, showed reduced stress and preferred familiar social relations, with blunted novelty responses. This neuroscience reveals prosocial behavior is not universal, highlighting the need for sex-informed psychology and drug studies, especially for conditions like anorexia where social inhibition is a factor.
Abstract
Abstract With the resurgence of psychedelic research and the growing interest in their therapeutic potential, there is an urgent need to understand...
Pharmacological Management of Anxiety in End‐of‐Life Care: A Systematic Review of Benzodiazepines, Opioids, and Psilocybin
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – January 01, 2026
Summary
A systematic review shows psilocybin, a hallucinogen, offers rapid, sustained anxiety relief for end-of-life patients. Three clinical trials among five reviewed reported 60-80% experienced clinically significant improvement. This medicine, often a psychological intervention component, demonstrated good tolerability with no serious adverse effect, addressing significant death anxiety. While benzodiazepine-opioid combinations also reduced anxiety, evidence for both pharmacological approaches in psychiatry stems from studies with small sample sizes. Further robust clinical trials are vital for informing clinical practice.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective Anxiety is common in patients receiving end‐of‐life care and significantly impacts their quality of life. However, pharmacologic...
Towards Novel Antidepressant Strategies: A Comparative Study of Ketamine, Psilocybin, and Fluoxetine in a Chronic Stress Model
OpenAlex – October 07, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, a single dose of psychedelics like ketamine or psilocybin rapidly reversed depression-like behaviors in mice, with effects sustained for up to 14 days. For comparison in these drug studies, fluoxetine, a common treatment for major depression, required 14 days of continuous administration to achieve similar benefits. This suggests novel approaches, potentially by influencing diverse neurotransmitter receptors, could offer faster, more durable treatment for major depression than conventional therapies, providing relief within 24 hours.
Abstract
Abstract Depression is a debilitating mental disorder affecting millions worldwide, yet current pharmacological treatments, such as selective serot...
Psilocybin in late-life mental health: Addressing depression, loneliness, and existential anxiety
General Hospital Psychiatry – December 09, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin therapy holds significant promise for addressing late-life mental health conditions like depression and loneliness, where traditional treatments often falter. Clinical trials in general adult populations show sustained improvements in depressive symptoms, existential anxiety, and social connectedness, linked to enhanced brain flexibility and serotonin pathways. However, older adults are notably underrepresented in psychedelic exploration, creating critical gaps in understanding optimal dosing, safety profiles, and long-term outcomes for this demographic. Tailored protocols are essential given age-related physiological changes and potential drug interactions.
Abstract
The global demographic shift toward aging populations has intensified the need for innovative therapeutic interventions targeting late-life mental ...
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin and Ketamine in Major Depressive Disorder including Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Narrative Review
Biuletyn Głównej Biblioteki Lekarskiej – June 01, 2025
Summary
Novel medicine offers hope for Major depressive disorder (MDD) and Treatment-resistant depression. Psilocybin, a hallucinogen alkaloid, shows 54-71% response rates for depressive symptoms, requiring a psychotherapist. Ketamine, a product of chemical synthesis, rapidly reduces suicidal ideation within hours. Both agents, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, represent a paradigm shift in psychiatry and clinical psychology. Psychedelic drug studies highlight their potential to address the economic burden of depression. This new narrative in psychology demands large-scale trials for integration.
Abstract
Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD), including treatment-resistant depression (TRD), represents significant global health challenges with conv...
Consistency of protocol and safety data reporting in clinical trial registrations and corresponding publications of interventions involving MDMA and psilocybin.
Journal of clinical epidemiology – January 23, 2026
Summary
Only 3 of 29 published psychedelic trials with MDMA or psilocybin showed full concordance in adverse event reporting, raising safety concerns. An analysis of 336 ClinicalTrials.gov registrations revealed significant reporting gaps. For instance, 72.0% of completed trials never posted results. Furthermore, 17.6% of trials altered primary outcomes, and 28.6% changed eligibility criteria, often after participant recruitment. Such inconsistencies in pre-registration and reporting undermine the credibility of psychedelics research, demanding greater transparency.
Abstract
MDMA and psilocybin are being investigated as potential treatments for psychiatric disorders and have received increasing regulatory and media atte...
Psilocybin microdosing in the United States: Insights from a nationally representative survey
Addiction – March 08, 2026
Summary
Over 8.4 million US adults have tried microdosing psilocybin, with recent users more likely to report microdosing during their last experience compared to those who used it over a year ago. Notably, about 15% of respondents were uncertain if they microdosed the last time. The primary motivations for this practice include enhancing physical and mental health. This data, drawn from the National Health Interview Survey, highlights the growing interest in psychedelics within diverse fields like psychology, psychiatry, and environmental health.
Abstract
At least 8.4 million US adults have microdosed psilocybin in their lifetime. Those who have used psilocybin within the past year are more likely to...
Psilocybin alters visual contextual computations.
Nature communications – November 21, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin fundamentally shifts how the brain processes visual context, offering a clearer understanding of its effects. Using visual illusions, advanced brain imaging, and computer models, researchers investigated how psilocybin alters perception and brain dynamics. They discovered it changes how people perceive contextual visual cues and modifies brain responses. This highlights that altering contextual computations is a key mechanism underlying psychedelic action.
Abstract
Psilocybin alters perception and brain dynamics. Here, we investigate the effects of psilocybin using psychophysics, ultra-high field functional MR...
Genetic regulation of L-tryptophan metabolism in Psilocybe mexicana supports psilocybin biosynthesis.
Fungal biology and biotechnology – April 25, 2024
Summary
Magic mushrooms precisely control their tryptophan metabolism to produce psilocybin, which can make up 2% of their dry weight. When these Basidiomycota fungi transition from threadlike growth to mushroom formation, they boost tryptophan production while blocking competing metabolic flux pathways, efficiently channeling resources into psilocybin synthesis.
Abstract
Although Basidiomycota produce pharmaceutically and ecologically relevant natural products, knowledge of how they coordinate their primary and seco...
Effects of psilocybin, the 5-HT2A receptor agonist TCB-2, and the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907 on visual attention in male mice in the continuous performance test.
Psychopharmacology – October 19, 2023
Summary
Serotonin-targeting compounds like psilocybin show promise in treating mental health, but their effects on attention remain unclear. Research with mice revealed that psilocybin and related compounds (TCB-2 and M100907) affected visual attention tasks, though mainly at doses that also reduced movement. The findings suggest these effects stem from broader behavioral changes rather than direct impact on attention processes.
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression are characterized in part by attention deficits. Attention is modulated by the serotonin (5-HT) neuro...
Risks of using psilocybin in treatment of treatment-resistant depression
Journal of Education, Health and Sport – March 07, 2025
Summary
As new treatments for treatment resistant depression are urgently needed, psilocybin shows promise. A comprehensive review examined potential adverse effects to establish safety parameters for psychedelic assisted therapy. Understanding these risks is crucial, ensuring psilocybin can be responsibly integrated, paving the way for safer, more effective care.
Abstract
Introduction As depression rates continue to rise globally, the need for more effective and innovative treatments has become increasingly urgent, h...
P300‐mediated modulations in self–other processing under psychedelic psilocybin are related to connectedness and changed meaning: A window into the self–other overlap
Human Brain Mapping – August 21, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin profoundly alters how we perceive ourselves, blurring the distinction between self and other. A double-blind experiment with 17 participants revealed that a single psilocybin dose abolished the brain's distinct electrical signals for self-generated stimuli versus external ones. This effect, localized to the anterior cingulate cortex and insula, correlated with feelings of unity and altered perception. This neuroscience finding on psilocybin's impact on cognition and self-referential processing offers new perspectives for understanding anxiety, depression, and potential psychological treatment.
Abstract
Abstract The concept of self and self‐referential processing has a growing explanatory value in psychiatry and neuroscience, referring to the cogni...
Psilocybin with psychotherapeutic support for treatment-resistant depression: a pilot clinical trial
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies show promise for depression. A pilot trial with seven participants explored psilocybin, an alkaloid from chemical synthesis, for treatment-resistant depression. Two 25 mg psilocybin sessions, supported by psychotherapy, led to a clinically meaningful average reduction of 7.14 points in depressive symptoms, a large effect (Hedges’ g = –1.27). This highlights psilocybin's Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. While two participants (28.6%) experienced sustained improvement, three (42.8%) relapsed. Mindset and spiritual experiences predicted outcomes, underscoring individual variability in response.
Abstract
Background: Depressive disorders are a major global health challenge, with many individuals unresponsive to existing treatments. Novel psychedelic ...
Effects of the Hallucinogen Psilocybin on Covert Orienting of Visual Attention in Humans
Neuropsychobiology – January 01, 2002
Summary
A compelling finding in Psychology reveals Psilocybin, a Serotonergic Hallucinogen, profoundly disrupts cognitive processes related to Vigilance (psychology). In a double-blind Neuroscience study, 8 healthy volunteers each received Psilocybin, a Stimulant (Methamphetamine), or a Placebo. Psilocybin users exhibited significantly slower reaction times and impaired Inhibition of return, particularly for right visual field targets. This suggests Psychedelics, like Lysergic acid diethylamide, can model aspects of Psychosis, highlighting Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Such Drug Studies, utilizing Psychometrics, inform potential Treatment for Anxiety or Depression.
Abstract
Hallucinogenic drug-induced states are considered as models for acute schizophrenic disorders (experimental psychoses). In a double-blind study wit...
Validation of the forced swim test in Drosophila, and its use to demonstrate psilocybin has long-lasting antidepressant-like effects in flies
Scientific Reports – June 15, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent psychedelic, demonstrates significant antidepressant potential. A new *Drosophila melanogaster* model, employing a *behavioural despair test*, explored these effects. This *test*, a valuable tool in *neuroscience* and *pharmacology*, first confirmed the *antidepressant* citalopram's efficacy in both sexes. Crucially, psilocybin dramatically reduced immobility in male fruit flies. A 0.03 mM dose showed antidepressant-like effects comparable to citalopram, with 3.5 mM psilocybin achieving an effect size twice as strong. This *biology* research advances *psychedelics* in *drug studies*, leveraging *plant and animal studies*.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin has been shown to be a powerful, long-lasting antidepressant in human clinical trials and in rodent models. Although rodents ha...
Detection of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Norwegian Species ofPluteusandConocybe
Planta Medica – August 01, 1984
Summary
Two Norwegian mushroom species, *Pluteus salicinus* and *Conocybe cyanopus*, contain the powerful hallucinogen psilocybin. Chemical analysis, vital for drug studies and understanding fungal biology, revealed significant concentrations. Dried *Pluteus salicinus* contained 0.35% psilocybin and 0.011% psilocin. *Conocybe cyanopus* showed even higher levels, ranging from 0.33-0.55% psilocybin and 0.004-0.007% psilocin. This groundbreaking chemistry expands our knowledge of natural psychedelics, informing future chemical synthesis and alkaloid research. Such applications are crucial for understanding these compounds.
Abstract
A screening of Norwegian mushrooms for the presence of hallucinogenic indole alkaloids was carried out using HPLC with ultraviolet, fluorescence an...
Acute effects of psilocybin on the dynamics of gaze fixations during visual aesthetic perception
OpenAlex – November 01, 2023
Summary
High doses of psilocybin dramatically alter visual perception, redirecting gaze. Using eye tracking in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design with two distinct psilocybin doses, a study revealed this hallucinogen leads to a more localized visual exploration of paintings, rather than broad scanning. This shift in eye movement and fixation suggests a profound impact on consciousness and cognitive psychology, mediated by altered perception of low-level visual information like textures. Participants reported heightened emotional responses, underscoring psilocybin's effect on how we experience visual stimuli. Neuroscience continues to explore these psychedelic insights.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale Serotonergic psychedelics are remarkable for their capacity to induce variable yet reproducible modifications to human conscious...
Depressionen: Remission durch Psilocybin bei laufender SSRI-Therapie
Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie – April 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking finding in Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggests Psilocybin can enhance existing antidepressant therapy for Treatment of Major Depression. Traditionally, patients discontinue antidepressants before Psilocybin administration due to concerns about altered psychedelic effects. However, new Medicine research indicates Psilocybin positively complements SSRI treatment, rather than being hindered by it. This opens new avenues in Psychology and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, potentially improving outcomes for those struggling with depression without requiring medication cessation.
Abstract
Psilocybin ist ein Indolalkaloid aus der Gruppe der Tryptamine und wird zur Behandlung behandlungsresistenter Depressionen (TRD) untersucht. Da die...
Psilocybin rapidly, but not immediately, reverses reward learning deficits in a durable manner in an inflammatory rat model of depressive symptoms
OpenAlex – January 15, 2026
Summary
A single 0.3 mg/kg dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin rapidly reverses anhedonia, a core depressive symptom, in a rat model. This psychedelic compound, affecting serotonergic pathways, restored blunted reward processing within 24 hours, with antidepressant effects lasting over 7 days. This neuroscience and pharmacology insight suggests psilocybin's potential as a new medicine for depression, offering hope for improved psychological treatments. Psilocybin, a key focus in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, demonstrates sustained benefits.
Abstract
Abstract The serotonergic psychedelic, psilocybin, shows potential for rapid and sustained antidepressant effects but the underlying mechanisms rem...
Novel Neurobiological Approaches to Anxiety-Related Disorders: Clinical and Neuroimaging Investigations of Psilocybin and Ketamine-Based Interventions
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) – September 09, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin and ketamine show promise as psychological interventions for anxiety disorders, often resistant to conventional medicine. Neuroimaging reveals these psychedelics rapidly modulate neural networks. Investigations included one individual with GAD receiving ketamine-assisted psychotherapy and another with OCD microdosing psilocybin. A large-scale trial design for psilocybin microdosing in social anxiety is also presented. This emerging field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies informs psychotherapist training, vital for over 600,000 Francophone patients seeking mental health support.
Abstract
Angst og traumarelaterede lidelser,herunder generaliseret angstlidelse (GAD), obsessiv-kompulsiv lidelse (OCD), posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD)...
Should addiction researchers be interested in psychedelic science?
Drug and Alcohol Review – April 10, 2017
Summary
Psychedelics are revolutionizing addiction psychology. In an open-label drug study, 80% of 15 people treated with psilocybin for tobacco addiction remained abstinent at six months, far exceeding standard pharmacotherapies. A survey of 358 individuals reported 74% abstained for over two years. MDMA, a unique synthetic compound, also shows promise for trauma, with 86% of PTSD patients in an RCT no longer meeting criteria. These findings highlight significant neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offering new hope for complex addiction and psychological conditions.
Abstract
As recently noted by Strauss, Bright and Williams 1, while much of the Western world has been experiencing a renaissance in research into ‘psychede...
Long-term outcomes of single-dose psilocybin for U.S. military Veterans with severe treatment-resistant depression - 12-month data from an open-label pilot study.
Journal of affective disorders – June 09, 2025
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, the active compound in psychedelic mushrooms, showed promising results for Veterans battling severe treatment-resistant depression. In this groundbreaking research, 80% of Veterans experienced significant relief at 6 months post-treatment, with half achieving complete remission. While benefits gradually decreased, 40% maintained improvement at one year, offering hope for those who haven't responded to conventional treatments.
Abstract
One-third of Veterans with major depressive disorder suffer from treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This is the first study to evaluate the long...
The Emergence of Psilocybin in Psychiatry and Neuroscience
Pharmaceuticals – April 09, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is showing compelling promise in Psychiatry and Medicine. Emerging evidence from clinical trials supports its efficacy for conditions like Major depressive disorder and anxiety. This psychedelic compound, whose therapeutic action involves Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, offers new avenues in Psychology. Advances in Chemical synthesis and alkaloids are vital for broader access. As Psychedelics and Drug Studies progress, careful integration is key to realizing psilocybin's potential.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic compound, has garnered renewed scientific interest for its potential in treating psychiatric and neur...
Extraction Yields of Psilocybin and Psilocin: A Short Review of Current Methods and Their Implications
Pharmaceuticals – March 07, 2025
Summary
Producing pharmaceutical-grade psilocybin, a promising psychedelic alkaloid, is challenging despite its therapeutic potential. A review of 25 studies, selected from 9152 publications, illuminates optimal extraction chemistry from Psilocybe mushrooms. Ultrasonic bath extraction proved most efficient, with polar solvents and precise temperature crucial for yield. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was the primary method for quantifying these compounds. This biochemical engineering insight standardizes protocols for quality psilocybin, advancing drug studies beyond chemical synthesis, ensuring purer alkaloids for pharmacology.
Abstract
The growing body of evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy of psychoactive substances, like psilocybin, has driven significant interest in re...
A Psilocybin Experience Gone Wrong: The Importance of Psychedelic Assisted Psychotherapy
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 07, 2025
Summary
A single patient's adverse psilocybin experience, a powerful hallucinogen, without a guiding psychotherapist resulted in inpatient psychiatry admission. This case, pivotal for Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, emphasizes the necessity of controlled settings. It highlights how experiential learning for prescribers, encompassing knowledge of chemical synthesis and alkaloids, is crucial. Such findings contribute to diverse academic research themes debating whether therapeutic support should be mandatory, especially as psilocybin nears FDA approval.
Abstract
As psilocybin awaits approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), scholars debate whether psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy should be requi...
Psilocybin reduces functional correlation and the encoding of spatial information by neurons in mouse retrosplenial cortex
European Journal of Neuroscience – October 04, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, profoundly disrupts spatial perception by altering activity in the retrosplenial cortex. Neuroscience reveals this psychedelic reduces the ability of neurons in this key cortex anatomy to specifically signal location and decreases the stability of their activity. This finding, crucial for Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggests a mechanism for disorientation. Biochemical analysis showed these effects are mediated by neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, specifically the serotonin 2A receptor. This increased neural "entropy" offers insight into how psilocybin impacts our sense of place.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic drugs have profound effects on perception, cognition and mood. How psychedelics affect neural signaling to produce these effec...
Comparing psilocybin to metformin as neuroprotective agents against Parkinson's dementia: A systematic review of evidence and efficacy.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – January 10, 2025
Summary
Both metformin and psilocybin show promising potential in protecting brain cells from Parkinson's disease damage. While metformin works by reducing cellular stress and preventing protein buildup, psilocybin promotes brain repair through serotonin pathway activation. This groundbreaking comparison reveals both compounds could offer prophylactic treatment options for neurodegenerative disease prevention.
Abstract
Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has remained largely unchanged and focuses primarily on symptomatic relief through activation of dopaminergic...
Single-dose psilocybin for U.S. military Veterans with severe treatment-resistant depression - A first-in-kind open-label pilot study.
Journal of affective disorders – January 15, 2025
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin showed remarkable results in Veterans battling severe depression that hadn't responded to multiple treatments. In this groundbreaking exploration, 60% of participating Veterans experienced significant relief from depression within three weeks, with over half achieving complete remission. The treatment proved effective even for those with PTSD, offering new hope for Veterans struggling with treatment-resistant depression.
Abstract
The enduring and severe depression often suffered by Veterans causes immense suffering and is associated with high rates of suicide and disability....
[Psilocybin fungi microdose treatment in major depressive disorder: a case report].
Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina) – July 10, 2024
Summary
A 19-year-old with severe major depressive disorder achieved complete symptom remission through carefully monitored psilocybin microdosing. Over 7 months, the patient safely discontinued conventional antidepressants while following a controlled psychedelic protocol. Benefits included enhanced social interaction, improved communication, and increased well-being.
Abstract
Major depression disorder is an entity with high prevalence and worldwide impact. Current treatments present a non-response rate of 15-30%, and cer...
Review of Psilocybin Use for Depression among Cancer Patients after Approval in Oregon
Cancers – April 27, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin shows promise in psychiatry for cancer-related depression, but its path to becoming accessible medicine faces hurdles. Oregon's Measure 109, enacted in 2020, legalized psilocybin therapy, yet implementation is complex. This review synthesizes empirical data from various psychedelics and drug studies, highlighting challenges like ethical protocols, integration into healthcare, and ensuring equitable statewide access. Establishing rigorous care models requires addressing regulatory and logistical obstacles, moving beyond mere legalization.
Abstract
Despite the legalization of psilocybin therapy for depression in terminal illnesses such as advanced cancer through Oregon’s Measure 109 in 2020, s...
Determination of psilocybin and psilocin content in multiple Psilocybe cubensis mushroom strains using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry.
Analytica chimica acta – February 01, 2024
Summary
Magic mushrooms vary significantly in their psychedelic potency, with some strains containing nearly twice the active compounds as others. Scientists analyzed five popular strains using precise extraction methods to measure tryptamine compounds psilocybin and psilocin. The Creeper strain proved most potent at 1.36%, while Thai Cubensis contained 0.88% of these indoleamine compounds.
Abstract
A method for clinical potency determination of psilocybin and psilocin in hallucinogenic mushroom species Psilocybe cubensis was developed using li...
Psychedelics, With a Focus on Psilocybin: Issues for the Clinician.
Journal of psychiatric practice – September 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, the active compound in "magic mushrooms," shows remarkable potential in treating mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. Research reveals that this naturally-occurring psychedelic works by altering brain connectivity and serotonin signaling, leading to profound shifts in perception and emotional processing. Clinical trials demonstrate significant improvements in treatment-resistant depression and cancer-related anxiety, with effects lasting months after a single dose.
Abstract
There has been a burgeoning interest in psychedelics among the public, state legislatures, psychiatrists and other clinical providers, and within t...
Prevalence of psilocybin use in vaping and associated factors: a study among amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) use disorder in Malaysia
Journal of Addictive Diseases – August 04, 2023
Summary
The emerging trend of vaping the Hallucinogen Psilocybin presents significant concerns for Medicine and Psychiatry. Its growing use, particularly among individuals consuming Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and across broader Demography, highlights a critical gap in understanding. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis reveal this rise. Unlike some insights from Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, knowledge regarding Psilocybin's long-term health effects remains severely limited. Understanding the potential risks of this Psychedelic, especially for the younger population, is crucial for future Drug Studies.
Abstract
Psilocybin in vaping is growing among ATS users and across all populations. Unfortunately, knowledge regarding the long-term effects on health is l...
The Effectiveness of Microdosed Psilocybin in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Lyme Disease: A Case Study.
International medical case reports journal – January 01, 2023
Summary
A patient suffering from treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric Lyme disease found remarkable relief through carefully measured microdoses of psilocybin. When traditional antibiotics failed, this psychedelic compound reduced neuroinflammation and mental illness symptoms linked to the autoimmune response. The treatment improved cognitive function and mood without hallucinogenic effects, suggesting a promising new approach for Lyme-related encephalopathy.
Abstract
Lyme disease can result in severe neuropsychiatric symptoms that may be resistant to treatment. The pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric Lyme disease i...
Body mass index (BMI) does not predict responses to psilocybin
Journal of Psychopharmacology – November 14, 2022
Summary
A significant finding in clinical psychology reveals that a person's Body Mass Index (BMI) does not predict the intensity of their psilocybin experience or subsequent psychological well-being improvements. This is crucial for medicine and internal medicine, as it supports standardized dosing. Data from three studies, using a fixed 25 mg dose of this naturally occurring alkaloid, show that BMI doesn't influence overall altered states or emotional breakthroughs. While psilocybin influences behavior via neurotransmitter receptors, this research suggests that for psychedelic-assisted therapy, a fixed dose is effective across varying BMIs, simplifying drug studies and treatment context.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin is a serotonin type 2A (5-HT 2A ) receptor agonist and naturally occurring psychedelic. 5-HT 2A receptor density is known to...
Revealing Changes in Linear and Nonlinear Functional Connectivity After Psilocybin and Escitalopram Treatment in Patients with Depression
OpenAlex – March 10, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin and Escitalopram, vital in Psychiatry and Mental Health Research Topics, appear to rewire the brain differently for Depression recovery. Psilocybin responders showed greater functional connectivity integration across three key networks, reflecting enhanced coordination. Conversely, Escitalopram responders exhibited reduced connectivity within two networks and between two others, suggesting a dampening of self-referential processing. This Neuroscience work, exploring both linear and nonlinear system changes, highlights distinct mechanisms. Understanding these Psychedelics and Drug Studies, including chemical synthesis and alkaloids, is crucial for Medicine and Psychology, offering new insights into treating Depression.
Abstract
Abstract Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is typically characterized by altered linear functional connectivity (FC) across large-scale brain network...
An overview of psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, and ketamine in revitalizing psychedelic-assisted therapy: Insights, limitations and future directions.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – July 25, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy marks a pivotal evolution in mental health. A review reveals compounds like Psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, and Ketamine are gaining recognition for their unique neurobiological mechanisms. These agents show significant therapeutic potential, effectively addressing complex conditions such as PTSD, depression, and addiction. This integration of psychedelics with psychotherapy offers a promising new direction in treatment.
Abstract
The resurgence of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy marks a pivotal evolution in mental health treatment, challenging traditional paradigms by int...
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Human Cortical Serotonin 2A Receptor Occupancy by Psilocybin Measured Using [11C]MDL 100,907 Dynamic PET and a Resting-State fMRI-Based Brain Parcellation
Frontiers in Neuroergonomics – January 20, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly engages brain serotonin 5-HT receptors. Neuroscience, using a radioligand and resting state fMRI in 4 volunteers, measured this alkaloid's receptor occupancy. This agonist achieved an average 39.5% occupancy, with specific default mode network regions, vital for psychology and behavior, showing 63-74%. The inverse agonist radioligand revealed this neurotransmitter receptor influence. Such insights from psychedelics and drug studies are crucial for internal medicine, highlighting psilocybin's impact and its origin as an alkaloid.
Abstract
Psilocybin (a serotonin 2A, or 5-HT 2A , receptor agonist) has shown preliminary efficacy as a treatment for mood and substance use disorders. The ...
Factor Analysis of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire: A Study of Experiences Occasioned by the Hallucinogen Psilocybin
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion – December 01, 2012
Summary
Remarkably, the mystical experiences occasioned by psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, can be precisely measured. A psychology investigation involving 1,602 participants who ingested psilocybin utilized exploratory factor analysis to validate a 30-item Mystical Experience Questionnaire. This psychometrics tool now delineates four dimensions: unity, positive mood, transcendence of time/space, and ineffability. A second sample of 440 confirmed this structure. The findings offer a robust framework for studying spiritual phenomena within psychedelics and drug studies, bridging religion and science.
Abstract
A large body of historical evidence describes the use of hallucinogenic compounds, such as psilocybin mushrooms, for religious purposes. But few sc...
Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression
New England Journal of Medicine – April 14, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, appears to offer antidepressant effects comparable to Escitalopram for individuals navigating depression. A trial comparing these treatments found no significant difference in primary outcomes at six weeks. While secondary measures in Psychology and Psychiatry generally favored Psilocybin, a compound from chemical synthesis and alkaloids influencing neurotransmitter receptors, these require further validation. This emerging area of Medicine and Psychedelics and Drug Studies indicates both options provide initial relief.
Abstract
On the basis of the change in depression scores on the QIDS-SR-16 at week 6, this trial did not show a significant difference in antidepressant eff...