3034 results for "Psilocybin"
Psilocybin has a narrow therapeutic window as an antidepressant treatment.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – April 02, 2025
Summary
Moderate doses of psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, show optimal antidepressant effects while minimizing side effects. Tests revealed that a precise middle dose improved mood and social behavior in rats, while increasing beneficial brain proteins. Higher doses reduced locomotor activity and caused weight changes, while lower doses had minimal impact, suggesting careful dosing is crucial for therapeutic success.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic compound in magic mushrooms, shows promise as a novel intervention with a single administration induc...
Psilocybin Facilitates Fear Extinction: Importance of Dose, Context, and Serotonin Receptors
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – August 01, 2024
Summary
The potent hallucinogen psilocybin significantly enhances fear extinction, a core process in psychology. In mice, this alkaloid boosted the reversal of fear conditioning across all tested doses when administered before exposure therapy; females responded to a narrower dose range. Neuroscience and pharmacology confirm psilocybin's long-term effects on extinction retention and suppressing fear renewal in a novel context. This depends critically on serotonin neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, specifically 5-HT2A receptors. Such psychedelics, compounds often derived via chemical synthesis, show strong potential for adjunctive studies.
Abstract
A variety of classic psychedelics and MDMA have been shown to enhance fear extinction in rodent models. This has translational significance because...
Psilocybin restrains activity-based anorexia in female rats by enhancing cognitive flexibility: contributions from 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mechanisms
Molecular Psychiatry – April 27, 2024
Summary
A powerful hallucinogen, psilocybin, significantly improves cognitive flexibility and body weight maintenance in female rats modeling anorexia nervosa. This neuroscience suggests promise for clinical psychology. The psychedelic compound enhances cognition by improving adaptation to changing reward contingencies, demonstrating mental flexibility. Pharmacology reveals this influence on behavior crucially involves serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A neurotransmitter receptors. Notably, blocking 5-HT1A receptors negates psilocybin's cognitive enhancing effects, providing new context for understanding therapeutic mechanisms in brain disorders beyond exclusive 5-HT2A receptor binding.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin has shown promise for alleviating symptoms of depression and is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of anorexia nerv...
In vivo validation of psilacetin as a prodrug yielding modestly lower peripheral psilocin exposure than psilocybin
Frontiers in Psychiatry – January 08, 2024
Summary
The long-assumed chemistry of psilacetin, an unscheduled hallucinogen, is now confirmed: it acts as a prodrug for psilocin in vivo. This active metabolite, central to psilocybin's therapeutic pharmacology, was measured in C57Bl6/J mice. Psilacetin yielded approximately 70% of the psilocin exposure compared to psilocybin, which produced 10-25% higher concentrations at 15 minutes. These psychedelics and drug studies offer valuable insight, suggesting psilacetin is a viable alternative for exploring neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Introduction The use of the psychedelic compound psilocybin in conjunction with psychotherapy has shown promising results in the treatment of psych...
“But the reality is it's happening”: A qualitative study of eating disorder providers about psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy
International Journal of Eating Disorders – August 08, 2023
Summary
Healthcare providers in Medicine and Clinical psychology show strong interest in psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, as a psychological intervention for eating disorders. Among 32 psychotherapists and medical professionals, hope for this emerging treatment was significant despite concerns about patient malnutrition and equitable access for publicly insured patients. Professionals in Psychiatry and Psychology recognize the potential of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, requesting more education on psilocybin therapy and its role in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
Abstract Objective This study invited providers who care for patients with eating disorders to inform engagement, communication, and collaboration ...
Shared and distinct brain regions targeted for immediate early gene expression by ketamine and psilocybin
OpenAlex – March 20, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic, significantly boosts neuroplasticity in at least 10 distinct brain regions, offering new insights for psychology and biology. Neuroscience reveals this compound, a derivative of tryptophan, elevates immediate early gene expression in areas including the insular cortex, locus coeruleus, and basolateral amygdala. Drug studies suggest glutamatergic receptors influence behavior, pointing to a shared mechanism for psilocybin's therapeutic potential in brain disorders. This highlights key areas for future investigation.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Psilocybin is a psychedelic with therapeutic potential. While there is growing evidence that psilocybin exerts its beneficial effects thro...
Safety pharmacology of acute psilocybin administration in healthy participants
Neuroscience Applied – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen and chemical synthesis alkaloid, shows promise as medicine. A pooled analysis of three randomized crossover studies, involving 85 healthy participants and 113 drug administrations, examined its safety pharmacology. While some experienced increased heart rate (7%) or elevated body temperature (up to 32% at 30mg), and 6% reported transient flashbacks, no serious adverse effect occurred. Only higher doses (25-30mg) increased anxiety. This psychology and psychiatry research suggests psilocybin is safe under medical supervision akin to anesthesia, influencing behavior via neurotransmitter receptors.
Abstract
Psilocybin is being studied for its therapeutic potential in various mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and addiction. Initial s...
Long-term effects of psilocybin on dynamic and effectivity connectivity of fronto-striatal-thalamic circuits
OpenAlex – November 07, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound from chemical synthesis, profoundly reconfigures brain function. Neuroscience reveals that four weeks after a single dose, the brain's fronto-striatal-thalamic biological neural network, vital for motivation, shows increased functional connectivity and flexibility. Computer science modeling indicates this long-term change stems from reduced structural constraints. This re-organization, crucial for psychology, involves altered neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior: reduced top-down control linked to 5-HT2A receptors and increased bottom-up flow via D2 receptors. These drug studies suggest a common mechanism for psilocybin's therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin has been shown to induce fast and sustained improvements in mental well-being across various populations, yet its long-term mec...
The revival of psilocybin between scientific excitement, evidence of efficacy, and real-world challenges
CNS Spectrums – December 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a unique hallucinogen derived from chemical synthesis, shows promising preliminary results in clinical psychology for treating mood and anxiety disorders. This review of psychedelics and drug studies highlights its potential in psychiatry, alleviating depression, anxiety, and obsessive behaviors. While a psychotherapist might one day integrate this medicine, robust evidence from complementary and alternative medicine studies is still needed. Concerns about optimal dosage, long-term efficacy, and safety persist. Rigorous, larger studies are essential to solidify psilocybin's therapeutic role.
Abstract
Abstract The revival of psilocybin in psychopharmacological research heralds a potential paradigm shift for treating mood and anxiety disorders, an...
Psilocybin prevents activity-based anorexia in female rats by enhancing cognitive flexibility: contributions from 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mechanisms
OpenAlex – December 13, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly improved body weight maintenance and cognitive flexibility in female rats modeling anorexia. This finding in clinical psychology shows the psychedelic helped rats adapt to changing reward contingencies, demonstrating a crucial flexibility in cognition. Neuroscience revealed serotonin 1A receptor activity was vital for these cognitive enhancements, highlighting neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and neuroendocrine regulation. Psilocybin also altered cortical receptor transcription, offering a new context for understanding anorexia. This work in psychology and drug studies suggests therapeutic mechanisms beyond typical serotonin 2A receptor binding.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin has shown promise for alleviating symptoms of depression and is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of anorexia nerv...
Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction: importance of dose, context, and serotonin receptors
OpenAlex – May 06, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, robustly enhances fear extinction, a key process in psychology. This psychedelic, often derived from chemical synthesis, elevates long-term extinction retention and suppresses fear renewal in a novel environmental context. This effect, explored through neuroscience and pharmacology, is dose-sensitive and critically depends on psilocybin's influence on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors—neurotransmitter receptors vital for behavior. While 5-HT1A receptors also play a role, acute administration timing is crucial.
Abstract
ABSTRACT A variety of classic psychedelics and MDMA have been shown to enhance fear extinction in rodent models. This has translational significanc...
Psilocybin in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), alcoholism and smoking: a literature review
IJS - International Journal of Sciences – January 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin shows significant promise in Psychiatry, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for Generalized anxiety disorder, alcoholism, and smoking cessation. Reviews in Clinical psychology indicate this psychedelic, a compound from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, effectively reduces anxiety symptoms like excessive worry and muscle tension. The field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights its potential to decrease alcohol consumption and promote abstinence, alongside aiding smokers in quitting with lasting beneficial effects. This reinforces psilocybin's therapeutic value.
Abstract
Psilocybin in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder has become a strong point since it can have important benefits in the treatment. The ge...
Engaging Mood Brain Circuits with Psilocybin (EMBRACE): a study protocol for a randomized, proof-of-principle, placebo-controlled and crossover, neuroimaging trial in depression
OpenAlex – December 28, 2023
Summary
Nearly one-third of individuals with Major Depressive Disorder don't respond to conventional antidepressant treatments, highlighting an urgent need in psychiatry. A clinical psychology crossover study involving 36 participants will use functional neuroimaging to investigate how psilocybin, a psychedelic alkaloid, acutely impacts mood and brain neuroplasticity. This medicine aims to reveal psilocybin's neurobiological mechanisms, comparing its effects on brain networks, like the default mode network, against a placebo. Understanding this influence on cognition and behavior is crucial for developing new neuroscience-informed approaches.
Abstract
Abstract Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide across domains of health and cognition, affecting o...
The Therapeutic Effect and Potential Application of Psilocybin
Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology – December 29, 2023
Summary
A compelling finding from Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals the hallucinogen psilocybin's significant potential in Psychology. Psilocybin demonstrates pronounced effects, particularly for cancer patients facing severe mental disorders, greatly reducing their depression index. It also effectively controls substance abuse. While some side effects exist, professionals are willing to integrate this pharmacology into treatment, potentially alongside Digital Mental Health Interventions. This readiness marks a pivotal step in medical history for mental illness care.
Abstract
Mental illness is a hot topic of concern worldwide. The psilocybin has great potential in the treatment of mental disorders, but there is still a r...
Advancing treatment paradigms: the role of psilocybin in managing major depressive disorder
Annals of Medicine and Surgery – November 24, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin delivers rapid, sustained relief for major depressive disorder, even when traditional treatments fail. Analysis of clinical studies from 2014 to 2024 reveals it acts on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, boosting neuroplasticity and brain connectivity to alleviate symptoms. Despite this promising mechanism, its Schedule I classification and societal stigma severely restrict therapeutic application and further investigation. Overcoming these regulatory barriers is vital to integrate psilocybin into mainstream mental health care, unlocking its potential to transform depression treatment.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic compound, has received attention as a novel therapeutic option for major depressive disorder (MDD), p...
Table 2_Dose-dependent changes in global brain activity and functional connectivity following exposure to psilocybin: a BOLD MRI study in awake rats.xlsx
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters brain activity, offering neuroscience insights into sensory processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in awake rats revealed dose-dependent changes. Doses from 0.03 to 3.0 mg/kg significantly increased activity in the somatosensory system, basal ganglia, and thalamus, key areas for sensory input. Resting state fMRI also showed globally increased functional connectivity, providing valuable brain mapping. Notably, females exhibited greater activation than males at 0.3 mg/kg, especially in basal regions. This work advances medicine's understanding of how psilocybin impacts the human brain's sensory system and related psychology.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. This is the first study to use MRI to follow functional changes i...
Table 3_Dose-dependent changes in global brain activity and functional connectivity following exposure to psilocybin: a BOLD MRI study in awake rats.xlsx
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, drastically alters brain activity and sensory processing in awake rats, challenging assumptions from human brain imaging. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed a dose-dependent increase in BOLD signal, particularly in the somatosensory system, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Females exhibited greater activation than males at 0.3 mg/kg doses. While neuroscience reveals psilocybin affects circuits linked to the psychedelic experience, like the hippocampal formation and prefrontal cortex, the observed functional connectivity patterns differed from human studies, prompting new perspectives for medicine and psychology.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. This is the first study to use MRI to follow functional changes i...
Data Sheet 1_Dose-dependent changes in global brain activity and functional connectivity following exposure to psilocybin: a BOLD MRI study in awake rats.pdf
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters brain activity, yet its effects in awake rats differ from human observations. Neuroscience employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on rats given doses from 0.03 to 3.0 mg/kg revealed a dose-dependent increase in brain activity, particularly in the somatosensory system, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Females showed greater activation than males at 0.3 mg/kg. While the human brain's prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation are often implicated in psychedelic experiences, these findings challenge direct translational assumptions, highlighting complex sensory processing and functional connectivity changes. This brain mapping advances medicine's understanding of psilocybin's psychology.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. This is the first study to use MRI to follow functional changes i...
Table 1_Acute and post-dosing effects of single-dose psilocybin for obsessive-compulsive disorder in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: an interpretative phenomenological analysis.docx
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – December 10, 2025
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin can profoundly shift how individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder perceive their condition. Qualitative research, using interpretative phenomenological analysis with 12 participants from a randomized controlled trial, explored these experiences. Participants reported acute perceptual and psychological effects. Post-dosing, they experienced changes in OCD symptoms and their perspective on the disorder. This suggests psilocybin, within clinical psychology and with psychotherapist support, offers a novel approach in psychiatry by altering subjective experience, opening new avenues for understanding and treating OCD.
Abstract
Introduction The subjective effects of psilocybin on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are under-explored. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative ...
Acute and post-dosing effects of single-dose psilocybin for obsessive-compulsive disorder in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 10, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, offers unique insights for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. A qualitative analysis, using Interpretative phenomenological analysis, explored the subjective experiences of 12 individuals from a randomized controlled trial. Participants reported acute perceptual and emotional shifts, though sometimes blunted by OCD. Post-dosing, changes in OCD symptoms and a new perspective on the condition emerged. This work in clinical psychology and psychiatry, part of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlights psilocybin's potential in mental health, suggesting integration with psychotherapy approaches, considering the trial's placebo-controlled nature.
Abstract
Introduction The subjective effects of psilocybin on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are under-explored. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative ...
Advancing treatment paradigms: the role of psilocybin in managing major depressive disorder.
Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) – January 01, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin offers remarkable promise, providing rapid and sustained symptom relief for major depressive disorder, even in treatment-resistant cases. Evidence from clinical trials conducted between 2014 and 2024 reveals this psychedelic therapy enhances neuroplasticity and brain connectivity. However, its classification as a Schedule I substance significantly impedes further research and broader application. Policy reform is crucial to overcome these regulatory barriers, allowing psilocybin's full potential to be unlocked and integrated into mainstream mental health care.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic compound, has received attention as a novel therapeutic option for major depressive disorder (MDD), p...
Psilocybin Mushrooms and Public Health in Brazil: Insights from a Retrospective Analysis of Adverse Events and Their Implications for Regulatory Discussions
International journal of medicinal mushrooms – November 05, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin mushrooms present a remarkably low public health risk. Analyzing 112,451 drug abuse events in Brazil, only 13 involved psilocybin. While 6 of these (46.2%) experienced an adverse effect requiring hospitalization, no fatalities occurred from psilocybin or other mushroom poisoning. In stark contrast, 1.8% of all drug abuse events resulted in death, often linked to cocaine (33.3%). This suggests psilocybin, relevant to traditional medicine and emerging psychedelics and drug studies, offers a safer profile for medicine than current policy implies.
Abstract
Current drug policy classifies psilocybin, a compound found in psychoactive mushrooms, as having high abuse potential while overlooking its therape...
Psilocybin mushrooms and public health in Brazil: a low-risk adverse event profile calls for evidence-based regulatory discussions
OpenAlex – July 12, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen from certain mushrooms, showed a remarkably low public health risk. Out of 112,451 individuals seeking medical attention for substance abuse adverse events, only 13 involved psilocybin mushrooms. While 46.2% of these 13 required hospitalization (6 individuals), they represented just 0.02% of all hospitalizations. Crucially, no fatalities were linked to psilocybin, unlike the 1.8% mortality rate from general drug abuse, where alcohol was the primary agent (49.2%). These Psychedelics and Drug Studies findings suggest psilocybin's potential as medicine warrants re-evaluation in psychiatry, challenging current classifications.
Abstract
Abstract Background Current drug policy classifies psilocybin, a substance produced by psychoactive mushrooms, as having a high potential for abuse...
Acute Blockade of the Serotonin Transporter With Low Doses of Escitalopram Does Not Alter the Behavioural Responses to Acute Psilocybin
European Journal of Neuroscience – December 01, 2025
Summary
Contrary to prior assumptions, the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) does not directly mediate psilocybin's immediate behavioral effects. Psilocybin (1 mg/kg) readily increased movement and induced head twitches in C57BL/6 mice. However, pre-treatment with the 5-HTT inhibitor escitalopram (2.5–5 mg/kg) did not alter these responses. This suggests that the 5-HTT is not directly involved in psilocybin's acute impact. Earlier findings, where psilocybin had no effect on mice genetically lacking 5-HTT, likely reflect developmental differences or varying serotonin levels, not a direct transporter role.
Abstract
ABSTRACT The psychedelic psilocybin has gained popularity in recent years as a therapy for treatment‐resistant depression and has been reported to ...
The revival of psilocybin between scientific excitement, evidence of efficacy, and real-world challenges.
CNS spectrums – December 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, shows remarkable potential as one of nature's rapid-acting antidepressants. Recent evidence reveals it can enhance cognitive flexibility and promote synaptic plasticity in the brain. This natural pharmacotherapy option may offer relief for depression, anxiety, and addiction while potentially fostering positive personality changes. Initial clinical results show significant improvements in patient outcomes with minimal side effects.
Abstract
The revival of psilocybin in psychopharmacological research heralds a potential paradigm shift for treating mood and anxiety disorders, and other p...
Psilocybin Therapy for Clinicians With Symptoms of Depression From Frontline Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
JAMA Network Open – December 05, 2024
Summary
Frontline clinicians battling the mental health toll of the pandemic experienced significant relief from depression through a novel psychiatric intervention. In a randomized controlled trial of 30 medical professionals, including 50% women, psilocybin therapy combined with counseling led to a mean -21.33 point reduction in depression scores, compared to -9.33 for a control group. This promising finding suggests psychedelics could offer a powerful complementary medicine approach for severe mental health challenges, moving beyond traditional clinical psychology.
Abstract
Importance The psychological morbidity experienced by physicians, advanced practice practitioners (APPs), and nurses from working during the COVID-...
Convergent evolution of psilocybin biosynthesis by psychedelic mushrooms
OpenAlex – July 25, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen with promise in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, doesn't fully deter insect predators. Wild *Psilocybe cyanescens* mushrooms were found to host thriving fly larvae that matured into adults, challenging its traditional role as an adaptive defense. The Biology of its production is complex, revealing multiple gene clusters for the chemical synthesis of this alkaloid across species like *Inocybe corydalina*. This expands our understanding of Fungal Biology and Applications, showing diverse biosynthetic pathways.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin is a psychoactive compound with clinical applications produced by dozens of mushroom species 1 . There has been a longstanding ...
The safety and efficacy of psilocybin therapy in patients with cancer and major depressive disorder.
Journal of Clinical Oncology – June 01, 2022
Summary
Fifty percent of cancer patients with major depressive disorder experienced complete remission from depression for eight weeks after a single psilocybin dose. In this clinical trial, 30 patients showed an average 19.1-point drop in depression scores. Eighty percent achieved a sustained response, with no serious adverse effects reported. This promising psychiatry and internal medicine finding suggests psychedelics as medicine could significantly alleviate the economic burden of depression in cancer care, offering new hope for patients battling both cancer and anxiety.
Abstract
12097 Background: More than 17 million people in the U.S. live with cancer and up to 25% of them have major depression. Depression leads to lower t...
Psilocybin Reduces Grooming in the SAPAP3 Knockout Mouse Model of Compulsive Behaviour
OpenAlex – October 24, 2024
Summary
A single 1 mg/kg dose of Psilocybin dramatically reduced obsessive compulsive-like behaviors for up to a week in male knockout mice, a key model in Psychology for compulsive disorders. This finding, from Drug Studies involving male and female mice, suggests new ways psychedelics influence behavior by impacting neurotransmitter receptors. It also reduced grooming in female mice. This research, advancing our understanding of brain function and potential therapeutic technology, offers promise for developing novel treatments for compulsive conditions, moving beyond current options.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic compound which shows promise for treating compulsive behaviours. This is particularly pertinent a...
Improvement in Depression Symptoms Measured by Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Rated Items after Randomised Double-blind COMP360 Psilocybin Therapy for Treatment-resistant Depression
European Psychiatry – March 01, 2023
Summary
A randomized controlled trial of 233 adults with treatment-resistant depression found a single 25mg dose of COMP360 psilocybin significantly improved specific sadness symptoms. This synthetic psychedelic, a key focus in psychedelics and drug studies, led to a 1.0-point greater reduction in "Inability to Feel" and 0.8-point greater reduction in "Apparent Sadness" on a psychology rating scale by Week 3, compared to 1mg. These clinical endpoint improvements are vital for mental health research in psychiatry and internal medicine, with effects lasting up to 12 weeks.
Abstract
Introduction COMP360 is a synthetic, proprietary, purified form of psilocybin in development for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) with FDA Brea...
Insights into psilocybin use among people with bipolar disorder: A thematic analysis of Reddit posts
Journal of Affective Disorders – January 20, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, presents a nuanced psychological landscape for individuals with Bipolar disorder. A thematic analysis of 354 Reddit accounts revealed diverse experiences. While some reported reduced depression and profound shifts in perspective, others tragically experienced heightened mania, psychosis, and even paranoia. This complex interplay of benefits and risks is vital for clinical psychology and psychiatry, informing psychotherapists about psychedelic use.
Abstract
Psilocybin has been reported to decrease depression symptoms among individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), but has also been associated with report...
Table 1_Dose-dependent changes in global brain activity and functional connectivity following exposure to psilocybin: a BOLD MRI study in awake rats.docx
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, alters brain activity, functional connectivity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), resting fMRI, dose-dependently increased (0.03-3.0 mg/kg) somatosensory system, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Brain mapping females greater activation than males at 0.3 mg/kg, sensory processing and premovement neuronal activity. Neuroscience for medicine and psychology, hippocampal formation findings despite prefrontal cortex hypotheses, informing human brain, contrasting electrophysiology/meditative brain activity.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. This is the first study to use MRI to follow functional changes i...
Table 5_Dose-dependent changes in global brain activity and functional connectivity following exposure to psilocybin: a BOLD MRI study in awake rats.xlsx
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters brain activity. Neuroscience using functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed this medicine causes dose-dependent increases in neural activity, particularly in the somatosensory system, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Females exhibited greater activation than males at 0.3 mg/kg doses. This brain mapping shows complex sensory processing changes. While prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation were hypothesized targets, the observed functional connectivity patterns in the brain's circuitry differed from human brain psychology literature, offering new insights into the sensory system.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. This is the first study to use MRI to follow functional changes i...
Data Sheet 2_Dose-dependent changes in global brain activity and functional connectivity following exposure to psilocybin: a BOLD MRI study in awake rats.docx
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin's effects on the human brain may differ significantly from rodent models. Neuroscience, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in awake rats, revealed this hallucinogen (up to 3.0 mg/kg) increased resting state brain activity in the somatosensory system, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Brain mapping showed females exhibited greater activation than males at 0.3 mg/kg. While hippocampal and prefrontal cortex changes weren't primary, global functional connectivity increased. This medicine provides insights into sensory processing and brain activity, including premovement neuronal activity, informing psychology and potential links to meditation.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. This is the first study to use MRI to follow functional changes i...
Table 4_Dose-dependent changes in global brain activity and functional connectivity following exposure to psilocybin: a BOLD MRI study in awake rats.xlsx
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 01, 2025
Summary
Unexpectedly, the hallucinogen Psilocybin affects the human brain differently than it does in awake rats. Neuroscience using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed dose-dependent increases in brain activity and functional connectivity across doses from 0.03 to 3.0 mg/kg. Key areas like the somatosensory system, basal ganglia, and thalamus showed heightened activity. Females exhibited greater activation than males at 0.3 mg/kg, particularly in basal regions. This brain mapping of sensory processing offers insights for medicine, despite the observed divergence from human psychology.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. This is the first study to use MRI to follow functional changes i...
Optimized psilocybin production in tryptophan catabolism‐repressed fungi
Microbial Biotechnology – November 01, 2024
Summary
A significant breakthrough in Biology and Chemistry has dramatically boosted psilocybin production, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. A mutant strain of *Aspergillus nidulans* was engineered, modifying its biochemistry to prevent tryptamine breakdown. This optimized fermentation process achieved a remarkable 10-fold increase in psilocybin yield, reaching 267 mg/L. This advance in chemical synthesis and alkaloids offers a sustainable, efficient method to produce psilocybin, a compound with high therapeutic potential for severe mental disorders.
Abstract
Abstract The high therapeutic potential of psilocybin, a prodrug of the psychotropic psilocin, holds great promise for the treatment of mental diso...
Assessing expectancy and suggestibility in a trial of escitalopram v. psilocybin for depression.
Psychological medicine – June 01, 2024
Summary
Patient expectations surprisingly don't predict outcomes for psychedelic therapy. In a head-to-head comparison of psilocybin versus the SSRI escitalopram for depression, researchers found that while positive expectations about antidepressants improved their effectiveness, expectations about psilocybin didn't impact its therapeutic benefits. However, people who were naturally more suggestible responded better to psychedelic treatment.
Abstract
To investigate the association between pre-trial expectancy, suggestibility, and response to treatment in a trial of escitalopram and investigation...
Psilocybin as a lead candidate molecule in preclinical therapeutic studies of psychiatric disorders: A systematic review
Journal of Neurochemistry – November 29, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows significant promise for treating neuropsychiatric conditions, particularly depression. A review of 36 preclinical studies reveals how this alkaloid, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, may exert its therapeutic effects. This pharmacology research in neuroscience and psychology explores psilocybin's mechanisms, offering insights for future medicine and psychiatry. The findings from these psychedelics and drug studies highlight psilocybin's potential to alter behavior at a cellular level, providing a robust context for developing new treatments.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin is the main psychoactive compound found in hallucinogenic/magic mushrooms and can bind to both serotonergic and tropomyosin rec...
Amygdala response to emotional faces following acute administration of psilocybin in healthy individuals
Neuroscience Applied – December 30, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a serotonergic hallucinogen, significantly reduces the brain's emotional responses. A Neuroscience investigation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with 26 healthy individuals revealed that psilocybin acutely decreased amygdala reactivity to angry faces by a mean difference of -0.54 compared to baseline. This finding, pertinent to Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, indicates the compound's influence on emotional processing. Moreover, a more intense subjective psilocybin experience showed a negative association (slope -0.13) with amygdala reactivity to fearful faces, underscoring this potent drug's complex effects.
Abstract
The serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin acutely induces changes in emotional states. However, it remains unresolved whether psilocybin acutely modu...
The effects of psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram on cognitive bias: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
OpenAlex – March 21, 2025
Summary
Patients with major depression experienced a significant boost in optimism following psilocybin therapy. In a randomized controlled trial of 59 individuals, self-reported optimism increased with a large effect size (d=1.1) after two psilocybin doses, compared to no change with escitalopram. Psilocybin, a focus in psychedelics and drug studies, also improved all three dysfunctional attitude domains, a key area in psychology and cognition, whereas escitalopram improved only one. This suggests a powerful approach for psychotherapists, influencing psychotherapy techniques in clinical psychology and medicine.
Abstract
Abstract Background Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have more dysfunctional attitudes and pessimism than healthy individuals and thes...
Assessing expectancy and suggestibility in a trial of escitalopram v. psilocybin for depression
Psychological Medicine – January 22, 2024
Summary
Surprisingly, psilocybin's therapeutic effect for major depressive disorder may be less influenced by patient expectations than escitalopram, a common antidepressant. A randomized controlled trial involving 55 participants revealed that while higher expectancy predicted better outcomes with escitalopram, it didn't for psilocybin. This finding challenges conventional expectancy theory in psychology. However, trait suggestibility did predict response to the hallucinogen psilocybin, suggesting individuals open to new experiences might benefit most. This clinical psychology research, vital for psychiatry and psychedelics and drug studies, indicates unique mechanisms for this psychedelic.
Abstract
Abstract Background To investigate the association between pre-trial expectancy, suggestibility, and response to treatment in a trial of escitalopr...
Chronic Treatment With Psilocybin Decreases Changes in Body Weight in a Rodent Model of Obesity
Frontiers in Psychiatry – May 18, 2022
Summary
The hallucinogen psilocybin shows promise for weight loss, a significant finding for internal medicine and endocrinology tackling obesity. In pharmacology drug studies, obese rats treated for 27 weekdays experienced decreased body weight and central adiposity with psilocybin, a psychedelic. This alkaloid acts as a serotonergic agonist, influencing serotonin neurotransmitter receptors to reduce high-calorie food intake. While Metformin, a common medicine, produced greater weight loss, psilocybin offers a novel approach to weight gain management.
Abstract
Background There are currently relatively few effective pharmacological treatments for obesity, and existing ones may be associated with limiting s...
Rapid quantification of Psilocybin with reversed-phase HPLC and single-wavelength detection
OpenAlex – October 26, 2021
Summary
A new High-performance liquid chromatography method rapidly quantifies psilocybin, a key alkaloid in psychedelics and drug studies, in under two minutes. This advance in chemistry and chromatography is crucial as interest in psilocybin's pharmacology grows. The technique, vital for chemical synthesis and alkaloids analysis, demonstrated high accuracy with only a 3.5% bias for psilocybin and excellent reliability at 0.32% RSD. This efficient method ensures rapid purity analysis for therapeutic applications.
Abstract
The alkaloid psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and the neurologically active psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) are the ...
Efficacy of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Substance and Alcohol Use Disorders
OpenAlex – May 02, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, psilocybin, a naturally occurring alkaloid, shows significant promise in psychiatry for treating Alcohol use disorder and other substance use issues. Clinical trials, often with small sample sizes, combining this hallucinogen with psychotherapist-led sessions demonstrated notable reductions in alcohol consumption. Further psychedelics and drug studies indicate improved depressive symptoms. Animal models suggest psilocybin can disrupt alcohol-seeking behaviors, offering new avenues in medicine and psychology for preventing relapse. These findings, though relying on self-reported data, highlight psilocybin's potential.
Abstract
Introduction: Substance use disorder (SUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are major public health crises, affecting millions of Americans. Current ...
564. TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE THERAPEUTICALLY RELEVANT MECHANISMS OF PSILOCYBIN FOR ANOREXIA NERVOSA
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
A hallucinogen, psilocybin, shows promise for Anorexia nervosa. In a small clinical psychology trial, 40% of 10 participants experienced lasting improvements in anorexia symptoms. To understand how psilocybin works, Psychology and Drug Studies explored its effects in animal models. The medicine improved cognitive adaptability and body weight outcomes in models of anorexia, influencing specific brain receptors and altering gene activity in the prefrontal cortex within 24 hours. This suggests psilocybin's potential in Psychiatry by enhancing mental flexibility and reward processing, critical for psychotherapist-led interventions.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psilocybin, the psychoactive compound produced by so-called “magic” mushrooms has shown promise in alleviating symptoms of a ra...
Translational research investigating psilocybin
OpenAlex – January 01, 2023
Summary
The powerful hallucinogen psilocybin, a serotonergic compound in psychedelic mushrooms, profoundly alters perception, mood, and bodily image by activating specific brain receptors. Despite growing interest in its therapeutic potential for psychiatric disorders, the neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive. This Neuroscience and Psychology research investigates psilocybin's acute dose-dependent effects across three distinct levels: epigenetic, neurobiological, and cognitive. Understanding these complex drug studies will clarify how psilocybin influences illusion and reality.
Abstract
This dissertation has taken an interdisciplinary approach to investigate and give insights into psilocybin’s neurobiological underpinnings. Psilocy...
Psilocybin inhibits formalin-induced nociception through 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor in rats
Behavioural Pharmacology – September 25, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics show promise for pain relief. Psilocybin, a compound from "magic mushrooms," significantly reduced acute and persistent inflammatory pain in animal models. Rats receiving 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg psilocybin displayed fewer flinches and less licking behavior after a noxious stimulus. This pain-relieving effect was blocked by a specific antagonist, indicating neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. These findings contribute to Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, suggesting psilocybin activates particular receptors to alleviate pain, advancing drug studies.
Abstract
Psilocybin is found in a family of mushrooms commonly known as Psilocybe. We aimed to study the antinociceptive efficacy of psilocybin using formal...
694. INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL OF PSILOCYBIN FOR COMPULSIVE EATING IN A RAT MODEL OF BINGE EATING
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a well-known hallucinogen, showed no effect on compulsive binge eating in a rat model, challenging some theories in Psychology and Psychiatry regarding its therapeutic potential for eating disorders. In a study involving 44 female rats, a 2 mg/kg dose of Psilocybin did not reduce the animals' compulsive behavior or food intake associated with binge-eating disorder. While Psilocybin influences Neurotransmitter Receptors and is explored in Clinical Psychology for various behaviors, these Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggest this particular application might require different approaches.
Abstract
Abstract Background Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder, often associated with metabolic syndrome and other mental he...
Psilocybin decreases reward-seeking behavior accompanied by increased activity of parvalbumin neurons with perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex
OpenAlex – December 26, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly decreases reward-seeking behavior, a compelling neuroscience finding. Male Long Evans rats, assessed using a psychology-based delay discounting task, chose fewer large rewards 48 hours after a single psilocybin dose. This effect was linked to an increased density of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons with extracellular perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the prefrontal cortex. While initially hypothesized to impact impulsivity, the observed behavioral changes were not consistent with altered impulsive choices. Psilocybin appears to influence behavior by enhancing specific inhibitory circuits.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Clinical trials suggest that a single dose of psilocybin is an effective treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). Choice impulsivity ...
Psilocybin prevents habituation to familiar stimuli and preserves sensitivity to sound following repeated stimulation in mouse primary auditory cortex
OpenAlex – September 30, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin dramatically alters how the brain processes sound. Neuroscience investigations revealed that a 1 mg/kg dose of psilocybin prevented normal habituation to repeated auditory stimulation within the mouse auditory cortex. Instead of responses diminishing, neural activity maintained its responsiveness and sound-level thresholds, unlike controls. This suggests psilocybin disrupts sensory gating, influencing behavior and perception. Insights from psychedelics and drug studies could inform audiology and psychology, potentially targeting maladaptive sensory processing through neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin, a psychoactive substance derived from fungi, has been utilized historically by diverse cultures for both medicinal and non-med...
Safety, feasibility, and tolerability of psilocybin in older adults with amnestic MCI: Preliminary data from a SV2a PET imaging study
Alzheimer s & Dementia – December 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a medicine for cognitive decline, shows promising tolerability. A pilot clinical trial with two aMCI patients (50% male) and three healthy controls (67% male) found 25mg psilocybin doses, versus placebo, well-tolerated. No serious adverse effects occurred; minor issues like dizziness (n=4) resolved. Neuroscience and psychiatry animal studies suggest psilocybin enhances cognition and cognitive flexibility through effects on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. A randomized controlled trial will explore its neuropsychology, contrasting with treatments like galantamine or memantine.
Abstract
Abstract Background Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is characterized by synaptic loss and cognitive decline and is considered a precursor...
Psilocybin decreases preference for large rewards accompanied by increased activity of parvalbumin neurons with perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Figshare – March 11, 2026
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin significantly alters decision-making related to substance use disorders. In a study with male Long Evans rats, psilocybin reduced choices for large rewards by 30% and increased the time taken to make these choices 48 hours post-administration. This effect was linked to enhanced activity in parvalbumin interneurons within the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, marked by a 40% increase in triple-labelled neurons. These findings suggest that psilocybin may help decrease impulsivity by modulating key neural circuits involved in reward processing.
Abstract
Clinical trials suggest that a single dose of psilocybin may be an effective treatment for substance use disorders. Choice impulsivity is a value-b...
The effects of psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram on cognitive bias: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology – June 23, 2025
Summary
People with depression often hold pessimistic views that worsen their condition. A recent analysis explored if psilocybin therapy could shift these negative biases better than escitalopram. Patients with depression were given either psilocybin or daily escitalopram. Results showed psilocybin significantly boosted optimism and improved dysfunctional attitudes across multiple areas, including achievement, dependency, and self-control. While escitalopram also helped reduce pessimism about negative events and improved attitudes towards achievement, psilocybin demonstrated a broader and more substantial positive impact on cognitive biases linked to depression.
Abstract
Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have more dysfunctional attitudes than healthy individuals and these pessimistic biases are correlate...
The use of psilocybin in the treatment of psychiatric disorders – review
Journal of Education, Health and Sport – August 15, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a classic psychedelic, is revealing its potential to "unleash the mind." A literature review examined psilocybin's use for psychiatric disorders. Findings suggest psychedelic-assisted therapy shows promise for major depressive disorder, addiction, and other conditions like OCD. These positive results highlight psilocybin's potential, with psychological support being a crucial component.
Abstract
Introduction: The word “psychedelic” derives from the Greek language and can be loosely translated as “mind manifesting” which is to convey that th...
Neurocognitive effects of psilocybin: A systematic and comprehensive review of neuroimaging studies in humans.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – August 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, creates profound changes in brain connectivity patterns. Advanced neuroimaging techniques like MRI and PET scans reveal that this psychedelic temporarily disrupts the brain's default mode network, altering self-perception and emotional processing. Studies show promising brain changes in treating depression, with functional connectivity shifts linked to improved mood and social functioning.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a psychedelic serotonergic compound that is renowned for its potent psychoactive effects. Over the past 15 years, an increasing numbe...
Race/ethnicity moderates the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and opioid use disorder
PLoS ONE – May 07, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin's impact on Opioid use disorder (OUD) varies significantly across ethnic groups, a critical demography insight. Analyzing 706,891 individuals with logistic regression, psilocybin use was associated with 16% lower odds of OUD for White individuals (Odds ratio: 0.84) and 32% lower odds for Hispanic individuals (Odds ratio: 0.68). However, Black, Asian, Indigenous, and Multiracial groups showed no such association. This race-based disparity highlights the complex psychological and psychiatric considerations for psychedelics in medicine, underscoring nuanced approaches in drug studies.
Abstract
Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a debilitating health condition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Wh...
Exploring Psychedelics Pharmacology: A Scoping Review Charting the Course of Psilocybin Pharmacokinetics.
Clinical neuropharmacology
Summary
Psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, reaches peak levels in the bloodstream about 2 hours after ingestion and clears from the body within 3 hours. This analysis of clinical data from 112 healthy volunteers shows a predictable relationship between dose and blood concentration, with no serious side effects reported. The compound's reliable behavior and safety profile support its potential as a therapeutic tool.
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to synthesize the existing data about psilocybin pharmacokinetics to learn what has been described regarding body disposi...
Comparative antidepressant effects and safety of intravenous racemic ketamine, psilocybin and theta burst stimulation for major depressive disorder: A systematic review and network meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports – December 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, and Ketamine, used in Anesthesia and Pharmacology, show superior antidepressant effects for Major depressive disorder compared to theta burst stimulation. A meta-analysis of 28 Randomized controlled trials revealed both drugs, central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, surpassed Placebo. While Tolerability and Adverse effect profiles were similar, Ketamine demonstrated a rapid onset for Treatment of Major Depression. This Medicine review, relevant to Psychology and Psychiatry, suggests these agents hold significant promise, though further Internal medicine investigation into Psilocybin is warranted.
Abstract
Abstract The individual efficacy and safety of intravenous racemic (IV) ketamine, psilocybin, and theta burst stimulation (TBS) for major depressiv...
Effects of psilocin and psilocybin on human 5-HT4 serotonin receptors in atrial preparations of transgenic mice and humans
Toxicology Letters – June 12, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen known for its action on 5-HT2 receptors, directly influences heart function. This pharmacology insight reveals that psilocybin and its related chemistry, psilocin, function as agonists on cardiac 5-HT4 serotonin receptors. Using transgenic mouse models and human atrial preparations, 10 µM concentrations of these psychedelics enhanced heart muscle contraction and beating rate. These effects, demonstrating neurotransmitter receptor influence, were blocked by specific 5-HT4 receptor antagonists, a crucial finding for internal medicine and drug studies.
Abstract
Several fungi belonging to the genus Psilocybe, also called "magic mushrooms", contain the hallucinogenic drugs psilocybin and psilocin. They are c...
Psilocybin promotes neuroplasticity and induces rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in mice
Journal of Psychopharmacology – April 28, 2024
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin rapidly and lastingly alleviated behavioural despair in mice, a compelling finding for neuroscience and psychology. This pharmacology research, relevant to psychedelics and drug studies, reveals psilocybin promotes neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. It enhanced synaptic plasticity markers, including Synapsin I levels and dendritic branching, reversing stress-induced deficits. This suggests its influence on neurotransmitter receptors, offering a novel antidepressant approach for conditions like tryptophan-related brain disorders.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin offers new hope for treating mood disorders due to its rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, as standard medications r...